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1. Natural History Study of STXBP1-Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Into Adulthood

Author

Stamberger, H, Crosiers, D, Balagura, G, Bonardi, CM, Basu, A, Cantalupo, G, Chiesa, V, Christensen, J, Dalla Bernardina, B, Ellis, CA, Furia, F, Gardiner, F, Giron, C, Guerrini, R, Klein, KM, Korff, C, Krijtova, H, Leffner, M, Lerche, H, Lesca, G, Lewis-Smith, D, Marini, C, Marjanovic, D, Mazzola, L, Ruggiero, SM, Mochel, F, Ramond, F, Reif, PS, Richard-Mornas, A, Rosenow, F, Schropp, C, Thomas, RH, Vignoli, A, Weber, Y, Palmer, E, Helbig, I, Scheffer, IE, Striano, P, Moller, RS, Gardella, E, Weckhuysen, S, Stamberger, H, Crosiers, D, Balagura, G, Bonardi, CM, Basu, A, Cantalupo, G, Chiesa, V, Christensen, J, Dalla Bernardina, B, Ellis, CA, Furia, F, Gardiner, F, Giron, C, Guerrini, R, Klein, KM, Korff, C, Krijtova, H, Leffner, M, Lerche, H, Lesca, G, Lewis-Smith, D, Marini, C, Marjanovic, D, Mazzola, L, Ruggiero, SM, Mochel, F, Ramond, F, Reif, PS, Richard-Mornas, A, Rosenow, F, Schropp, C, Thomas, RH, Vignoli, A, Weber, Y, Palmer, E, Helbig, I, Scheffer, IE, Striano, P, Moller, RS, Gardella, E, and Weckhuysen, S

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pathogenic STXBP1 variants cause a severe early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (STXBP1-DEE). We aimed to investigate the natural history of STXBP1-DEE in adults focusing on seizure evolution, the presence of movement disorders, and the level of functional (in)dependence. METHODS: In this observational study, patients with a minimum age of 18 years carrying a (likely) pathogenic STXBP1 variant were recruited through medical genetics departments and epilepsy centers. Treating clinicians completed clinical questionnaires and performed semistructured video examinations while performing tasks from the (modified) Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale when possible. RESULTS: Thirty adult patients were included for summary statistics, with video recordings available for 19 patients. The median age at last follow-up was 24 years (range 18-58 years). All patients had epilepsy, with a median onset age of 3.5 months. At last follow-up, 80% of adults had treatment-resistant seizures despite long periods of seizure freedom in 37%. Tonic-clonic, focal, and tonic seizures were most frequent in adults. Epileptic spasms, an unusual feature beyond infancy, were present in 3 adults. All individuals had developmental impairment. Periods of regression were present in 59% and did not always correlate with flare-ups in seizure activity. Eighty-seven percent had severe or profound intellectual disability, 42% had autistic features, and 65% had significant behavioral problems. Video examinations showed gait disorders in all 12 patients able to walk, including postural abnormalities with external rotation of the feet, broad-based gait, and asymmetric posture/dystonia. Tremor, present in 56%, was predominantly of the intention/action type. Stereotypies were seen in 63%. Functional outcome concerning mobility was variable ranging from independent walking (50%) to wheelchair dependence (39%). Seventy-one percent of adults were nonverbal, and all were

Published
2022

2. NEXMIF encephalopathy: an X-linked disorder with male and female phenotypic patterns

Author

Stamberger, H., Hammer, T.B., Gardella, E., Vlaskamp, D.R.M., Bertelsen, B., Mandelstam, S., Lange, I. de, Zhang, J., Myers, C.T., Fenger, C., Afawi, Z., Fuerte, E.P. Almanza, Andrade, D.M., Balcik, Y., Zeev, B. Ben, Bennett, M.F., Berkovic, S.F., Isidor, B., Bouman, A., Brilstra, E., Ø, L. Busk, Cairns, A., Caumes, R., Chatron, N., Dale, R.C., Geus, C. de, Edery, P., Gill, D., Granild-Jensen, J.B., Gunderson, L., Gunning, B., Heimer, G., Helle, J.R., Hildebrand, M.S., Hollingsworth, G., Kharytonov, V., Klee, E.W., Koeleman, B.P.C., Koolen, D.A., Korff, C., Küry, S., Lesca, G., Lev, D., Leventer, R.J., Mackay, M.T., Macke, E.L., McEntagart, M., Mohammad, S.S., Monin, P., Montomoli, M., Morava, E., Moutton, S., Muir, A.M., Parrini, E., Procopis, P., Ranza, E., Reed, L., Reif, P.S., Rosenow, F., Rossi, M., Sadleir, L.G., Sadoway, T., Schelhaas, H.J., Schneider, A.L., Shah, K., Shalev, R., Sisodiya, S.M., Smol, T., Stumpel, C., Stuurman, K., Symonds, J.D., Mau-Them, F.T., Verbeek, N., Verhoeven, J.S., Wallace, G., Yosovich, K., Zarate, Y.A., Zerem, A., Zuberi, S.M., Guerrini, R., Mefford, H.C., Patel, C., Zhang, Y.H., Møller, R.S., Scheffer, I.E., Stamberger, H., Hammer, T.B., Gardella, E., Vlaskamp, D.R.M., Bertelsen, B., Mandelstam, S., Lange, I. de, Zhang, J., Myers, C.T., Fenger, C., Afawi, Z., Fuerte, E.P. Almanza, Andrade, D.M., Balcik, Y., Zeev, B. Ben, Bennett, M.F., Berkovic, S.F., Isidor, B., Bouman, A., Brilstra, E., Ø, L. Busk, Cairns, A., Caumes, R., Chatron, N., Dale, R.C., Geus, C. de, Edery, P., Gill, D., Granild-Jensen, J.B., Gunderson, L., Gunning, B., Heimer, G., Helle, J.R., Hildebrand, M.S., Hollingsworth, G., Kharytonov, V., Klee, E.W., Koeleman, B.P.C., Koolen, D.A., Korff, C., Küry, S., Lesca, G., Lev, D., Leventer, R.J., Mackay, M.T., Macke, E.L., McEntagart, M., Mohammad, S.S., Monin, P., Montomoli, M., Morava, E., Moutton, S., Muir, A.M., Parrini, E., Procopis, P., Ranza, E., Reed, L., Reif, P.S., Rosenow, F., Rossi, M., Sadleir, L.G., Sadoway, T., Schelhaas, H.J., Schneider, A.L., Shah, K., Shalev, R., Sisodiya, S.M., Smol, T., Stumpel, C., Stuurman, K., Symonds, J.D., Mau-Them, F.T., Verbeek, N., Verhoeven, J.S., Wallace, G., Yosovich, K., Zarate, Y.A., Zerem, A., Zuberi, S.M., Guerrini, R., Mefford, H.C., Patel, C., Zhang, Y.H., Møller, R.S., and Scheffer, I.E.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 231688.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), PURPOSE: Pathogenic variants in the X-linked gene NEXMIF (previously KIAA2022) are associated with intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder, and epilepsy. We aimed to delineate the female and male phenotypic spectrum of NEXMIF encephalopathy. METHODS: Through an international collaboration, we analyzed the phenotypes and genotypes of 87 patients with NEXMIF encephalopathy. RESULTS: Sixty-three females and 24 males (46 new patients) with NEXMIF encephalopathy were studied, with 30 novel variants. Phenotypic features included developmental delay/ID in 86/87 (99%), seizures in 71/86 (83%) and multiple comorbidities. Generalized seizures predominated including myoclonic seizures and absence seizures (both 46/70, 66%), absence with eyelid myoclonia (17/70, 24%), and atonic seizures (30/70, 43%). Males had more severe developmental impairment; females had epilepsy more frequently, and varied from unaffected to severely affected. All NEXMIF pathogenic variants led to a premature stop codon or were deleterious structural variants. Most arose de novo, although X-linked segregation occurred for both sexes. Somatic mosaicism occurred in two males and a family with suspected parental mosaicism. CONCLUSION: NEXMIF encephalopathy is an X-linked, generalized developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by myoclonic-atonic epilepsy overlapping with eyelid myoclonia with absence. Some patients have developmental encephalopathy without epilepsy. Males have more severe developmental impairment. NEXMIF encephalopathy arises due to loss-of-function variants.

Published
2021

3. NEXMIF encephalopathy: an X-linked disorder with male and female phenotypic patterns

Author

Stamberger, H., Hammer, T.B., Gardella, E., Vlaskamp, D.R.M., Bertelsen, B., Mandelstam, S., Lange, I. de, Zhang, J., Myers, C.T., Fenger, C., Afawi, Z., Fuerte, E.P. Almanza, Andrade, D.M., Balcik, Y., Zeev, B. Ben, Bennett, M.F., Berkovic, S.F., Isidor, B., Bouman, A., Brilstra, E., Ø, L. Busk, Cairns, A., Caumes, R., Chatron, N., Dale, R.C., Geus, C. de, Edery, P., Gill, D., Granild-Jensen, J.B., Gunderson, L., Gunning, B., Heimer, G., Helle, J.R., Hildebrand, M.S., Hollingsworth, G., Kharytonov, V., Klee, E.W., Koeleman, B.P.C., Koolen, D.A., Korff, C., Küry, S., Lesca, G., Lev, D., Leventer, R.J., Mackay, M.T., Macke, E.L., McEntagart, M., Mohammad, S.S., Monin, P., Montomoli, M., Morava, E., Moutton, S., Muir, A.M., Parrini, E., Procopis, P., Ranza, E., Reed, L., Reif, P.S., Rosenow, F., Rossi, M., Sadleir, L.G., Sadoway, T., Schelhaas, H.J., Schneider, A.L., Shah, K., Shalev, R., Sisodiya, S.M., Smol, T., Stumpel, C., Stuurman, K., Symonds, J.D., Mau-Them, F.T., Verbeek, N., Verhoeven, J.S., Wallace, G., Yosovich, K., Zarate, Y.A., Zerem, A., Zuberi, S.M., Guerrini, R., Mefford, H.C., Patel, C., Zhang, Y.H., Møller, R.S., Scheffer, I.E., Stamberger, H., Hammer, T.B., Gardella, E., Vlaskamp, D.R.M., Bertelsen, B., Mandelstam, S., Lange, I. de, Zhang, J., Myers, C.T., Fenger, C., Afawi, Z., Fuerte, E.P. Almanza, Andrade, D.M., Balcik, Y., Zeev, B. Ben, Bennett, M.F., Berkovic, S.F., Isidor, B., Bouman, A., Brilstra, E., Ø, L. Busk, Cairns, A., Caumes, R., Chatron, N., Dale, R.C., Geus, C. de, Edery, P., Gill, D., Granild-Jensen, J.B., Gunderson, L., Gunning, B., Heimer, G., Helle, J.R., Hildebrand, M.S., Hollingsworth, G., Kharytonov, V., Klee, E.W., Koeleman, B.P.C., Koolen, D.A., Korff, C., Küry, S., Lesca, G., Lev, D., Leventer, R.J., Mackay, M.T., Macke, E.L., McEntagart, M., Mohammad, S.S., Monin, P., Montomoli, M., Morava, E., Moutton, S., Muir, A.M., Parrini, E., Procopis, P., Ranza, E., Reed, L., Reif, P.S., Rosenow, F., Rossi, M., Sadleir, L.G., Sadoway, T., Schelhaas, H.J., Schneider, A.L., Shah, K., Shalev, R., Sisodiya, S.M., Smol, T., Stumpel, C., Stuurman, K., Symonds, J.D., Mau-Them, F.T., Verbeek, N., Verhoeven, J.S., Wallace, G., Yosovich, K., Zarate, Y.A., Zerem, A., Zuberi, S.M., Guerrini, R., Mefford, H.C., Patel, C., Zhang, Y.H., Møller, R.S., and Scheffer, I.E.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 231688.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), PURPOSE: Pathogenic variants in the X-linked gene NEXMIF (previously KIAA2022) are associated with intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder, and epilepsy. We aimed to delineate the female and male phenotypic spectrum of NEXMIF encephalopathy. METHODS: Through an international collaboration, we analyzed the phenotypes and genotypes of 87 patients with NEXMIF encephalopathy. RESULTS: Sixty-three females and 24 males (46 new patients) with NEXMIF encephalopathy were studied, with 30 novel variants. Phenotypic features included developmental delay/ID in 86/87 (99%), seizures in 71/86 (83%) and multiple comorbidities. Generalized seizures predominated including myoclonic seizures and absence seizures (both 46/70, 66%), absence with eyelid myoclonia (17/70, 24%), and atonic seizures (30/70, 43%). Males had more severe developmental impairment; females had epilepsy more frequently, and varied from unaffected to severely affected. All NEXMIF pathogenic variants led to a premature stop codon or were deleterious structural variants. Most arose de novo, although X-linked segregation occurred for both sexes. Somatic mosaicism occurred in two males and a family with suspected parental mosaicism. CONCLUSION: NEXMIF encephalopathy is an X-linked, generalized developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by myoclonic-atonic epilepsy overlapping with eyelid myoclonia with absence. Some patients have developmental encephalopathy without epilepsy. Males have more severe developmental impairment. NEXMIF encephalopathy arises due to loss-of-function variants.

Published
2021

4. Clinical and genetic spectrum of SCN2A-associated episodic ataxia

Author

Schwarz, N., Bast, T., Gaily, E., Golla, G., Gorman, K. M., Griffiths, L. R., Hahn, A., Hukin, J., King, M., Korff, C., Miranda, M. J., Møller, R. S., Neubauer, B., Smith, R. A., Smol, T., Striano, P., Stroud, B., Vaccarezza, M., Kluger, G., Lerche, H., Fazeli, W., Schwarz, N., Bast, T., Gaily, E., Golla, G., Gorman, K. M., Griffiths, L. R., Hahn, A., Hukin, J., King, M., Korff, C., Miranda, M. J., Møller, R. S., Neubauer, B., Smith, R. A., Smol, T., Striano, P., Stroud, B., Vaccarezza, M., Kluger, G., Lerche, H., and Fazeli, W.

Abstract

Background: Pathogenic variants in SCN2A are associated with various neurological disorders including epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Few reports have recently described SCN2A-associated episodic ataxia (EA). Our study identifies its broader clinical and genetic spectrum, and describes pharmacological approaches. Results: We report 21 patients with SCN2A-associated EA, of which 9 are unpublished cases. The large majority of patients present with epileptic seizures (18/21, 86%), often starting within the first three months of life (12/18, 67%). In contrast, onset of episodic ataxia ranged from 10 months to 14 years of age. The frequency of EA episodes ranged from brief, daily events up to 1–2 episodes per year each lasting several weeks. Potential triggers include minor head traumas and sleep deprivation. Cognitive outcome is favorable in most patients with normal or mildly impaired cognitive development in 17/21 patients (81%). No clear genotype–phenotype correlations were identified in this cohort. However, two mutational hotspots were identified, i.e. 7/21 patients (33%) harbor the identical pathogenic variant p.A263V, whereas 5/21 (24%) carry pathogenic variants that affect the S4 segment and its cytoplasmic loop within the domain IV. In addition, we identified six novel pathogenic variants in SCN2A. While acetazolamide was previously reported as beneficial in SCN2A-associated EA in one case, our data show a conflicting response in 8 additional patients treated with acetazolamide: three of them profited from acetazolamide treatment, while 5/8 did not. Conclusions: Our study describes the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of SCN2A-associated EA, identifies two mutational hotspots and shows positive effects of acetazolamide in about 50%.

Published
2019

5. Clinical and genetic spectrum of SCN2A-associated episodic ataxia

Author

Schwarz, N., Bast, T., Gaily, E., Golla, G., Gorman, K. M., Griffiths, L. R., Hahn, A., Hukin, J., King, M., Korff, C., Miranda, M. J., Moller, R. S., Neubauer, B., Smith, R. A., Smol, T., Striano, P., Stroud, B., Vaccarezza, M., Kluger, G., Lerche, H., Fazeli, W., Schwarz, N., Bast, T., Gaily, E., Golla, G., Gorman, K. M., Griffiths, L. R., Hahn, A., Hukin, J., King, M., Korff, C., Miranda, M. J., Moller, R. S., Neubauer, B., Smith, R. A., Smol, T., Striano, P., Stroud, B., Vaccarezza, M., Kluger, G., Lerche, H., and Fazeli, W.

Abstract

Background: Pathogenic variants in SCN2A are associated with various neurological disorders including epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Few reports have recently described SCN2A-associated episodic ataxia (EA). Our study identifies its broader clinical and genetic spectrum, and describes pharmacological approaches. Results: We report 21 patients with SCN2A-associated EA, of which 9 are unpublished cases. The large majority of patients present with epileptic seizures (18/21, 86%), often starting within the first three months of life (12/18, 67%). In contrast, onset of episodic ataxia ranged from 10 months to 14 years of age. The frequency of EA episodes ranged from brief, daily events up to 1-2 episodes per year each lasting several weeks. Potential triggers include minor head traumas and sleep deprivation. Cognitive outcome is favorable in most patients with normal or mildly impaired cognitive development in 17/21 patients (81%). No clear genotype-phenotype correlations were identified in this cohort. However, two mutational hotspots were identified, i.e. 7/21 patients (33%) harbor the identical pathogenic variant p.A263V, whereas 5/21 (24%) carry pathogenic variants that affect the S4 segment and its cytoplasmic loop within the domain IV. In addition, we identified six novel pathogenic variants in SCN2A. While acetazolamide was previously reported as beneficial in SCN2A-associated EA in one case, our data show a conflicting response in 8 additional patients treated with acetazolamide: three of them profited from acetazolamide treatment, while 5/8 did not. Conclusions: Our study describes the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of SCN2A-associated EA, identifies two mutational hotspots and shows positive effects of acetazolamide in about 50%. (C) 2019 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2019

6. Clinical and genetic spectrum of SCN2A-associated episodic ataxia

Author

Schwarz, N., Bast, T., Gaily, E., Golla, G., Gorman, K. M., Griffiths, L. R., Hahn, A., Hukin, J., King, M., Korff, C., Miranda, M. J., Moller, R. S., Neubauer, B., Smith, R. A., Smol, T., Striano, P., Stroud, B., Vaccarezza, M., Kluger, G., Lerche, H., Fazeli, W., Schwarz, N., Bast, T., Gaily, E., Golla, G., Gorman, K. M., Griffiths, L. R., Hahn, A., Hukin, J., King, M., Korff, C., Miranda, M. J., Moller, R. S., Neubauer, B., Smith, R. A., Smol, T., Striano, P., Stroud, B., Vaccarezza, M., Kluger, G., Lerche, H., and Fazeli, W.

Abstract

Background: Pathogenic variants in SCN2A are associated with various neurological disorders including epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Few reports have recently described SCN2A-associated episodic ataxia (EA). Our study identifies its broader clinical and genetic spectrum, and describes pharmacological approaches. Results: We report 21 patients with SCN2A-associated EA, of which 9 are unpublished cases. The large majority of patients present with epileptic seizures (18/21, 86%), often starting within the first three months of life (12/18, 67%). In contrast, onset of episodic ataxia ranged from 10 months to 14 years of age. The frequency of EA episodes ranged from brief, daily events up to 1-2 episodes per year each lasting several weeks. Potential triggers include minor head traumas and sleep deprivation. Cognitive outcome is favorable in most patients with normal or mildly impaired cognitive development in 17/21 patients (81%). No clear genotype-phenotype correlations were identified in this cohort. However, two mutational hotspots were identified, i.e. 7/21 patients (33%) harbor the identical pathogenic variant p.A263V, whereas 5/21 (24%) carry pathogenic variants that affect the S4 segment and its cytoplasmic loop within the domain IV. In addition, we identified six novel pathogenic variants in SCN2A. While acetazolamide was previously reported as beneficial in SCN2A-associated EA in one case, our data show a conflicting response in 8 additional patients treated with acetazolamide: three of them profited from acetazolamide treatment, while 5/8 did not. Conclusions: Our study describes the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of SCN2A-associated EA, identifies two mutational hotspots and shows positive effects of acetazolamide in about 50%. (C) 2019 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2019

7. Characterization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects by clinical features, flow cytometry, and automated image analysis

Author

Knaus, A. (Alexej), Pantel, J.T. (Jean Tori), Pendziwiat, M. (Manuela), Hajjir, N. (Nurulhuda), Zhao, M. (Max), Hsieh, T.-C. (Tzung-Chien), Schubach, M. (Max), Gurovich, Y. (Yaron), Fleischer, N. (Nicole), Jäger, M. (Marten), Köhler, S. (Sebastian), Muhle, H. (Hiltrud), Korff, C. (Christian), Møller, R.S. (Rikke S.), Bayat, A. (Allan), Calvas, P. (Patrick), Chassaing, N. (Nicolas), Warren, H. (Hannah), Skinner, S. (Steven), Louie, R. (Raymond), Evers, C. (Christina), Bohn, M. (Marc), Christen, H.-J. (Hans-Jürgen), Born, M. (Myrthe) van den, Obersztyn, E. (Ewa), Charzewska, A. (Agnieszka), Endziniene, M. (Milda), Kortüm, F. (Fanny), Brown, N. (Natasha), Robinson, P.N. (Peter N.), Schelhaas, H.J. (Helenius), Weber, Y. (Yvonne), Helbig, I. (Ingo), Mundlos, S. (Stefan), Horn, D. (Denise), Krawitz, P., Knaus, A. (Alexej), Pantel, J.T. (Jean Tori), Pendziwiat, M. (Manuela), Hajjir, N. (Nurulhuda), Zhao, M. (Max), Hsieh, T.-C. (Tzung-Chien), Schubach, M. (Max), Gurovich, Y. (Yaron), Fleischer, N. (Nicole), Jäger, M. (Marten), Köhler, S. (Sebastian), Muhle, H. (Hiltrud), Korff, C. (Christian), Møller, R.S. (Rikke S.), Bayat, A. (Allan), Calvas, P. (Patrick), Chassaing, N. (Nicolas), Warren, H. (Hannah), Skinner, S. (Steven), Louie, R. (Raymond), Evers, C. (Christina), Bohn, M. (Marc), Christen, H.-J. (Hans-Jürgen), Born, M. (Myrthe) van den, Obersztyn, E. (Ewa), Charzewska, A. (Agnieszka), Endziniene, M. (Milda), Kortüm, F. (Fanny), Brown, N. (Natasha), Robinson, P.N. (Peter N.), Schelhaas, H.J. (Helenius), Weber, Y. (Yvonne), Helbig, I. (Ingo), Mundlos, S. (Stefan), Horn, D. (Denise), and Krawitz, P.

Abstract

Background: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects (GPIBDs) cause a group of phenotypically overlapping recessive syndromes with intellectual disability, for which pathogenic mutations have been described in 16 genes of the corresponding molecular pathway. An elevated serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), a GPI-linked enzyme, has been used to assign GPIBDs to the phenotypic series of hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome (HPMRS) and to distinguish them from another subset of GPIBDs, termed multiple congenital anomalies hypotonia seizures syndrome (MCAHS). However, the increasing number of individuals with a GPIBD shows that hyperphosphatasia is a variable feature that is not ideal for a clinical classification. Methods: We studied the discriminatory power of multiple GPI-linked substrates that were assessed by flow cytometry in blood cells and fibroblasts of 39 and 14 individuals with a GPIBD, respectively. On the phenotypic level, we evaluated the frequency of occurrence of clinical symptoms and analyzed the performance of computer-assisted image analysis of the facial gestalt in 91 individuals. Results: We found that certain malformations such as Morbus Hirschsprung and diaphragmatic defects are more likely to be associated with particular gene defects (PIGV, PGAP3, PIGN). However, especially at the severe end of the clinical spectrum of HPMRS, there is a high phenotypic overlap with MCAHS. Elevation of AP has also been documented in some of the individuals with MCAHS, namely those with PIGA mutations. Although the impairment of GPI-linked substrates is supposed to play the key role in the pathophysiology of GPIBDs, we could not observe gene-specific profiles for flow cytometric markers or a correlation between their cell surface levels and the severity of the phenotype. In contrast, it was facial recognition software that achieved the highest accuracy in predicting the disease-causing gene in a GPIBD. Conclusions: Due to the overlap

Published
2018
Full Text
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8. Characterization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects by clinical features, flow cytometry, and automated image analysis

Author

Knaus, A, Pantel, JT, Pendziwiat, M, Hajjir, N, Zhao, M, Hsieh, T-C, Schubach, M, Gurovich, Y, Fleischer, N, Jaeger, M, Koehler, S, Muhle, H, Korff, C, Moller, RS, Bayat, A, Calvas, P, Chassaing, N, Warren, H, Skinner, S, Louie, R, Evers, C, Bohn, M, Christen, H-J, van den Born, M, Obersztyn, E, Charzewska, A, Endziniene, M, Kortuem, F, Brown, N, Robinson, PN, Schelhaas, HJ, Weber, Y, Helbig, I, Mundlos, S, Horn, D, Krawitz, PM, Knaus, A, Pantel, JT, Pendziwiat, M, Hajjir, N, Zhao, M, Hsieh, T-C, Schubach, M, Gurovich, Y, Fleischer, N, Jaeger, M, Koehler, S, Muhle, H, Korff, C, Moller, RS, Bayat, A, Calvas, P, Chassaing, N, Warren, H, Skinner, S, Louie, R, Evers, C, Bohn, M, Christen, H-J, van den Born, M, Obersztyn, E, Charzewska, A, Endziniene, M, Kortuem, F, Brown, N, Robinson, PN, Schelhaas, HJ, Weber, Y, Helbig, I, Mundlos, S, Horn, D, and Krawitz, PM

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects (GPIBDs) cause a group of phenotypically overlapping recessive syndromes with intellectual disability, for which pathogenic mutations have been described in 16 genes of the corresponding molecular pathway. An elevated serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), a GPI-linked enzyme, has been used to assign GPIBDs to the phenotypic series of hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome (HPMRS) and to distinguish them from another subset of GPIBDs, termed multiple congenital anomalies hypotonia seizures syndrome (MCAHS). However, the increasing number of individuals with a GPIBD shows that hyperphosphatasia is a variable feature that is not ideal for a clinical classification. METHODS: We studied the discriminatory power of multiple GPI-linked substrates that were assessed by flow cytometry in blood cells and fibroblasts of 39 and 14 individuals with a GPIBD, respectively. On the phenotypic level, we evaluated the frequency of occurrence of clinical symptoms and analyzed the performance of computer-assisted image analysis of the facial gestalt in 91 individuals. RESULTS: We found that certain malformations such as Morbus Hirschsprung and diaphragmatic defects are more likely to be associated with particular gene defects (PIGV, PGAP3, PIGN). However, especially at the severe end of the clinical spectrum of HPMRS, there is a high phenotypic overlap with MCAHS. Elevation of AP has also been documented in some of the individuals with MCAHS, namely those with PIGA mutations. Although the impairment of GPI-linked substrates is supposed to play the key role in the pathophysiology of GPIBDs, we could not observe gene-specific profiles for flow cytometric markers or a correlation between their cell surface levels and the severity of the phenotype. In contrast, it was facial recognition software that achieved the highest accuracy in predicting the disease-causing gene in a GPIBD. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the overlap

Published
2018

9. Characterization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects by clinical features, flow cytometry, and automated image analysis

Author

Knaus, A, Pantel, JT, Pendziwiat, M, Hajjir, N, Zhao, M, Hsieh, TC (Tzung-Chien), Schubach, M, Gurovich, Y, Fleischer, N, Jager, M, Kohler, S, Muhle, H, Korff, C, Moller, RS, Bayat, A, Calvas, P, Chassaing, N, Warren, H, Skinner, S, Louie, R, Evers, C, Bohn, M, Christen, HJ, van den Born, Myrthe, Obersztyn, E, Charzewska, A, Endziniene, M, Kortum, F, Brown, N, Robinson, PN, Schelhaas, HJ, Weber, Y, Helbig, I, Mundlos, S, Horn, D, Krawitz, PM, Knaus, A, Pantel, JT, Pendziwiat, M, Hajjir, N, Zhao, M, Hsieh, TC (Tzung-Chien), Schubach, M, Gurovich, Y, Fleischer, N, Jager, M, Kohler, S, Muhle, H, Korff, C, Moller, RS, Bayat, A, Calvas, P, Chassaing, N, Warren, H, Skinner, S, Louie, R, Evers, C, Bohn, M, Christen, HJ, van den Born, Myrthe, Obersztyn, E, Charzewska, A, Endziniene, M, Kortum, F, Brown, N, Robinson, PN, Schelhaas, HJ, Weber, Y, Helbig, I, Mundlos, S, Horn, D, and Krawitz, PM

Published
2018

10. Genetic and phenotypic dissection of 1q43q44 microdeletion syndrome and neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with mutations in ZBTB18 and HNRNPU

Author

Depienne, C, Nava, C, Keren, B, Heide, S, Rastetter, A, Passemard, S, Chantot-Bastaraud, S, Moutard, M-L, Agrawal, PB, VanNoy, G, Stoler, JM, Amor, DJ, de Villemeur, TB, Doummar, D, Alby, C, Cormier-Daire, V, Garel, C, Marzin, P, Scheidecker, S, de Saint-Martin, A, Hirsch, E, Korff, C, Bottani, A, Faivre, L, Verloes, A, Orzechowski, C, Burglen, L, Leheup, B, Roume, J, Andrieux, J, Sheth, F, Datar, C, Parker, MJ, Pasquier, L, Odent, S, Naudion, S, Delrue, M-A, Le Caignec, C, Vincent, M, Isidor, B, Renaldo, F, Stewart, F, Toutain, A, Koehler, U, Hackl, B, von Stulpnagel, C, Kluger, G, Moller, RS, Pal, D, Jonson, T, Soller, M, Verbeek, NE, van Haelst, MM, de Kovel, C, Koeleman, B, Monroe, G, van Haaften, G, Study, DDD, Attie-Bitach, T, Boutaud, L, Heron, D, Mignot, C, Depienne, C, Nava, C, Keren, B, Heide, S, Rastetter, A, Passemard, S, Chantot-Bastaraud, S, Moutard, M-L, Agrawal, PB, VanNoy, G, Stoler, JM, Amor, DJ, de Villemeur, TB, Doummar, D, Alby, C, Cormier-Daire, V, Garel, C, Marzin, P, Scheidecker, S, de Saint-Martin, A, Hirsch, E, Korff, C, Bottani, A, Faivre, L, Verloes, A, Orzechowski, C, Burglen, L, Leheup, B, Roume, J, Andrieux, J, Sheth, F, Datar, C, Parker, MJ, Pasquier, L, Odent, S, Naudion, S, Delrue, M-A, Le Caignec, C, Vincent, M, Isidor, B, Renaldo, F, Stewart, F, Toutain, A, Koehler, U, Hackl, B, von Stulpnagel, C, Kluger, G, Moller, RS, Pal, D, Jonson, T, Soller, M, Verbeek, NE, van Haelst, MM, de Kovel, C, Koeleman, B, Monroe, G, van Haaften, G, Study, DDD, Attie-Bitach, T, Boutaud, L, Heron, D, and Mignot, C

Abstract

Subtelomeric 1q43q44 microdeletions cause a syndrome associating intellectual disability, microcephaly, seizures and anomalies of the corpus callosum. Despite several previous studies assessing genotype-phenotype correlations, the contribution of genes located in this region to the specific features of this syndrome remains uncertain. Among those, three genes, AKT3, HNRNPU and ZBTB18 are highly expressed in the brain and point mutations in these genes have been recently identified in children with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. In this study, we report the clinical and molecular data from 17 patients with 1q43q44 microdeletions, four with ZBTB18 mutations and seven with HNRNPU mutations, and review additional data from 37 previously published patients with 1q43q44 microdeletions. We compare clinical data of patients with 1q43q44 microdeletions with those of patients with point mutations in HNRNPU and ZBTB18 to assess the contribution of each gene as well as the possibility of epistasis between genes. Our study demonstrates that AKT3 haploinsufficiency is the main driver for microcephaly, whereas HNRNPU alteration mostly drives epilepsy and determines the degree of intellectual disability. ZBTB18 deletions or mutations are associated with variable corpus callosum anomalies with an incomplete penetrance. ZBTB18 may also contribute to microcephaly and HNRNPU to thin corpus callosum, but with a lower penetrance. Co-deletion of contiguous genes has additive effects. Our results confirm and refine the complex genotype-phenotype correlations existing in the 1qter microdeletion syndrome and define more precisely the neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with genetic alterations of AKT3, ZBTB18 and HNRNPU in humans.

Published
2017

11. DE NOVO LOSS- OR GAIN-OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS IN KCNA2 CAUSE EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

Author

Syrbe, S., Hedrich, U., Riesch, E., Djemie, T., Mueller, S., Moller, R. S., Maher, B., Hernandez-Hernandez, L., Synofzik, M., Caglayan, H., Arslan, M., Serratosa, J., Nothnagel, M., May, P., Krause, R., Loeffler, H., Detert, K., Dorn, T., Vogt, H., Kraemer, G., Schoels, L., Mullis, P., Linnankivi, T., Lehesjoki, A. -E., Sterbova, K., Craiu, D., Hoffman-Zacharska, D., Korff, C., Weber, Y., Steinlin, M., Gallati, S., Bertsche, A., Bernhard, M., Merkenschlager, A., Kiess, W., Gonzalez, M., Zuechner, S., Palotie, A., Suls, A., De Jonghe, P., Helbig, I., Biskup, S., Wolff, M., Maljevic, S., Schuele, R., Sisodiya, S., Weckhuysen, S., Lerche, H., Lemke, J., Syrbe, S., Hedrich, U., Riesch, E., Djemie, T., Mueller, S., Moller, R. S., Maher, B., Hernandez-Hernandez, L., Synofzik, M., Caglayan, H., Arslan, M., Serratosa, J., Nothnagel, M., May, P., Krause, R., Loeffler, H., Detert, K., Dorn, T., Vogt, H., Kraemer, G., Schoels, L., Mullis, P., Linnankivi, T., Lehesjoki, A. -E., Sterbova, K., Craiu, D., Hoffman-Zacharska, D., Korff, C., Weber, Y., Steinlin, M., Gallati, S., Bertsche, A., Bernhard, M., Merkenschlager, A., Kiess, W., Gonzalez, M., Zuechner, S., Palotie, A., Suls, A., De Jonghe, P., Helbig, I., Biskup, S., Wolff, M., Maljevic, S., Schuele, R., Sisodiya, S., Weckhuysen, S., Lerche, H., and Lemke, J.

Published
2015

12. DE NOVO LOSS- OR GAIN-OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS IN KCNA2 CAUSE EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

Author

Syrbe, S., Hedrich, U., Riesch, E., Djemie, T., Mueller, S., Moller, R. S., Maher, B., Hernandez-Hernandez, L., Synofzik, M., Caglayan, H., Arslan, M., Serratosa, J., Nothnagel, M., May, P., Krause, R., Loeffler, H., Detert, K., Dorn, T., Vogt, H., Kraemer, G., Schoels, L., Mullis, P., Linnankivi, T., Lehesjoki, A. -E., Sterbova, K., Craiu, D., Hoffman-Zacharska, D., Korff, C., Weber, Y., Steinlin, M., Gallati, S., Bertsche, A., Bernhard, M., Merkenschlager, A., Kiess, W., Gonzalez, M., Zuechner, S., Palotie, A., Suls, A., De Jonghe, P., Helbig, I., Biskup, S., Wolff, M., Maljevic, S., Schuele, R., Sisodiya, S., Weckhuysen, S., Lerche, H., Lemke, J., Syrbe, S., Hedrich, U., Riesch, E., Djemie, T., Mueller, S., Moller, R. S., Maher, B., Hernandez-Hernandez, L., Synofzik, M., Caglayan, H., Arslan, M., Serratosa, J., Nothnagel, M., May, P., Krause, R., Loeffler, H., Detert, K., Dorn, T., Vogt, H., Kraemer, G., Schoels, L., Mullis, P., Linnankivi, T., Lehesjoki, A. -E., Sterbova, K., Craiu, D., Hoffman-Zacharska, D., Korff, C., Weber, Y., Steinlin, M., Gallati, S., Bertsche, A., Bernhard, M., Merkenschlager, A., Kiess, W., Gonzalez, M., Zuechner, S., Palotie, A., Suls, A., De Jonghe, P., Helbig, I., Biskup, S., Wolff, M., Maljevic, S., Schuele, R., Sisodiya, S., Weckhuysen, S., Lerche, H., and Lemke, J.

Published
2015

13. DE NOVO LOSS- OR GAIN-OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS IN KCNA2 CAUSE EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

Author

Syrbe, S., Hedrich, U., Riesch, E., Djemie, T., Mueller, S., Moller, R. S., Maher, B., Hernandez-Hernandez, L., Synofzik, M., Caglayan, H., Arslan, M., Serratosa, J., Nothnagel, M., May, P., Krause, R., Loeffler, H., Detert, K., Dorn, T., Vogt, H., Kraemer, G., Schoels, L., Mullis, P., Linnankivi, T., Lehesjoki, A. -E., Sterbova, K., Craiu, D., Hoffman-Zacharska, D., Korff, C., Weber, Y., Steinlin, M., Gallati, S., Bertsche, A., Bernhard, M., Merkenschlager, A., Kiess, W., Gonzalez, M., Zuechner, S., Palotie, A., Suls, A., De Jonghe, P., Helbig, I., Biskup, S., Wolff, M., Maljevic, S., Schuele, R., Sisodiya, S., Weckhuysen, S., Lerche, H., Lemke, J., Syrbe, S., Hedrich, U., Riesch, E., Djemie, T., Mueller, S., Moller, R. S., Maher, B., Hernandez-Hernandez, L., Synofzik, M., Caglayan, H., Arslan, M., Serratosa, J., Nothnagel, M., May, P., Krause, R., Loeffler, H., Detert, K., Dorn, T., Vogt, H., Kraemer, G., Schoels, L., Mullis, P., Linnankivi, T., Lehesjoki, A. -E., Sterbova, K., Craiu, D., Hoffman-Zacharska, D., Korff, C., Weber, Y., Steinlin, M., Gallati, S., Bertsche, A., Bernhard, M., Merkenschlager, A., Kiess, W., Gonzalez, M., Zuechner, S., Palotie, A., Suls, A., De Jonghe, P., Helbig, I., Biskup, S., Wolff, M., Maljevic, S., Schuele, R., Sisodiya, S., Weckhuysen, S., Lerche, H., and Lemke, J.

Published
2015

14. DE NOVO LOSS- OR GAIN-OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS IN KCNA2 CAUSE EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

Author

Syrbe, S., Hedrich, U., Riesch, E., Djemie, T., Mueller, S., Moller, R. S., Maher, B., Hernandez-Hernandez, L., Synofzik, M., Caglayan, H., Arslan, M., Serratosa, J., Nothnagel, M., May, P., Krause, R., Loeffler, H., Detert, K., Dorn, T., Vogt, H., Kraemer, G., Schoels, L., Mullis, P., Linnankivi, T., Lehesjoki, A. -E., Sterbova, K., Craiu, D., Hoffman-Zacharska, D., Korff, C., Weber, Y., Steinlin, M., Gallati, S., Bertsche, A., Bernhard, M., Merkenschlager, A., Kiess, W., Gonzalez, M., Zuechner, S., Palotie, A., Suls, A., De Jonghe, P., Helbig, I., Biskup, S., Wolff, M., Maljevic, S., Schuele, R., Sisodiya, S., Weckhuysen, S., Lerche, H., Lemke, J., Syrbe, S., Hedrich, U., Riesch, E., Djemie, T., Mueller, S., Moller, R. S., Maher, B., Hernandez-Hernandez, L., Synofzik, M., Caglayan, H., Arslan, M., Serratosa, J., Nothnagel, M., May, P., Krause, R., Loeffler, H., Detert, K., Dorn, T., Vogt, H., Kraemer, G., Schoels, L., Mullis, P., Linnankivi, T., Lehesjoki, A. -E., Sterbova, K., Craiu, D., Hoffman-Zacharska, D., Korff, C., Weber, Y., Steinlin, M., Gallati, S., Bertsche, A., Bernhard, M., Merkenschlager, A., Kiess, W., Gonzalez, M., Zuechner, S., Palotie, A., Suls, A., De Jonghe, P., Helbig, I., Biskup, S., Wolff, M., Maljevic, S., Schuele, R., Sisodiya, S., Weckhuysen, S., Lerche, H., and Lemke, J.

Published
2015

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