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Background and purpose: Various electrodiagnostic criteria have been developed in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). Their performance in a broad representation of GBS patients has not been evaluated. Motor conduction data from the International GBS Outcome Study (IGOS) cohort were used to compare two widely used criterion sets and relate these to diagnostic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis criteria. Methods: From the first 1500 patients in IGOS, nerve conduction studies from 1137 (75.8%) were available for the current study. These patients were classified according to nerve conduction studies criteria proposed by Hadden and Rajabally. Results: Of the 1137 studies, 68.3% (N = 777) were classified identically according to criteria by Hadden and Rajabally: 111 (9.8%) axonal, 366 (32.2%) demyelinating, 195 (17.2%) equivocal, 35 (3.1%) inexcitable and 70 (6.2%) normal. Thus, 360 studies (31.7%) were classified differently. The areas of differences were as follows: 155 studies (13.6%) classified as demyelinating by Hadden and axonal by Rajabally; 122 studies (10.7%) classified as demyelinating by Hadden and equivocal by Rajabally; and 75 studies (6.6%) classified as equivocal by Hadden and axonal by Rajabally. Due to more strictly defined cutoffs fewer patients fulfilled demyelinating criteria by Rajabally than by Hadden, making more patients eligible for axonal or equivocal classification by Rajabally. In 234 (68.6%) axonal studies by Rajabally the revised El Escorial (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) criteria were fulfilled; in axonal cases by Hadden this was 1.8%. Conclusions and discussion: This study shows that electrodiagnosis in GBS is dependent on the criterion set utilized, both of which are based on expert opinion. Reappraisal of electrodiagnostic subtyping in GBS is warranted.

Purpose: This white paper provides guidance regarding the process for establishing and maintaining international collaborations to conduct oncology/neurology-focused chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) research. Methods: An international multidisciplinary group of CIPN scientists, clinicians, research administrators, and legal experts have pooled their collective knowledge regarding recommendations for establishing and maintaining international collaboration to foster advancement of CIPN science. Results: Experts provide recommendations in 10 categories: (1) preclinical and (2) clinical research collaboration; (3) collaborators and consortiums; (4) communication; (5) funding; (6) international regulatory standards; (7) staff training; (8) data management, quality control, and data sharing; (9) dissemination across disciplines and countries; and (10) additional recommendations about feasibility, policy, and mentorship. Conclusion: Recommendations to establish and maintain international CIPN research collaboration will promote the inclusion of more diverse research participants, increasing consideration of cultural and genetic factors that are essential to inform innovative precision medicine interventions and propel scientific discovery to benefit cancer survivors worldwide. Relevance to inform research policy: Our suggested guidelines for establishing and maintaining international collaborations to conduct oncology/neurology-focused chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) research set forth a challenge to multinational science, clinical, and policy leaders to (1) develop simple, streamlined research designs; (2) address logistical barriers; (3) simplify and standardize regulatory requirements across countries; (4) increase funding to support international collaboration; and (5) foster faculty mentorship.

Eingriffe zur Implantation von Herzschrittmachern, ICD- und CRT-Geräten sind in Deutschland Routineeingriffe. Ziel der Arbeit ist zu evaluieren, welche potenziellen Risikofaktoren einschließlich des EuroScores die optimale Abschätzung zur Notwendigkeit einer akuten Intervention bei den Eingriffen erlauben. Es zeigte sich, dass eine reduzierte LVEF, ein niedriger BMI sowie die Operationsart Prädiktoren für die Notwendigkeit einer akuten Intervention bei den Eingriffen sind., Procedures for the implantation of pacemakers as well as ICD and CRT devices are routine procedures in Germany. The aim of the work is to evaluate which potential risk factors, including the EuroScore, allow the optimal estimation of the need for acute Intervention presence in these procedures. The study shows that reduced LVEF, a low BMI and the type of surgery are predictors for the need for anesthesiologic presence in the procedures

The Hunting Outbursting Young Stars (HOYS) project performs long-term, optical, multi-filter, high cadence monitoring of 25 nearby young clusters and star forming regions. Utilising Gaia DR3 data we have identified about 17000 potential young stellar members in 45 coherent astrometric groups in these fields. Twenty one of them are clear young groups or clusters of stars within one kiloparsec and they contain 9143 Gaia selected potential members. The cluster distances, proper motions and membership numbers are determined. We analyse long term (≈ 7 yr) V, R, and I-band light curves from HOYS for 1687 of the potential cluster members. One quarter of the stars are variable in all three optical filters, and two thirds of these have light curves that are symmetric around the mean. Light curves affected by obscuration from circumstellar materials are more common than those affected by accretion bursts, by a factor of 2 – 4. The variability fraction in the clusters ranges from 10 to almost 100 percent, and correlates positively with the fraction of stars with detectable inner disks, indicating that a lot of variability is driven by the disk. About one in six variables shows detectable periodicity, mostly caused by magnetic spots. Two thirds of the periodic variables with disk excess emission are slow rotators, and amongst the stars without disk excess two thirds are fast rotators – in agreement with rotation being slowed down by the presence of a disk.

Solid state reactions are notoriously slow, because the rate‐limiting step is diffusion of atoms or ions through reactant, intermediate, and product crystalline phases. This requires days or even weeks of high temperature treatment, consuming large amounts of energy. Metal oxides are particularly difficult to react, because they have high melting points. The study reports a high‐speed solid state fluorination of WO₃ with Teflon to the oxyfluorides WO₃₋ₓFx on a minute (<10 min) scale by spark plasma sintering, a technique that is used typically for a high‐speed consolidation of powders. Automated electron diffraction analysis reveals an orthorhombic ReO₃‐type structure of WO₃₋ₓFx with F atom disorder as demonstrated by ¹⁹F magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The potential of this new approach is demonstrated by the following results. i) Mixed‐ valent tungsten oxide fluorides WO₃₋ₓFx with high F content (0 < x < 0.65) are obtained as metastable products in copious amounts within minutes. ii) The spark plasma sintering technique yields WO₃₋ₓFx nanoparticles with high photocatalytic activity, whereas the corresponding bulk phases obtained by conventional solid‐state (ampoule) reactions have no photocatalytic activity. iii) The catalytic activity is caused by the microstructure originating from the processing by spark plasma sintering.

Multiple parabolic sand dune fields formed in Arctic Sweden after the last deglaciation, facilitated by an abundance of loose glaciofluvial sediment, limited vegetation cover and strong winds. Following initial stabilisation, these dunes underwent repeated reworking after fire events, as evidenced by the presence of buried soils, charcoal layers and redeposited sands in the dune stratigraphy. These reworking events may be driven by wider climate forcing; however, to date, no chronological framework exists for this activity in Sweden. As such, here, we apply quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of Arctic Swedish sand dunes using two dunes at the sites of Vastakielinen and Jorggástat. Resultant double-SAR (single aliquot regenerative dose) quartz OSL ages are in good agreement with independent ages provided by 14C dating of charcoal fragments recovered from charcoal layers within the dunes, and we conclude that the chosen protocol is generally well suited for dating aeolian reworking of dune sediments in Arctic Sweden. While feldspar contamination limits precise age assignment for initial dune movement, our results nonetheless suggest repeated and long-lasting aeolian activity in Arctic Sweden throughout the Holocene and, although there are differences in detail, further suggest some general trends in terms of dune stability and reworking over Arctic Fennoscandia.

In obesity, sustained adipose tissue (AT) inflammation constitutes a cellular memory that limits the effectiveness of weight loss interventions. Yet, the impact of fasting regimens on the regulation of AT immune infiltration is still elusive. Here we show that intermittent fasting (IF) exacerbates the lipid-associated macrophage (LAM) inflammatory phenotype of visceral AT in obese mice. Importantly, this increase in LAM abundance is strongly p53 dependent and partly mediated by p53-driven adipocyte apoptosis. Adipocyte-specific deletion of p53 prevents LAM accumulation during IF, increases the catabolic state of adipocytes, and enhances systemic metabolic flexibility and insulin sensitivity. Finally, in cohorts of obese/diabetic patients, we describe a p53 polymorphism that links to efficacy of a fasting-mimicking diet and that the expression of p53 and TREM2 in AT negatively correlates with maintaining weight loss after bariatric surgery. Overall, our results demonstrate that p53 signalling in adipocytes dictates LAM accumulation in AT under IF and modulates fasting effectiveness in mice and humans.

This issue of OnCurating aims to shed light on the complex and often-times concealed economic basis of art production and exhibition-making. The contributions cover a range of issues from a highly speculative financial model of the art market, public funding mechanisms, and attempts of building alternative economic systems. The compilation of texts are to be read in the context of two key problems related to arts funding: The art market’s speculative value production and the state-based public funding paradigms and the reproduction of unequal relations., https://www.librarystack.org/speculations-funding-and-financing-non-profit-art/?ref=unknown

This study focuses on the understanding of art as governmental practices. It researches global and postcolonial – translocal & transcultural – contexts of contemporary artistic and curatorial practices, theoretically and through an in-depth analysis of two case studies: Philadelphia Assembled demonstrates the complicated power dynamics within collaborative artistic practices, while documenta fifteen highlights the many complex challenges that the commons approach, and thus more horizontal forms of knowledge production, bring to the art field. Reassessing the curatorial discourse of the “New Museology” since the 1990s (Bennett et al.) and incorporating feminist-influenced critiques of representation (Spivak, Haraway) and the concept of governmentality (Foucault), this dissertation introduces the concept of the “post- exhibitionary complex.” Here, exhibitions become active social spaces and contact zones that promote participatory and direct learning over traditional hierarchical methods. This approach promotes nuanced, networked forms of knowledge production and dissemination grounded in feminist materialism (“Situated Knowledges”). An analytical toolkit is introduced to evaluate exhibitionary projects and their institutional frameworks, focusing on the relationships between art, institutions, and audiences in their governmental and economic contexts. Overall, the study aims to offer an in-depth analysis of the changing landscape of art and curatorial practices in response to global political and economic shifts, highlighting the importance of transversal and post-exhibitionary approaches., https://www.librarystack.org/curating-as-governmental-practices-post-exhibitionary-practices-under-translocal-conditions-in-governmental-constellations/?ref=unknown

While the historical relationship between textile work and a gendered division of labor has recently gained prominence in art history, the parallels between the loom and the computer have received less attention. In this essay, I discuss Charlotte Johannesson’s solo show Save as Art? at Friart to explore the connections between weaving and coding as well as between radical leftist politics and 1960s–1970s countercultures., https://www.librarystack.org/weaving-abstraction/?ref=unknown

We sought to define the co-occurring mutational profile of FLT3-ITD positive (ITDpos) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in pediatric and young adult patients and to define the prognostic impact of cooperating mutations. We identified 464 patients with FLT3-ITD mutations treated on Childrens Oncology Group trials with available sequencing and outcome data. Overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and relapse risk (RR) were determined according to the presence of co-occurring risk stratifying mutations. Among the cohort, 79% of patients had co-occurring alterations across 239 different genes that were altered through mutations or fusions. Evaluation of the prognostic impact of the co-occurring mutations demonstrated that ITDpos patients experienced significantly different outcomes according to the co-occurring mutational profile. ITDpos patients harboring a co-occurring favorable risk mutation (ITDFR) of NPM1, CEBPA, t(8;21), or inv(16) experienced a 5-year EFS of 64%, which was significantly superior to patients with ITDpos and poor risk mutations (ITDPR) of WT1, UBTF or NUP98::NSD1 of 22.2% as well as those that lacked either FR or PR mutation (ITDINT) of 40.9% (p<0.001 for both). Multivariable analysis demonstrated co-occurring mutations had significant prognostic impact, while allelic ratio had no impact. Therapy intensification, specifically consolidation transplant in remission resulted in significant improvements in survival for ITDpos AML. However, ITDpos/NUP98::NSD1 patients continued to have poor outcomes with intensified therapy, including sorafenib. Co-occurring mutational profile in ITDpos AML has significant prognostic impacts is critical to determining risk stratification and therapeutic allocation for ITDpos patients.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). To date, clinical practice guidelines regarding treatment for patients with SSc-ILD are primarily consensus based. Methods: An international expert guideline committee composed of 24 individuals with expertise in rheumatology, SSc, pulmonology, ILD, or methodology, and with personal experience with SSc-ILD, discussed systematic reviews of the published evidence assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Predetermined conflict-of-interest management strategies were applied, and recommendations were made for or against specific treatment interventions exclusively by the nonconflicted panelists. The confidence in effect estimates, importance of outcomes studied, balance of desirable and undesirable consequences of treatment, cost, feasibility, acceptability of the intervention, and implications for health equity were all considered in making the recommendations. This was in accordance with the American Thoracic Society guideline development process, which is in compliance with the Institute of Medicine standards for trustworthy guidelines. Results: For treatment of patients with SSc-ILD, the committee: 1) recommends the use of mycophenolate; 2) recommends further research into the safety and efficacy of (a) pirfenidone and (b) the combination of pirfenidone plus mycophenolate; and 3) suggests the use of (a) cyclophosphamide, (b) rituximab, (c) tocilizumab, (d) nintedanib, and (e) the combination of nintedanib plus mycophenolate. Conclusions: The recommendations herein provide an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the treatment of patients with SSc-ILD and are intended to serve as the basis for informed and shared decision making by clinicians and patients.

ImportanceEarly-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as a diagnosis at younger than age 50 years, is increasing, and so-called red flag signs and symptoms among these individuals are often missed, leading to diagnostic delays. Improved recognition of presenting signs and symptoms associated with EOCRC could facilitate more timely diagnosis and impact clinical outcomes.ObjectiveTo report the frequency of presenting red flag signs and symptoms among individuals with EOCRC, to examine their association with EOCRC risk, and to measure variation in time to diagnosis from sign or symptom presentation.Data sourcesPubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from database inception through May 2023.Study selectionStudies that reported on sign and symptom presentation or time from sign and symptom presentation to diagnosis for patients younger than age 50 years diagnosed with nonhereditary CRC were included.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction and quality assessment were performed independently in duplicate for all included studies using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guidelines. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools were used to measure risk of bias. Data on frequency of signs and symptoms were pooled using a random-effects model.Main outcomes and measuresOutcomes of interest were pooled proportions of signs and symptoms in patients with EOCRC, estimates for association of signs and symptoms with EOCRC risk, and time from sign or symptom presentation to EOCRC diagnosis.ResultsOf the 12 859 unique articles initially retrieved, 81 studies with 24 908 126 patients younger than 50 years were included. The most common presenting signs and symptoms, reported by 78 included studies, were hematochezia (pooled prevalence, 45% [95% CI, 40%-50%]), abdominal pain (pooled prevalence, 40% [95% CI, 35%-45%]), and altered bowel habits (pooled prevalence, 27% [95% CI, 22%-33%]). Hematochezia (estimate r

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-mediated activation of LPA receptor 1 (LPAR1) contributes to the pathophysiology of fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). These diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality despite current treatment options. The LPA-producing enzyme autotaxin (ATX) and LPAR1 activation contribute to inflammation and mechanisms underlying fibrosis in preclinical fibrotic models. Additionally, elevated levels of LPA have been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with IPF and in serum from patients with SSc. Thus, ATX and LPAR1 have gained considerable interest as pharmaceutical targets to combat fibrotic disease and inhibitors of these targets have been investigated in clinical trials for IPF and SSc. The goals of this review are to summarise the current literature on ATX and LPAR1 signalling in pulmonary fibrosis and to help differentiate the novel inhibitors in development. The mechanisms of action of ATX and LPAR1 inhibitors are described and preclinical studies and clinical trials of these agents are outlined. Because of their contribution to numerous physiologic events underlying fibrotic disease, ATX and LPAR1 inhibition presents a promising therapeutic strategy for IPF, SSc and other fibrotic diseases that may fulfil unmet needs of the current standard of care.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-mediated activation of LPA receptor 1 (LPAR1) contributes to the pathophysiology of fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). These diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality despite current treatment options. The LPA-producing enzyme autotaxin (ATX) and LPAR1 activation contribute to inflammation and mechanisms underlying fibrosis in preclinical fibrotic models. Additionally, elevated levels of LPA have been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with IPF and in serum from patients with SSc. Thus, ATX and LPAR1 have gained considerable interest as pharmaceutical targets to combat fibrotic disease and inhibitors of these targets have been investigated in clinical trials for IPF and SSc. The goals of this review are to summarise the current literature on ATX and LPAR1 signalling in pulmonary fibrosis and to help differentiate the novel inhibitors in development. The mechanisms of action of ATX and LPAR1 inhibitors are described and preclinical studies and clinical trials of these agents are outlined. Because of their contribution to numerous physiologic events underlying fibrotic disease, ATX and LPAR1 inhibition presents a promising therapeutic strategy for IPF, SSc and other fibrotic diseases that may fulfil unmet needs of the current standard of care.

Importance: Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as a diagnosis at younger than age 50 years, is increasing, and so-called red flag signs and symptoms among these individuals are often missed, leading to diagnostic delays. Improved recognition of presenting signs and symptoms associated with EOCRC could facilitate more timely diagnosis and impact clinical outcomes. Objective: To report the frequency of presenting red flag signs and symptoms among individuals with EOCRC, to examine their association with EOCRC risk, and to measure variation in time to diagnosis from sign or symptom presentation. Data Sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from database inception through May 2023. Study Selection: Studies that reported on sign and symptom presentation or time from sign and symptom presentation to diagnosis for patients younger than age 50 years diagnosed with nonhereditary CRC were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently in duplicate for all included studies using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guidelines. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools were used to measure risk of bias. Data on frequency of signs and symptoms were pooled using a random-effects model. Main Outcomes and Measures: Outcomes of interest were pooled proportions of signs and symptoms in patients with EOCRC, estimates for association of signs and symptoms with EOCRC risk, and time from sign or symptom presentation to EOCRC diagnosis. Results: Of the 12859 unique articles initially retrieved, 81 studies with 24908126 patients younger than 50 years were included. The most common presenting signs and symptoms, reported by 78 included studies, were hematochezia (pooled prevalence, 45% [95% CI, 40%-50%]), abdominal pain (pooled prevalence, 40% [95% CI, 35%-45%]), and altered bowel habits (pooled prevalence, 27% [95% CI, 22%-33%]). Hema

In this study, we leveraged machine-learning tools by evaluating expression of genes of pharmacological relevance to standard-AML chemotherapy (ara-C/daunorubicin/etoposide) in a discovery-cohort of pediatric AML patients (N = 163; NCT00136084) and defined a 5-gene-drug resistance score (ADE-RS5) that was predictive of outcome (high MRD1 positivity p = 0.013; lower EFS p < 0.0001 and OS p < 0.0001). ADE-RS5 was integrated with a previously defined leukemic-stemness signature (pLSC6) to classify patients into four groups. ADE-RS5, pLSC6 and integrated-score was evaluated for association with outcome in one of the largest assembly of ~3600 AML patients from 10 independent cohorts (1861 pediatric and 1773 adult AML). Patients with high ADE-RS5 had poor outcome in validation cohorts and the previously reported pLSC6 maintained strong significant association in all validation cohorts. For pLSC6/ADE-RS5-integrated-score analysis, using Group-1 (low-scores for ADE-RS5 and pLSC6) as reference, Group-4 (high-scores for ADE-RS5 and pLSC6) showed worst outcome (EFS: p < 0.0001 and OS: p < 0.0001). Groups-2/3 (one high and one low-score) showed intermediate outcome (p < 0.001). Integrated score groups remained an independent predictor of outcome in multivariable-analysis after adjusting for established prognostic factors (EFS: Group 2 vs. 1, HR = 4.68, p < 0.001, Group 3 vs. 1, HR = 3.22, p = 0.01, and Group 4 vs. 1, HR = 7.26, p < 0.001). These results highlight the significant prognostic value of transcriptomics-based scores capturing disease aggressiveness through pLSC6 and drug resistance via ADE-RS5. The pLSC6 stemness score is a significant predictor of outcome and associates with high-risk group features, the ADE-RS5 drug resistance score adds further value, reflecting the clinical utility of simultaneous testing of both for optimizing treatment strategies.

Soils, just like all other ecosystem compartments, change over time and, consequently, conditions for soil-inhabiting organisms are also changing, affecting their composition and diversity. Soil biodiversity is a critical component of ecosystems that supports many essential ecosystem functions and services, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, water regulation and biomass production for food, fodder, fibre and energy. However, and despite the importance of soil biodiversity for ecosystem health and human well-being, neither current state, drivers, potential consequences for ecosystem services nor options for sustainable governance of soil biodiversity are well understood. Here, we provide a framework for and argue that conducting a national assessment of soil biodiversity, albeit being a complex endeavour, is fundamental to building a baseline to understand the current state and trends of soil biodiversity, but also to identify the main drivers of change, the impacts of soil biodiversity loss and the potential pathways for conservation and sustainable governance of soil biodiversity.

Dark photons are a theorized massive spin-1 particle which can be produced via various mechanisms, including cosmological gravitational particle production (GPP) in the early universe. In this work, we extend previous results for GPP of dark photons to include nonminimal couplings to gravity. We find that nonminimal couplings can induce a ghost instability or lead to runaway particle production at high momentum and discuss the constraints on the parameter space such that the theory is free of instabilities. Within the instability-free regime we numerically calculate the particle production and find that the inclusion of nonminimal couplings can lead to an enhancement of the particle number. As a result, GPP of nonminimally coupled dark photons can open the parameter space for production of a cosmological relevant relic density (constituting all or part of the dark matter) as compared to the minimally-coupled theory. These results are independent of the choice of inflation model, which we demonstrate by repeating the analysis for a class of rapid-turn multi-field inflation models., Comment: 26 pages, 14 figures, references added

We demonstrate that gravitational particle production (GPP) of a massive, Abelian, vector (Proca) field during inflation in the presence of nonminimal coupling to gravity may suffer from an instability which leads to runaway production of high-momentum modes. This is untenable unless there is some mechanism to regulate the runaway. We discuss the parameter space of the particle mass and nonminimal couplings where such a runaway occurs and possible ways to tame the runaway. We find that there is no obvious way to resolve the runaway in a UV completion or with kinetic mixing to the standard model., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures

Die folgende empirische Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Erfahrungen und Bewältigungsstrategien von Jugendlichen mit rassistischen Mikroaggressionen. Der erste Teil der Arbeit behandelt die theoretischen Grundlagen von Rassismus (Struktur, Ideologie und Prozess), rassistischen Mikroaggressionen sowie Rassismuskritik und Empowerment. Kern dieser Arbeit bilden fünf biografische Interviews, wobei die Jugendlichen als Expert:innen ihrer Lebenswelt zählen. Die Analyse orientiert sich an der Vorgehensweise der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse und der Grounded Theory und verfolgt eine induktive Kategorienbildung für den anschließenden Teil der Interpretation. Die Erfahrungen der befragten Jugendlichen unterscheiden sich aufgrund von Geschlecht, Religionszugehörigkeit, Ausprägungsform und Erfahrungsmodi, wobei sich die Gemeinsamkeit in der Alltäglichkeit widerspiegelt und sich eine Veränderung der eigenen Umgangsweise mit der zunehmenden Erfahrung von Rassismus ausmachen lässt., The following empirical work deals with the experiences and coping strategies of young people with racial microaggressions. The first part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical basics of racism (structure, ideology and process), racial microaggressions as well as empowerment. Five biographical interviews form the core of this work, whereby the young people count as experts on their lifeworld. The analysis is based on the approach of qualitative content analysis and grounded theory and follows an inductive category formation for the subsequent part of the interpretation. The experiences of the young people interviewed differ on the basis of gender, religion, form of expression and modes of experience, whereby the commonality is reflected in everyday life and a change in their own way of dealing with the increasing experience of racism can be identified., Hanna, Kolb, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2024

Reconstructing the original geometry of a high-pressure tectonic unit is challenging but important to understand the mechanisms of mountain building. While a single nappe is subducted and exhumed, nappe-internal thrusts may disrupt it into several subunits. The Middle-CBU nappe of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (Hellenide subduction orogen, Greece) shows evidence of such disruption along a Trans-Cycladic-Thrust (TCT), however, the timing of this thrusting is unknown. Here, we report multi-petrological and geochronological data from the Middle-CBU nappe from the Thera and Ios islands (Greece). Using Zr-in-rutile thermometry coupled with quartz-in-garnet elastic barometry, average P-T and phase equilibrium thermodynamic modelling, we show that garnet growth in Ios occurred during prograde metamorphism at 6.7 +/- 1.4 kbar to 13.0 +/- 1.6 kbar and 326 +/- 20 degrees C to 506 +/- 13 degrees C (2 sigma uncertainty) followed by early exhumation to 10.1 +/- 0.6 kbar and 484 +/- 14 degrees C and a greenschist facies overprint at 5.7 +/- 1.2 kbar and 416 +/- 14 degrees C. For Thera, we constrain peak HP conditions of 7.6 +/- 1.8 kbar and 331 +/- 18 degrees C, followed by exhumation and equilibration at similar to 2 kbar and similar to 275 degrees C using average P-T and phase equilibrium thermodynamic modelling. For Ios, Uranium-Pb garnet geochronology provides ages of 55.7 +/- 5.0 Ma (2 sigma uncertainties) for prograde and 40.1 +/- 1.4 Ma for peak HP metamorphism. Combining our new P-T-t data from Thera and Ios islands with existing data from Naxos island, we conclude that the studied nappe segments represent remnants of a former coherent nappe. The P-T-t data define an Eocene subduction rate of 2.1 +/- 1.0 km/Ma, which is distinctly slower than the current subduction rate of 40-45 km/Ma. After subduction, the exhumation of the Middle-CBU nappe occurred during the Oligocene at different rates for different localities. The Middle-CBU nappe of Naxos was exhumed at a rate of sim

INTRODUCTION: Tau-positron emission tomography (PET) outcome data of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) cannot currently be meaningfully compared or combined when different tracers are used due to differences in tracer properties, instrumentation, and methods of analysis. METHODS: Using head-to-head data from five cohorts with tau PET radiotracers designed to target tau deposition in AD, we tested a joint propagation model (JPM) to harmonize quantification (units termed "CenTauR" [CTR]). JPM is a statistical model that simultaneously models the relationships between head-to-head and anchor point data. JPM was compared to a linear regression approach analogous to the one used in the amyloid PET Centiloid scale. RESULTS: A strong linear relationship was observed between CTR values across brain regions. Using the JPM approach, CTR estimates were similar to, but more accurate than, those derived using the linear regression approach. DISCUSSION: Preliminary findings using the JPM support the development and adoption of a universal scale for tau-PET quantification. HIGHLIGHTS: Tested a novel joint propagation model (JPM) to harmonize quantification of tau PET. Units of common scale are termed "CenTauRs". Tested a Centiloid-like linear regression approach. Using five cohorts with head-to-head tau PET, JPM outperformed linearregressionbased approach. Strong linear relationship was observed between CenTauRs values across brain regions.

Aberrant expression of HOX and MEIS1 family genes, as seen in KMT2A-rearranged, NUP98-rearranged, or NPM1-mutated leukemias leads to arrested differentiation and leukemia development. HOX family genes are essential gatekeepers of physiologic hematopoiesis, and their expression is regulated by the interaction between KMT2A and menin. Menin inhibitors block this interaction, downregulate the abnormal expression of MEIS1 and other transcription factors and thereby release the differentiation block. Menin inhibitors show significant clinical efficacy against KMT2A-rearranged and NPM1-mutated acute leukemias, with promising potential to address unmet needs in various pediatric leukemia subtypes. In this collaborative initiative, pediatric and adult hematologists/oncologists, and stem cell transplant physicians have united their expertise to explore the potential of menin inhibitors in pediatric leukemia treatment internationally. Our efforts aim to provide a comprehensive clinical overview of menin inhibitors, integrating preclinical evidence and insights from ongoing global clinical trials. Additionally, we propose future international, inclusive, and efficient clinical trial designs, integrating pediatric populations in adult trials, to ensure broad access to this promising therapy for all children and adolescents with menin-dependent leukemias.

How is the work of artists and cultural producers changing in today’s crisis-ridden times? What does it mean to develop an ecologically and socially sustainable artistic and curatorial practice? How can artistic spaces and cultural institutions become places of active social transformation? This volume, published to accompany the Kunstbüro’s symposium of the same name, begins with the immediate present as its starting point and asks what (social) role art and its producers can play in a radically changing world., https://www.librarystack.org/present-tense-working-in-critical-times/?ref=unknown

Um den globalen Klimawandel zu bremsen, seine Auswirkungen abzumildern und eine nach-haltige Zukunft für junge und zukünftige Generationen zu gestalten, sind internationale Koor-dination sowie umfassende nationale Umsetzungspläne für Klimamaßnahmen unerlässlich. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat das Bundesministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie, Mobi-lität, Innovation und Technologie (BMK) nach Einbindung der relevanten anderen österreichi-schen Bundesministerien Ende Juni 2023 den Entwurf eines integrierten nationalen Energie- und Klimaplans (NEKP) für Österreich (Periode 2021-2030) vorgelegt. Dieser Entwurf stand im Sommer 2023 zur Kommentierung offen, um eine breite Beteiligung von öffentlichen und privaten Institutionen und Personen sicherzustellen. In order to slow down global climate change, mitigate its effects and shape a sustainable future for young and future generations, international coordination and comprehensive national implementation plans for climate measures are essential. Against this background, the Federal Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology (BMK), after involving the relevant other Austrian federal ministries, presented the draft of an integrated national energy and climate plan (NEKP) for Austria at the end of June 2023 ( Period 2021-2030). This draft was open for comment in summer 2023 to ensure broad participation from public and private institutions and individuals.

The prognosis of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has improved incrementally over the last few decades. However, at relapse, overall survival (OS) is approximately 40–50% and is even lower for patients with chemo-refractory disease. Effective and less toxic therapies are urgently needed for these children. The Pediatric Acute Leukemia (PedAL) program is a strategic global initiative that aims to overcome the obstacles in treating children with relapsed/refractory acute leukemia and is supported by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society in collaboration with the Children’s Oncology Group, the Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer consortium, and the European Pediatric Acute Leukemia (EuPAL) foundation, amongst others. In Europe, the study is set up as a complex clinical trial with a stratification approach to allocate patients to sub-trials of targeted inhibitors at relapse and employing harmonized response and safety definitions across sub-trials. The PedAL/EuPAL international collaboration aims to determine new standards of care for AML in a first and second relapse, using biology-based selection markers for treatment stratification, and deliver essential data to move drugs to front-line pediatric AML studies. An overview of potential treatment targets in pediatric AML, focused on drugs that are planned to be included in the PedAL/EuPAL project, is provided in this manuscript.

Game-theoretic behavioral and epidemiological models suggest that it is impossible to eradicate a disease through voluntary control actions when individuals behave according to their own interests. The simple reason is that free-riding behavior, which is best for self-interest, leads to a control coverage on the group level that is insufficient to eradicate the disease. Here we show that, for diseases that are caused by coinfection, self-interest can actually result in the socially optimal outcome of disease eradication. Our result challenges the conventional wisdom that selfish behavior undermines the group interest; it resolves a social dilemma in the absence of any cooperation, institutional arrangements, or social norms. Our model is motivated by coinfecting plant viruses, common among agricultural crops and natural plants, and the behavioral dynamics of growers to adopt protective action (biological or chemical control). The epidemiological scenario, in which the disease is eradicated by self-interest, is characterized by a positive feedback process in which coinfection enhances infectivity. Similar feedback structures exist for a range of typical epidemiological processes that facilitate disease persistence if prevalence is sufficiently large. The underlying mechanism may therefore be applicable to other diseases.

Background/Objective: Asthma is a common chronic medical condition among children and the most common diagnosis associated with interfacility transports for pediatric patients. As many as 40% of pediatric transfers may be unnecessary, resulting in potential delays in care and unnecessary costs. Our objective was to identify the patient-related factors associated with potentially unnecessary transfers for pediatric patients with asthma. Methods: We used patient care data from the California Department of Health Care Access and Information patient discharge and emergency department (ED) datasets to capture ED visits where a pediatric patient (age 2–17 years) presented with asthma and was transferred to another ED or acute care hospital. The outcome of interest was a potentially unnecessary transfer, defined as a visit where length of stay after transfer was <24 hours and no advanced services were used, such as respiratory therapy or critical care. Patient-related characteristics were extracted, including age, gender, race/ethnicity, primary language, insurance status, and clinical characteristics. First, we used descriptive statistics to compare necessary vs unnecessary transfers. Second, we used generalized estimating equations accounting for clustering by ED to estimate odds ratios (OR) and identify factors associated with potentially unnecessary transfers. Results: A total of 4,233 pediatric ED patients were transferred with a diagnosis of asthma, including 461 (11%) transfers that met criteria as potentially unnecessary. Median age was 12 years (interquartile range 7–15), and 46% were female. Factors associated with increased odds of potentially unnecessary transfer while controlling for key factors included younger age (eg, 2–5 years, OR 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–2.9), male gender (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.7), and Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.1), while multiple hospitalizations for asthma per year was associated with decreased odds (OR 0.2, 9

Weltweit stieg die Fleischproduktion und der -konsum in den letzten 50 Jahren enorm. Eine weitere Zunahme wird prognostiziert. Fleisch ist eine wichtige Proteinquelle und enthält essentielle Nährstoffe. Ein übermäßiger Verzehr von rotem und verarbeitetem Fleisch kann jedoch das Risiko nicht übertragbarer Krankheiten erhöhen. Die Fleischproduktion hat auch Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt, wie Treibhausgasemissionen, Wasser- und Landverbrauch und Verlust an biologischer Vielfalt. Bestimmte Haltungssysteme können jedoch auch positive Auswirkungen haben. Die Debatte über die Nutzung und Schlachtung von Tieren für die menschliche Ernährung ist komplex, mit unterschiedlichen Standpunkten zu Tierschutz und Tierethik. Ernährungserziehung ist daher wichtig für die Bildung einer nachhaltigen Ernährung. Es liegt in der Verantwortung von Eltern, Pädagog:innen und der Gesellschaft, Kinder dabei zu unterstützen, eine nachhaltige und gesunde Beziehung zu Lebensmitteln aufzubauen, die sich langfristig positiv auf Gesundheit, Umwelt und Tierschutz auswirken kann. In dieser Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen der direkten Teilnahme von Kindern an der Schlachtung eines Tieres, seiner Verarbeitung und seinem Verzehr und in Folge auch auf ihre Einstellung und ihr Verhalten gegenüber Fleischkonsum untersucht. Zwei zentrale Forschungsfragen leiten die Arbeit: Erstens, was löst das unmittelbare Miterleben der Schlachtung eines Tieres, seiner Verarbeitung bis hin zum Verzehr bei Kindern im Grundschulalter aus, und zweitens, inwieweit verändern sich das Ernährungsbewusstsein, die -kompetenz und das -verhalten der Kinder in Bezug auf den Fleischkonsum durch diese Erfahrung? Die Studie basiert auf leitfadengestützten Interviews mit 18 Kindern und ihren Eltern vor und nach einer Schlachtung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Kinder unterschiedliche (emotionale) Reaktionen zeigten. Das Ernährungswissen, die -kompetenz und das -verhalten der Kinder änderte sich. Das Bewusstsein für die Herkunft von Fleisch, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2024

Tight relationships exist in the local universe between the central stellar properties of galaxies and the mass of their supermassive black hole. These suggest galaxies and black holes co-evolve, with the main regulation mechanism being energetic feedback from accretion onto the black hole during its quasar phase. A crucial question is how the relationship between black holes and galaxies evolves with time; a key epoch to probe this relationship is at the peaks of star formation and black hole growth 8-12 billion years ago (redshifts 1-3). Here we report a dynamical measurement of the mass of the black hole in a luminous quasar at a redshift of 2, with a look back time of 11 billion years, by spatially resolving the broad line region. We detect a 40 micro-arcsecond (0.31 pc) spatial offset between the red and blue photocenters of the H$\alpha$ line that traces the velocity gradient of a rotating broad line region. The flux and differential phase spectra are well reproduced by a thick, moderately inclined disk of gas clouds within the sphere of influence of a central black hole with a mass of 3.2x10$^{8}$ solar masses. Molecular gas data reveal a dynamical mass for the host galaxy of 6x10$^{11}$ solar masses, which indicates an under-massive black hole accreting at a super-Eddington rate. This suggests a host galaxy that grew faster than the supermassive black hole, indicating a delay between galaxy and black hole formation for some systems., Comment: 5 pages Main text, 8 figures, 2 tables, to be published in Nature, under embargo until 29 January 2024 16:00 (London)

We investigate the real-time estimation of human situation awareness using observations from a robot teammate with limited visibility. In human factors and human-autonomy teaming, it is recognized that individuals navigate their environments using an internal mental simulation, or mental model. The mental model informs cognitive processes including situation awareness, contextual reasoning, and task planning. In teaming domains, the mental model includes a team model of each teammate's beliefs and capabilities, enabling fluent teamwork without the need for explicit communication. However, little work has applied team models to human-robot teaming. We compare the performance of two current methods at estimating user situation awareness over varying visibility conditions. Our results indicate that the methods are largely resilient to low-visibility conditions in our domain, however opportunities exist to improve their overall performance., Comment: Under review, project page: https://jackkolb.com/tmm-hri

In machine learning larger databases are usually associated with higher classification accuracy due to better generalization. This generalization may lead to non-optimal classifiers in some medical applications with highly variable expressions of pathologies. This paper presents a method for learning from a large training base by adaptively selecting optimal training samples for given input data. In this way heterogeneous databases are supported two-fold. First, by being able to deal with sparsely annotated data allows a quick inclusion of new data set and second, by training an input-dependent classifier. The proposed approach is evaluated using the SISS challenge. The proposed algorithm leads to a significant improvement of the classification accuracy.

The study investigates the biochemical and physiological properties of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins, which mediate the transport of the phytohormone auxin across membranes. The X. laevis oocyte expression system was used to examine the regulation and activation of PINs via their loop and kinases, to characterize PIN6 and PIN8, and to investigate modification of PIN-mediated IAA transport by substances like other natural and synthetic auxins and inhibitors of auxin transport, in particular NPA., Die Studie untersucht die biochemischen und physiologischen Eigenschaften der PIN-FORMED (PIN) Proteine, die den Transport des Phytohormons Auxin durch Membranen vermitteln. Das X. laevis Oozyten Expressionssystem wurde verwendet, um die Regulierung und Aktivierung von PINs über ihren Loop und Kinasen zu untersuchen, PIN6 und PIN8 zu charakterisieren und die Modifikation des PIN-vermittelten IAA Transports durch Substanzen wie andere natürliche und synthetische Auxine und Inhibitoren des Auxin Transports, insbesondere NPA, zu untersuchen.

Ninguna, A prospective study was made to assess the short-term clinical and endoscopic response to high-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy (HDREB) in patients with malignant endobronchial tumours. From July 1995 to May 2000, 288 HDREB sessions were carried out on 81 patients. The mean patient age was 61.57 yrs (range 34-82); males were predominant (87.65%). Tumours were primary in 76 patients (93.82%) and metastatic in five patients (6.18%). The inclusion criteria were malignant endobronchial tumour and either palliative treatment for incurable disease or intent-to-cure treatment for residual malignancy on the bronchial resection surface after surgery or an inoperable tumour. The exclusion criteria were as follows: impediments to catheter placement, expected survival <2 months, Karnofsky index <60, or absence of informed consent. The clinical response of a symptom was categorised as complete (disappearance of the symptom), partial (less than complete) or absent. The endoscopic response was considered to be complete if lesions disappeared and biopsy findings remained negative 1 month after the last radiation session; partial if lesions improved to some extent, but the biopsy findings were positive; and absent if there was no change in relation to baseline. The technique consisted of delivering high-dose irradiation from an Ir192 source to a target volume using one or two endobronchial catheters inserted under optical or video bronchoscopic guidance. Four sessions were scheduled at weekly intervals and 500 cGy was applied per session over a length of 1-9 cm, measured 0.5-1 cm from the centre of the source. In total, 85% of the symptoms analysed (haemoptysis, cough, dyspnoea, expectoration, and stridor) disappeared with HDREB, which was categorised as a complete response. The endoscopic response was complete in 56.79% of patients, partial or less than complete in 40.74% and absent in 2.46%. One major complication occurred (bronchial fistula 1.2%), but no lethal haemoptysis., Depto. de Medicina, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Lattices with minimal normalized second moments are designed using a new numerical optimization algorithm. Starting from a random lower-triangular generator matrix and applying stochastic gradient descent, all elements are updated towards the negative gradient, which makes it the most efficient algorithm proposed so far for this purpose. A graphical illustration of the theta series, called theta image, is introduced and shown to be a powerful tool for converting numerical lattice representations into their underlying exact forms. As a proof of concept, optimized lattices are designed in dimensions up to 16. In all dimensions, the algorithm converges to either the previously best known lattice or a better one. The dual of the 15-dimensional laminated lattice is conjectured to be optimal in its dimension.

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Many scientific software platforms provide plugin mechanisms that simplify the integration, deployment, and execution of externally developed functionality. One of the most widely used platforms in the imaging space is Fiji, a popular open-source application for scientific image analysis. Fiji incorporates and builds on the ImageJ and ImageJ2 platforms, which provide a powerful plugin architecture used by thousands of plugins to solve a wide variety of problems. This capability is a major part of Fiji's success, and it has become a widely used biological image analysis tool and a target for new functionality. However, a plugin-based software architecture cannot unify disparate platforms operating on incompatible data structures; interoperability necessitates the creation of adaptation or "bridge" layers to translate data and invoke functionality. As a result, while platforms like Fiji enable a high degree of interconnectivity and extensibility, they were not fundamentally designed to integrate across the many data types, programming languages, and architectural differences of various software platforms.To help address this challenge, we present SciJava Ops, a foundational software library for expressing algorithms as plugins in a unified and extensible way. Continuing the evolution of Fiji's SciJava plugin mechanism, SciJava Ops enables users to harness algorithms from various software platforms within a central execution environment. In addition, SciJava Ops automatically adapts data into the most appropriate structure for each algorithm, allowing users to freely and transparently combine algorithms from otherwise incompatible tools. While SciJava Ops is initially distributed as a Fiji update site, the framework does not require Fiji, ImageJ, or ImageJ2, and would be suitable for integration with additional image analysis platforms., Comment: 33 pages, 11 figures

Neural network representations of simple models, such as linear regression, are being studied increasingly to better understand the underlying principles of deep learning algorithms. However, neural representations of distributional regression models, such as the Cox model, have received little attention so far. We close this gap by proposing a framework for distributional regression using inverse flow transformations (DRIFT), which includes neural representations of the aforementioned models. We empirically demonstrate that the neural representations of models in DRIFT can serve as a substitute for their classical statistical counterparts in several applications involving continuous, ordered, time-series, and survival outcomes. We confirm that models in DRIFT empirically match the performance of several statistical methods in terms of estimation of partial effects, prediction, and aleatoric uncertainty quantification. DRIFT covers both interpretable statistical models and flexible neural networks opening up new avenues in both statistical modeling and deep learning., Comment: Accepted at UAI 2024

The complexity of black-box algorithms can lead to various challenges, including the introduction of biases. These biases present immediate risks in the algorithms' application. It was, for instance, shown that neural networks can deduce racial information solely from a patient's X-ray scan, a task beyond the capability of medical experts. If this fact is not known to the medical expert, automatic decision-making based on this algorithm could lead to prescribing a treatment (purely) based on racial information. While current methodologies allow for the "orthogonalization" or "normalization" of neural networks with respect to such information, existing approaches are grounded in linear models. Our paper advances the discourse by introducing corrections for non-linearities such as ReLU activations. Our approach also encompasses scalar and tensor-valued predictions, facilitating its integration into neural network architectures. Through extensive experiments, we validate our method's effectiveness in safeguarding sensitive data in generalized linear models, normalizing convolutional neural networks for metadata, and rectifying pre-existing embeddings for undesired attributes.

INTRODUCTION: Variability in adherence rates to the Seattle protocol and to surveillance interval recommendations, established quality indicators (QIs) in Barretts esophagus (BE), is unknown. METHODS: We evaluated endoscopist and site-based adherence rates to these QIs from January 2018 to May 2021 using the GI Quality Improvement Consortium national registry with matched endoscopy and pathology data. RESULTS: Across 153 practices with 572 endoscopists performing 20,155 endoscopies, adherence to the Seattle protocol varied by endoscopists (median 93.8%, IQR 18.9%) and by site (median 90.0%, IQR 20.1%). Adherence to appropriate surveillance intervals for nondysplastic BE also varied by endoscopist (median 82.4%, IQR 36.3%) and site (median 77.2%, IQR 29.8%). The overall dysplasia detection rate was 3.1% and varied among endoscopists and sites. DISCUSSION: These US population-based results can serve as a benchmark for quality initiatives and intervention trials aimed at improving outcomes for patients with BE.