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The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others.

The purpose of this paper was to study specimens of the genus Rodentolepis isolated from eight species of Sigmodontinae rodents (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from six provinces in the Cuenca del Plata, Argentina, based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characteristics (ITS1 rDNA and cox1 mtDNA). The genetic distances among studied specimens and other Hymenolepididae from rodents available in the GenBank were analyzed and phylogenetic inferences were provided. A total of 955 specimens of Sigmodontinae rodents were examined from seven localities of six provinces in the Cuenca del Plata region in Argentina. Tapeworms were removed from the rodents’ small intestines. Conventional studies were used for the morphological and molecular analysis. Specimens of R. microstoma were identified. An amended diagnosis and detailed morphological description of this species is provided. The molecular analyses showed that the specimens studied form the same clade as that of R. microstoma previously studied from other hosts and regions. The genetic polymorphisms of R. microstoma observed corresponded to different groups of species hosts and regions. Moreover, eight species of sigmodontine rodents and 33 localities from the Cuenca del Plata region in Argentina constitute new host and geographical records. This study shows the importance of using integrative taxonomic approaches that combine morphological and molecular characters to understand biological diversity. Moreover, the discovery of R. microstoma in humans suggests the importance of further studies on this zoonotic cestode. This study provides important data on the taxonomy and distribution of R. microstoma to advance knowledge of the transmission dynamics of this parasite.

The purpose of this paper was to study specimens of the genus Rodentolepis isolated from eight species of Sigmodontinae rodents (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from six provinces in the Cuenca del Plata, Argentina, based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characteristics (ITS1 rDNA and cox1 mtDNA). The genetic distances among studied specimens and other Hymenolepididae from rodents available in the GenBank were analyzed and phylogenetic inferences were provided. A total of 955 specimens of Sigmodontinae rodents were examined from seven localities of six provinces in the Cuenca del Plata region in Argentina. Tapeworms were removed from the rodents’ small intestines. Conventional studies were used for the morphological and molecular analysis. Specimens of R. microstoma were identified. An amended diagnosis and detailed morphological description of this species is provided. The molecular analyses showed that the specimens studied form the same clade as that of R. microstoma previously studied from other hosts and regions. The genetic polymorphisms of R. microstoma observed corresponded to different groups of species hosts and regions. Moreover, eight species of sigmodontine rodents and 33 localities from the Cuenca del Plata region in Argentina constitute new host and geographical records. This study shows the importance of using integrative taxonomic approaches that combine morphological and molecular characters to understand biological diversity. Moreover, the discovery of R. microstoma in humans suggests the importance of further studies on this zoonotic cestode. This study provides important data on the taxonomy and distribution of R. microstoma to advance knowledge of the transmission dynamics of this parasite.

The purpose of this paper was to study specimens of the genus Rodentolepis isolated from eight species of Sigmodontinae rodents (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from six provinces in the Cuenca del Plata, Argentina, based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characteristics (ITS1 rDNA and cox1 mtDNA). The genetic distances among studied specimens and other Hymenolepididae from rodents available in the GenBank were analyzed and phylogenetic inferences were provided. A total of 955 specimens of Sigmodontinae rodents were examined from seven localities of six provinces in the Cuenca del Plata region in Argentina. Tapeworms were removed from the rodents’ small intestines. Conventional studies were used for the morphological and molecular analysis. Specimens of R. microstoma were identified. An amended diagnosis and detailed morphological description of this species is provided. The molecular analyses showed that the specimens studied form the same clade as that of R. microstoma previously studied from other hosts and regions. The genetic polymorphisms of R. microstoma observed corresponded to different groups of species hosts and regions. Moreover, eight species of sigmodontine rodents and 33 localities from the Cuenca del Plata region in Argentina constitute new host and geographical records. This study shows the importance of using integrative taxonomic approaches that combine morphological and molecular characters to understand biological diversity. Moreover, the discovery of R. microstoma in humans suggests the importance of further studies on this zoonotic cestode. This study provides important data on the taxonomy and distribution of R. microstoma to advance knowledge of the transmission dynamics of this parasite.

Ribeiro J., São Clemente S.C., Lopes L.M.S. & Knoff M. Nematode larvae of hygienic importance infecting Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) and Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Pisces: Teleostei) in Brazil. [Larvas de nematóides de importância higiênica-sanitária em Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) e Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Pisces: Teleostei) no Brasil.] Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(2): 121-124, 2014. Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brasil. E-mail: knoffm@ioc.fiocruz.br From March 2010 to Aprill 2011, thirty-five specimens of the Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus faber, and thirty specimens of the Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus, were purchased from a fish market of municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The fishes were measured, fileted and further had their organs investigated for helminths. In the both species were parasitized by Hysterothylacium sp. third-stage larvae nematodes with prevalence of 17.1% and 40%, mean intensity of 2 and 9.6, range of infection of 1-2 and 1-28 and mean abundance of 0.23 and 3.83,respectively. The sites of infection to C. faber were piloric cecum, liver, and abdominal cavity, and to T. carolinus, piloric cecum, liver, seroses of liver and ovarian, and abdominal cavity. Hysterothylacium sp. larvae were reported in C. faber for the first time, and is the first report in T. carolinus by these nematodes for Brazil, presenting considerations on the sanitary aspects due to the importance in the fish hygiene and public health programs., Entre março de 2010 a abril 2011, 35 espécimes de, Chaetodipterus faber e 30 espécimes de Trachinotus carolinus foram adquiridos do Mercado Municipal São Pedro, Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os peixes foram acondicionados em caixas isotermicas contendo gelo e tranferidos para o Laboratório de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Pescado da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, UFF, RJ onde foram mensurados, filetados e seu orgãos analisados. As larvas coletadas foram fixadas em AFA a 60ºC, e montadas entre lâmina e lamínula contendo lactofenol para identificação. Foram encontradas larvas de terceiro estágio gênero de nematóide Hysterothylacium sp. em ambas as espécies dos peixes, com prevalências de 17,1% e 40%, intensidades médias de 2 e 9,6, amplitudes de variação das intensidades de infecções 1 a 2 e 1 a 28 e abundâncias médias de 0,23 e 3,83, respectivamente. Os sítios de infecção para Hysterothylacium sp. em C. faber foram ceco pilórico, fígado e cavidade abdominal e para T.carolinus, ceco pilórico, fígado, serosas do fígado e gônada e cavidade abdominal. Larvas de Hysterothylacium sp. foram encontradas pela primeira vez parasitando C. faber como também o primeiro registro desse gênero de nematóides para T. carolinus no Brasil. O presente estudo apresenta considerações importantes no aspecto higiênico-sanitário de pescado e para programas de saúde pública.

Ribeiro J., São Clemente S.C., Lopes L.M.S. & Knoff M. Nematode larvae of hygienic importance infecting Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) and Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Pisces: Teleostei) in Brazil. [Larvas de nematóides de importância higiênica-sanitária em Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) e Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Pisces: Teleostei) no Brasil.] Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(2): 121-124, 2014. Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brasil. E-mail: knoffm@ioc.fiocruz.br From March 2010 to Aprill 2011, thirty-five specimens of the Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus faber, and thirty specimens of the Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus, were purchased from a fish market of municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The fishes were measured, fileted and further had their organs investigated for helminths. In the both species were parasitized by Hysterothylacium sp. third-stage larvae nematodes with prevalence of 17.1% and 40%, mean intensity of 2 and 9.6, range of infection of 1-2 and 1-28 and mean abundance of 0.23 and 3.83,respectively. The sites of infection to C. faber were piloric cecum, liver, and abdominal cavity, and to T. carolinus, piloric cecum, liver, seroses of liver and ovarian, and abdominal cavity. Hysterothylacium sp. larvae were reported in C. faber for the first time, and is the first report in T. carolinus by these nematodes for Brazil, presenting considerations on the sanitary aspects due to the importance in the fish hygiene and public health programs., Entre março de 2010 a abril 2011, 35 espécimes de, Chaetodipterus faber e 30 espécimes de Trachinotus carolinus foram adquiridos do Mercado Municipal São Pedro, Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os peixes foram acondicionados em caixas isotermicas contendo gelo e tranferidos para o Laboratório de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Pescado da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, UFF, RJ onde foram mensurados, filetados e seu orgãos analisados. As larvas coletadas foram fixadas em AFA a 60ºC, e montadas entre lâmina e lamínula contendo lactofenol para identificação. Foram encontradas larvas de terceiro estágio gênero de nematóide Hysterothylacium sp. em ambas as espécies dos peixes, com prevalências de 17,1% e 40%, intensidades médias de 2 e 9,6, amplitudes de variação das intensidades de infecções 1 a 2 e 1 a 28 e abundâncias médias de 0,23 e 3,83, respectivamente. Os sítios de infecção para Hysterothylacium sp. em C. faber foram ceco pilórico, fígado e cavidade abdominal e para T.carolinus, ceco pilórico, fígado, serosas do fígado e gônada e cavidade abdominal. Larvas de Hysterothylacium sp. foram encontradas pela primeira vez parasitando C. faber como também o primeiro registro desse gênero de nematóides para T. carolinus no Brasil. O presente estudo apresenta considerações importantes no aspecto higiênico-sanitário de pescado e para programas de saúde pública.

Ribeiro J., São Clemente S.C., Lopes L.M.S. & Knoff M. Nematode larvae of hygienic importance infecting Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) and Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Pisces: Teleostei) in Brazil. [Larvas de nematóides de importância higiênica-sanitária em Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) e Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Pisces: Teleostei) no Brasil.] Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(2): 121-124, 2014. Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brasil. E-mail: knoffm@ioc.fiocruz.br From March 2010 to Aprill 2011, thirty-five specimens of the Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus faber, and thirty specimens of the Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus, were purchased from a fish market of municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The fishes were measured, fileted and further had their organs investigated for helminths. In the both species were parasitized by Hysterothylacium sp. third-stage larvae nematodes with prevalence of 17.1% and 40%, mean intensity of 2 and 9.6, range of infection of 1-2 and 1-28 and mean abundance of 0.23 and 3.83,respectively. The sites of infection to C. faber were piloric cecum, liver, and abdominal cavity, and to T. carolinus, piloric cecum, liver, seroses of liver and ovarian, and abdominal cavity. Hysterothylacium sp. larvae were reported in C. faber for the first time, and is the first report in T. carolinus by these nematodes for Brazil, presenting considerations on the sanitary aspects due to the importance in the fish hygiene and public health programs., Entre março de 2010 a abril 2011, 35 espécimes de, Chaetodipterus faber e 30 espécimes de Trachinotus carolinus foram adquiridos do Mercado Municipal São Pedro, Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os peixes foram acondicionados em caixas isotermicas contendo gelo e tranferidos para o Laboratório de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Pescado da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, UFF, RJ onde foram mensurados, filetados e seu orgãos analisados. As larvas coletadas foram fixadas em AFA a 60ºC, e montadas entre lâmina e lamínula contendo lactofenol para identificação. Foram encontradas larvas de terceiro estágio gênero de nematóide Hysterothylacium sp. em ambas as espécies dos peixes, com prevalências de 17,1% e 40%, intensidades médias de 2 e 9,6, amplitudes de variação das intensidades de infecções 1 a 2 e 1 a 28 e abundâncias médias de 0,23 e 3,83, respectivamente. Os sítios de infecção para Hysterothylacium sp. em C. faber foram ceco pilórico, fígado e cavidade abdominal e para T.carolinus, ceco pilórico, fígado, serosas do fígado e gônada e cavidade abdominal. Larvas de Hysterothylacium sp. foram encontradas pela primeira vez parasitando C. faber como também o primeiro registro desse gênero de nematóides para T. carolinus no Brasil. O presente estudo apresenta considerações importantes no aspecto higiênico-sanitário de pescado e para programas de saúde pública.

Ribeiro J., São Clemente S.C., Lopes L.M.S. & Knoff M. Nematode larvae of hygienic importance infecting Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) and Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Pisces: Teleostei) in Brazil. [Larvas de nematóides de importância higiênica-sanitária em Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) e Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Pisces: Teleostei) no Brasil.] Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(2): 121-124, 2014. Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brasil. E-mail: knoffm@ioc.fiocruz.br From March 2010 to Aprill 2011, thirty-five specimens of the Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus faber, and thirty specimens of the Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus, were purchased from a fish market of municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The fishes were measured, fileted and further had their organs investigated for helminths. In the both species were parasitized by Hysterothylacium sp. third-stage larvae nematodes with prevalence of 17.1% and 40%, mean intensity of 2 and 9.6, range of infection of 1-2 and 1-28 and mean abundance of 0.23 and 3.83,respectively. The sites of infection to C. faber were piloric cecum, liver, and abdominal cavity, and to T. carolinus, piloric cecum, liver, seroses of liver and ovarian, and abdominal cavity. Hysterothylacium sp. larvae were reported in C. faber for the first time, and is the first report in T. carolinus by these nematodes for Brazil, presenting considerations on the sanitary aspects due to the importance in the fish hygiene and public health programs., Entre março de 2010 a abril 2011, 35 espécimes de, Chaetodipterus faber e 30 espécimes de Trachinotus carolinus foram adquiridos do Mercado Municipal São Pedro, Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os peixes foram acondicionados em caixas isotermicas contendo gelo e tranferidos para o Laboratório de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Pescado da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, UFF, RJ onde foram mensurados, filetados e seu orgãos analisados. As larvas coletadas foram fixadas em AFA a 60ºC, e montadas entre lâmina e lamínula contendo lactofenol para identificação. Foram encontradas larvas de terceiro estágio gênero de nematóide Hysterothylacium sp. em ambas as espécies dos peixes, com prevalências de 17,1% e 40%, intensidades médias de 2 e 9,6, amplitudes de variação das intensidades de infecções 1 a 2 e 1 a 28 e abundâncias médias de 0,23 e 3,83, respectivamente. Os sítios de infecção para Hysterothylacium sp. em C. faber foram ceco pilórico, fígado e cavidade abdominal e para T.carolinus, ceco pilórico, fígado, serosas do fígado e gônada e cavidade abdominal. Larvas de Hysterothylacium sp. foram encontradas pela primeira vez parasitando C. faber como também o primeiro registro desse gênero de nematóides para T. carolinus no Brasil. O presente estudo apresenta considerações importantes no aspecto higiênico-sanitário de pescado e para programas de saúde pública.

In January 2002, were caught 11 Makaira nigricans Lacepède, 1802 (Istiophoridae) and two Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832) (Scombridae) off Cabo Frio municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. We collected digenetic trematodes from the stomach of some of these fishes. We studied these trematodes with optical and scanning electron microscopy and identified them as Hirudinella ventricosa (Pallas, 1774) Baird, 1835. This is the first report of this species in A. solandri in the Brazilian coast, and in M. nigricans in South America., En enero del 2002, fueron capturados 11 Makaira nigricans Lacepède, 1802 y dos Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832) en la costa del municipio de Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Del estómago de algunos de estos peces fueron colectados trematodos digenéticos. Después del análisis macroscópico y microscópico de la morfología y la morfometría de las estructuras externas e internas de los helmintos, mediante estereoscópio, microscopio de campo claro, de cortes histológicos coloreados con hematoxilina-eosina, y microscopio electrónico de barrido, los especímenes fueron identificados como pertenecientes a la especie Hirudinella ventricosa (Pallas, 1774) Baird, 1835. Este es el primer reporte de esta especie en A. solandri en la costa brasileña, y en M. nigricans en América del Sur.

Knoff M., Pinto R.M., de São Clemente S.C., Fonseca M.C.G. & Gomes D.C. Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium sp. as the agents of diphyllobothriasis in Brazil: morphological analysis and two new case reports. [Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium sp. como agentes da diphylobotrioses no Brasil: analise morfológica e relato de dois novos casos]. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 33(3):159-164, 2011. Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, RJ 21045-900, Brasil. E-mail: knoffm@ioc.fiocruz.br Between August 2004 and April, 2005 two adults, a man and a woman, living in Rio de Janeiro, frequently feeding on raw fish (sushi and sashimi) without a recent historical of being abroad, presented similar symptoms of abdominal pain. Fecal samples with the presence of eggs recovered from both patients with together a strobila found in the stools of the woman were sent to the Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz for examination. In order to avoid the accurate identification of parasites, eggs and proglottids were measured and analyzed; transversal and sagittal sections of the proglottids were also obtained. Results showed the presence of Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium sp. in the two infected individuals, man and in the woman, respectively. A survey of other human cases of diphyllobothriasis occurring in Brazil is presented., Entre agosto de 2004 e abril de 2005, dois adultos, um homem e uma mulher residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e consumidores habituais de pescado cru (sushi e sashimi) sem histórico recente de viajem internacional, apresentavam sintomas similares de dores abdominais. As análises das amostras de fezes com ovos dos pacientes e uma porção do estróbilo provenientes da mulher foram enviados ao Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Com objetivo de identificar os parasitos, os ovos e as proglotes foram medidos e analisados; nas proglotes foram realizados cortes histológicos transversais e sagitais. Após análise taxonômica dos ovos e proglotes grávidas foi possível a determinação específica como Diphyllobothrium sp. para a amostra proveniente do homem e para aquela proveniente da mulher como D. latum. É apresentado o levantamento dos casos ocorridos no Brasil.

Knoff M., Pinto R.M., de São Clemente S.C., Fonseca M.C.G. & Gomes D.C. Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium sp. as the agents of diphyllobothriasis in Brazil: morphological analysis and two new case reports. [Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium sp. como agentes da diphylobotrioses no Brasil: analise morfológica e relato de dois novos casos]. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 33(3):159-164, 2011. Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, RJ 21045-900, Brasil. E-mail: knoffm@ioc.fiocruz.br Between August 2004 and April, 2005 two adults, a man and a woman, living in Rio de Janeiro, frequently feeding on raw fish (sushi and sashimi) without a recent historical of being abroad, presented similar symptoms of abdominal pain. Fecal samples with the presence of eggs recovered from both patients with together a strobila found in the stools of the woman were sent to the Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz for examination. In order to avoid the accurate identification of parasites, eggs and proglottids were measured and analyzed; transversal and sagittal sections of the proglottids were also obtained. Results showed the presence of Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium sp. in the two infected individuals, man and in the woman, respectively. A survey of other human cases of diphyllobothriasis occurring in Brazil is presented., Entre agosto de 2004 e abril de 2005, dois adultos, um homem e uma mulher residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e consumidores habituais de pescado cru (sushi e sashimi) sem histórico recente de viajem internacional, apresentavam sintomas similares de dores abdominais. As análises das amostras de fezes com ovos dos pacientes e uma porção do estróbilo provenientes da mulher foram enviados ao Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Com objetivo de identificar os parasitos, os ovos e as proglotes foram medidos e analisados; nas proglotes foram realizados cortes histológicos transversais e sagitais. Após análise taxonômica dos ovos e proglotes grávidas foi possível a determinação específica como Diphyllobothrium sp. para a amostra proveniente do homem e para aquela proveniente da mulher como D. latum. É apresentado o levantamento dos casos ocorridos no Brasil.

From October 2006 to March 2008, sixty specimens of Paralichthys isosceles, were captured in the littoral of the State of Rio de Janeiro Brazil. The present study deals with the taxonomic identification of the cestodes parasitizing this fish species, as well with the analysis of parasitological indexes, sites of infection, taking into account the hygienic-sanitary importance of the host in Brazilian and foreign markets. Fifty-six (93.3%) out of the collected fishes were infected with at least one specimen of metacestodes. Diphyllobothriidea were represented by plerocercoids of two species: Diphyllobothrium sp. 1 (similar to D. latum) in stomach, stomach mucosa and mesentery and Diphyllobothrium sp. 2 (similar to D. dendriticum) in intestine, liver, ovary and abdominal cavity. Trypanorhyncha, were represented by Grillotia carvajalregorum, in stomach, intestine, liver, mesentery, abdominal cavity, abdominal and dorsal musculatures, Nybelinia lingualis in stomach, stomach mucosa, intestine, mesentery, spleen serosa, dorsal musculature, Heteronybelinia nipponica in intestine, kidney serosa, abdominal cavity and abdominal musculature, Otobothrium sp. in the stomach, intestine, liver, mesentery and abdominal cavity, Callitetrarhynchus gracilis and Pterobothrium heteracanthum in abdominal musculature, P. crassicolle in stomach serosa. Tetraphyllidea, were represented by Scolex pleuronectis in stomach and intestine. Remarks on the zoonotic potential of species included in Diphyllobothriidae and Trypanorhyncha and the role they play concerning sanitary inspections are presented. This is the first report of metacestodes parasitizing specimens of P. isosceles, De octubre de 2006 a marzo de 2008, sesenta ejemplares de lenguado Paralichthys isosceles, fueron capturados en el litoral del Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. El presente estudio trata de la identificación taxonómica de los cestodos que parasitan esta especie de pez, así como el análisis de los índices parasitológicos, los sitios de infección, teniendo en cuenta la importancia higiénico-sanitaria del hospedero en los mercados brasileños y extranjeros. Cincuenta y seis (93.3%) de los peces colectados estaban infectados con al menos un ejemplar de metacestodos. Diphyllobotriidea estuvo representados por plerocercoides de dos especies: Diphyllobothrium sp. 1 (similar a D. latum) en el estómago, la mucosa del estómago y en el mesenterio y Diphyllobothrium sp. 2 (similar a D. dendriticum) en el intestino, el hígado, el ovario y la cavidad abdominal. Trypanorhyncha estuvo representados por Grillotia carvajalregorum, en el estómago, intestino, hígado, ovario, mesenterio, la cavidad abdominal, musculatura abdominal y dorsal, Nybelinia lingualis en el estómago, la mucosa del estómago, el intestino, mesenterio, la serosa del bazo y la musculatura dorsal, Heteronybelinia nipponica en el intestino, la serosa del riñón, cavidad abdominal y la musculatura abdominal, Otobothrium sp. en el estómago, intestino, hígado, mesenterio y la cavidad abdominal. Callitetrarhynchus gracilis y Pterobothrium heteracanthum en la musculatura abdominal, P. crassicole en la serosa del estómago. Tetraphyllidea estuvo representados por Scolex pleuronectis en el estómago y el intestino. Observaciones sobre el potencial zoonótico de las especies incluidas en Diphyllobothriidae y Trypanorhyncha y el papel que desempeñan en materia de inspecciones sanitarias son presentadas.Este es el primer informe de metacestodos parasitando especímenes de P. isosceles.

During studies of fish helminths, deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC), some samples of nematodes were studied and identified as Rhabdochona uruyeni Diaz-Ungria, 1968. The present status of the species occurring in South America is discussed and updated. To facilitate further accesses, a worldwide bibliographical survey related to systematic, taxonomic, morphological, biological, cladistical and ecological approaches to the genus, covering a period of 165 years is presented. To date, Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) acuminata is referred in Argentina, Brazil, and Ecuador, together with Rhabdochona (Filochona) fabianae in Argentina and Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) uruyeni in Venezuela and now in Brazil, for the first time and in a new host. Also, Rhabdochona spp. are cited in Argentina, Brazil and Peru. Rhabdochona colossomi Diaz-Ungria, 1968 is considered a nomen nudum., Durante investigaciones direccionadas a los nematodos de peces depositados en la Colección Helmintológica del Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CHIOC), algunas muestras fueron estudiadas y identificadas como Rhabdochona uruyeni Diaz-Ungria, 1968. La presente situación de las especies que ocurren en Sud- América es discutida y actualizada. Además, se efectuó un amplio levantamiento bibliográfico relacionado a taxonomía, morfología, biología, cladística y ecología del género, a fin de proporcionar una pronta indicación de las citas sobre las especies de Rhabdochona, comprendiendo un período de 165 años. Hasta el presente, Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) acuminata es referida en Argentina, Brasil, y Ecuador, junto con Rhabdochona (Filochona) fabianae en Argentina y Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) uruyeni en Venezuela y ahora en Brasil por primera vez y en un nuevo huésped. También, Rhabdochona spp. están señaladas en Argentina, Brasil y Peru. Rhabdochona colossomi Diaz-Ungria, 1968 es considerado como nomen nudum.

From October 2006 to March 2008, sixty specimens of Paralichthys isosceles, were captured in the littoral of the State of Rio de Janeiro Brazil. The present study deals with the taxonomic identification of the cestodes parasitizing this fish species, as well with the analysis of parasitological indexes, sites of infection, taking into account the hygienic-sanitary importance of the host in Brazilian and foreign markets. Fifty-six (93.3%) out of the collected fishes were infected with at least one specimen of metacestodes. Diphyllobothriidea were represented by plerocercoids of two species: Diphyllobothrium sp. 1 (similar to D. latum) in stomach, stomach mucosa and mesentery and Diphyllobothrium sp. 2 (similar to D. dendriticum) in intestine, liver, ovary and abdominal cavity. Trypanorhyncha, were represented by Grillotia carvajalregorum, in stomach, intestine, liver, mesentery, abdominal cavity, abdominal and dorsal musculatures, Nybelinia lingualis in stomach, stomach mucosa, intestine, mesentery, spleen serosa, dorsal musculature, Heteronybelinia nipponica in intestine, kidney serosa, abdominal cavity and abdominal musculature, Otobothrium sp. in the stomach, intestine, liver, mesentery and abdominal cavity, Callitetrarhynchus gracilis and Pterobothrium heteracanthum in abdominal musculature, P. crassicolle in stomach serosa. Tetraphyllidea, were represented by Scolex pleuronectis in stomach and intestine. Remarks on the zoonotic potential of species included in Diphyllobothriidae and Trypanorhyncha and the role they play concerning sanitary inspections are presented. This is the first report of metacestodes parasitizing specimens of P. isosceles, De octubre de 2006 a marzo de 2008, sesenta ejemplares de lenguado Paralichthys isosceles, fueron capturados en el litoral del Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. El presente estudio trata de la identificación taxonómica de los cestodos que parasitan esta especie de pez, así como el análisis de los índices parasitológicos, los sitios de infección, teniendo en cuenta la importancia higiénico-sanitaria del hospedero en los mercados brasileños y extranjeros. Cincuenta y seis (93.3%) de los peces colectados estaban infectados con al menos un ejemplar de metacestodos. Diphyllobotriidea estuvo representados por plerocercoides de dos especies: Diphyllobothrium sp. 1 (similar a D. latum) en el estómago, la mucosa del estómago y en el mesenterio y Diphyllobothrium sp. 2 (similar a D. dendriticum) en el intestino, el hígado, el ovario y la cavidad abdominal. Trypanorhyncha estuvo representados por Grillotia carvajalregorum, en el estómago, intestino, hígado, ovario, mesenterio, la cavidad abdominal, musculatura abdominal y dorsal, Nybelinia lingualis en el estómago, la mucosa del estómago, el intestino, mesenterio, la serosa del bazo y la musculatura dorsal, Heteronybelinia nipponica en el intestino, la serosa del riñón, cavidad abdominal y la musculatura abdominal, Otobothrium sp. en el estómago, intestino, hígado, mesenterio y la cavidad abdominal. Callitetrarhynchus gracilis y Pterobothrium heteracanthum en la musculatura abdominal, P. crassicole en la serosa del estómago. Tetraphyllidea estuvo representados por Scolex pleuronectis en el estómago y el intestino. Observaciones sobre el potencial zoonótico de las especies incluidas en Diphyllobothriidae y Trypanorhyncha y el papel que desempeñan en materia de inspecciones sanitarias son presentadas.Este es el primer informe de metacestodos parasitando especímenes de P. isosceles.

Between October 2006 and March 2008, 60 specimens of Paralichthys isosceles were captured in the littoral of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to be investigated for anisakid nematodes, due to their zoonotic relevance. Five species of larval anisakid were present, in a total amount of 1,900 worms. One thousand eighty hundred and twenty larvae of Hysterothylacium sp., 71 of Raphidascaris sp., four of Terranova sp., three of Anisakis simplex and two of Contracaecum sp. were recovered. Parasites were found infecting the abdominal cavity, mesentery, intestine, liver, stomach mucosa, stomach, ovaries, abdominal musculature, and serosas of the heart, spleen, stomach, kidneys and ovaries. Hysterothylacium sp. appeared with a prevalence (P) of 100%, mean intensity (MI) of 30.3, range of infection (RI) of 1 to 596 and mean abundance (MA) of 30.3; Raphidascaris sp. with P = 36.7%, MI = 3.2, RI = 1 to 29 and MA = 1.18; Anisakis simplex with P = 5%, intensity (I) = 1 and MA = 0.05; Terranova sp. with P = 5%, MI = 1.3, RI = 1 to 2 and MA = 0.07; Contracaecum sp. with P = 3.3% I = 1 and MA = 0.03. This is the first report of parasitological indexes and sites of infection related to larval A. simplex, Contracaecum sp., Terranova sp., Hysterothylacium sp. and Raphidascaris sp. in Paralichthys isosceles. Larvae are described and illustrated. Paralichthys isosceles is a new host record for larvae of Anisakis simplex and Hysterothylacium sp., Desde Octubre hasta Marzo, 2006, 60 ejemplares de Paralichthys isosceles fueron colectados en el litoral del Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, con el objetivo de hacer un inventario de nematodos anisákidos considerando su importancia en las zoonosis. Cinco especies larvales son representadas con un total de 1.900 parásitos, siendo 1.850 muestras de Hysterothylacium sp., 71 de Raphidascaris sp., cuatro of Terranova sp., tres de Anisakis simplex y dos de Contracaecum sp. Los parásitos fueron encontrados en la cavidad abdominal, mesenterio, intestino, hígado, mucosa estomacal, estomago, ovarios, musculatura abdominal, y en las serosas del corazón, bazo, estomago, riñones y ovarios. Larvas de Hysterothylacium sp. aparecieron con una prevalencia (P) de 100%, intensidad media (MI) de 30,3, amplitud de intensidad (RI) de 1 a 596 y abundancia media (MA) de 32, Raphidascaris sp. con P = 39%, MI = 3,2, RI = 1 a 29 y MA= 1,2, Anisakis simplex con P = 5%, Intensidad (I) = 1 y MA= 0,06, Terranova sp. con P = 5%, (I) = 1 y MA= 0,05, Contracaecum sp. con P = 3,0%, I =1 y MA = 0,03. Este es el primero reporte de índices parasitarios y sitios de infección de larvas de A. simplex, Contracaecum sp. Terranova sp., Hysterothylacium sp. y Raphidascaris sp. en Paralichthys isosceles que es un nuevo registro de hospedero para larvas de Anisakis simplex y Hysterothylacium sp.

The first case of a natural helminth infection with the cestode Taenia mustelae in a specimen of the procyonid Bassarycion gabbii, the bushy-tailed olingo, from the municipality of Barcelos, State of Amazonas, Brazil is reported here. Achecklist of 15 cestode species parasitizing other procyonid hosts in the Americas, between 1958 and 2009 is included in order to update previous data. In the considered period there are no records in Mexico and Central America countries. This is the first report of T. mustelae in South America and B. gabbii is a new host record for this cestode species., Se describe el primer caso de infección natural por el cestodo Taenia mustelae en un ejemplar del prociónido chosna pericote, Bassaricyon gabbii, procedente de la localidad de Barcelos, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Un inventario de 15 especies de cestodos parásitos de otros hospederos prociónidos en las Américas entre 1958 y 2009 es incluido, con la finalidad de actualizar datos anteriores. En el período considerado, no hay registros en México y países de América Central. Esta es la primera citación de T. mustelae en América del Sur y B. gabbii, es un nuevo hospedero para esta especie de cestodo.

Between October 2006 and March 2008, 60 specimens of Paralichthys isosceles were captured in the littoral of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to be investigated for anisakid nematodes, due to their zoonotic relevance. Five species of larval anisakid were present, in a total amount of 1,900 worms. One thousand eighty hundred and twenty larvae of Hysterothylacium sp., 71 of Raphidascaris sp., four of Terranova sp., three of Anisakis simplex and two of Contracaecum sp. were recovered. Parasites were found infecting the abdominal cavity, mesentery, intestine, liver, stomach mucosa, stomach, ovaries, abdominal musculature, and serosas of the heart, spleen, stomach, kidneys and ovaries. Hysterothylacium sp. appeared with a prevalence (P) of 100%, mean intensity (MI) of 30.3, range of infection (RI) of 1 to 596 and mean abundance (MA) of 30.3; Raphidascaris sp. with P = 36.7%, MI = 3.2, RI = 1 to 29 and MA = 1.18; Anisakis simplex with P = 5%, intensity (I) = 1 and MA = 0.05; Terranova sp. with P = 5%, MI = 1.3, RI = 1 to 2 and MA = 0.07; Contracaecum sp. with P = 3.3% I = 1 and MA = 0.03. This is the first report of parasitological indexes and sites of infection related to larval A. simplex, Contracaecum sp., Terranova sp., Hysterothylacium sp. and Raphidascaris sp. in Paralichthys isosceles. Larvae are described and illustrated. Paralichthys isosceles is a new host record for larvae of Anisakis simplex and Hysterothylacium sp., Desde Octubre hasta Marzo, 2006, 60 ejemplares de Paralichthys isosceles fueron colectados en el litoral del Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, con el objetivo de hacer un inventario de nematodos anisákidos considerando su importancia en las zoonosis. Cinco especies larvales son representadas con un total de 1.900 parásitos, siendo 1.850 muestras de Hysterothylacium sp., 71 de Raphidascaris sp., cuatro of Terranova sp., tres de Anisakis simplex y dos de Contracaecum sp. Los parásitos fueron encontrados en la cavidad abdominal, mesenterio, intestino, hígado, mucosa estomacal, estomago, ovarios, musculatura abdominal, y en las serosas del corazón, bazo, estomago, riñones y ovarios. Larvas de Hysterothylacium sp. aparecieron con una prevalencia (P) de 100%, intensidad media (MI) de 30,3, amplitud de intensidad (RI) de 1 a 596 y abundancia media (MA) de 32, Raphidascaris sp. con P = 39%, MI = 3,2, RI = 1 a 29 y MA= 1,2, Anisakis simplex con P = 5%, Intensidad (I) = 1 y MA= 0,06, Terranova sp. con P = 5%, (I) = 1 y MA= 0,05, Contracaecum sp. con P = 3,0%, I =1 y MA = 0,03. Este es el primero reporte de índices parasitarios y sitios de infección de larvas de A. simplex, Contracaecum sp. Terranova sp., Hysterothylacium sp. y Raphidascaris sp. en Paralichthys isosceles que es un nuevo registro de hospedero para larvas de Anisakis simplex y Hysterothylacium sp.