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Differences in attitudes on social issues such as abortion, immigration and sex are hugely divisive, and understanding their origins is among the most important tasks facing human behavioural sciences. Despite the clear psychological importance of parenthood and the motivation to provide care for children, researchers have only recently begun investigating their influence on social and political attitudes. Because socially conservative values ostensibly prioritize safety, stability and family values, we hypothesized that being more invested in parental care might make socially conservative policies more appealing. Studies 1 (preregistered; n = 376) and 2 (n = 1924) find novel evidence of conditional experimental effects of a parenthood prime, such that people who engaged strongly with a childcare manipulation showed an increase in social conservatism. Studies 3 (n = 2610, novel data from 10 countries) and 4 (n = 426 444, World Values Survey data) find evidence that both parenthood and parental care motivation are associated with increased social conservatism around the globe. Further, most of the positive association globally between age and social conservatism is accounted for by parenthood. These findings support the hypothesis that parenthood and parental care motivation increase social conservatism.

Political and social attitudes have been shown to differ by sex in a way that tracks individual self-interest. We propose that these attitudes also change strategically to serve the best interests of either male or female kin. To test this hypothesis, we developed a measure of gendered fitness interests (GFI) - an index which reflects the sex, relatedness and residual reproductive value of close kin. We predicted that people with male-biased GFI (i.e. people with more male kin of a reproductive age) would have more conservative attitudes towards gender-related issues (e.g. gender roles, women's rights, abortion rights). An online study using an American sample (N = 560) found support for this hypothesis. Further analyses revealed that this relationship was driven not only by people's own sex and reproductive value but also by those of their descendant kin. Exploratory analyses also found a positive association between male-biased GFI and a measure of conformity, as well as a smaller association between male-biased GFI and having voted Republican in the last election. Both of these associations were statistically mediated by gender-related conservatism. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that GFI influences sociopolitical attitudes.

For the last decade, the CAS Future Leaders program has gathered early-career scientists from across the globe based on their outstanding accomplishments in the field of chemistry to provide support to participants in cultivating their own voices and futures in scientific leadership. The goal of the program has been to empower early-career scientists like us to begin to shape our own future leadership roles, from learning to convey effective speech by developing our own research stories to growing to be better mentors for the next generation of future leaders. In 2019, to honor the 10th anniversary of the program, the CAS Future Leaders program encompassed essential leadership skills divided into five topics, namely, storytelling, insights, strategies, perspectives, and impact, some of which were new to the program this year. However, what was not new to the program was an emphasis on the potential global impact that this program could make. To do this, the program brought together in this cohort 29 post-docs and graduate students, from 16 countries. A staple of this program is not only the breadth of countries that are represented but also the many facets of chemistry that are represented as demonstrated later in the article. One reason for this is that a leader in the sciences will need to be open to innovations across discipline and geographical boundaries, something that we explored a lot during our time together.

Screening experiments are procedures designed to identify the most important factors in simulation models. Previously proposed one-stage procedures such as sequential bifurcation (SB) and controlled sequential bifurcation (CSB) require factor effects to be arranged according to estimated sign or magnitude prior to screening. FF-CSB is a two-stage screening procedure for simulation experiments proposed by Sanchez et al. (2005) which uses an efficient fractional factorial experiment to estimate factor effects automatically, removing the need for pre-estimation. Empirical results show that FF-CSB classifies factor effects as well as CSB in fewer runs when factors are only grouped by their sign (positive or negative). In theory, the procedure can achieve more efficient run times when factors are also sorted by estimated effect after the first stage. This analysis tests the efficiency and performance characteristics of a sorted FF-CSB procedure under a variety of conditions and finds that the procedure classifies factors as well as unsorted FF-CSB with significant improvement in run times. Additionally, various model- and user-determined scenarios are tested in an initial attempt to parameterize run times against parameters known or controlled by the modeler. Further experimentation is also suggested., http://archive.org/details/anempiricalevalu109452788, Ensign, United States Navy, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

This study examines the historical evolution and legislative valuation of the National Teacher Certification Incentive Reward Program and Fund in the Commonwealth of Virginia. This fund offers stipends to teachers who earn National Board Certification from the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards. This research project included three steps of data collection. First, the legislative history of Virginia's National Teacher Certification Incentive Reward Program and Fund, which covered the General Assembly Session in 1999, was reviewed. The second step was open-ended interviews with legislators and a representative from the Virginia Education Association who participated in the creation of the "Fund." The third step was to collect and report the incentives that are offered by the local education agencies for teachers who earn National Board Certification. The study reported that the initial plan devised by the Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy in the report, A Nation Prepared (1986) that National Board Certification was not implemented with fidelity in the Commonwealth of Virginia, according to the intended design when it pertained to both how to strategically use the skills of NBCTs and how to ensure NBCTs are working with the students most in need of help. As supported by the interview data, the study shows those interviewed value great teachers and are willing to support them with financial incentives.

2010 U.S. Army Corrosion Summit, Huntsville, AL, 9-11 Feb. U.S. Government or Federal Rights License. The original document contains color images.

Screening experiments are procedures designed to identify the most important factors in simulation models. Previously proposed one-stage procedures such as sequential bifurcation (SB) and controlled sequential bifurcation (CSB) require factor effects to be arranged according to estimated sign or magnitude prior to screening. FF-CSB is a two-stage screening procedure for simulation experiments proposed by Sanchez et al. (2005) which uses an efficient fractional factorial experiment to estimate factor effects automatically, removing the need for pre-estimation. Empirical results show that FF-CSB classifies factor effects as well as CSB in fewer runs when factors are only grouped by their sign (positive or negative). In theory, the procedure can achieve more efficient run times when factors are also sorted by estimated effect after the first stage. This analysis tests the efficiency and performance characteristics of a sorted FF-CSB procedure under a variety of conditions and finds that the procedure classifies factors as well as unsorted FF-CSB with significant improvement in run times. Additionally, various model- and user-determined scenarios are tested in an initial attempt to parameterize run times against parameters known or controlled by the modeler. Further experimentation is also suggested., The original document contains color images.

Screening experiments are procedures designed to identify the most important factors in simulation models. Previously proposed one-stage procedures such as sequential bifurcation (SB) and controlled sequential bifurcation (CSB) require factor effects to be arranged according to estimated sign or magnitude prior to screening. FF-CSB is a two-stage screening procedure for simulation experiments proposed by Sanchez et al. (2005) which uses an efficient fractional factorial experiment to estimate factor effects automatically, removing the need for pre-estimation. Empirical results show that FF-CSB classifies factor effects as well as CSB in fewer runs when factors are only grouped by their sign (positive or negative). In theory, the procedure can achieve more efficient run times when factors are also sorted by estimated effect after the first stage. This analysis tests the efficiency and performance characteristics of a sorted FF-CSB procedure under a variety of conditions and finds that the procedure classifies factors as well as unsorted FF-CSB with significant improvement in run times. Additionally, various model- and user-determined scenarios are tested in an initial attempt to parameterize run times against parameters known or controlled by the modeler. Further experimentation is also suggested.

A cobalt-free maraging steel, Vasco Max t-250, is being used as a replacement for the conventional, 18% Ni 300 grade maraging steel used by the Army. The thrust of this programs was to characterized the microstructure of annealed and aged specimens using optical and electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The structure of the annealed sample is a heavily dislocated lath martensite. The aged sample are a lath martensite that contains very fine Ni3Ti second phase particles. The precipitates are coherent with the matrix and form in a Widmanstatten pattern. The Ni3Ti precipitates are a very effective strengthening phase of the Vasco Mas T-250 and the aging temperature that appears to optimize the strengthening precipitates is 950 F.