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40 results on '"Kema, Gert H. J."'

1. Genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen in Cuba and across Latin America and the Caribbean

Author

Martínez-de la Parte, Einar, Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Torres, David E, van Westerhoven, Anouk, Meijer, Harold J G, Seidl, Michael F, Kema, Gert H J, Martínez-de la Parte, Einar, Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Torres, David E, van Westerhoven, Anouk, Meijer, Harold J G, Seidl, Michael F, and Kema, Gert H J

Abstract

Fusarium wilt of bananas (FWB) is a severe plant disease that leads to substantial losses in banana production worldwide. It remains a major concern for Cuban banana cultivation. The disease is caused by members of the soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum species complex. However, the genetic diversity among Fusarium species infecting bananas in Cuba has remained largely unexplored. In our comprehensive survey, we examined symptomatic banana plants across all production zones in the country, collecting 170 Fusarium isolates. Leveraging genotyping-by-sequencing and whole-genome comparisons, we investigated the genetic diversity within these isolates and compared it with a global Fusarium panel. Notably, typical FWB symptoms were observed in Bluggoe cooking bananas and Pisang Awak subgroups across 14 provinces. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that F. purpurascens, F. phialophorum, and F. tardichlamydosporum are responsible for FWB in Cuba, with F. tardichlamydosporum dominating the population. Furthermore, we identified between five and seven distinct genetic clusters, with F. tardichlamydosporum isolates forming at least two subgroups. This finding underscores the high genetic diversity of Fusarium spp. contributing to FWB in the Americas. Our study sheds light on the population genetic structure and diversity of the FWB pathogen in Cuba and the broader Latin American and Caribbean regions.

Published
2024

2. Segmental duplications drive the evolution of accessory regions in a major crop pathogen

Author

van Westerhoven, Anouk C, Aguilera-Galvez, Carolina, Nakasato-Tagami, Giuliana, Shi-Kunne, Xiaoqian, Martinez de la Parte, Einar, Chavarro-Carrero, Edgar, Meijer, Harold J G, Feurtey, Alice, Maryani, Nani, Ordóñez, Nadia, Schneiders, Harrie, Nijbroek, Koen, Wittenberg, Alexander H J, Hofstede, Rene, García-Bastidas, Fernando, Sørensen, Anker, Swennen, Ronny, Drenth, Andre, Stukenbrock, Eva H, Kema, Gert H J, Seidl, Michael F, van Westerhoven, Anouk C, Aguilera-Galvez, Carolina, Nakasato-Tagami, Giuliana, Shi-Kunne, Xiaoqian, Martinez de la Parte, Einar, Chavarro-Carrero, Edgar, Meijer, Harold J G, Feurtey, Alice, Maryani, Nani, Ordóñez, Nadia, Schneiders, Harrie, Nijbroek, Koen, Wittenberg, Alexander H J, Hofstede, Rene, García-Bastidas, Fernando, Sørensen, Anker, Swennen, Ronny, Drenth, Andre, Stukenbrock, Eva H, Kema, Gert H J, and Seidl, Michael F

Abstract

Many pathogens evolved compartmentalized genomes with conserved core and variable accessory regions (ARs) that carry effector genes mediating virulence. The fungal plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum has such ARs, often spanning entire chromosomes. The presence of specific ARs influences the host range, and horizontal transfer of ARs can modify the pathogenicity of the receiving strain. However, how these ARs evolve in strains that infect the same host remains largely unknown. We defined the pan-genome of 69 diverse F. oxysporum strains that cause Fusarium wilt of banana, a significant constraint to global banana production, and analyzed the diversity and evolution of the ARs. Accessory regions in F. oxysporum strains infecting the same banana cultivar are highly diverse, and we could not identify any shared genomic regions and in planta-induced effectors. We demonstrate that segmental duplications drive the evolution of ARs. Furthermore, we show that recent segmental duplications specifically in accessory chromosomes cause the expansion of ARs in F. oxysporum. Taken together, we conclude that extensive recent duplications drive the evolution of ARs in F. oxysporum, which contribute to the evolution of virulence.

Published
2024

3. A chromosome-level genome assembly of Zasmidium syzygii isolated from banana leaves

Author

van Westerhoven, Anouk C, Mehrabi, Rahim, Talebi, Reza, Steentjes, Maikel B F, Corcolon, Benny, Chong, Pablo A, Kema, Gert H J, Seidl, Michael F, van Westerhoven, Anouk C, Mehrabi, Rahim, Talebi, Reza, Steentjes, Maikel B F, Corcolon, Benny, Chong, Pablo A, Kema, Gert H J, and Seidl, Michael F

Abstract

Accurate taxonomic classification of samples from infected host material is essential for disease diagnostics and genome analyses. Despite the importance, diagnosis of fungal pathogens causing banana leaf diseases remains challenging. Foliar diseases of bananas are mainly caused by 3 Pseudocercospora species, of which the most predominant causal agent is Pseudocercospora fijiensis. Here, we sequenced and assembled four fungal isolates obtained from necrotic banana leaves in Bohol (Philippines) and obtained a high-quality genome assembly for one of these isolates. The samples were initially identified as P. fijiensis using PCR diagnostics; however, the assembly size was consistently 30 Mb smaller than expected. Based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, we identified the samples as Zasmidium syzygii (98.7% identity). The high-quality Zasmidium syzygii assembly is 42.5 Mb in size, comprising 16 contigs, of which 11 are most likely complete chromosomes. The genome contains 98.6% of the expected single-copy BUSCO genes and contains 14,789 genes and 10.3% repeats. The 3 short-read assemblies are less continuous but have similar genome sizes (40.4-42.4 Mb) and contain between 96.5 and 98.4% BUSCO genes. All 4 isolates have identical ITS sequences and are distinct from Zasmidium isolates that were previously sampled from banana leaves. We thus report the first continuous genome assembly of a member of the Zasmidium genus, forming an essential resource for further analysis to enhance our understanding of the diversity of pathogenic fungal isolates as well as fungal diversity.

Published
2024

4. Segmental duplications drive the evolution of accessory regions in a major crop pathogen

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, van Westerhoven, Anouk C, Aguilera-Galvez, Carolina, Nakasato-Tagami, Giuliana, Shi-Kunne, Xiaoqian, Martinez de la Parte, Einar, Chavarro-Carrero, Edgar, Meijer, Harold J G, Feurtey, Alice, Maryani, Nani, Ordóñez, Nadia, Schneiders, Harrie, Nijbroek, Koen, Wittenberg, Alexander H J, Hofstede, Rene, García-Bastidas, Fernando, Sørensen, Anker, Swennen, Ronny, Drenth, Andre, Stukenbrock, Eva H, Kema, Gert H J, Seidl, Michael F, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, van Westerhoven, Anouk C, Aguilera-Galvez, Carolina, Nakasato-Tagami, Giuliana, Shi-Kunne, Xiaoqian, Martinez de la Parte, Einar, Chavarro-Carrero, Edgar, Meijer, Harold J G, Feurtey, Alice, Maryani, Nani, Ordóñez, Nadia, Schneiders, Harrie, Nijbroek, Koen, Wittenberg, Alexander H J, Hofstede, Rene, García-Bastidas, Fernando, Sørensen, Anker, Swennen, Ronny, Drenth, Andre, Stukenbrock, Eva H, Kema, Gert H J, and Seidl, Michael F

Published
2024

5. Genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen in Cuba and across Latin America and the Caribbean

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Martínez-de la Parte, Einar, Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Torres, David E, van Westerhoven, Anouk, Meijer, Harold J G, Seidl, Michael F, Kema, Gert H J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Martínez-de la Parte, Einar, Pérez-Vicente, Luis, Torres, David E, van Westerhoven, Anouk, Meijer, Harold J G, Seidl, Michael F, and Kema, Gert H J

Published
2024

6. A chromosome-level genome assembly of Zasmidium syzygii isolated from banana leaves

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, van Westerhoven, Anouk C, Mehrabi, Rahim, Talebi, Reza, Steentjes, Maikel B F, Corcolon, Benny, Chong, Pablo A, Kema, Gert H J, Seidl, Michael F, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, van Westerhoven, Anouk C, Mehrabi, Rahim, Talebi, Reza, Steentjes, Maikel B F, Corcolon, Benny, Chong, Pablo A, Kema, Gert H J, and Seidl, Michael F

Published
2024

7. A thousand-genome panel retraces the global spread and adaptation of a major fungal crop pathogen

Author

Feurtey, Alice, Lorrain, Cécile, McDonald, Megan C, Milgate, Andrew, Solomon, Peter S, Warren, Rachael, Puccetti, Guido, Scalliet, Gabriel, Torriani, Stefano F F, Gout, Lilian, Marcel, Thierry C, Suffert, Frédéric, Alassimone, Julien, Lipzen, Anna, Yoshinaga, Yuko, Daum, Christopher, Barry, Kerrie, Grigoriev, Igor V, Goodwin, Stephen B, Genissel, Anne, Seidl, Michael F, Stukenbrock, Eva H, Lebrun, Marc-Henri, Kema, Gert H J, McDonald, Bruce A, Croll, Daniel, Feurtey, Alice, Lorrain, Cécile, McDonald, Megan C, Milgate, Andrew, Solomon, Peter S, Warren, Rachael, Puccetti, Guido, Scalliet, Gabriel, Torriani, Stefano F F, Gout, Lilian, Marcel, Thierry C, Suffert, Frédéric, Alassimone, Julien, Lipzen, Anna, Yoshinaga, Yuko, Daum, Christopher, Barry, Kerrie, Grigoriev, Igor V, Goodwin, Stephen B, Genissel, Anne, Seidl, Michael F, Stukenbrock, Eva H, Lebrun, Marc-Henri, Kema, Gert H J, McDonald, Bruce A, and Croll, Daniel

Abstract

Human activity impacts the evolutionary trajectories of many species worldwide. Global trade of agricultural goods contributes to the dispersal of pathogens reshaping their genetic makeup and providing opportunities for virulence gains. Understanding how pathogens surmount control strategies and cope with new climates is crucial to predicting the future impact of crop pathogens. Here, we address this by assembling a global thousand-genome panel of Zymoseptoria tritici, a major fungal pathogen of wheat reported in all production areas worldwide. We identify the global invasion routes and ongoing genetic exchange of the pathogen among wheat-growing regions. We find that the global expansion was accompanied by increased activity of transposable elements and weakened genomic defenses. Finally, we find significant standing variation for adaptation to new climates encountered during the global spread. Our work shows how large population genomic panels enable deep insights into the evolutionary trajectory of a major crop pathogen.

Published
2023

8. A thousand-genome panel retraces the global spread and adaptation of a major fungal crop pathogen

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Feurtey, Alice, Lorrain, Cécile, McDonald, Megan C, Milgate, Andrew, Solomon, Peter S, Warren, Rachael, Puccetti, Guido, Scalliet, Gabriel, Torriani, Stefano F F, Gout, Lilian, Marcel, Thierry C, Suffert, Frédéric, Alassimone, Julien, Lipzen, Anna, Yoshinaga, Yuko, Daum, Christopher, Barry, Kerrie, Grigoriev, Igor V, Goodwin, Stephen B, Genissel, Anne, Seidl, Michael F, Stukenbrock, Eva H, Lebrun, Marc-Henri, Kema, Gert H J, McDonald, Bruce A, Croll, Daniel, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Feurtey, Alice, Lorrain, Cécile, McDonald, Megan C, Milgate, Andrew, Solomon, Peter S, Warren, Rachael, Puccetti, Guido, Scalliet, Gabriel, Torriani, Stefano F F, Gout, Lilian, Marcel, Thierry C, Suffert, Frédéric, Alassimone, Julien, Lipzen, Anna, Yoshinaga, Yuko, Daum, Christopher, Barry, Kerrie, Grigoriev, Igor V, Goodwin, Stephen B, Genissel, Anne, Seidl, Michael F, Stukenbrock, Eva H, Lebrun, Marc-Henri, Kema, Gert H J, McDonald, Bruce A, and Croll, Daniel

Published
2023

9. A thousand-genome panel retraces the global spread and adaptation of a major fungal crop pathogen

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Feurtey, Alice, Lorrain, Cécile, McDonald, Megan C, Milgate, Andrew, Solomon, Peter S, Warren, Rachael, Puccetti, Guido, Scalliet, Gabriel, Torriani, Stefano F F, Gout, Lilian, Marcel, Thierry C, Suffert, Frédéric, Alassimone, Julien, Lipzen, Anna, Yoshinaga, Yuko, Daum, Christopher, Barry, Kerrie, Grigoriev, Igor V, Goodwin, Stephen B, Genissel, Anne, Seidl, Michael F, Stukenbrock, Eva H, Lebrun, Marc-Henri, Kema, Gert H J, McDonald, Bruce A, Croll, Daniel, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Feurtey, Alice, Lorrain, Cécile, McDonald, Megan C, Milgate, Andrew, Solomon, Peter S, Warren, Rachael, Puccetti, Guido, Scalliet, Gabriel, Torriani, Stefano F F, Gout, Lilian, Marcel, Thierry C, Suffert, Frédéric, Alassimone, Julien, Lipzen, Anna, Yoshinaga, Yuko, Daum, Christopher, Barry, Kerrie, Grigoriev, Igor V, Goodwin, Stephen B, Genissel, Anne, Seidl, Michael F, Stukenbrock, Eva H, Lebrun, Marc-Henri, Kema, Gert H J, McDonald, Bruce A, and Croll, Daniel

Published
2023

11. Induced resistance to Fusarium wilt of banana caused by Tropical Race 4 in Cavendish cv Grand Naine bananas after challenging with avirulent Fusarium spp

Author

García-Bastidas, Fernando A, Arango-Isaza, Rafael, Rodriguez-Cabal, Hector A, Seidl, Michael F, Cappadona, Giulio, Segura, Rafael, Salacinas, Maricar, Kema, Gert H J, García-Bastidas, Fernando A, Arango-Isaza, Rafael, Rodriguez-Cabal, Hector A, Seidl, Michael F, Cappadona, Giulio, Segura, Rafael, Salacinas, Maricar, and Kema, Gert H J

Abstract

In the last century, Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) destroyed the banana cultivar Gros Michel. The Cavendish cultivars saved the global banana industry, and currently they dominate global production (~50%) and the export trade (~95%). However, a new strain called Tropical Race 4 (TR4) surfaced in the late 1960's, spread globally and greatly damages Cavendish plantations as well as manifold local varieties that are primarily grown by small holders. Presently, there is no commercially available replacement for Cavendish and hence control strategies must be developed and implemented to manage FWB. Here, we studied whether it is possible to induce resistance to TR4 by pre-inoculations with different Fusarium spp. Only pre-treatments with an avirulent Race 1 strain significantly reduced disease development of TR4 in a Cavendish genotype and this effect was stable at various nutritional and pH conditions. We then used transcriptome analysis to study the molecular basis of this response. Several genes involved in plant defence responses were up-regulated during the initial stages of individual infections with TR4 and Race 1, as well as in combined treatments. In addition, a number of genes in the ethylene and jasmonate response pathways as well as several gibberellin synthesis associated genes were induced. We observed upregulation of RGA2 like genes in all treatments. Hence, RGA2 could be a key factor involved in both R1 and TR4 resistance. The data support the hypothesis that activating resistance to Race 1 in Cavendish bananas affects TR4 development and provide a first insight of gene expression during the interaction between various Fusarium spp. and banana.

Published
2022

12. Uncontained spread of Fusarium wilt of banana threatens African food security

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, van Westerhoven, Anouk C, Meijer, Harold J G, Seidl, Michael F, Kema, Gert H J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, van Westerhoven, Anouk C, Meijer, Harold J G, Seidl, Michael F, and Kema, Gert H J

Published
2022

13. Induced resistance to Fusarium wilt of banana caused by Tropical Race 4 in Cavendish cv Grand Naine bananas after challenging with avirulent Fusarium spp

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, García-Bastidas, Fernando A, Arango-Isaza, Rafael, Rodriguez-Cabal, Hector A, Seidl, Michael F, Cappadona, Giulio, Segura, Rafael, Salacinas, Maricar, Kema, Gert H J, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, García-Bastidas, Fernando A, Arango-Isaza, Rafael, Rodriguez-Cabal, Hector A, Seidl, Michael F, Cappadona, Giulio, Segura, Rafael, Salacinas, Maricar, and Kema, Gert H J

Published
2022

14. Induced resistance to Fusarium wilt of banana caused by Tropical Race 4 in Cavendish cv Grand Naine bananas after challenging with avirulent Fusarium spp

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, García-Bastidas, Fernando A, Arango-Isaza, Rafael, Rodriguez-Cabal, Hector A, Seidl, Michael F, Cappadona, Giulio, Segura, Rafael, Salacinas, Maricar, Kema, Gert H J, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, García-Bastidas, Fernando A, Arango-Isaza, Rafael, Rodriguez-Cabal, Hector A, Seidl, Michael F, Cappadona, Giulio, Segura, Rafael, Salacinas, Maricar, and Kema, Gert H J

Published
2022

15. Uncontained spread of Fusarium wilt of banana threatens African food security

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, van Westerhoven, Anouk C, Meijer, Harold J G, Seidl, Michael F, Kema, Gert H J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, van Westerhoven, Anouk C, Meijer, Harold J G, Seidl, Michael F, and Kema, Gert H J

Published
2022

16. A world-wide analysis of reduced sensitivity to DMI fungicides in the banana pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis

Author

Chong, Pablo, Essoh, Josué Ngando, Arango Isaza, Rafael E, Keizer, Paul, Stergiopoulos, Ioannis, Seidl, Michael F, Guzman, Mauricio, Sandoval, Jorge, Verweij, Paul E, Scalliet, Gabriel, Sierotzski, Helge, de Lapeyre de Bellaire, Luc, Crous, Pedro W, Carlier, Jean, Cros, Sandrine, Meijer, Harold J G, Peralta, Esther Lilia, Kema, Gert H J, Chong, Pablo, Essoh, Josué Ngando, Arango Isaza, Rafael E, Keizer, Paul, Stergiopoulos, Ioannis, Seidl, Michael F, Guzman, Mauricio, Sandoval, Jorge, Verweij, Paul E, Scalliet, Gabriel, Sierotzski, Helge, de Lapeyre de Bellaire, Luc, Crous, Pedro W, Carlier, Jean, Cros, Sandrine, Meijer, Harold J G, Peralta, Esther Lilia, and Kema, Gert H J

Abstract

BACKGROUND Pseudocercospora fijiensis is the causal agent of the black leaf streak disease (BLSD) of banana. Bananas are important global export commodities and a major staple food. Their susceptibility to BLSD pushes disease management towards excessive fungicide use, largely relying on multisite inhibitors and sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). These fungicides are ubiquitous in plant disease control, targeting the CYP51 enzyme. We examined sensitivity to DMIs in P. fijiensis field isolates collected from various major banana production zones in Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, the Philippines, Guadalupe, Martinique and Cameroon and determined the underlying genetic reasons for the observed phenotypes. RESULTS We observed a continuous range of sensitivity towards the DMI fungicides difenoconazole, epoxiconazole and propiconazole with clear cross-sensitivity. Sequence analyses of PfCYP51 in 266 isolates showed 28 independent amino acid substitutions, nine of which correlated with reduced sensitivity to DMIs. In addition to the mutations, we observed up to six insertions in the Pfcyp51 promoter. Such promoter insertions contain repeated elements with a palindromic core and correlate with the enhanced expression of Pfcyp51 and hence with reduced DMI sensitivity. Wild-type isolates from unsprayed bananas fields did not contain any promoter insertions. CONCLUSION The presented data significantly contribute to understanding of the evolution and global distribution of DMI resistance mechanisms in P. fijiensis field populations and facilitate the prediction of different DMI efficacy. The overall reduced DMI sensitivity calls for the deployment of a wider range of solutions for sustainable control of this major banana disease. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Published
2021

17. A world-wide analysis of reduced sensitivity to DMI fungicides in the banana pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis

Author

Chong, Pablo, Essoh, Josué Ngando, Arango Isaza, Rafael E, Keizer, Paul, Stergiopoulos, Ioannis, Seidl, Michael F, Guzman, Mauricio, Sandoval, Jorge, Verweij, Paul E, Scalliet, Gabriel, Sierotzski, Helge, de Lapeyre de Bellaire, Luc, Crous, Pedro W, Carlier, Jean, Cros, Sandrine, Meijer, Harold J G, Peralta, Esther Lilia, Kema, Gert H J, Chong, Pablo, Essoh, Josué Ngando, Arango Isaza, Rafael E, Keizer, Paul, Stergiopoulos, Ioannis, Seidl, Michael F, Guzman, Mauricio, Sandoval, Jorge, Verweij, Paul E, Scalliet, Gabriel, Sierotzski, Helge, de Lapeyre de Bellaire, Luc, Crous, Pedro W, Carlier, Jean, Cros, Sandrine, Meijer, Harold J G, Peralta, Esther Lilia, and Kema, Gert H J

Abstract

BACKGROUND Pseudocercospora fijiensis is the causal agent of the black leaf streak disease (BLSD) of banana. Bananas are important global export commodities and a major staple food. Their susceptibility to BLSD pushes disease management towards excessive fungicide use, largely relying on multisite inhibitors and sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). These fungicides are ubiquitous in plant disease control, targeting the CYP51 enzyme. We examined sensitivity to DMIs in P. fijiensis field isolates collected from various major banana production zones in Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, the Philippines, Guadalupe, Martinique and Cameroon and determined the underlying genetic reasons for the observed phenotypes. RESULTS We observed a continuous range of sensitivity towards the DMI fungicides difenoconazole, epoxiconazole and propiconazole with clear cross-sensitivity. Sequence analyses of PfCYP51 in 266 isolates showed 28 independent amino acid substitutions, nine of which correlated with reduced sensitivity to DMIs. In addition to the mutations, we observed up to six insertions in the Pfcyp51 promoter. Such promoter insertions contain repeated elements with a palindromic core and correlate with the enhanced expression of Pfcyp51 and hence with reduced DMI sensitivity. Wild-type isolates from unsprayed bananas fields did not contain any promoter insertions. CONCLUSION The presented data significantly contribute to understanding of the evolution and global distribution of DMI resistance mechanisms in P. fijiensis field populations and facilitate the prediction of different DMI efficacy. The overall reduced DMI sensitivity calls for the deployment of a wider range of solutions for sustainable control of this major banana disease. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Published
2021

18. New Geographical Insights of the Latest Expansion of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Into the Greater Mekong Subregion

Author

Zheng, Si-Jun, García-Bastidas, Fernando A, Li, Xundong, Zeng, Li, Bai, Tingting, Xu, Shengtao, Yin, Kesuo, Li, Hongxiang, Fu, Gang, Yu, Yanchun, Yang, Liu, Nguyen, Huy Chung, Douangboupha, Bounneuang, Khaing, Aye Aye, Drenth, Andre, Seidl, Michael F, Meijer, Harold J G, Kema, Gert H J, Zheng, Si-Jun, García-Bastidas, Fernando A, Li, Xundong, Zeng, Li, Bai, Tingting, Xu, Shengtao, Yin, Kesuo, Li, Hongxiang, Fu, Gang, Yu, Yanchun, Yang, Liu, Nguyen, Huy Chung, Douangboupha, Bounneuang, Khaing, Aye Aye, Drenth, Andre, Seidl, Michael F, Meijer, Harold J G, and Kema, Gert H J

Published
2018

19. New Geographical Insights of the Latest Expansion of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Into the Greater Mekong Subregion

Author

Zheng, Si-Jun, García-Bastidas, Fernando A, Li, Xundong, Zeng, Li, Bai, Tingting, Xu, Shengtao, Yin, Kesuo, Li, Hongxiang, Fu, Gang, Yu, Yanchun, Yang, Liu, Nguyen, Huy Chung, Douangboupha, Bounneuang, Khaing, Aye Aye, Drenth, Andre, Seidl, Michael F, Meijer, Harold J G, Kema, Gert H J, Zheng, Si-Jun, García-Bastidas, Fernando A, Li, Xundong, Zeng, Li, Bai, Tingting, Xu, Shengtao, Yin, Kesuo, Li, Hongxiang, Fu, Gang, Yu, Yanchun, Yang, Liu, Nguyen, Huy Chung, Douangboupha, Bounneuang, Khaing, Aye Aye, Drenth, Andre, Seidl, Michael F, Meijer, Harold J G, and Kema, Gert H J

Published
2018

20. New Geographical Insights of the Latest Expansion of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Into the Greater Mekong Subregion

Author

Zheng, Si-Jun, García-Bastidas, Fernando A, Li, Xundong, Zeng, Li, Bai, Tingting, Xu, Shengtao, Yin, Kesuo, Li, Hongxiang, Fu, Gang, Yu, Yanchun, Yang, Liu, Nguyen, Huy Chung, Douangboupha, Bounneuang, Khaing, Aye Aye, Drenth, Andre, Seidl, Michael F, Meijer, Harold J G, Kema, Gert H J, Zheng, Si-Jun, García-Bastidas, Fernando A, Li, Xundong, Zeng, Li, Bai, Tingting, Xu, Shengtao, Yin, Kesuo, Li, Hongxiang, Fu, Gang, Yu, Yanchun, Yang, Liu, Nguyen, Huy Chung, Douangboupha, Bounneuang, Khaing, Aye Aye, Drenth, Andre, Seidl, Michael F, Meijer, Harold J G, and Kema, Gert H J

Published
2018

21. Combating a Global Threat to a Clonal Crop: Banana Black Sigatoka Pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis (Synonym Mycosphaerella fijiensis) Genomes Reveal Clues for Disease Control

Author

Arango Isaza, Rafael E., Diaz-Trujillo, Caucasella, Dhillon, Braham, Aerts, Andrea, Carlier, Jean, Crane, Charles F., V. de Jong, Tristan, de Vries, Ineke, Dietrich, Robert, Farmer, Andrew D., Fortes Fereira, Claudia, Garcia, Suzana, Guzman, Mauricio, Hamelin, Richard C., Lindquist, Erika A., Mehrabi, Rahim, Quiros, Olman, Schmutz, Jeremy, Shapiro, Harris, Reynolds, Elizabeth, Scalliet, Gabriel, Souza Manoel, Jr., Stergiopoulos, Ioannis, Van der Lee, Theo A. J., De Wit, Pierre J. G. M., Zapater, Marie-Françoise, Zwiers, Lute-Harm, Grigoriev, Igor V., Goodwin, Stephen B., Kema, Gert H. J., Arango Isaza, Rafael E., Diaz-Trujillo, Caucasella, Dhillon, Braham, Aerts, Andrea, Carlier, Jean, Crane, Charles F., V. de Jong, Tristan, de Vries, Ineke, Dietrich, Robert, Farmer, Andrew D., Fortes Fereira, Claudia, Garcia, Suzana, Guzman, Mauricio, Hamelin, Richard C., Lindquist, Erika A., Mehrabi, Rahim, Quiros, Olman, Schmutz, Jeremy, Shapiro, Harris, Reynolds, Elizabeth, Scalliet, Gabriel, Souza Manoel, Jr., Stergiopoulos, Ioannis, Van der Lee, Theo A. J., De Wit, Pierre J. G. M., Zapater, Marie-Françoise, Zwiers, Lute-Harm, Grigoriev, Igor V., Goodwin, Stephen B., and Kema, Gert H. J.

Abstract

Black Sigatoka or black leaf streak disease, caused by the ascomycete fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis, inflicts huge costs on banana producers, due to crop losses and expenses for disease control. The global banana export trade relies on Cavendish clones that are highly susceptible to P. fijiensis. Sustainable production of the world’s number one fruit requires a better understanding of host resistance and sophisticated management of fungicide resistance in the pathogen. In the P. fijiensis genome sequence we identified an effector that induced an HR-like necrosis on a resistant banana accession but not on a susceptible cultivar. If validated, this assay may be useful for identifying resistance in banana breeding programs. We also used the genomic sequence to develop highly polymorphic molecular markers for analyzing P. fijiensis field populations and identified a strong enrichment (nearly 100%) for fungicide resistance markers in fungicide-treated banana plantations compared to untreated wild-type populations. This rapid evolution of fungicide resistance poses an immediate threat to sustainable banana production.

Published
2016

22. Combating a Global Threat to a Clonal Crop: Banana Black Sigatoka Pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis (Synonym Mycosphaerella fijiensis) Genomes Reveal Clues for Disease Control

Author

Arango Isaza, Rafael E., Diaz-Trujillo, Caucasella, Dhillon, Braham, Aerts, Andrea, Carlier, Jean, Crane, Charles F., V. de Jong, Tristan, de Vries, Ineke, Dietrich, Robert, Farmer, Andrew D., Fortes Fereira, Claudia, Garcia, Suzana, Guzman, Mauricio, Hamelin, Richard C., Lindquist, Erika A., Mehrabi, Rahim, Quiros, Olman, Schmutz, Jeremy, Shapiro, Harris, Reynolds, Elizabeth, Scalliet, Gabriel, Souza Manoel, Jr., Stergiopoulos, Ioannis, Van der Lee, Theo A. J., De Wit, Pierre J. G. M., Zapater, Marie-Françoise, Zwiers, Lute-Harm, Grigoriev, Igor V., Goodwin, Stephen B., Kema, Gert H. J., Arango Isaza, Rafael E., Diaz-Trujillo, Caucasella, Dhillon, Braham, Aerts, Andrea, Carlier, Jean, Crane, Charles F., V. de Jong, Tristan, de Vries, Ineke, Dietrich, Robert, Farmer, Andrew D., Fortes Fereira, Claudia, Garcia, Suzana, Guzman, Mauricio, Hamelin, Richard C., Lindquist, Erika A., Mehrabi, Rahim, Quiros, Olman, Schmutz, Jeremy, Shapiro, Harris, Reynolds, Elizabeth, Scalliet, Gabriel, Souza Manoel, Jr., Stergiopoulos, Ioannis, Van der Lee, Theo A. J., De Wit, Pierre J. G. M., Zapater, Marie-Françoise, Zwiers, Lute-Harm, Grigoriev, Igor V., Goodwin, Stephen B., and Kema, Gert H. J.

Abstract

Black Sigatoka or black leaf streak disease, caused by the ascomycete fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis, inflicts huge costs on banana producers, due to crop losses and expenses for disease control. The global banana export trade relies on Cavendish clones that are highly susceptible to P. fijiensis. Sustainable production of the world’s number one fruit requires a better understanding of host resistance and sophisticated management of fungicide resistance in the pathogen. In the P. fijiensis genome sequence we identified an effector that induced an HR-like necrosis on a resistant banana accession but not on a susceptible cultivar. If validated, this assay may be useful for identifying resistance in banana breeding programs. We also used the genomic sequence to develop highly polymorphic molecular markers for analyzing P. fijiensis field populations and identified a strong enrichment (nearly 100%) for fungicide resistance markers in fungicide-treated banana plantations compared to untreated wild-type populations. This rapid evolution of fungicide resistance poses an immediate threat to sustainable banana production.

Published
2016

23. Diverse Lifestyles and Strategies of Plant Pathogenesis Encoded in the Genomes of Eighteen Dothideomycetes

Author

Ohm, Robin A., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher, Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, Wit, Pierre J. G. M. de, Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., Grigoriev, Igor V., Ohm, Robin A., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher, Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, Wit, Pierre J. G. M. de, Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., and Grigoriev, Igor V.

Abstract

The class of Dothideomycetes is one of the largest and most diverse groups of fungi. Many are plant pathogens and pose a serious threat to agricultural crops that are grown for biofuel, food or feed. Most Dothideomycetes have only a single host plant, and related species can have very diverse hosts. Eighteen genomes of Dothideomycetes have currently been sequenced by the Joint Genome Institute and other sequencing centers. Here we describe the results of comparative analyses of the fungi in this group.

Published
2013

24. Diverse Lifestyles and Strategies of Plant Pathogenesis Encoded in the Genomes of Eighteen Dothideomycetes

Author

Ohm, Robin A., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher, Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, Wit, Pierre J. G. M. de, Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., Grigoriev, Igor V., Ohm, Robin A., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher, Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, Wit, Pierre J. G. M. de, Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., and Grigoriev, Igor V.

Abstract

The class of Dothideomycetes is one of the largest and most diverse groups of fungi. Many are plant pathogens and pose a serious threat to agricultural crops that are grown for biofuel, food or feed. Most Dothideomycetes have only a single host plant, and related species can have very diverse hosts. Eighteen genomes of Dothideomycetes have currently been sequenced by the Joint Genome Institute and other sequencing centers. Here we describe the results of comparative analyses of the fungi in this group.

Published
2013

25. Diverse Lifestyles and Strategies of Plant Pathogenesis Encoded in the Genomes of Eighteen Dothideomycetes Fungi

Author

Ohm, Robin A., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher, Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, Wit, Pierre J. G. M. de, Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., Grigoriev, Igor V., Ohm, Robin A., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher, Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, Wit, Pierre J. G. M. de, Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., and Grigoriev, Igor V.

Abstract

The class Dothideomycetes is one of the largest groups of fungi with a high level of ecological diversity including many plant pathogens infecting a broad range of hosts. Here, we compare genome features of 18 members of this class, including 6necrotrophs, 9 (hemi)biotrophs and 3 saprotrophs, to analyze genome structure, evolution, and the diverse strategies of pathogenesis. The Dothideomycetes most likely evolved from a common ancestor more than 280 million years ago. The 18genome sequences differ dramatically in size due to variation in repetitive content, but show much less variation in number of (core) genes. Gene order appears to have been rearranged mostly within chromosomal boundaries by multiple inversions, in extant genomes frequently demarcated by adjacent simple repeats. Several Dothideomycetes contain one or more gene-poor, transposable element (TE)-rich putatively dispensable chromosomes of unknown function. The 18 Dothideomycetes offer an extensive catalogue of genes involved in cellulose degradation, proteolysis, secondary metabolism, and cysteine-rich small secreted proteins. Ancestors of the two major orders of plant pathogens in the Dothideomycetes, the Capnodiales and Pleosporales, may have had different modes of pathogenesis, with the former having fewer of these genes than the latter. Many of these genes are enriched in proximity to transposable elements, suggesting faster evolution because of the effects of repeat induced point (RIP) mutations. A syntenic block of genes, includingoxidoreductases, is conserved in most Dothideomycetes and upregulated during infection in L. maculans, suggesting a possible function in response to oxidative stress.

Published
2012

26. Diverse Lifestyles and Strategies of Plant Pathogenesis Encoded in the Genomes of Eighteen Doethideomycetes Fungi

Author

Ohm, Robin A., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabien, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher, Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, Wit, Pierre J. G. M. de, Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., Grigoriev, Igor V., Ohm, Robin A., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabien, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher, Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, Wit, Pierre J. G. M. de, Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., and Grigoriev, Igor V.

Abstract

The class of Dothideomycetes is one of the largest and most diverse groups of fungi. Many are plant pathogens and pose a serious threat to agricultural crops grown for biofuel, food or feed. Most Dothideomycetes have only a single host and related species can have very diverse host plants. Eighteen genomes of Dothideomycetes have currently been sequenced by the Joint Genome Institute and other sequencing centers. Here we describe the results of comparative analyses of the fungi in this group.

Published
2012

27. Diverse Lifestyles and Strategies of Plant Pathogenesis Encoded in the Genomes of Eighteen Dothideomycetes Fungi

Author

Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher B., Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, de Whit, Pierre J. G. M., Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., Grigoriev, Igor V., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher B., Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, de Whit, Pierre J. G. M., Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., and Grigoriev, Igor V.

Abstract

The class Dothideomycetes is one of the largest groups of fungi with a high level of ecological diversity including many plant pathogens infecting a broad range of hosts. Here, we compare genome features of 18 members of this class, including 6 necrotrophs, 9 (hemi)biotrophs and 3 saprotrophs, to analyze genome structure, evolution, and the diverse strategies of pathogenesis. The Dothideomycetes most likely evolved from a common ancestor more than 280 million years ago. The 18 genome sequences differ dramatically in size due to variation in repetitive content, but show much less variation in number of (core) genes. Gene order appears to have been rearranged mostly within chromosomal boundaries by multiple inversions, in extant genomes frequently demarcated by adjacent simple repeats. Several Dothideomycetes contain one or more gene-poor, transposable element (TE)-rich putatively dispensable chromosomes of unknown function. The 18 Dothideomycetes offer an extensive catalogue of genes involved in cellulose degradation, proteolysis, secondary metabolism, and cysteine-rich small secreted proteins. Ancestors of the two major orders of plant pathogens in the Dothideomycetes, the Capnodiales and Pleosporales, may have had different modes of pathogenesis, with the former having fewer of these genes than the latter. Many of these genes are enriched in proximity to transposable elements, suggesting faster evolution because of the effects of repeat induced point (RIP) mutations. A syntenic block of genes, including oxidoreductases, is conserved in most Dothideomycetes and upregulated during infection in L. maculans, suggesting a possible function in response to oxidative stress.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Diverse Lifestyles and Strategies of Plant Pathogenesis Encoded in the Genomes of Eighteen Dothideomycetes Fungi

Author

Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher B., Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, de Whit, Pierre J. G. M., Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., Grigoriev, Igor V., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher B., Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, de Whit, Pierre J. G. M., Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., and Grigoriev, Igor V.

Abstract

The class Dothideomycetes is one of the largest groups of fungi with a high level of ecological diversity including many plant pathogens infecting a broad range of hosts. Here, we compare genome features of 18 members of this class, including 6 necrotrophs, 9 (hemi)biotrophs and 3 saprotrophs, to analyze genome structure, evolution, and the diverse strategies of pathogenesis. The Dothideomycetes most likely evolved from a common ancestor more than 280 million years ago. The 18 genome sequences differ dramatically in size due to variation in repetitive content, but show much less variation in number of (core) genes. Gene order appears to have been rearranged mostly within chromosomal boundaries by multiple inversions, in extant genomes frequently demarcated by adjacent simple repeats. Several Dothideomycetes contain one or more gene-poor, transposable element (TE)-rich putatively dispensable chromosomes of unknown function. The 18 Dothideomycetes offer an extensive catalogue of genes involved in cellulose degradation, proteolysis, secondary metabolism, and cysteine-rich small secreted proteins. Ancestors of the two major orders of plant pathogens in the Dothideomycetes, the Capnodiales and Pleosporales, may have had different modes of pathogenesis, with the former having fewer of these genes than the latter. Many of these genes are enriched in proximity to transposable elements, suggesting faster evolution because of the effects of repeat induced point (RIP) mutations. A syntenic block of genes, including oxidoreductases, is conserved in most Dothideomycetes and upregulated during infection in L. maculans, suggesting a possible function in response to oxidative stress.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Diverse Lifestyles and Strategies of Plant Pathogenesis Encoded in the Genomes of Eighteen Doethideomycetes Fungi

Author

Ohm, Robin A., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabien, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher, Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, Wit, Pierre J. G. M. de, Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., Grigoriev, Igor V., Ohm, Robin A., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabien, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher, Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, Wit, Pierre J. G. M. de, Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., and Grigoriev, Igor V.

Abstract

The class of Dothideomycetes is one of the largest and most diverse groups of fungi. Many are plant pathogens and pose a serious threat to agricultural crops grown for biofuel, food or feed. Most Dothideomycetes have only a single host and related species can have very diverse host plants. Eighteen genomes of Dothideomycetes have currently been sequenced by the Joint Genome Institute and other sequencing centers. Here we describe the results of comparative analyses of the fungi in this group.

Published
2012

30. Diverse Lifestyles and Strategies of Plant Pathogenesis Encoded in the Genomes of Eighteen Dothideomycetes Fungi

Author

Ohm, Robin A., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher, Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, Wit, Pierre J. G. M. de, Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., Grigoriev, Igor V., Ohm, Robin A., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher, Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, Wit, Pierre J. G. M. de, Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., and Grigoriev, Igor V.

Abstract

The class Dothideomycetes is one of the largest groups of fungi with a high level of ecological diversity including many plant pathogens infecting a broad range of hosts. Here, we compare genome features of 18 members of this class, including 6necrotrophs, 9 (hemi)biotrophs and 3 saprotrophs, to analyze genome structure, evolution, and the diverse strategies of pathogenesis. The Dothideomycetes most likely evolved from a common ancestor more than 280 million years ago. The 18genome sequences differ dramatically in size due to variation in repetitive content, but show much less variation in number of (core) genes. Gene order appears to have been rearranged mostly within chromosomal boundaries by multiple inversions, in extant genomes frequently demarcated by adjacent simple repeats. Several Dothideomycetes contain one or more gene-poor, transposable element (TE)-rich putatively dispensable chromosomes of unknown function. The 18 Dothideomycetes offer an extensive catalogue of genes involved in cellulose degradation, proteolysis, secondary metabolism, and cysteine-rich small secreted proteins. Ancestors of the two major orders of plant pathogens in the Dothideomycetes, the Capnodiales and Pleosporales, may have had different modes of pathogenesis, with the former having fewer of these genes than the latter. Many of these genes are enriched in proximity to transposable elements, suggesting faster evolution because of the effects of repeat induced point (RIP) mutations. A syntenic block of genes, includingoxidoreductases, is conserved in most Dothideomycetes and upregulated during infection in L. maculans, suggesting a possible function in response to oxidative stress.

Published
2012

31. Diverse Lifestyles and Strategies of Plant Pathogenesis Encoded in the Genomes of Eighteen Dothideomycetes Fungi

Author

Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher B., Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, de Whit, Pierre J. G. M., Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., Grigoriev, Igor V., Ohm, Robin A., Feau, Nicolas, Henrissat, Bernard, Schoch, Conrad L., Horwitz, Benjamin A., Barry, Kerrie W., Condon, Bradford J., Copeland, Alex C., Dhillon, Braham, Glaser, Fabian, Hesse, Cedar N., Kosti, Idit, LaButti, Kurt, Lindquist, Erika A., Lucas, Susan, Salamov, Asaf A., Bradshaw, Rosie E., Ciuffetti, Lynda, Hamelin, Richard C., Kema, Gert H. J., Lawrence, Christopher B., Scott, James A., Spatafora, Joseph W., Turgeon, B. Gillian, de Whit, Pierre J. G. M., Zhong, Shaobin, Goodwin, Stephen B., and Grigoriev, Igor V.

Abstract

The class Dothideomycetes is one of the largest groups of fungi with a high level of ecological diversity including many plant pathogens infecting a broad range of hosts. Here, we compare genome features of 18 members of this class, including 6 necrotrophs, 9 (hemi)biotrophs and 3 saprotrophs, to analyze genome structure, evolution, and the diverse strategies of pathogenesis. The Dothideomycetes most likely evolved from a common ancestor more than 280 million years ago. The 18 genome sequences differ dramatically in size due to variation in repetitive content, but show much less variation in number of (core) genes. Gene order appears to have been rearranged mostly within chromosomal boundaries by multiple inversions, in extant genomes frequently demarcated by adjacent simple repeats. Several Dothideomycetes contain one or more gene-poor, transposable element (TE)-rich putatively dispensable chromosomes of unknown function. The 18 Dothideomycetes offer an extensive catalogue of genes involved in cellulose degradation, proteolysis, secondary metabolism, and cysteine-rich small secreted proteins. Ancestors of the two major orders of plant pathogens in the Dothideomycetes, the Capnodiales and Pleosporales, may have had different modes of pathogenesis, with the former having fewer of these genes than the latter. Many of these genes are enriched in proximity to transposable elements, suggesting faster evolution because of the effects of repeat induced point (RIP) mutations. A syntenic block of genes, including oxidoreductases, is conserved in most Dothideomycetes and upregulated during infection in L. maculans, suggesting a possible function in response to oxidative stress.

Published
2012

32. Effector diversification within compartments of the Leptosphaeria maculans genome affected by Repeat-Induced Point mutations

Author

Rouxel, Thierry, Grandaubert, Jonathan, Hane, James K., Hoede, Claire, van de Wouw, Angela P., Couloux, Arnaud, Dominguez, Victoria, Anthouard, Veronique, Bally, Pascal, Bourras, Salim, Cozijnsen, Anton J., Ciuffetti, Lynda M., Degrave, Alexandre, Dilmaghani, Azita, Duret, Laurent, Fudal, Isabelle, Goodwin, Stephen B., Gout, Lilian, Glaser, Nicolas, Linglin, Juliette, Kema, Gert H. J., Lapalu, Nicolas, Lawrence, Christopher B., May, Kim, Meyer, Michel, Ollivier, Benedicte, Poulain, Julie, Schoch, Conrad L., Simon, Adeline, Spatafora, Joseph W., Stachowiak, Anna, Turgeon, B. Gillian, Tyler, Brett M., Vincent, Delphine, Weissenbach, Jean, Amselem, Joelle, Quesneville, Hadi, Oliver, Richard P., Wincker, Patrick, Balesdent, Marie-Helene, Howlett, Barbara J., Rouxel, Thierry, Grandaubert, Jonathan, Hane, James K., Hoede, Claire, van de Wouw, Angela P., Couloux, Arnaud, Dominguez, Victoria, Anthouard, Veronique, Bally, Pascal, Bourras, Salim, Cozijnsen, Anton J., Ciuffetti, Lynda M., Degrave, Alexandre, Dilmaghani, Azita, Duret, Laurent, Fudal, Isabelle, Goodwin, Stephen B., Gout, Lilian, Glaser, Nicolas, Linglin, Juliette, Kema, Gert H. J., Lapalu, Nicolas, Lawrence, Christopher B., May, Kim, Meyer, Michel, Ollivier, Benedicte, Poulain, Julie, Schoch, Conrad L., Simon, Adeline, Spatafora, Joseph W., Stachowiak, Anna, Turgeon, B. Gillian, Tyler, Brett M., Vincent, Delphine, Weissenbach, Jean, Amselem, Joelle, Quesneville, Hadi, Oliver, Richard P., Wincker, Patrick, Balesdent, Marie-Helene, and Howlett, Barbara J.

Abstract

Fungi are of primary ecological, biotechnological and economic importance. Many fundamental biological processes that are shared by animals and fungi are studied in fungi due to their experimental tractability. Many fungi are pathogens or mutualists and are model systems to analyse effector genes and their mechanisms of diversification. In this study, we report the genome sequence of the phytopathogenic ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans and characterize its repertoire of protein effectors. The L. maculans genome has an unusual bipartite structure with alternating distinct guanine and cytosine-equilibrated and adenine and thymine (AT)-rich blocks of homogenous nucleotide composition. The AT-rich blocks comprise one-third of the genome and contain effector genes and families of transposable elements, both of which are affected by repeat-induced point mutation, a fungal-specific genome defence mechanism. This genomic environment for effectors promotes rapid sequence diversification and underpins the evolutionary potential of the fungus to adapt rapidly to novel host-derived constraints.

Published
2011
Full Text
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33. Effector diversification within compartments of the Leptosphaeria maculans genome affected by Repeat-Induced Point mutations

Author

Rouxel, Thierry, Grandaubert, Jonathan, Hane, James K., Hoede, Claire, van de Wouw, Angela P., Couloux, Arnaud, Dominguez, Victoria, Anthouard, Veronique, Bally, Pascal, Bourras, Salim, Cozijnsen, Anton J., Ciuffetti, Lynda M., Degrave, Alexandre, Dilmaghani, Azita, Duret, Laurent, Fudal, Isabelle, Goodwin, Stephen B., Gout, Lilian, Glaser, Nicolas, Linglin, Juliette, Kema, Gert H. J., Lapalu, Nicolas, Lawrence, Christopher B., May, Kim, Meyer, Michel, Ollivier, Benedicte, Poulain, Julie, Schoch, Conrad L., Simon, Adeline, Spatafora, Joseph W., Stachowiak, Anna, Turgeon, B. Gillian, Tyler, Brett M., Vincent, Delphine, Weissenbach, Jean, Amselem, Joelle, Quesneville, Hadi, Oliver, Richard P., Wincker, Patrick, Balesdent, Marie-Helene, Howlett, Barbara J., Rouxel, Thierry, Grandaubert, Jonathan, Hane, James K., Hoede, Claire, van de Wouw, Angela P., Couloux, Arnaud, Dominguez, Victoria, Anthouard, Veronique, Bally, Pascal, Bourras, Salim, Cozijnsen, Anton J., Ciuffetti, Lynda M., Degrave, Alexandre, Dilmaghani, Azita, Duret, Laurent, Fudal, Isabelle, Goodwin, Stephen B., Gout, Lilian, Glaser, Nicolas, Linglin, Juliette, Kema, Gert H. J., Lapalu, Nicolas, Lawrence, Christopher B., May, Kim, Meyer, Michel, Ollivier, Benedicte, Poulain, Julie, Schoch, Conrad L., Simon, Adeline, Spatafora, Joseph W., Stachowiak, Anna, Turgeon, B. Gillian, Tyler, Brett M., Vincent, Delphine, Weissenbach, Jean, Amselem, Joelle, Quesneville, Hadi, Oliver, Richard P., Wincker, Patrick, Balesdent, Marie-Helene, and Howlett, Barbara J.

Abstract

Fungi are of primary ecological, biotechnological and economic importance. Many fundamental biological processes that are shared by animals and fungi are studied in fungi due to their experimental tractability. Many fungi are pathogens or mutualists and are model systems to analyse effector genes and their mechanisms of diversification. In this study, we report the genome sequence of the phytopathogenic ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans and characterize its repertoire of protein effectors. The L. maculans genome has an unusual bipartite structure with alternating distinct guanine and cytosine-equilibrated and adenine and thymine (AT)-rich blocks of homogenous nucleotide composition. The AT-rich blocks comprise one-third of the genome and contain effector genes and families of transposable elements, both of which are affected by repeat-induced point mutation, a fungal-specific genome defence mechanism. This genomic environment for effectors promotes rapid sequence diversification and underpins the evolutionary potential of the fungus to adapt rapidly to novel host-derived constraints.

Published
2011
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34. Effector diversification within compartments of the Leptosphaeria maculans genome affected by Repeat-Induced Point mutations

Author

Rouxel, Thierry, Grandaubert, Jonathan, Hane, James K., Hoede, Claire, van de Wouw, Angela P., Couloux, Arnaud, Dominguez, Victoria, Anthouard, Veronique, Bally, Pascal, Bourras, Salim, Cozijnsen, Anton J., Ciuffetti, Lynda M., Degrave, Alexandre, Dilmaghani, Azita, Duret, Laurent, Fudal, Isabelle, Goodwin, Stephen B., Gout, Lilian, Glaser, Nicolas, Linglin, Juliette, Kema, Gert H. J., Lapalu, Nicolas, Lawrence, Christopher B., May, Kim, Meyer, Michel, Ollivier, Benedicte, Poulain, Julie, Schoch, Conrad L., Simon, Adeline, Spatafora, Joseph W., Stachowiak, Anna, Turgeon, B. Gillian, Tyler, Brett M., Vincent, Delphine, Weissenbach, Jean, Amselem, Joelle, Quesneville, Hadi, Oliver, Richard P., Wincker, Patrick, Balesdent, Marie-Helene, Howlett, Barbara J., Rouxel, Thierry, Grandaubert, Jonathan, Hane, James K., Hoede, Claire, van de Wouw, Angela P., Couloux, Arnaud, Dominguez, Victoria, Anthouard, Veronique, Bally, Pascal, Bourras, Salim, Cozijnsen, Anton J., Ciuffetti, Lynda M., Degrave, Alexandre, Dilmaghani, Azita, Duret, Laurent, Fudal, Isabelle, Goodwin, Stephen B., Gout, Lilian, Glaser, Nicolas, Linglin, Juliette, Kema, Gert H. J., Lapalu, Nicolas, Lawrence, Christopher B., May, Kim, Meyer, Michel, Ollivier, Benedicte, Poulain, Julie, Schoch, Conrad L., Simon, Adeline, Spatafora, Joseph W., Stachowiak, Anna, Turgeon, B. Gillian, Tyler, Brett M., Vincent, Delphine, Weissenbach, Jean, Amselem, Joelle, Quesneville, Hadi, Oliver, Richard P., Wincker, Patrick, Balesdent, Marie-Helene, and Howlett, Barbara J.

Abstract

Fungi are of primary ecological, biotechnological and economic importance. Many fundamental biological processes that are shared by animals and fungi are studied in fungi due to their experimental tractability. Many fungi are pathogens or mutualists and are model systems to analyse effector genes and their mechanisms of diversification. In this study, we report the genome sequence of the phytopathogenic ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans and characterize its repertoire of protein effectors. The L. maculans genome has an unusual bipartite structure with alternating distinct guanine and cytosine-equilibrated and adenine and thymine (AT)-rich blocks of homogenous nucleotide composition. The AT-rich blocks comprise one-third of the genome and contain effector genes and families of transposable elements, both of which are affected by repeat-induced point mutation, a fungal-specific genome defence mechanism. This genomic environment for effectors promotes rapid sequence diversification and underpins the evolutionary potential of the fungus to adapt rapidly to novel host-derived constraints.

Published
2011

35. Finished Genome of the Fungal Wheat Pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola Reveals Dispensome Structure, Chromosome Plasticity, and Stealth Pathogenesis

Author

Goodwin, Stephen B., M’Barek, Sarrah Ben, Dhillon, Braham, Wittenberg, Alexander H. J., Crane, Charles F., Hane, James K., Foster, Andrew J., Van der Lee, Theo A. J., Grimwood, Jane, Aerts, Andrea, Antoniw, John, Bailey, Andy, Bluhm, Burt, Bowler, Judith, Bristow, Jim, van der Burgt, Ate, Canto-Canche, Blondy, Churchill, Alice C. L., Conde-Ferraez, Laura, Cools, Hans J., Coutinho, Pedro M., Csukai, Michael, Dehal, Paramvir, De Wit, Pierre, Donzelli, Bruno, van de Geest, Henri C., van Ham, Roel C. H. J., Hammond-Kosack, Kim E., Henrissat, Bernard, Kilian, Andrzej, Kobayashi, Adilson K., Koopmann, Edda, Kourmpetis, Yiannis, Kuzniar, Arnold, Lindquist, Erika, Lombard, Vincent, Maliepaard, Chris, Martins, Natalia, Mehrabi, Rahim, Nap, Jan P. H., Ponomarenko, Alisa, Rudd, Jason J., Salamov, Asaf, Schmutz, Jeremy, Schouten, Henk J., Shapiro, Harris, Stergiopoulos, Ioannis, Torriani, Stefano F.F., Tu, Hank, de Vries, Ronald P., Waalwijk, Cees, Ware, Sarah B., Wiebenga, Ad, Zwiers, Lute-Harm, Oliver, Richard P., Grigoriev, Igor V., Kema, Gert. H. J., Goodwin, Stephen B., M’Barek, Sarrah Ben, Dhillon, Braham, Wittenberg, Alexander H. J., Crane, Charles F., Hane, James K., Foster, Andrew J., Van der Lee, Theo A. J., Grimwood, Jane, Aerts, Andrea, Antoniw, John, Bailey, Andy, Bluhm, Burt, Bowler, Judith, Bristow, Jim, van der Burgt, Ate, Canto-Canche, Blondy, Churchill, Alice C. L., Conde-Ferraez, Laura, Cools, Hans J., Coutinho, Pedro M., Csukai, Michael, Dehal, Paramvir, De Wit, Pierre, Donzelli, Bruno, van de Geest, Henri C., van Ham, Roel C. H. J., Hammond-Kosack, Kim E., Henrissat, Bernard, Kilian, Andrzej, Kobayashi, Adilson K., Koopmann, Edda, Kourmpetis, Yiannis, Kuzniar, Arnold, Lindquist, Erika, Lombard, Vincent, Maliepaard, Chris, Martins, Natalia, Mehrabi, Rahim, Nap, Jan P. H., Ponomarenko, Alisa, Rudd, Jason J., Salamov, Asaf, Schmutz, Jeremy, Schouten, Henk J., Shapiro, Harris, Stergiopoulos, Ioannis, Torriani, Stefano F.F., Tu, Hank, de Vries, Ronald P., Waalwijk, Cees, Ware, Sarah B., Wiebenga, Ad, Zwiers, Lute-Harm, Oliver, Richard P., Grigoriev, Igor V., and Kema, Gert. H. J.

Abstract

The plant-pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (asexual stage: Septoria tritici) causes septoria tritici blotch, a disease that greatly reduces the yield and quality of wheat. This disease is economically important in most wheat-growing areas worldwide and threatens global food production. Control of the disease has been hampered by a limited understanding of the genetic and biochemical bases of pathogenicity, including mechanisms of infection and of resistance in the host. Unlike most other plant pathogens, M. graminicola has a long latent period during which it evades host defenses. Although this type of stealth pathogenicity occurs commonly in Mycosphaerella and other Dothideomycetes, the largest class of plant-pathogenic fungi, its genetic basis is not known. To address this problem, the genome of M. graminicola was sequenced completely. The finished genome contains 21 chromosomes, eight of which could be lost with no visible effect on the fungus and thus are dispensable. This eight-chromosome dispensome is dynamic in field and progeny isolates, is different from the core genome in gene and repeat content, and appears to have originated by ancient horizontal transfer from an unknown donor. Synteny plots of the M. graminicola chromosomes versus those of the only other sequenced Dothideomycete, Stagonospora nodorum, revealed conservation of gene content but not order or orientation, suggesting a high rate of intra-chromosomal rearrangement in one or both species.This observed “mesosynteny” is very different from synteny seen between other organisms. A surprising feature of the M. graminicola genome compared to other sequenced plant pathogens was that it contained very few genes for enzymes that break down plant cell walls, which was more similar to endophytes than to pathogens. The stealth pathogenesis of M. graminicola probably involves degradation of proteins rather than carbohydrates to evade host defenses during the biotrophic stage of infection and ma

Published
2011

36. Effector diversification within compartments of the Leptosphaeria maculans genome affected by Repeat-Induced Point mutations

Author

Rouxel, Thierry, Graubert, Jonathan, Hane, James K., Hoede, Claire, Van de Wouw, Angela P., Couloux, Arnaud, Dominguez, Victoria, Anthouard, Véronique, Bally, Pascal, Bourras, Salim, Cozijnsen, Anton J., Ciuffetti, Lynda M., Degrave, Alexandre, Dilmaghani, Azita, Duret, Laurent, Fudal, Isabelle, Goodwin, Stephen B., Gout, Lilian, Glaser, Nicolas, Linglin, Juliette, Kema, Gert H. J., Lapalu, Nicolas, Lawrence, Christopher B., May, Kim, Meyer, Michel, Ollivier, Bénédicte, Poulain, Julie, Schoch, Conrad L., Simon, Adeline, Spatafora, Joseph W., Stachowiak, Anna, Turgeon, B. Gillian, Tyler, Brett M., Vincent, Delphine, Weissenbach, Jean, Amselem, Joëlle, Quesneville, Hadi, Oliver, Richard P., Wincker, Patrick, Balesdent, Marie-Hélène, Howlett, Barbara J., Rouxel, Thierry, Graubert, Jonathan, Hane, James K., Hoede, Claire, Van de Wouw, Angela P., Couloux, Arnaud, Dominguez, Victoria, Anthouard, Véronique, Bally, Pascal, Bourras, Salim, Cozijnsen, Anton J., Ciuffetti, Lynda M., Degrave, Alexandre, Dilmaghani, Azita, Duret, Laurent, Fudal, Isabelle, Goodwin, Stephen B., Gout, Lilian, Glaser, Nicolas, Linglin, Juliette, Kema, Gert H. J., Lapalu, Nicolas, Lawrence, Christopher B., May, Kim, Meyer, Michel, Ollivier, Bénédicte, Poulain, Julie, Schoch, Conrad L., Simon, Adeline, Spatafora, Joseph W., Stachowiak, Anna, Turgeon, B. Gillian, Tyler, Brett M., Vincent, Delphine, Weissenbach, Jean, Amselem, Joëlle, Quesneville, Hadi, Oliver, Richard P., Wincker, Patrick, Balesdent, Marie-Hélène, and Howlett, Barbara J.

Abstract

Fungi are of primary ecological, biotechnological and economic importance. Many fundamental biological processes that are shared by animals and fungi are studied in fungi due to their experimental tractability. Many fungi are pathogens or mutualists and are model systems to analyse effector genes and their mechanisms of diversification. In this study, we report the genome sequence of the phytopathogenic ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans and characterize its repertoire of protein effectors. The L. maculans genome has an unusual bipartite structure with alternating distinct guanine and cytosine-equilibrated and adenine and thymine (AT)-rich blocks of homogenous nucleotide composition. The AT-rich blocks comprise one-third of the genome and contain effector genes and families of transposable elements, both of which are affected by repeat-induced point mutation, a fungal-specific genome defence mechanism. This genomic environment for effectors promotes rapid sequence diversification and underpins the evolutionary potential of the fungus to adapt rapidly to novel host-derived constraints.

Published
2011

37. Evidence for the importance of hydrogen peroxide in wheat infected by the hemibiotrophic pathogen Septoria triciti

Author

Shetty, Nandini Prasad, Jensen, Jens Due, Mehrabi, Rahim, Mogensen, Henrik Lütken, Haldrup, Anna, Kema, Gert H. J., Collinge, David B., Jørgensen, Hans Jørgen Lyngs, Shetty, Nandini Prasad, Jensen, Jens Due, Mehrabi, Rahim, Mogensen, Henrik Lütken, Haldrup, Anna, Kema, Gert H. J., Collinge, David B., and Jørgensen, Hans Jørgen Lyngs

Abstract

ROS production. We studied the role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in defence as well as a pathogenesis factor for S. tritici. In Stakado (resistant), pathogen growth was arrested just after penetration, resulting in absence of pycnidia and symptoms. The growth arrest coincided with a significantly higher number of autofluorescing cells and accumulation of H2O2 than in the susceptible cv. Sevin. In Sevin, very little H2O2 accumulated, except during sporulation, where tissue degradation occurred. This accumulation probably represents a stress response coinciding with tissue collapse. This pattern of H2O2 accumulation supports the dogma that pathogens with a necrotrophic phase benefit from accumulation of ROS. However, infiltration of catalase (to remove H2O2), water (control) or H2O2 showed that H2O2 was etrimental during all stages of the interaction. Thus, both early (during the initial, biotrophic, stage of infection) and late (during the necrotrophic phase) infiltration of catalase enhanced fungal growth and resulted in faster s

Published
2008

38. Evidence for the importance of hydrogen peroxide in wheat infected by the hemibiotrophic pathogen Septoria triciti

Author

Shetty, Nandini Prasad, Jensen, Jens Due, Mehrabi, Rahim, Mogensen, Henrik Lütken, Haldrup, Anna, Kema, Gert H. J., Collinge, David B., Jørgensen, Hans Jørgen Lyngs, Shetty, Nandini Prasad, Jensen, Jens Due, Mehrabi, Rahim, Mogensen, Henrik Lütken, Haldrup, Anna, Kema, Gert H. J., Collinge, David B., and Jørgensen, Hans Jørgen Lyngs

Abstract

ROS production. We studied the role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in defence as well as a pathogenesis factor for S. tritici. In Stakado (resistant), pathogen growth was arrested just after penetration, resulting in absence of pycnidia and symptoms. The growth arrest coincided with a significantly higher number of autofluorescing cells and accumulation of H2O2 than in the susceptible cv. Sevin. In Sevin, very little H2O2 accumulated, except during sporulation, where tissue degradation occurred. This accumulation probably represents a stress response coinciding with tissue collapse. This pattern of H2O2 accumulation supports the dogma that pathogens with a necrotrophic phase benefit from accumulation of ROS. However, infiltration of catalase (to remove H2O2), water (control) or H2O2 showed that H2O2 was etrimental during all stages of the interaction. Thus, both early (during the initial, biotrophic, stage of infection) and late (during the necrotrophic phase) infiltration of catalase enhanced fungal growth and resulted in faster s

Published
2008

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