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Background and aims: Persons with chronic widespread pain (CWP) have poor medical outcomes and increased mortality. But there are no universally accepted criteria for CWP or of methods to assess it. The most common criteria come from the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) fibromyalgia (FM) criteria, but that method (WP1990) can identify CWP with as few as three pain sites, and in subjects with wide differences in illness severity. Recently, to correct WP1990 deficiencies, the 2016 fibromyalgia criteria provided a modified CWP definition (WP2016) by dividing the body into five regions of three pain sites each and requiring a minimum of four regions of pain. Although solving the geographic problem of pain distribution, the problem of just how many pain sites (pain diffuseness) are required remained a problem, as WP2016 required as few as four painful sites. To better characterize CWP, we compared four CWP definitions with respect to symmetry, extent of pain sites and association with clinical severity variables. Methods: We characterized pain in 40,960 subjects, including pain at 19 individual sites and five pain regions, and calculated the widespread pain index (WPI) and polysymptomatic distress scales (PDS) from epidemiology, primary care and rheumatology databases. We developed and evaluated a new definition for CWP, (WP2019), defined as pain in four or five regions and a pain site score of at least seven of 15 sites. We also tested a definition based on the number of painful sites (WPI >= 7). Results: In rheumatology patients, WP1990 and WPI >= 7 classified patients with <4 regions as WSP. CWP was noted in 51.3% by WP1990, 41.7% by WP2016, 37.6% of WPI >= 7 and 33.9% by WP2019. 2016 FM criteria was satisfied in WP1990 (51.1%), WP2016 (63.3%), WPI >= 7 (69.0%) and WP2019 (76.6%). WP2019 positive patients had more severe clinical symptoms compared with WP1990, WP2016 and WPI >= 7, and similar to but less than FM 2016 positive patients. In

The term "for-profit social enterprise" (or simply "social enterprise") refers to businesses with shareholder-owners that seek to address social problems by comp- bining the dynamism of capitalized for-profit enterprise with the intentionally pro-social orientation of nonprofit organizations .... Some leading proponents of social enterprise seek to promote and facilitate social enterprise formation through business organizations law, most notably by supplying social entrepreneurs with new legal forms designed specifically for social enterprises. The push for new reflects dissatisfaction with the seemingly binary nature of existing options-the for-profit corporation, which inclines controllers to increase shareholder wealth with little regard for the interests of nonshareholders and society at large, and the traditional charitable nonprofit organization, which primarily serves social purposes but has less access to capital and less leeway to compensate high-performing executives and employees…, https://ecollections.law.fiu.edu/faculty_books/1243/thumbnail.jpg

The term "for-profit social enterprise" (or simply "social enterprise") refers to businesses with shareholder-owners that seek to address social problems by comp- bining the dynamism of capitalized for-profit enterprise with the intentionally pro-social orientation of nonprofit organizations .... Some leading proponents of social enterprise seek to promote and facilitate social enterprise formation through business organizations law, most notably by supplying social entrepreneurs with new legal forms designed specifically for social enterprises. The push for new reflects dissatisfaction with the seemingly binary nature of existing options-the for-profit corporation, which inclines controllers to increase shareholder wealth with little regard for the interests of nonshareholders and society at large, and the traditional charitable nonprofit organization, which primarily serves social purposes but has less access to capital and less leeway to compensate high-performing executives and employees…, https://ecollections.law.fiu.edu/faculty_books/1243/thumbnail.jpg

In recent years lawyers have become increasingly active in the field of for-profit social enterprise and sustainable business. This is nowhere more evident than in the design of new organizational forms such as the low-profit limited liability company (L3C), the flexible purpose corporation, and the benefit corporation. In this emerging field, sustainability is perhaps the most prized quality as well as its most versatile construct. This Essay contributes to the debate over new legal forms by analyzing the multiple meanings of sustainability in this context. The analysis demonstrates the importance of distinguishing between the social enterprise as a dual mission or double bottom line endeavor (i.e., one that pursues both profits and a non-pecuniary mission) and the sustainable business as a triple bottom line endeavor (i.e., one that pursues the tripartite goals of profits, social equity, and environmental sustainability -- also known as people, planet, profit), and the critical yet unappreciated differences between the two types of undertakings. Social enterprise and sustainable business each attempt to solve a different problem, and these problems differ vastly in scale. In the case of social enterprise, new forms such as the L3C and flexible purpose corporation address a relatively discrete and concrete problem: how can mission-driven for-profit businesses expand access to capital without endangering their missions, enabling them to combine the most advantageous features of the for-profit and nonprofit forms. The ability of new forms to achieve these aims has been extensively discussed, but relatively little has been said about the non-pecuniary missions of such businesses other than that they be legally charitable, social, or confer a public benefit. In contrast, the sustainable business movement is more ambitious and specific in its aims: it seeks to enlist private enterprises in a global struggle to avert humanitarian disaster and ecological catastrophe. Alth

In recent years lawyers have become increasingly active in the field of for-profit social enterprise and sustainable business. This is nowhere more evident than in the design of new organizational forms such as the low-profit limited liability company (L3C), the flexible purpose corporation, and the benefit corporation. In this emerging field, sustainability is perhaps the most prized quality as well as its most versatile construct. This Essay contributes to the debate over new legal forms by analyzing the multiple meanings of sustainability in this context. The analysis demonstrates the importance of distinguishing between the social enterprise as a dual mission or double bottom line endeavor (i.e., one that pursues both profits and a non-pecuniary mission) and the sustainable business as a triple bottom line endeavor (i.e., one that pursues the tripartite goals of profits, social equity, and environmental sustainability -- also known as people, planet, profit), and the critical yet unappreciated differences between the two types of undertakings. Social enterprise and sustainable business each attempt to solve a different problem, and these problems differ vastly in scale. In the case of social enterprise, new forms such as the L3C and flexible purpose corporation address a relatively discrete and concrete problem: how can mission-driven for-profit businesses expand access to capital without endangering their missions, enabling them to combine the most advantageous features of the for-profit and nonprofit forms. The ability of new forms to achieve these aims has been extensively discussed, but relatively little has been said about the non-pecuniary missions of such businesses other than that they be legally charitable, social, or confer a public benefit. In contrast, the sustainable business movement is more ambitious and specific in its aims: it seeks to enlist private enterprises in a global struggle to avert humanitarian disaster and ecological catastrophe. Alth

Since at least the famous Berle-Dodds debate, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and later its more muscular and structural iteration, progressive corporate law, have been discussed without much progress. The authors consider whether the social enterprise movement, which envisions a new sector of businesses created both to generate profits and pursue social goals, advances this debate. They conclude that it does. Proponents of social enterprise believe that such businesses can combine the dynamism of for-profit firms with the mission-driven zeal more typical of nonprofit organizations. Social enterprise and CSR have much in common: both want businesses to take the interests of non-shareholder stakeholders more seriously and play a larger role in addressing social and environmental problems. Yet there are important and underexplored differences. Unlike CSR, the idea of social enterprise is remarkably congenial to mainstream corporate law in ideology and methodology. In one respect, the social enterprise movement sidesteps the CSR debate by operating in a different setting - its vision is realized and embodied in new organizational forms rather than existing corporations. In another respect, the movement shows how mainstream corporate law can accommodate CSR and progressive corporate law concerns without fundamental change. Social enterprise thus advances the CSR debate in unexpected ways - the movement appropriates some CSR notions and shares some CSR sensibilities, but combines them in a manner that should please corporate contractarians, alarm proponents of progressive corporate law, and discomfort some proponents of CSR.

Since at least the famous Berle-Dodds debate, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and later its more muscular and structural iteration, progressive corporate law, have been discussed without much progress. The authors consider whether the social enterprise movement, which envisions a new sector of businesses created both to generate profits and pursue social goals, advances this debate. They conclude that it does. Proponents of social enterprise believe that such businesses can combine the dynamism of for-profit firms with the mission-driven zeal more typical of nonprofit organizations. Social enterprise and CSR have much in common: both want businesses to take the interests of non-shareholder stakeholders more seriously and play a larger role in addressing social and environmental problems. Yet there are important and underexplored differences. Unlike CSR, the idea of social enterprise is remarkably congenial to mainstream corporate law in ideology and methodology. In one respect, the social enterprise movement sidesteps the CSR debate by operating in a different setting - its vision is realized and embodied in new organizational forms rather than existing corporations. In another respect, the movement shows how mainstream corporate law can accommodate CSR and progressive corporate law concerns without fundamental change. Social enterprise thus advances the CSR debate in unexpected ways - the movement appropriates some CSR notions and shares some CSR sensibilities, but combines them in a manner that should please corporate contractarians, alarm proponents of progressive corporate law, and discomfort some proponents of CSR.

No abstract.

A social enterprise operates a business in a manner intended to increase social welfare more than conventional businesses in the same sector. This notion of “social enterprise” was pioneered by nonprofit organizations seeking to advance their charitable missions through revenue-generating commercial activity, instead of relying on charitable donations. With increasing frequency the term is applied to for-profit business ventures whose founders seek to both address social problems while also generating acceptable returns for owner-investors. The article examines the notion of for-profit social enterprise, and explains how such entities may better achieve social goals than nonprofits engaged in revenue-generating commercial activity, most notably by expanding a business’s access to capital and talent. The article also addresses what some have described as the “legacy problem” – the concern that for-profit social enterprises will not sustain their social missions after the founding social entrepreneur’s exit or loss of enthusiasm. Such concerns, the authors argue, reflect a “nonprofit lite” perspective, which sees the main challenge of social enterprise law as increasing the resources available to what are essentially nonprofit organizations, i.e., entities that are explicitly committed to generating social value in perpetuity. The authors favor an approach that is grounded in the broader ambitions of social entrepreneurship, which is to increase social welfare by transforming markets and preferences in a way that goes well beyond a particular enterprise’s activities. The for-profit social enterprise itself may be transitional and need not survive in order to achieve large-scale social change.

A social enterprise operates a business in a manner intended to increase social welfare more than conventional businesses in the same sector. This notion of “social enterprise” was pioneered by nonprofit organizations seeking to advance their charitable missions through revenue-generating commercial activity, instead of relying on charitable donations. With increasing frequency the term is applied to for-profit business ventures whose founders seek to both address social problems while also generating acceptable returns for owner-investors. The article examines the notion of for-profit social enterprise, and explains how such entities may better achieve social goals than nonprofits engaged in revenue-generating commercial activity, most notably by expanding a business’s access to capital and talent. The article also addresses what some have described as the “legacy problem” – the concern that for-profit social enterprises will not sustain their social missions after the founding social entrepreneur’s exit or loss of enthusiasm. Such concerns, the authors argue, reflect a “nonprofit lite” perspective, which sees the main challenge of social enterprise law as increasing the resources available to what are essentially nonprofit organizations, i.e., entities that are explicitly committed to generating social value in perpetuity. The authors favor an approach that is grounded in the broader ambitions of social entrepreneurship, which is to increase social welfare by transforming markets and preferences in a way that goes well beyond a particular enterprise’s activities. The for-profit social enterprise itself may be transitional and need not survive in order to achieve large-scale social change.

Companies with social missions are frequently bought by larger, more conventional profit-seeking firms and just as frequently accused of “selling out.” Ben & Jerry’s Homemade Inc. is perhaps the leading example: its takeover by international conglomerate Unilever is an oft-repeated cautionary tale of the negative proclivities of the publicly-traded corporate form and profit-maximizing corporate law. Contrary to conventional wisdom, however, corporate law did not compel the sale, or sell-out, of Ben & Jerry’s. This familiar account omits a critical part of the narrative -- the company and its founders had established impressive anti-takeover defenses that, when pressed, the board declined to test. The Ben & Jerry’s story demonstrates that a well designed corporate structure can be suitable for social entrepreneurs seeking to pursue both profits and a social mission. Moreover, handwringing by progressives over the sale of social enterprise icons may be misguided, as such transactions may enable these firms to create more social value than they could independently.

Companies with social missions are frequently bought by larger, more conventional profit-seeking firms and just as frequently accused of “selling out.” Ben & Jerry’s Homemade Inc. is perhaps the leading example: its takeover by international conglomerate Unilever is an oft-repeated cautionary tale of the negative proclivities of the publicly-traded corporate form and profit-maximizing corporate law. Contrary to conventional wisdom, however, corporate law did not compel the sale, or sell-out, of Ben & Jerry’s. This familiar account omits a critical part of the narrative -- the company and its founders had established impressive anti-takeover defenses that, when pressed, the board declined to test. The Ben & Jerry’s story demonstrates that a well designed corporate structure can be suitable for social entrepreneurs seeking to pursue both profits and a social mission. Moreover, handwringing by progressives over the sale of social enterprise icons may be misguided, as such transactions may enable these firms to create more social value than they could independently.

This project proposes a technical solution that will improve the time tracking capabilities of the software department at Diagnostic Product Corporation (DPC). Currently, each developer submits ad-hoc monthly reports indicating how he or she spends their time. This is problematic for management since there is no standard methodology for recording time spent by each developer. Also, there is not a central repository for collecting this data, resulting in management not being able to accurately interpret how the staff is used from project to project. The goal of this project is the development of an application utilizing a networked database that would allow multiple user access to needed data, as well as reports that can be used by developers and management to interpret time spent. Implementing this system would give management the ability to better assess the needs of the department and the various projects within the department.

When the Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC) system was first used on tactical equipment by the Army in the early 1980s, it was in compliance with environmental regulations in effect at that time. However, Federal and local regulations resulting form the Clean Air Act and its amendments have resulted in subsequent restriction on the amount of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emitted during the application of protective coatings. Current topcoats in the CARC system have VOC limits set at 3.5#/gal, but local governments are permitted to set lower limits, and many, such as the San Diego Air Quality Management District (which has a limit of 2.8#/gal), have done so. In addition, total emission restrictions imposed on some facilities are such that a limit of 1.8#/gal must be achieved for the facility to stay in production. Finally, many of the solvents are Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) either as listed by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 or targeted by the EPA 33/50 Industrial Toxics Project. Army regulations (which are also followed by the Marine Corps) require that all tactical equipment (including combat, combat support, essential ground support equipment, tactical wheeled vehicles and aircraft) be hardened against performance degradation by chemical warfare agents or decontamination procedures. The Air Force uses Army CARC on all vehicles and equipment procured through the Army and has drafted a Mission Need Statement for Advanced Aircraft Coating Compatibility stating that existing coating systems have a limited ability to protect against chemical agents and must be improved. Thus the CARC requirement is of significant importance to the tri-service coating community and the environmental deficiencies must be addressed to ensure the continued operation of the defense facilities.

This study was designed to determine whether indicators of social support and autonomy were associated with a positive long-term vocational outcome following participation in a neuropsychological rehabilitation program. The sample consisted of 58 moderate to severe TBI survivors who were interviewed by telephone an estimated mean of 9 years and 3 months following completion of the NYU Head Trauma Program. The two dependent criterion measures were the Employability Rating Scale (ERS) and the employment stability ratio (ESR). The independent predictor variables were participant age, biological gender, preinjury level of education, length of coma, an autonomy composite measure, a social support composite measure, and the number of compensatory strategies which the participants spontaneously reported using. The predictor variables did not account for a significant amount of the variance in the dependent criterion variable ERS. An index of spontaneously reported compensatory strategy usage was the only significant predictor of ESR. Survivors who reported greater usage of compensatory strategies were also more independent with regard to transportation, performed more active leisure activities, were more likely to formulate their own compensatory strategies, and had been discharged from the program more recently. Survivors who had less family involvement were more independent with regard to home responsibilities. Descriptive data indicated several trends. The low employment rates, the small percentage of the working survivors engaged in competitive work, the low salaries the working survivors were receiving, all suggested a negative relationship between length of time since vocational rehabilitation program discharge and work status. The survivors who were able to maintain successful employment worked fewer hours per week. The participants reported significant alcohol usage. The findings of this study suggest a need for the following additions to the neuropsychological reh

Room temperature uniaxial and flexural strength, Weibull parameters, and fracture toughness of hot pressed TiB2 are presented. Fracture toughness estimated from fractographic analysis was compared to the Single Edge Precracked Beam (SEPB) K sub (IC) measurements. Discrepancy between the estimated and measured values were rationalized by invoking the possibility of R-curve behavior. Fractographic analysis and the load displacement records of Vickers indented specimens point to the existence of rising R-curve behavior., Prepared in collaboration with Worcester Polytechnic Inst., MA.

Dr. Rudd's research in atomic collision physics has been characterized by originality and thoroughness. He has written review articles and chapters in the Encyclopedia of Physics - and elsewhere, and is a co-author on a book on atomic collisions. He has published more than 75 refereed research papers, many of which were of seminal importance. He was the first to study systematically the dependence of the probability for electron emission in ion-atom collisions on the incident ion's energy, and on the ejected electron's energy and angle of emission. In 1964 he made the first experimental observation of doubly excited atomic states produced by heavy particle impact on rare gas target ions with sufficient resolution to identify the states. In 1968 with Ted Jorgensen he made the first experimental observation of "Doppler shifts" of ejected electron spectra. In 1970 came his most famous "first", the observation that a significant component of the ejected electrons travel with a velocity equal to that of the incident ion (a mechanism of ionization called "electron capture to the continuum"). In a collaboration with Joe Macek, the electron promotion model was used to describe the ejection of high energy electrons in low energy collisions. Rudd's pioneering work continues. He has begun the first experimental measurements of proton impact on atomic hydrogen. This process is fundamental because it involves only 3 particles, and hence has been well studied theoretically. It is fundamental in astrophysics since protons, electrons and hydrogen atoms are among the primary constituents of stars. His work is fundamental in other areas as well. Electrons ejected in atomic collisions in matter produce additional ionizations, and break molecular bonds. These processes produce radiation damage. Rudd's data has led to further investigations of biological effects of heavy ions in human tissue, of the effects of incident cosmic rays on computers in satellites, and to a host of other pheno

The radial dose distribution from delta rays, fundamental to the delta ray theory of track structure, is recalculated. We now include the model of Rudd for the secondary electron spectrum in proton collisions. We include the effects of electron transmission through matter and the angular dependence of secondary electron emission. Empirical formulas for electron range versus electron energy are intercompared in a wide variety of materials in order to extend the track structure theory to arbitrary media. Radial dose calculations for carbon, water, silicon, and gold are discussed. As in the past, effective charge is used to scale to heavier projectiles.

The Department of Defense and its budget has been subject to many changes over the last decade, The change in the Department of Defense's budget effects the financial condition of defense industry firms. These defense industries are critical to the Department of Defense, so their financial condition is of a vital concern. The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the financial data of defense industry firms to investigate whether change in financial condition within the defense industry, occurs along stable, identifiable dimensions. The research sample included fifty defense industry firms selected from the top one hundred Department of Defense contractors. Financial data of these firms covered the 1983 to 1992 time period. The analyses conducted involved examination of measures of change for thirty-six financial ratios. Factor analysis procedures were conducted to identify relationships that exist between these ratio changes. The results of the analyses provided evidence that change in financial condition occurs along six dimensions. These dimensions are independent of one another and represent aspects of a firm's financial condition. Specific ratios are identified to represent these dimensions. Collectively, these dimensions and the representative ratios provide a framework for conducting analysis of changes in financial condition.

The Department of Defense and its budget has been subject to many changes over the last decade, The change in the Department of Defense's budget effects the financial condition of defense industry firms. These defense industries are critical to the Department of Defense, so their financial condition is of a vital concern. The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the financial data of defense industry firms to investigate whether change in financial condition within the defense industry, occurs along stable, identifiable dimensions. The research sample included fifty defense industry firms selected from the top one hundred Department of Defense contractors. Financial data of these firms covered the 1983 to 1992 time period. The analyses conducted involved examination of measures of change for thirty-six financial ratios. Factor analysis procedures were conducted to identify relationships that exist between these ratio changes. The results of the analyses provided evidence that change in financial condition occurs along six dimensions. These dimensions are independent of one another and represent aspects of a firm's financial condition. Specific ratios are identified to represent these dimensions. Collectively, these dimensions and the representative ratios provide a framework for conducting analysis of changes in financial condition.

An experimental and analytical investigation was undertaken to determine the influence of asymmetric inlet flows on the performance of axial turbomachinery. Overall performance measurements and circumferential surveys of total pressures, velocities and flow angles were obtained in an axial compressor with inlet disturbances covering approximately 25% of the inlet annulus area. Three configurations were tested to find the principal effects in a single rotor, a complete stage and a multi-stage machine. A two-dimensional linearized theory was developed which includes the effect of losses and leaving angle deviations in the blade rows. The analysis may also be applied to propagating stall so that this theory allows a unified treatment of the two phenomena. Introducing the inlet disturbances did not alter the two-dimensional character of the flow in the compressor. Considerable attenuation of the disturbances occurred through a single rotor and the disturbances were almost completely attenuated downstream of a three stage configuration. The mutual interference of the blade rows with small axial spacing was responsible for significant stator losses. The overall performance deteriorated primarily due to losses occurring in the blade rows. In the three configurations tested the inception of propagating stall, as based on the mean flow rate, was essentially unchanged. The theory qualitatively described the flow behavior and a simple application of the theory would give an estimate of the blade forces.

An experimental and analytical investigation was undertaken to determine the influence of asymmetric inlet flows on the performance of axial turbomachinery. Overall performance measurements and circumferential surveys of total pressures, velocities and flow angles were obtained in an axial compressor with inlet disturbances covering approximately 25% of the inlet annulus area. Three configurations were tested to find the principal effects in a single rotor, a complete stage and a multi-stage machine. A two-dimensional linearized theory was developed which includes the effect of losses and leaving angle deviations in the blade rows. The analysis may also be applied to propagating stall so that this theory allows a unified treatment of the two phenomena. Introducing the inlet disturbances did not alter the two-dimensional character of the flow in the compressor. Considerable attenuation of the disturbances occurred through a single rotor and the disturbances were almost completely attenuated downstream of a three stage configuration. The mutual interference of the blade rows with small axial spacing was responsible for significant stator losses. The overall performance deteriorated primarily due to losses occurring in the blade rows. In the three configurations tested the inception of propagating stall, as based on the mean flow rate, was essentially unchanged. The theory qualitatively described the flow behavior and a simple application of the theory would give an estimate of the blade forces.

An experimental and analytical investigation was undertaken to determine the influence of asymmetric inlet flows on the performance of axial turbomachinery. Overall performance measurements and circumferential surveys of total pressures, velocities and flow angles were obtained in an axial compressor with inlet disturbances covering approximately 25% of the inlet annulus area. Three configurations were tested to find the principal effects in a single rotor, a complete stage and a multi-stage machine. A two-dimensional linearized theory was developed which includes the effect of losses and leaving angle deviations in the blade rows. The analysis may also be applied to propagating stall so that this theory allows a unified treatment of the two phenomena. Introducing the inlet disturbances did not alter the two-dimensional character of the flow in the compressor. Considerable attenuation of the disturbances occurred through a single rotor and the disturbances were almost completely attenuated downstream of a three stage configuration. The mutual interference of the blade rows with small axial spacing was responsible for significant stator losses. The overall performance deteriorated primarily due to losses occurring in the blade rows. In the three configurations tested the inception of propagating stall, as based on the mean flow rate, was essentially unchanged. The theory qualitatively described the flow behavior and a simple application of the theory would give an estimate of the blade forces.

This report contains the results of work accomplished by Boeing Computer Services for AF RADC. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of modern software development techniques on the cost of developing computer software. The five in-house projects selected for study varied in size, type of application, and computing environment. The collection of practices found to have the most beneficial impact on software development are, in order of their impact: Project Organization and Management Procedures, Testing Methodology, Configuration Management and Change Control, and Design Methodology. Existing military standards and specifications are sufficiently comprehensive to encourage the use of beneficial practices; however, certain standards and specifications may require modification to make their applicability to software procurements more pertinent. (Author)

This report describes work performed in support of a research study on the applicability of using associative processing to meet the real-time high data rate processing requirements of the USAF. A GAC STARAN S-1000 associative processor was the object of this study. The work tasks described in the appendices of this document are a subset of those required to complete the RADC research study plan. The parallel implementations of both the AWACS active tracking and passive tracking functions on the RADC STARAN testbed should be completed. The performance of each of these programs should be measured and compared with the performance of their respective serial programs. The tasks required to complete this work are discussed.

This report discusses events leading up to the 1987 South Korean presidential election, political constraints in South Korea under the current electoral laws, the government's policy on revising political laws, and the changes in the constitution and electoral laws.

Volume III of the Final Technical Report is the System Environment Document for the General Utilities System (GUS) Project and covers results from 15 Sept. 1978 - 1 September 1982. These results form the AS-IS GUS modeling based on the study of selected ICAM subsystems that are either newly existing or in developemnt. A GUS taxonomy and User Models were also developed for this project and are included here. Volume I contains the Summary and Overview, and Volume II the System Requirements for GUS.

This Final Technical Report for the General Utilities System (GUS) project covers results from September 15, 1978 - September 1, 1982. This volume contains the project description and scope, an Executive Summary of participants, objectives, approach and accomplishments, and a detailed exposition of project accomplishments for each task in the work breakdown structure. Abstracts of life cycle and interim technical report documents as well as other references are provided. This Final Report comprises three volumes.

These results form the AS-IS GUS requirements based on the study of selected ICAM subsystems that are either newly existing or in development. Cognizance was also taken of user requirements of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Integrated Programs for Aerospace Vehicle Design (IPAD) System and that of the Computer Based Information System (CBIS), which together with GUS, forms the Integrated Information Support System for ICAM applications. Vol. I contains Summary and Overview. Vol. III contains the System Environment. (Author), See also Volume 3, AD-B070 022L.

This report describes work performed in support of an associative processor application study. A GAC STARAN-1000 associative processor (AP) was used to evaluate the capability of a parallel computer architecture to satisfy real time, command and control data processing requirements of the USAF. The passive tracking, radar data correlator and coordinate conversion functions of the AWACS were selected for use in the study. The passive tracking function was designed and implemented on the AP. The performance of the parallel program was compared against that of the sequential version which was measured on an IBM 360/65 computer. The parallel passive tracking program used floating point arithmetic. The coordinate conversion function was also designed and implemented in fixed point arithmetic on the AP. The performance of the parallel program was measured. The radar data correlator function design for AP implementation used a new concept in radar signal processing. No performance data was collected. (Author)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Quality of Life~Contribution Model (QOLC) developed by Murrell and Norris (19S3) as a mental health needs assessment technique for the rural elderly. In this field survey method, measures of mental health areas and program targets within each mental health area are compared and prioritized according to their relative contributions to a subjective index of quality-of-life (QOL). An in-home survey of 60 older adults was conducted. Needs were defined in terms of problems, services, and community support and were measured across the following mental health areas: 1) Depression; 2) Organic Brain Syndrome; 3) Alcohol and Drug Abuse; 4) Anxiety; 5) Caregiver Problems; 6) Schizophrenia; and 7) Health Habits. The utility of the QOLC model was evaluated via the descriptive conclusions generated by multiple regression analysis of the sample survey data, with QOL as the dependent variable and the different need measures and mental health areas as the independent variables. A cost analysis was also completed comparing the net total cost of the QOLC with the hypothesized net total cost of a more traditional mental health needs assessment (consisting of a key informant plus a service use statistics component). The results suggest that although the QOLC mental health needs assessment costs more than simpler needs assessment techniques, it can yield important information that can prevent wasteful spending on increased direct mental health services and can also be used to determine the criteria that should be used to segment the target population.

Burst tests and fracture toughness measurements on D6AC Shillelagh missile motor cases were carried out. The burst testing was done over a temperature range from room temperature down to -200 F. Results of these tests showed that the motor cases burst at approximately 250,000 psi hoop stress regardless of test temperature, and that all fractures were 100 percent shear. Fracture toughness measurements were made on cases containing machined and fatigue-cracked through-the-thickness notches, at room temperature and -65 F. The results of these measurements were in good agreement with previously obtained flat sheet data on similar materials., Legibility of this document is in part unsatisfactory. Reproduction has been made from best available copy.

A study of the strength and notch properties of D6AC (consumable electrode, vacuum-melted Cr-Mo-V) steel sheet, 0.040 inch thick, was conducted to evaluate the effect of tempering for various test temperatures. Smooth tensile, edge-notched tensile, and precracked subsize Charpy specimens were employed. Tempering in the range of 1000F to 1100F provided good fracture toughness with slight loss in strength properties that would be expected at higher tempers. The results are compared with burst tests conducted on Shillelagh motor cases made from the 0.040-in.-thick D6AC steel.

A brief review of the 'critical thickness' concept is presented. Three actual examples of solid rocket motor case designs are then discussed. In the first example, fracture toughness and/or 'critical thickness' were not taken into account, but the case proved adequate. In the second example, a design based on the success of the first case proved inadequate because of an increase in section thickness. In the third example, the 'critical thickness' was properly considered and no brittle failure problem arose. After the discussion of these histories, a simplified technique for obtaining the critical thickness data required for adequate design is presented.

A computer program for the evaluation of cockpit configurations using a 23 pin-joint articulated stick-man (BOEMAN-I) is presented. This program utilized an updatable bank of anthropological and environmental data, and simulates the motion of a real pilot performing tasks in a crewstation. The program provides information concerning reach capability, locations and orientations of joints, pilot-cockpit visual interferences, numerical performance indicators on joint displacement and deflection, and mass displacements. The program provides also a statistical validation when comparing real pilot and BOEMAN-I paths of motion., See also Volume 2, AD703268 and Volume 4, AD703270.

The Cockpit Geometry Evaluation (CGE) Program is a development of improved methods for evaluating the physical compatibility of crew members with crew stations. The heart of the program is a 23-joint, three-dimensional man-model (BOEMAN) that simulates the motion of humans performing tasks in a given environment. The computer program system (CPS) ties the project together. The system uses an updatable bank of anthropological, environmental and task sequence data. This volume contains both the historical development of CGECPS as well as the most recent capabilities and modifications to the Computer Program System. (Modified author abstract), See also Volume 1, AD-772 486.

Our National strategy directs that our Reserve Components be assigned a major role in the military plans of our country. This essay addresses the problem of planning for movement to the mobilization station as Reserve units start their transition from Reserve to Active status. It points up the importance of this first step in any planned expansion of our Active forces using the Reserve Components. It also points up the great gap that exists between the Department of Defense plans for mobilization of the Reserve Components in time of emergency, and the actual capability of these units to reach their mobilization stations in a time frame that will permit them to fulfill their part in the Defense Department's plans. The essay includes recommendations to improve the present requirements for preparation and review of unit movement plans and thereby close the existing time and planning gap. (Modified author abstract)

The Cockpit Geometry Evaluation (CGE) Program is a development of improved methods for evaluating the physical compatibility of crew members with crew stations. The heart of the program is a 23-joint, three-dimensional man-model (BOEMAN) that simulates the motion of humans performing tasks in a given environment. The computer program system (CPS) ties the project together. The system uses an updatable bank of anthropological, environmental and task sequence data. The system provides information concerning data consistency, reach capability, crew station compliance to select military standards, locations and orientations of joints and body segments during movement, visual and/or physical interference of BOEMAN with the crew stations and with himself, numerical performance data on joint displacement and deflection, and mass displacements. (Author)

The paper presents first phase results of an experimental development to establish a standardized method for evaluating crewstation geometry. The new evaluation technique determines whether any sized operator can perform required functions in any specified work station. A 23-pin-joint man-model is used for the development. Joint angular parameters synthesized by mathematically constrained optimization of a nonlinear objective function provide physical movement. The objective function minimized is defined as the weighed squared deviations of the Euler angle parameters from specified preferred angles at each joint. Comparisons of the man-model movement versus human movement show negligible differences in practice, although current tests indicate statistical differences occur. A BOEMAN-1 Computer Program System stores and retrieves data, performs geometry evaluations, and uses computer graphic displays. (Author), Presented at the AIAA Aerospace Computer Systems Conference, Los Angeles, Calif, 8-10 Sep 69.

A mathematical model that positions and moves a variable sized 23-pin joint articulated stick-man in a crewstation environment is presented. The model simulates the motion of pilots in a given cockpit configuration considering gross reach capability required by a task. It utilizes a non-linear optimization technique to position and orient the joints, analyzes the viewing capability after the operation and detects body intersections with the seatback during the task. (Author), See also Volume 3, AD-703 260 and Volume 5, AD-703 271.

An experimental and analytical investigation was undertaken to determine the influence of asymmetric inlet flows on the performance of axial turbomachinery. Overall performance measurements and circumferential surveys of total pressures, velocities and flow angles were obtained in an axial compressor with inlet disturbances covering approximately 25% of the inlet annulus area. Three configurations were tested to find the principal effects in a single rotor, a complete stage and a multi-stage machine. A two-dimensional linearized theory was developed which includes the effect of losses and leaving angle deviations in the blade rows. The analysis may also be applied to propagating stall so that this theory allows a unified treatment of the two phenomena. Introducing the inlet disturbances did not alter the two-dimensional character of the flow in the compressor. Considerable attenuation of the disturbances occurred through a single rotor and the disturbances were almost completely attenuated downstream of a three stage configuration. The mutual interference of the blade rows with small axial spacing was responsible for significant stator losses. The overall performance deteriorated primarily due to losses occurring in the blade rows. In the three configurations tested the inception of propagating stall, as based on the mean flow rate, was essentially unchanged. The theory qualitatively described the flow behavior and a simple application of the theory would give an estimate of the blade forces.