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http://en.fiskforsk.norut.no/fiskeriforskning/publikasjoner/vitenskapelige_artikler/polychlorinated_biphenyl_toxicokinetics_and_p4501a_responses_in_anadromous_arctic_charr_during_winter_emaciation__1

The three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus is an intermediate host of the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus. Changes in predator avoidance, foraging and shoaling behaviour have been reported in sticklebacks infested with S. solidus, but the mechan, Addresses: Overli O, Uppsala Univ, Dept Anim Dev & Genet, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Norbyvagen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Anim Dev & Genet, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Comparat Physiol, Evolution

During the past few years, the DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics has published a series of documents providing guidelines and recommendations concerning the application of DNA polymorphisms to the problems of human identification. This latest report addresses a relatively new area — namely, Y-chromosome polymorphisms, with particular emphasis on short tandem repeats (STRs). This report addresses nomenclature, use of allelic ladders, population genetics and reporting methods.

Udgivelsesdato: 2001-Dec-15, During the past few years, the DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics has published a series of documents providing guidelines and recommendations concerning the application of DNA polymorphisms to the problems of human identification. This latest report addresses a relatively new area - namely, Y-chromosome polymorphisms, with particular emphasis on short tandem repeats (STRs). This report addresses nomenclature, use of allelic ladders, population genetics and reporting methods.

Clinal patterns of autosomal genetic diversity within Europe have been interpreted in previous studies in terms of a Neolithic demic diffusion model for the spread of agriculture; in contrast, studies using mtDNA have traced many founding lineages to the Paleolithic and have not shown strongly clinal variation. We have used 11 human Y-chromosomal biallelic polymorphisms, defining 10 haplogroups, to analyze a sample of 3,616 Y chromosomes belonging to 47 European and circum-European populations. Patterns of geographic differentiation are highly nonrandom, and, when they are assessed using spatial autocorrelation analysis, they show significant clines for five of six haplogroups analyzed. Clines for two haplogroups, representing 45% of the chromosomes, are continentwide and consistent with the demic diffusion hypothesis. Clines for three other haplogroups each have different foci and are more regionally restricted and are likely to reflect distinct population movements, including one from north of the Black Sea. Principal-components analysis suggests that populations are related primarily on the basis of geography, rather than on the basis of linguistic affinity. This is confirmed in Mantel tests, which show a strong and highly significant partial correlation between genetics and geography but a low, nonsignificant partial correlation between genetics and language. Genetic-barrier analysis also indicates the primacy of geography in the shaping of patterns of variation. These patterns retain a strong signal of expansion from the Near East but also suggest that the demographic history of Europe has been complex and influenced by other major population movements, as well as by linguistic and geographic heterogeneities and the effects of drift.

The whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, is a schooling species, and it was hypothesized that, when faced with feed restriction, the behaviours associated with a schooling habit would lead to there being less heterogeneity in feeding and growth than has been o, Addresses: Jobling M, Univ Tromso, NFH, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, FIN-41360 Valkola, Finland. Uppsala Univ, Dept Anim Dev & Genet, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.

We investigated the relationship between social interactions, brain serotonergic activity, and two behavioural patterns in juvenile Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus): feeding and spontaneous swimming activity. Dominant and subordinate individuals were obse, Addresses: Overli O, Uppsala Univ, Dept Anim Dev & Genet, Norbyvagen 18A, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Anim Dev & Genet, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Norwegian Coll Vet Med, Dept Arctic Vet Med, N-9005 Tromso, Norway. Norwegian Inst Fisheries &