11 results on '"Jing Jiang"'
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2. Adapting to climate change: Scenario analysis of grain production in China
- Author
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Zhou, Shudong; Zhou, Wenkui; Lin, Guanghua; Chen, Jing; Jiang, Tong; Li, Man, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-4097 Li, Man, Zhou, Shudong; Zhou, Wenkui; Lin, Guanghua; Chen, Jing; Jiang, Tong; Li, Man, and http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-4097 Li, Man
- Abstract
PR, IFPRI3; ISI; CRP7; A Ensuring Sustainable food production; COP, EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
- Published
- 2017
3. Multifaceted biological insights from a draft genome sequence of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta
- Author
-
Kanost, Michael R., Arrese, Estela L., Cao, Xiaolong, Chen, Yun-ru, Chellapilla, Sanjay, Goldsmith, Marian R., Grosse-wilde, Ewald, Heckel, David G., Herndon, Nicolae, Jiang, Haobo, Papanicolaou, Alexie, Qu, Jiaxin, Soulages, Jose L., Vogel, Heiko, Walters, James, Waterhouse, Robert M., Ahn, Seung-joon, Almeida, Francisca C., An, Chunju, Aqrawi, Peshtewani, Bretschneider, Anne, Bryant, William B., Bucks, Sascha, Chao, Hsu, Chevignon, Germain, Christen, Jayne M., Clarke, David F., Dittmer, Neal T., Ferguson, Laura C. F., Garavelou, Spyridoula, Gordon, Karl H. J., Gunaratna, Ramesh T., Han, Yi, Hauser, Frank, He, Yan, Heidel-fischer, Hanna, Hirsh, Ariana, Hu, Yingxia, Jiang, Hongbo, Kalra, Divya, Klinner, Christian, Konig, Christopher, Kovar, Christie, Kroll, Ashley R., Kuwar, Suyog S., Lee, Sandy L., Lehman, Rudiger, Li, Kai, Li, Zhaofei, Liang, Hanquan, Lovelace, Shanna, Lu, Zhiqiang, Mansfield, Jennifer H., Mcculloch, Kyle J., Mathew, Tittu, Morton, Brian, Muzny, Donna M., Neunemann, David, Ongeri, Fiona, Pauchet, Yannick, Pu, Ling -ling, Pyrousis, Ioannis, Rao, Xiang -jun, Redding, Amanda, Roesel, Charles, Sanchez-gracia, Alejandro, Schaack, Sarah, Shukla, Aditi, Tetreau, Guillaume, Wang, Yang, Xiong, Guang-hua, Traut, Walther, Walsh, Tom K., Worley, Kim C., Wu, Di, Wu, Wenbi, Wu, Yuan-qing, Zhang, Xiufeng, Zou, Zhen, Zucker, Hannah, Briscoe, Adriana D., Burmester, Thorsten, Clem, Rollie J., Feyereisen, Rene, Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P., Hamodrakas, Stavros J., Hansson, Bill S., Huguet, Elisabeth, Jermiin, Lars S., Lan, Que, Lehman, Herman K., Lorenzen, Marce, Merzendorfer, Hans, Michalopoulos, Ioannis, Morton, David B., Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam, Oakeshott, John G., Palmer, Will, Park, Yoonseong, Passarelli, A. Lorena, Rozas, Julio, Schwartz, Lawrence M., Smith, Wendy, Southgate, Agnes, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Vogt, Richard, Wang, Ping, Werren, John, Yu, Xiao-qiang, Zhou, Jing-jiang, Brown, Susan J., Scherer, Steven E., Richards, Stephen, Blissard, Gary W., Kanost, Michael R., Arrese, Estela L., Cao, Xiaolong, Chen, Yun-ru, Chellapilla, Sanjay, Goldsmith, Marian R., Grosse-wilde, Ewald, Heckel, David G., Herndon, Nicolae, Jiang, Haobo, Papanicolaou, Alexie, Qu, Jiaxin, Soulages, Jose L., Vogel, Heiko, Walters, James, Waterhouse, Robert M., Ahn, Seung-joon, Almeida, Francisca C., An, Chunju, Aqrawi, Peshtewani, Bretschneider, Anne, Bryant, William B., Bucks, Sascha, Chao, Hsu, Chevignon, Germain, Christen, Jayne M., Clarke, David F., Dittmer, Neal T., Ferguson, Laura C. F., Garavelou, Spyridoula, Gordon, Karl H. J., Gunaratna, Ramesh T., Han, Yi, Hauser, Frank, He, Yan, Heidel-fischer, Hanna, Hirsh, Ariana, Hu, Yingxia, Jiang, Hongbo, Kalra, Divya, Klinner, Christian, Konig, Christopher, Kovar, Christie, Kroll, Ashley R., Kuwar, Suyog S., Lee, Sandy L., Lehman, Rudiger, Li, Kai, Li, Zhaofei, Liang, Hanquan, Lovelace, Shanna, Lu, Zhiqiang, Mansfield, Jennifer H., Mcculloch, Kyle J., Mathew, Tittu, Morton, Brian, Muzny, Donna M., Neunemann, David, Ongeri, Fiona, Pauchet, Yannick, Pu, Ling -ling, Pyrousis, Ioannis, Rao, Xiang -jun, Redding, Amanda, Roesel, Charles, Sanchez-gracia, Alejandro, Schaack, Sarah, Shukla, Aditi, Tetreau, Guillaume, Wang, Yang, Xiong, Guang-hua, Traut, Walther, Walsh, Tom K., Worley, Kim C., Wu, Di, Wu, Wenbi, Wu, Yuan-qing, Zhang, Xiufeng, Zou, Zhen, Zucker, Hannah, Briscoe, Adriana D., Burmester, Thorsten, Clem, Rollie J., Feyereisen, Rene, Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P., Hamodrakas, Stavros J., Hansson, Bill S., Huguet, Elisabeth, Jermiin, Lars S., Lan, Que, Lehman, Herman K., Lorenzen, Marce, Merzendorfer, Hans, Michalopoulos, Ioannis, Morton, David B., Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam, Oakeshott, John G., Palmer, Will, Park, Yoonseong, Passarelli, A. Lorena, Rozas, Julio, Schwartz, Lawrence M., Smith, Wendy, Southgate, Agnes, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Vogt, Richard, Wang, Ping, Werren, John, Yu, Xiao-qiang, Zhou, Jing-jiang, Brown, Susan J., Scherer, Steven E., Richards, Stephen, and Blissard, Gary W.
- Abstract
Manduca sexta, known as the tobacco hornworm or Carolina sphinx moth, is a lepidopteran insect that is used extensively as a model system for research in insect biochemistry, physiology, neurobiology, development, and immunity. One important benefit of this species as an experimental model is its extremely large size, reaching more than 10 g in the larval stage. M. sexta larvae feed on solanaceous plants and thus must tolerate a substantial challenge from plant allelochemicals, including nicotine. We report the sequence and annotation of the M. sexta genome, and a survey of gene expression in various tissues and developmental stages. The Msex_1.0 genome assembly resulted in a total genome size of 419.4 Mbp. Repetitive sequences accounted for 25.8% of the assembled genome. The official gene set is comprised of 15,451 protein-coding genes, of which 2498 were manually curated. Extensive RNA-seq data from many tissues and developmental stages were used to improve gene models and for insights into gene expression patterns. Genome wide synteny analysis indicated a high level of macrosynteny in the Lepidoptera. Annotation and analyses were carried out for gene families involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes, including apoptosis, vacuole sorting, growth and development, structures of exoskeleton, egg shells, and muscle, vision, chemosensation, ion channels, signal transduction, neuropeptide signaling, neurotransmitter synthesis and transport, nicotine tolerance, lipid metabolism, and immunity. This genome sequence, annotation, and analysis provide an important new resource from a well-studied model insect species and will facilitate further biochemical and mechanistic experimental studies of many biological systems in insects.
- Published
- 2016
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4. Unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome.
- Author
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Benoit, Joshua B, Benoit, Joshua B, Adelman, Zach N, Reinhardt, Klaus, Dolan, Amanda, Poelchau, Monica, Jennings, Emily C, Szuter, Elise M, Hagan, Richard W, Gujar, Hemant, Shukla, Jayendra Nath, Zhu, Fang, Mohan, M, Nelson, David R, Rosendale, Andrew J, Derst, Christian, Resnik, Valentina, Wernig, Sebastian, Menegazzi, Pamela, Wegener, Christian, Peschel, Nicolai, Hendershot, Jacob M, Blenau, Wolfgang, Predel, Reinhard, Johnston, Paul R, Ioannidis, Panagiotis, Waterhouse, Robert M, Nauen, Ralf, Schorn, Corinna, Ott, Mark-Christoph, Maiwald, Frank, Johnston, J Spencer, Gondhalekar, Ameya D, Scharf, Michael E, Peterson, Brittany F, Raje, Kapil R, Hottel, Benjamin A, Armisén, David, Crumière, Antonin Jean Johan, Refki, Peter Nagui, Santos, Maria Emilia, Sghaier, Essia, Viala, Sèverine, Khila, Abderrahman, Ahn, Seung-Joon, Childers, Christopher, Lee, Chien-Yueh, Lin, Han, Hughes, Daniel ST, Duncan, Elizabeth J, Murali, Shwetha C, Qu, Jiaxin, Dugan, Shannon, Lee, Sandra L, Chao, Hsu, Dinh, Huyen, Han, Yi, Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan, Worley, Kim C, Muzny, Donna M, Wheeler, David, Panfilio, Kristen A, Vargas Jentzsch, Iris M, Vargo, Edward L, Booth, Warren, Friedrich, Markus, Weirauch, Matthew T, Anderson, Michelle AE, Jones, Jeffery W, Mittapalli, Omprakash, Zhao, Chaoyang, Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Evans, Jay D, Attardo, Geoffrey M, Robertson, Hugh M, Zdobnov, Evgeny M, Ribeiro, Jose MC, Gibbs, Richard A, Werren, John H, Palli, Subba R, Schal, Coby, Richards, Stephen, Benoit, Joshua B, Benoit, Joshua B, Adelman, Zach N, Reinhardt, Klaus, Dolan, Amanda, Poelchau, Monica, Jennings, Emily C, Szuter, Elise M, Hagan, Richard W, Gujar, Hemant, Shukla, Jayendra Nath, Zhu, Fang, Mohan, M, Nelson, David R, Rosendale, Andrew J, Derst, Christian, Resnik, Valentina, Wernig, Sebastian, Menegazzi, Pamela, Wegener, Christian, Peschel, Nicolai, Hendershot, Jacob M, Blenau, Wolfgang, Predel, Reinhard, Johnston, Paul R, Ioannidis, Panagiotis, Waterhouse, Robert M, Nauen, Ralf, Schorn, Corinna, Ott, Mark-Christoph, Maiwald, Frank, Johnston, J Spencer, Gondhalekar, Ameya D, Scharf, Michael E, Peterson, Brittany F, Raje, Kapil R, Hottel, Benjamin A, Armisén, David, Crumière, Antonin Jean Johan, Refki, Peter Nagui, Santos, Maria Emilia, Sghaier, Essia, Viala, Sèverine, Khila, Abderrahman, Ahn, Seung-Joon, Childers, Christopher, Lee, Chien-Yueh, Lin, Han, Hughes, Daniel ST, Duncan, Elizabeth J, Murali, Shwetha C, Qu, Jiaxin, Dugan, Shannon, Lee, Sandra L, Chao, Hsu, Dinh, Huyen, Han, Yi, Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan, Worley, Kim C, Muzny, Donna M, Wheeler, David, Panfilio, Kristen A, Vargas Jentzsch, Iris M, Vargo, Edward L, Booth, Warren, Friedrich, Markus, Weirauch, Matthew T, Anderson, Michelle AE, Jones, Jeffery W, Mittapalli, Omprakash, Zhao, Chaoyang, Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Evans, Jay D, Attardo, Geoffrey M, Robertson, Hugh M, Zdobnov, Evgeny M, Ribeiro, Jose MC, Gibbs, Richard A, Werren, John H, Palli, Subba R, Schal, Coby, and Richards, Stephen
- Abstract
The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. This global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition to widespread insecticide resistance. Analyses of the C. lectularius sequenced genome (650 Mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide a comprehensive representation of genes that are linked to traumatic insemination, a reduced chemosensory repertoire of genes related to obligate hematophagy, host-symbiont interactions, and several mechanisms of insecticide resistance. In addition, we document the presence of multiple putative lateral gene transfer events. Genome sequencing and annotation establish a solid foundation for future research on mechanisms of insecticide resistance, human-bed bug and symbiont-bed bug associations, and unique features of bed bug biology that contribute to the unprecedented success of C. lectularius as a human ectoparasite.
- Published
- 2016
5. Unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome
- Author
-
Benoit, Joshua B., Adelman, Zach N., Reinhardt, Klaus, Dolan, Amanda, Poelchau, Monica, Jennings, Emily C., Szuter, Elise M., Hagan, Richard W., Gujar, Hemant, Shukla, Jayendra Nath, Zhu, Fang, Mohan, M., Nelson, David R., Rosendale, Andrew J., Derst, Christian, Resnik, Valentina, Wernig, Sebastian, Menegazzi, Pamela, Wegener, Christian, Peschel, Nicolai, Hendershot, Jacob M., Blenau, Wolfgang, Predel, Reinhard, Johnston, Paul R., Ioannidis, Panagiotis, Waterhouse, Robert M., Nauen, Ralf, Schorn, Corinna, Ott, Mark-Christoph, Maiwald, Frank, Johnston, J. Spencer, Gondhalekar, Ameya D., Scharf, Michael E., Peterson, Brittany F., Raje, Kapil R., Hottel, Benjamin A., Armisen, David, Crumiere, Antonin Jean Johan, Refki, Peter Nagui, Santos, Maria Emilia, Sghaier, Essia, Viala, Severine, Khila, Abderrahman, Ahn, Seung-Joon, Childers, Christopher, Lee, Chien-Yueh, Lin, Han, Hughes, Daniel S. T., Duncan, Elizabeth J., Murali, Shwetha C., Qu, Jiaxin, Dugan, Shannon, Lee, Sandra L., Chao, Hsu, Dinh, Huyen, Han, Yi, Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan, Worley, Kim C., Muzny, Donna M., Wheeler, David, Panfilio, Kristen A., Jentzsch, Iris M. Vargas, Vargo, Edward L., Booth, Warren, Friedrich, Markus, Weirauch, Matthew T., Anderson, Michelle A. E., Jones, Jeffery W., Mittapalli, Omprakash, Zhao, Chaoyang, Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Evans, Jay D., Attardo, Geoffrey M., Robertson, Hugh M., Zdobnov, Evgeny M., Ribeiro, Jose M. C., Gibbs, Richard A., Werren, John H., Palli, Subba R., Schal, Coby, Richards, Stephen, Benoit, Joshua B., Adelman, Zach N., Reinhardt, Klaus, Dolan, Amanda, Poelchau, Monica, Jennings, Emily C., Szuter, Elise M., Hagan, Richard W., Gujar, Hemant, Shukla, Jayendra Nath, Zhu, Fang, Mohan, M., Nelson, David R., Rosendale, Andrew J., Derst, Christian, Resnik, Valentina, Wernig, Sebastian, Menegazzi, Pamela, Wegener, Christian, Peschel, Nicolai, Hendershot, Jacob M., Blenau, Wolfgang, Predel, Reinhard, Johnston, Paul R., Ioannidis, Panagiotis, Waterhouse, Robert M., Nauen, Ralf, Schorn, Corinna, Ott, Mark-Christoph, Maiwald, Frank, Johnston, J. Spencer, Gondhalekar, Ameya D., Scharf, Michael E., Peterson, Brittany F., Raje, Kapil R., Hottel, Benjamin A., Armisen, David, Crumiere, Antonin Jean Johan, Refki, Peter Nagui, Santos, Maria Emilia, Sghaier, Essia, Viala, Severine, Khila, Abderrahman, Ahn, Seung-Joon, Childers, Christopher, Lee, Chien-Yueh, Lin, Han, Hughes, Daniel S. T., Duncan, Elizabeth J., Murali, Shwetha C., Qu, Jiaxin, Dugan, Shannon, Lee, Sandra L., Chao, Hsu, Dinh, Huyen, Han, Yi, Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan, Worley, Kim C., Muzny, Donna M., Wheeler, David, Panfilio, Kristen A., Jentzsch, Iris M. Vargas, Vargo, Edward L., Booth, Warren, Friedrich, Markus, Weirauch, Matthew T., Anderson, Michelle A. E., Jones, Jeffery W., Mittapalli, Omprakash, Zhao, Chaoyang, Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Evans, Jay D., Attardo, Geoffrey M., Robertson, Hugh M., Zdobnov, Evgeny M., Ribeiro, Jose M. C., Gibbs, Richard A., Werren, John H., Palli, Subba R., Schal, Coby, and Richards, Stephen
- Abstract
The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. This global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition to widespread insecticide resistance. Analyses of the C. lectularius sequenced genome (650Mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide a comprehensive representation of genes that are linked to traumatic insemination, a reduced chemosensory repertoire of genes related to obligate hematophagy, host-symbiont interactions, and several mechanisms of insecticide resistance. In addition, we document the presence of multiple putative lateral gene transfer events. Genome sequencing and annotation establish a solid foundation for future research on mechanisms of insecticide resistance, human-bed bug and symbiont-bed bug associations, and unique features of bed bug biology that contribute to the unprecedented success of C. lectularius as a human ectoparasite.
- Published
- 2016
6. Unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome
- Author
-
Entomology, Benoit, Joshua B., Adelman, Zach N., Reinhardt, Klaus, Dolan, Amanda M., Poelchau, Monica, Jennings, Emily C., Szuter, Elise M., Hagan, Richard W., Gujar, Hemant, Shukla, Jayendra Nath, Zhu, Fang, Mohan, M., Nelson, David R., Rosendale, Andrew J., Derst, Christian, Resnik, Valentina, Wernig, Sebastian, Menegazzi, Pamela, Wegener, Christian, Peschel, Nicolai, Hendershot, Jacob M., Blenau, Wolfgang, Predel, Reinhard, Johnston, Paul R., Ioannidis, Panagiotis, Waterhouse, Robert M., Nauen, Ralf, Schorn, Corinna, Ott, Mark-Christoph, Maiwald, Frank, Johnston, J. Spencer, Gondhalekar, Ameya D., Scharf, Michael E., Peterson, Brittany F., Raje, Kapil R., Hottel, Benjamin A., Armisen, David, Crumiere, Antonin Jean Johan, Refki, Peter Nagui, Santos, Maria Emilia, Sghaier, Essia, Viala, Severine, Khila, Abderrahman, Ahn, Seung-Joon, Childers, Christopher, Lee, Chien-Yueh, Lin, Han, Hughes, Daniel S. T., Duncan, Elizabeth J., Murali, Shwetha C., Qu, Jiaxin, Dugan, Shannon, Lee, Sandra L., Chao, Hsu, Dinh, Huyen, Han, Yi, Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan, Worley, Kim C., Muzny, Donna M., Wheeler, David, Panfilio, Kristen A., Jentzsch, Iris M. Vargas, Vargo, Edward L., Booth, Warren, Friedrich, Markus, Weirauch, Matthew T., Anderson, Michelle A. E., Jones, Jeffery W., Mittapalli, Omprakash, Zhao, Chaoyang, Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Evans, Jay D., Attardo, Geoffrey M., Robertson, Hugh M., Zdobnov, Evgeny M., Ribeiro, Jose M. C., Gibbs, Richard A., Werren, John H., Palli, Subba R., Schal, Coby, Richards, Stephen, Entomology, Benoit, Joshua B., Adelman, Zach N., Reinhardt, Klaus, Dolan, Amanda M., Poelchau, Monica, Jennings, Emily C., Szuter, Elise M., Hagan, Richard W., Gujar, Hemant, Shukla, Jayendra Nath, Zhu, Fang, Mohan, M., Nelson, David R., Rosendale, Andrew J., Derst, Christian, Resnik, Valentina, Wernig, Sebastian, Menegazzi, Pamela, Wegener, Christian, Peschel, Nicolai, Hendershot, Jacob M., Blenau, Wolfgang, Predel, Reinhard, Johnston, Paul R., Ioannidis, Panagiotis, Waterhouse, Robert M., Nauen, Ralf, Schorn, Corinna, Ott, Mark-Christoph, Maiwald, Frank, Johnston, J. Spencer, Gondhalekar, Ameya D., Scharf, Michael E., Peterson, Brittany F., Raje, Kapil R., Hottel, Benjamin A., Armisen, David, Crumiere, Antonin Jean Johan, Refki, Peter Nagui, Santos, Maria Emilia, Sghaier, Essia, Viala, Severine, Khila, Abderrahman, Ahn, Seung-Joon, Childers, Christopher, Lee, Chien-Yueh, Lin, Han, Hughes, Daniel S. T., Duncan, Elizabeth J., Murali, Shwetha C., Qu, Jiaxin, Dugan, Shannon, Lee, Sandra L., Chao, Hsu, Dinh, Huyen, Han, Yi, Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan, Worley, Kim C., Muzny, Donna M., Wheeler, David, Panfilio, Kristen A., Jentzsch, Iris M. Vargas, Vargo, Edward L., Booth, Warren, Friedrich, Markus, Weirauch, Matthew T., Anderson, Michelle A. E., Jones, Jeffery W., Mittapalli, Omprakash, Zhao, Chaoyang, Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Evans, Jay D., Attardo, Geoffrey M., Robertson, Hugh M., Zdobnov, Evgeny M., Ribeiro, Jose M. C., Gibbs, Richard A., Werren, John H., Palli, Subba R., Schal, Coby, and Richards, Stephen
- Abstract
The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. This global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition to widespread insecticide resistance. Analyses of the C. lectularius sequenced genome (650Mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide a comprehensive representation of genes that are linked to traumatic insemination, a reduced chemosensory repertoire of genes related to obligate hematophagy, host–symbiont interactions, and several mechanisms of insecticide resistance. In addition, we document the presence of multiple putative lateral gene transfer events. Genome sequencing and annotation establish a solid foundation for future research on mechanisms of insecticide resistance, human–bed bug and symbiont–bed bug associations, and unique features of bed bug biology that contribute to the unprecedented success of C. lectularius as a human ectoparasite
- Published
- 2016
7. Multifaceted biological insights from a draft genome sequence of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta
- Author
-
Kanost, Michael R, Arrese, Estela L, Cao, Xiaolong, Chen, Yun-Ru, Chellapilla, Sanjay, Goldsmith, Marian R, Grosse-Wilde, Ewald, Heckel, David G, Herndon, Nicolae, Jiang, Haobo, Papanicolaou, Alexie, Qu, Jiaxin, Soulages, Jose L, Vogel, Heiko, Walters, James, Waterhouse, Robert M, Ahn, Seung-Joon, Almeida, Francisca C, An, Chunju, Aqrawi, Peshtewani, Bretschneider, Anne, Bryant, William B, Bucks, Sascha, Chao, Hsu, Chevignon, Germain, Christen, Jayne M, Clarke, David F, Dittmer, Neal T, Ferguson, Laura C F, Garavelou, Spyridoula, Gordon, Karl H J, Gunaratna, Ramesh T, Han, Yi, Hauser, Frank, He, Yan, Heidel-Fischer, Hanna, Hirsh, Ariana, Hu, Yingxia, Jiang, Hongbo, Kalra, Divya, Klinner, Christian, König, Christopher, Kovar, Christie, Kroll, Ashley R, Kuwar, Suyog S, Lee, Sandy L, Lehman, Rüdiger, Li, Kai, Li, Zhaofei, Liang, Hanquan, Lovelace, Shanna, Lu, Zhiqiang, Mansfield, Jennifer H, McCulloch, Kyle J, Mathew, Tittu, Morton, Brian, Muzny, Donna M, Neunemann, David, Ongeri, Fiona, Pauchet, Yannick, Pu, Ling-Ling, Pyrousis, Ioannis, Rao, Xiang-Jun, Redding, Amanda, Roesel, Charles, Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro, Schaack, Sarah, Shukla, Aditi, Tetreau, Guillaume, Wang, Yang, Xiong, Guang-Hua, Traut, Walther, Walsh, Tom K, Worley, Kim C, Wu, Di, Wu, Wenbi, Wu, Yuan-Qing, Zhang, Xiufeng, Zou, Zhen, Zucker, Hannah, Briscoe, Adriana D, Burmester, Thorsten, Clem, Rollie J, Feyereisen, René, Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis, Hamodrakas, Stavros J, Hansson, Bill S, Huguet, Elisabeth, Jermiin, Lars S, Lan, Que, Lehman, Herman K, Lorenzen, Marce, Merzendorfer, Hans, Michalopoulos, Ioannis, Morton, David B, Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam, Oakeshott, John G, Palmer, Will, Park, Yoonseong, Passarelli, A Lorena, Rozas, Julio, Schwartz, Lawrence M, Smith, Wendy, Southgate, Agnes, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Vogt, Richard, Wang, Ping, Werren, John, Yu, Xiao-Qiang, Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Brown, Susan J, Scherer, Steven E, Richards, Stephen, Blissard, Gary W, Kanost, Michael R, Arrese, Estela L, Cao, Xiaolong, Chen, Yun-Ru, Chellapilla, Sanjay, Goldsmith, Marian R, Grosse-Wilde, Ewald, Heckel, David G, Herndon, Nicolae, Jiang, Haobo, Papanicolaou, Alexie, Qu, Jiaxin, Soulages, Jose L, Vogel, Heiko, Walters, James, Waterhouse, Robert M, Ahn, Seung-Joon, Almeida, Francisca C, An, Chunju, Aqrawi, Peshtewani, Bretschneider, Anne, Bryant, William B, Bucks, Sascha, Chao, Hsu, Chevignon, Germain, Christen, Jayne M, Clarke, David F, Dittmer, Neal T, Ferguson, Laura C F, Garavelou, Spyridoula, Gordon, Karl H J, Gunaratna, Ramesh T, Han, Yi, Hauser, Frank, He, Yan, Heidel-Fischer, Hanna, Hirsh, Ariana, Hu, Yingxia, Jiang, Hongbo, Kalra, Divya, Klinner, Christian, König, Christopher, Kovar, Christie, Kroll, Ashley R, Kuwar, Suyog S, Lee, Sandy L, Lehman, Rüdiger, Li, Kai, Li, Zhaofei, Liang, Hanquan, Lovelace, Shanna, Lu, Zhiqiang, Mansfield, Jennifer H, McCulloch, Kyle J, Mathew, Tittu, Morton, Brian, Muzny, Donna M, Neunemann, David, Ongeri, Fiona, Pauchet, Yannick, Pu, Ling-Ling, Pyrousis, Ioannis, Rao, Xiang-Jun, Redding, Amanda, Roesel, Charles, Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro, Schaack, Sarah, Shukla, Aditi, Tetreau, Guillaume, Wang, Yang, Xiong, Guang-Hua, Traut, Walther, Walsh, Tom K, Worley, Kim C, Wu, Di, Wu, Wenbi, Wu, Yuan-Qing, Zhang, Xiufeng, Zou, Zhen, Zucker, Hannah, Briscoe, Adriana D, Burmester, Thorsten, Clem, Rollie J, Feyereisen, René, Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis, Hamodrakas, Stavros J, Hansson, Bill S, Huguet, Elisabeth, Jermiin, Lars S, Lan, Que, Lehman, Herman K, Lorenzen, Marce, Merzendorfer, Hans, Michalopoulos, Ioannis, Morton, David B, Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam, Oakeshott, John G, Palmer, Will, Park, Yoonseong, Passarelli, A Lorena, Rozas, Julio, Schwartz, Lawrence M, Smith, Wendy, Southgate, Agnes, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Vogt, Richard, Wang, Ping, Werren, John, Yu, Xiao-Qiang, Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Brown, Susan J, Scherer, Steven E, Richards, Stephen, and Blissard, Gary W
- Abstract
Manduca sexta, known as the tobacco hornworm or Carolina sphinx moth, is a lepidopteran insect that is used extensively as a model system for research in insect biochemistry, physiology, neurobiology, development, and immunity. One important benefit of this species as an experimental model is its extremely large size, reaching more than 10 g in the larval stage. M. sexta larvae feed on solanaceous plants and thus must tolerate a substantial challenge from plant allelochemicals, including nicotine. We report the sequence and annotation of the M. sexta genome, and a survey of gene expression in various tissues and developmental stages. The Msex_1.0 genome assembly resulted in a total genome size of 419.4 Mbp. Repetitive sequences accounted for 25.8% of the assembled genome. The official gene set is comprised of 15,451 protein-coding genes, of which 2498 were manually curated. Extensive RNA-seq data from many tissues and developmental stages were used to improve gene models and for insights into gene expression patterns. Genome wide synteny analysis indicated a high level of macrosynteny in the Lepidoptera. Annotation and analyses were carried out for gene families involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes, including apoptosis, vacuole sorting, growth and development, structures of exoskeleton, egg shells, and muscle, vision, chemosensation, ion channels, signal transduction, neuropeptide signaling, neurotransmitter synthesis and transport, nicotine tolerance, lipid metabolism, and immunity. This genome sequence, annotation, and analysis provide an important new resource from a well-studied model insect species and will facilitate further biochemical and mechanistic experimental studies of many biological systems in insects.
- Published
- 2016
8. Simulacijska analiza čvrstoće i karakteristika akustičke emisije raspucale stijenske mase
- Author
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Zhi-jie Wen, Xiao Wang, Qing-hai Li, Guan Lin, Shao-jie Chen, Yu-jing Jiang, Zhi-jie Wen, Xiao Wang, Qing-hai Li, Guan Lin, Shao-jie Chen, and Yu-jing Jiang
- Abstract
Kako bi se analizirao utjecaj kuta, broja i raspona raspukline na čvrstoću i karakteristike akustičke emisije (AE) stijenske mase, postavljen je jednoosni kompresijski model uzoraka stijene uz primjenu PFC2D računalne platforme za protok mikro čestica. Metodom pokusa i pogreške određeni su originalni parametri stijene, u modelu su unaprijed izvedene raspukline različitih kutova, brojeva i razmaka, te je provedeno ispitivanje na pritisak metodom praćenja pomaka. Tlačna čvrstoća, modul elastičnosti i vremenske karakteristike AE uzoraka stijene su se povećali, smanjili te ponovo povećali kako se povećavao kut raspukline. Karakteristike AE kod raspukline kutova 0°, 15°, 30° i 90° bile su u skladu s onima kod originalnih uzoraka stijene, dok su se kod kuta raspukline od 45° ÷ 75° pojavile relativno diskretne karakteristike AE. Veći broj raspuklina podudarao se u nižoj jednoosnoj tlačnoj čvrstoći, modulu elastičnosti i intenzitetu AE. Međutim, nije došlo do značajne promjene u vremenu i veličini deformacije. Tlačna čvrstoća i intenzitet signala AE uzoraka stijene porasli su s povećanjem razmaka raspukline, ali se to nije pokazalo na pokazivaču vremena AE. Jednoosna ispitivanja kompresije provedena su numeričkom simulacijom kako bi se izbjegli nehomogeni i diskretni učinci ispitivanja u zatvorenom prostoru i točno odredio utjecaj kuta, broja i razmaka raspukline na čvrstoću i karakteristike AE stijenske mase. Rezultati mogu pomoći kod određivanja odgovarajućih kriterija za predviđanje nestabilnosti stijenske mase., To analyse the influence of joint angle, number and spacing on the strength and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of rock mass, the uniaxial compression model of rock specimens was established using the micro particle flow PFC2D software platform. The intact rock parameters were determined via trial and error, joints with different angles, numbers and spacing were prefabricated in the model, and a compression test was performed using the displacement control method. The compressive strength, elastic modulus, and AE time characteristics of the rock specimens increased, decreased, and then increased again along with increasing joint angle. The AE characteristics at joint angles 0°, 15°, 30° and 90° were consistent with those of the intact rock specimens, while the 45° ÷ 75° joint angle showed relatively discrete AE characteristics. A larger number of joints corresponded to lower uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and AE intensity. However, the time and strain range of the obvious AE were not significant. The compressive strength and AE signal intensity of the rock specimens increased along with joint spacing, but the AE triggering time did not show obvious changes. Uniaxial compression tests were performed via numerical simulation to avoid the non-homogeneous and discrete effects from the indoor test and to reflect accurately the influence of joint angle, number, and spacing on the strength and AE characteristics of rock mass. The results can help in generating reliable criteria for predicting the instability of engineering rock mass.
- Published
- 2016
9. Unique Features of Odorant-Binding Proteins of the Parasitoid Wasp Nasonia vitripennis Revealed by Genome Annotation and Comparative Analyses
- Author
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Vieira, Filipe G., Forêt, Sylvain, He, Xiaoli, Rozas, Julio, Field, Linda M., Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Vieira, Filipe G., Forêt, Sylvain, He, Xiaoli, Rozas, Julio, Field, Linda M., and Zhou, Jing-Jiang
- Abstract
Insects are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, comprising over 90% of all metazoan life forms, and have adapted to a wide diversity of ecosystems in nearly all environments. They have evolved highly sensitive chemical senses that are central to their interaction with their environment and to communication between individuals. Understanding the molecular bases of insect olfaction is therefore of great importance from both a basic and applied perspective. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are some of most abundant proteins found in insect olfactory organs, where they are the first component of the olfactory transduction cascade, carrying odorant molecules to the olfactory receptors. We carried out a search for OBPs in the genome of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis and identified 90 sequences encoding putative OBPs. This is the largest OBP family so far reported in insects. We report unique features of the N. vitripennis OBPs, including the presence and evolutionary origin of a new subfamily of double-domain OBPs (consisting of two concatenated OBP domains), the loss of conserved cysteine residues and the expression of pseudogenes. This study also demonstrates the extremely dynamic evolution of the insect OBP family: (i) the number of different OBPs can vary greatly between species; (ii) the sequences are highly diverse, sometimes as a result of positive selection pressure with even the canonical cysteines being lost; (iii) new lineage specific domain arrangements can arise, such as the double domain OBP subfamily of wasps and mosquitoes.
- Published
- 2012
10. Genome Sequence of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
- Author
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Richards, Stephen, Gibbs, Richard A., Gerardo, Nicole M., Moran, Nancy, Nakabachi, Atsushi, Stern, David, Tagu, Denis, Wilson, Alex C. C., Muzny, Donna, Kovar, Christie, Cree, Andy, Chacko, Joseph, Chandrabose, Mimi N., Dao, Marvin Diep, Dinh, Huyen H., Gabisi, Ramatu Ayiesha, Hines, Sandra, Hume, Jennifer, Jhangian, Shalini N., Joshi, Vandita, Lewis, Lora R., Liu, Yih-shin, Lopez, John, Morgan, Margaret B., Nguyen, Ngoc Bich, Okwuonu, Geoffrey O., Ruiz, San Juana, Santibanez, Jireh, Wright, Rita A., Fowler, Gerald R., Hitchens, Matthew E., Lozado, Ryan J., Moen, Charles, Steffen, David, Warren, James T., Zhang, Jingkun, Nazareth, Lynne V., Chavez, Dean, Davis, Clay, Lee, Sandra L., Patel, Bella Mayurkumar, Pu, Ling-Ling, Bell, Stephanie N., Johnson, Angela Jolivet, Vattathil, Selina, Williams, Rex L., Jr., Shigenobu, Shuji, Dang, Phat M., Morioka, Mizue, Fukatsu, Takema, Kudo, Toshiaki, Miyagishima, Shin-ya, Jiang, Huaiyang, Worley, Kim C., Legeai, Fabrice, Gauthier, Jean-Pierre, Collin, Olivier, Zhang, Lan, Chen, Hsiu-Chuan, Ermolaeva, Olga, Hlavina, Wratko, Kapustin, Yuri, Kiryutin, Boris, Kitts, Paul, Maglott, Donna, Murphy, Terence, Pruitt, Kim, Sapojnikov, Victor, Souvorov, Alexandre, Thibaud-Nissen, Francoise, Camara, Francisco, Guigo, Roderic, Stanke, Mario, Solovyev, Victor, Kosarev, Peter, Gilbert, Don, Gabaldon, Toni, Huerta-Cepas, Jaime, Marcet-Houben, Marina, Pignatelli, Miguel, Moya, Andres, Rispe, Claude, Ollivier, Morgane, Quesneville, Hadi, Permal, Emmanuelle, Llorens, Carlos, Futami, Ricardo, Hedges, Dale, Robertson, Hugh M., Alioto, Tyler, Mariotti, Marco, Nikoh, Naruo, McCutcheon, John P., Burke, Gaelen, Kamins, Alexandra, Latorre, Amparo, Moran, Nancy A., Ashton, Peter, Calevro, Federica, Charles, Hubert, Colella, Stefano, Douglas, Angela, Jander, Georg, Jones, Derek H., Febvay, Gerard, Kamphuis, Lars G., Kushlan, Philip F., Macdonald, Sandy, Ramsey, John, Schwartz, Julia, Seah, Stuart, Thomas, Gavin, Vellozo, Augusto, Cass, Bodil, Degnan, Patrick, Hurwitz, Bonnie, Leonardo, Teresa, Koga, Ryuichi, Altincicek, Boran, Anselme, Caroline, Atamian, Hagop, Barribeau, Seth M., de Vos, Martin, Duncan, Elizabeth J., Evans, Jay, Ghanim, Murad, Heddi, Abdelaziz, Kaloshian, Isgouhi, Vincent-Monegat, Carole, Parker, Ben J., Perez-Brocal, Vicente, Rahbe, Yvan, Spragg, Chelsea J., Tamames, Javier, Tamarit, Daniel, Tamborindeguy, Cecilia, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Bickel, Ryan D., Brisson, Jennifer A., Butts, Thomas, Chang, Chun-che, Christiaens, Olivier, Davis, Gregory K., Duncan, Elizabeth, Ferrier, David, Iga, Masatoshi, Janssen, Ralf, Lu, Hsiao-Ling, McGregor, Alistair, Miura, Toru, Smagghe, Guy, Smith, James, van der Zee, Maurijn, Velarde, Rodrigo, Wilson, Megan, Dearden, Peter, Edwards, Owain R., Gordon, Karl, Hilgarth, Roland S., Rider, Stanley Dean, Jr., Srinivasan, Dayalan, Walsh, Thomas K., Ishikawa, Asano, Jaubert-Possamai, Stephanie, Fenton, Brian, Huang, Wenting, Rizk, Guillaume, Lavenier, Dominique, Nicolas, Jacques, Smadja, Carole, Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Vieira, Filipe G., He, Xiao-Li, Liu, Renhu, Rozas, Julio, Field, Linda M., Ashton, Peter D., Campbell, Peter, Carolan, James C., Douglas, Angela E., Fitzroy, Carol I. J., Reardon, Karen T., Reeck, Gerald R., Singh, Karam, Wilkinson, Thomas L., Huybrechts, Jurgen, Abdel-latief, Mohatmed, Robichon, Alain, Veenstra, Jan A., Hauser, Frank, Cazzamali, Giuseppe, Schneider, Martina, Williamson, Michael, Stafflinger, Elisabeth, Hansen, Karina K., Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P., Price, Daniel R. G., Caillaud, Marina, van Fleet, Eric, Ren, Qinghu, Gatehouse, John A., Brault, Veronique, Monsion, Baptiste, Diaz, Jason, Hunnicutt, Laura, Ju, Ho-Jong, Pechuan, Ximo, Aguilar, Jose, Cortes, Teresa, Ortiz-Rivas, Benjamin, Martinez-Torres, David, Dombrovsky, Aviv, Dale, Richard P., Davies, T. G. Emyr, Williamson, Martin S., Jones, Andrew, Sattelle, David, Williamson, Sally, Wolstenholme, Adrian, Cottret, Ludovic, Sagot, Marie France, Heckel, David G., Hunter, Wayne, Richards, Stephen, Gibbs, Richard A., Gerardo, Nicole M., Moran, Nancy, Nakabachi, Atsushi, Stern, David, Tagu, Denis, Wilson, Alex C. C., Muzny, Donna, Kovar, Christie, Cree, Andy, Chacko, Joseph, Chandrabose, Mimi N., Dao, Marvin Diep, Dinh, Huyen H., Gabisi, Ramatu Ayiesha, Hines, Sandra, Hume, Jennifer, Jhangian, Shalini N., Joshi, Vandita, Lewis, Lora R., Liu, Yih-shin, Lopez, John, Morgan, Margaret B., Nguyen, Ngoc Bich, Okwuonu, Geoffrey O., Ruiz, San Juana, Santibanez, Jireh, Wright, Rita A., Fowler, Gerald R., Hitchens, Matthew E., Lozado, Ryan J., Moen, Charles, Steffen, David, Warren, James T., Zhang, Jingkun, Nazareth, Lynne V., Chavez, Dean, Davis, Clay, Lee, Sandra L., Patel, Bella Mayurkumar, Pu, Ling-Ling, Bell, Stephanie N., Johnson, Angela Jolivet, Vattathil, Selina, Williams, Rex L., Jr., Shigenobu, Shuji, Dang, Phat M., Morioka, Mizue, Fukatsu, Takema, Kudo, Toshiaki, Miyagishima, Shin-ya, Jiang, Huaiyang, Worley, Kim C., Legeai, Fabrice, Gauthier, Jean-Pierre, Collin, Olivier, Zhang, Lan, Chen, Hsiu-Chuan, Ermolaeva, Olga, Hlavina, Wratko, Kapustin, Yuri, Kiryutin, Boris, Kitts, Paul, Maglott, Donna, Murphy, Terence, Pruitt, Kim, Sapojnikov, Victor, Souvorov, Alexandre, Thibaud-Nissen, Francoise, Camara, Francisco, Guigo, Roderic, Stanke, Mario, Solovyev, Victor, Kosarev, Peter, Gilbert, Don, Gabaldon, Toni, Huerta-Cepas, Jaime, Marcet-Houben, Marina, Pignatelli, Miguel, Moya, Andres, Rispe, Claude, Ollivier, Morgane, Quesneville, Hadi, Permal, Emmanuelle, Llorens, Carlos, Futami, Ricardo, Hedges, Dale, Robertson, Hugh M., Alioto, Tyler, Mariotti, Marco, Nikoh, Naruo, McCutcheon, John P., Burke, Gaelen, Kamins, Alexandra, Latorre, Amparo, Moran, Nancy A., Ashton, Peter, Calevro, Federica, Charles, Hubert, Colella, Stefano, Douglas, Angela, Jander, Georg, Jones, Derek H., Febvay, Gerard, Kamphuis, Lars G., Kushlan, Philip F., Macdonald, Sandy, Ramsey, John, Schwartz, Julia, Seah, Stuart, Thomas, Gavin, Vellozo, Augusto, Cass, Bodil, Degnan, Patrick, Hurwitz, Bonnie, Leonardo, Teresa, Koga, Ryuichi, Altincicek, Boran, Anselme, Caroline, Atamian, Hagop, Barribeau, Seth M., de Vos, Martin, Duncan, Elizabeth J., Evans, Jay, Ghanim, Murad, Heddi, Abdelaziz, Kaloshian, Isgouhi, Vincent-Monegat, Carole, Parker, Ben J., Perez-Brocal, Vicente, Rahbe, Yvan, Spragg, Chelsea J., Tamames, Javier, Tamarit, Daniel, Tamborindeguy, Cecilia, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Bickel, Ryan D., Brisson, Jennifer A., Butts, Thomas, Chang, Chun-che, Christiaens, Olivier, Davis, Gregory K., Duncan, Elizabeth, Ferrier, David, Iga, Masatoshi, Janssen, Ralf, Lu, Hsiao-Ling, McGregor, Alistair, Miura, Toru, Smagghe, Guy, Smith, James, van der Zee, Maurijn, Velarde, Rodrigo, Wilson, Megan, Dearden, Peter, Edwards, Owain R., Gordon, Karl, Hilgarth, Roland S., Rider, Stanley Dean, Jr., Srinivasan, Dayalan, Walsh, Thomas K., Ishikawa, Asano, Jaubert-Possamai, Stephanie, Fenton, Brian, Huang, Wenting, Rizk, Guillaume, Lavenier, Dominique, Nicolas, Jacques, Smadja, Carole, Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Vieira, Filipe G., He, Xiao-Li, Liu, Renhu, Rozas, Julio, Field, Linda M., Ashton, Peter D., Campbell, Peter, Carolan, James C., Douglas, Angela E., Fitzroy, Carol I. J., Reardon, Karen T., Reeck, Gerald R., Singh, Karam, Wilkinson, Thomas L., Huybrechts, Jurgen, Abdel-latief, Mohatmed, Robichon, Alain, Veenstra, Jan A., Hauser, Frank, Cazzamali, Giuseppe, Schneider, Martina, Williamson, Michael, Stafflinger, Elisabeth, Hansen, Karina K., Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P., Price, Daniel R. G., Caillaud, Marina, van Fleet, Eric, Ren, Qinghu, Gatehouse, John A., Brault, Veronique, Monsion, Baptiste, Diaz, Jason, Hunnicutt, Laura, Ju, Ho-Jong, Pechuan, Ximo, Aguilar, Jose, Cortes, Teresa, Ortiz-Rivas, Benjamin, Martinez-Torres, David, Dombrovsky, Aviv, Dale, Richard P., Davies, T. G. Emyr, Williamson, Martin S., Jones, Andrew, Sattelle, David, Williamson, Sally, Wolstenholme, Adrian, Cottret, Ludovic, Sagot, Marie France, Heckel, David G., and Hunter, Wayne
- Abstract
Aphids are important agricultural pests and also biological models for studies of insect-plant interactions, symbiosis, virus vectoring, and the developmental causes of extreme phenotypic plasticity. Here we present the 464 Mb draft genome assembly of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. This first published whole genome sequence of a basal hemimetabolous insect provides an outgroup to the multiple published genomes of holometabolous insects. Pea aphids are host-plant specialists, they can reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they have coevolved with an obligate bacterial symbiont. Here we highlight findings from whole genome analysis that may be related to these unusual biological features. These findings include discovery of extensive gene duplication in more than 2000 gene families as well as loss of evolutionarily conserved genes. Gene family expansions relative to other published genomes include genes involved in chromatin modification, miRNA synthesis, and sugar transport. Gene losses include genes central to the IMD immune pathway, selenoprotein utilization, purine salvage, and the entire urea cycle. The pea aphid genome reveals that only a limited number of genes have been acquired from bacteria; thus the reduced gene count of Buchnera does not reflect gene transfer to the host genome. The inventory of metabolic genes in the pea aphid genome suggests that there is extensive metabolite exchange between the aphid and Buchnera, including sharing of amino acid biosynthesis between the aphid and Buchnera. The pea aphid genome provides a foundation for post-genomic studies of fundamental biological questions and applied agricultural problems.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A fungal nitrate carrier with two transport mechanisms.
- Author
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Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Trueman, Laurence J., Boorer, Kathryn J., Theodoulou, Frederica L., Forde, Brian G., Miller, Anthony J., Zhou, Jing-Jiang, Trueman, Laurence J., Boorer, Kathryn J., Theodoulou, Frederica L., Forde, Brian G., and Miller, Anthony J.
- Abstract
We have expressed the CRNA high affinity nitrate transporter from Emericella (Aspergillus) nidulans in Xenopus oocytes and used electrophysiology to study its properties. This method was used because there are no convenient radiolabeled substrates for the transporter. Oocytes injected with crnA mRNA showed nitrate-, nitrite-, and chlorite-dependent currents. Although the gene was originally identified by chlorate selection there was no evidence for transport of this anion. The gene selection is explained by the high affinity of the transporter for chlorite, and the fact that this ion contaminates solutions of chlorate. The pH-dependence of the anion-elicited currents was consistent with H+-coupled mechanism of transport. At any given voltage, currents showed hyperbolic kinetics with respect to extracellular H+, and these data could be fitted with a Michaelis-Menten relationship. But this equation did not adequately describe transport of the anion substrates. At higher concentrations of the anion substrates and more negative membrane voltages, the currents were decreased, but this effect was independent of changes in external pH. These more complicated kinetics could be fit by an equation containing two Michaelis-Menten terms. The substrate inhibition of the currents could be explained by a transport reaction cycle that included two routes for the transfer of nitrate across the membrane, one on the empty carrier and the other proton coupled. The model predicts that the substrate inhibition of transporter current depends on the cytosolic nitrate concentration. This is the first time a high affinity nitrate transport activity has been characterized in a heterologous system and the measurements show how the properties of the CRNA transporter are modified by changes in the membrane potential, external pH, and nitrate concentration. The physiological significance of these observations is discussed.
- Published
- 2000
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