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Uloga lidarskih tehnika i metoda sa kvantnim generatorima, a i optičkih metoda uopšte u očuvanju kulturne baštine i energetici, je i dalje u stalnom porastu. Ova izjava već mnogo godina samo menja nagib porasta, ali i dalje važi. Trend primene beskontaktnih metoda u mernim tehnikama je i dalje prisutan, gde uloge preuzimaju fotoni. Iako su i optičke metode već odavno prisutne u oblasti energetike, a sada i u oblasti kulturne baštine sa mnogo zadataka, uloge laserskih tehnika za daljinsku kontrolu ili za laboratorijske nalaze su pretrpele kvalitativne promene. Ako su se prvobitno kontrolisali daljinski parametri jedne vrste sada se ide na kontrole parametara različite vrste sa mnogo manjim brojem merenja. Povećavaju se rezolucije i krug mogućnosti pojedinih razvijenih lidarskih sistema. U ovom radu su autori analizirali izabrane tehnike sa akcentom na ulozi lasera, i uočavali krug uključenih fundamentalnih procesa. Date analize su sadržane u postojećim primenama, a ukazane su i buduće potencijalne primene. Rad se bavi analizom složenijih i egzaktnijih zakonitosti, ali sagledava procese i sisteme i kroz praktična rešenja da bi se lakše ukazalo na manje poznate sprege, koje se mogu kroz paralelizam postojećih opisa mikrookolina primenjivati. Razmotreni su i softverski alati. S obzirom na širinu pojma i energetike i kulturne baštine i na potrebu da ove dve oblasti budu u pozitivnoj sprezi, rad razmatra paralelna istraživanja i stalne, buduće zadatke., The role of LIDAR techniques and methods using quantum generators as well as optical methods in general for preservation of cultural heritage and power engine ering is in constant increase. This sttement for years changes only its incline but is still valid. The trend of contact less methods use in measuring techniques persists, where photons are taking over certain roles. Although, optical methods are present for long period of time in power engineering and know in cultural heritage preservation in numerous tasks. The useo f laser techniques for remote monitoring of for laboratory measurements suffered qualitative changes. If previously were monitored parameters of certain type, now this migrates to remote monitoring of different types of parameters with far less number of measurements. The resolutions are getting greater as well as the set of performances of developed lidar systems. In this paper authors analyzed chosen techniques accentuating lasers use, and identified the area of fundamental processes, thus being included. Given analysis are introduced relating to existing applications, pointing out future use. Paper deals with analysis of more complex and exact approaches, processes and systems trough optimal solutions. Authors are pointing out less known feedbacks, which could be used for descriptions of micro and macro environments using parallel isms. Software tools are considered. Having in mind the vast area of power engineering and cultural heritage preservation and also the need for these areas to be in positive feedback, paper deals with parallel and specific investigations and constant and future tasks.

Two series, one of triblock (PCL/PEO/PCL) and the other of diblock (PCL/PEO) copolymers were prepared by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone catalized with tin(II) octoate and by using dihydroxy or monohydroxy poly(ethylene oxide) as the macroinitiator. The PEO block length was fixed (M-n 1,000 g/mol) and the PCL block lengths (M-n 10,000-40,000 g/mol) were tailored by changing weight ratio of epsilon-CL/PEO. The copolymers' structure was confirmed by H-1 and quantitative C-13 NMR spectroscopy while their molecular weights were determined by GPC analysis. The thermal properties and the degree of crystallinity of the copolymers were investigated and compared by using DSC and WAXS. Both types of copolymers were semicrystalline with the orthorhombic PCL crystal lattice. The surface morphology of the copolymer films was investigated by using optical microscopy and AFM analysis, which confirmed the spherulitic lamellar structure with spherulites of different diameters. Data indicated that a low content of PEO segment had an influence on thermal degradation behavior, crystallinity and morphology of copolymers. Roughness of copolymer films was affected by the content of PEO and correlated with the spherulites' diameter. The small changes in water and moisture absorption properties of copolymers compared to homopolymer PCL were observed.

Two series, one of triblock (PCL/PEO/PCL) and the other of diblock (PCL/PEO) copolymers were prepared by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone catalized with tin(II) octoate and by using dihydroxy or monohydroxy poly(ethylene oxide) as the macroinitiator. The PEO block length was fixed (M-n 1,000 g/mol) and the PCL block lengths (M-n 10,000-40,000 g/mol) were tailored by changing weight ratio of epsilon-CL/PEO. The copolymers' structure was confirmed by H-1 and quantitative C-13 NMR spectroscopy while their molecular weights were determined by GPC analysis. The thermal properties and the degree of crystallinity of the copolymers were investigated and compared by using DSC and WAXS. Both types of copolymers were semicrystalline with the orthorhombic PCL crystal lattice. The surface morphology of the copolymer films was investigated by using optical microscopy and AFM analysis, which confirmed the spherulitic lamellar structure with spherulites of different diameters. Data indicated that a low content of PEO segment had an influence on thermal degradation behavior, crystallinity and morphology of copolymers. Roughness of copolymer films was affected by the content of PEO and correlated with the spherulites' diameter. The small changes in water and moisture absorption properties of copolymers compared to homopolymer PCL were observed.

This paper deals with characterization of materials, by the use of objective descriptions of materials optical properties. Here the materials of biological origin were tested. Authors presented their selection of the optical constants for the purpose of material detection and recognition. For plants of interest in medicine and pharmacy (root, fruit and leaves), in their most commonly used state powders, spectral coefficients of reflection in visible spectrum portion were measured. Depending on measurements using correlation methods, chosen groups of parameters were obtained, that could help determine presence of certain species. For characteristic spectra and plant species, certain laser wavelengths were evaluated in the light of being most suitable for distinguishing presence of plants. As second valuable fact, reflection coefficient in bio stimulation determines the level of power (power density, dose, etc) which laser really transfers to the system.

This paper deals with characterization of materials, by the use of objective descriptions of materials optical properties. Here the materials of biological origin were tested. Authors presented their selection of the optical constants for the purpose of material detection and recognition. For plants of interest in medicine and pharmacy (root, fruit and leaves), in their most commonly used state powders, spectral coefficients of reflection in visible spectrum portion were measured. Depending on measurements using correlation methods, chosen groups of parameters were obtained, that could help determine presence of certain species. For characteristic spectra and plant species, certain laser wavelengths were evaluated in the light of being most suitable for distinguishing presence of plants. As second valuable fact, reflection coefficient in bio stimulation determines the level of power (power density, dose, etc) which laser really transfers to the system.

Se(IV) and Se(VI) anions are the dominant species of Se existing in aqueous systems. In this study, the iron(III)-modified natural zeolitic tuff (Fe-CLI) from the Serbian deposit Zlatokop has been investigated as an adsorbent for the Se oxyanions. Fe-CLI shows adsorption activity for both Se(IV) and Se(VI) which decreases with increasing pH. The adsorption capacity of Fe-CLI is found to be higher for Se(IV) than for Se(VI). Kinetics data follow the pseudo-second-order model and the obtained parameters k indicate that the rates of adsorption and desorption are higher for Se(VI). Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses reveal that Se is bound at the zeolite surface forming not only the Se-O-Fe but also Se-O-Si bonds. The adsorption mechanism depends of the type of oxo ions. Samples of zeolitic tuff which contain Se were tested as soil supplements for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms. The fungus adsorbed the inorganic Se from zeolitic tuff transforming it to a more valuable organically bound form. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc.

Se(IV) and Se(VI) anions are the dominant species of Se existing in aqueous systems. In this study, the iron(III)-modified natural zeolitic tuff (Fe-CLI) from the Serbian deposit Zlatokop has been investigated as an adsorbent for the Se oxyanions. Fe-CLI shows adsorption activity for both Se(IV) and Se(VI) which decreases with increasing pH. The adsorption capacity of Fe-CLI is found to be higher for Se(IV) than for Se(VI). Kinetics data follow the pseudo-second-order model and the obtained parameters k indicate that the rates of adsorption and desorption are higher for Se(VI). Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses reveal that Se is bound at the zeolite surface forming not only the Se-O-Fe but also Se-O-Si bonds. The adsorption mechanism depends of the type of oxo ions. Samples of zeolitic tuff which contain Se were tested as soil supplements for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms. The fungus adsorbed the inorganic Se from zeolitic tuff transforming it to a more valuable organically bound form. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc.