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For Freudenthal, the practice of mathematics in the curriculum is not a set of predetermined theories, goals and means. On the contrary, it is always associated with positively understood phenomenological processes in mathematics, as the curriculum is often used in conjunction with the transformation or development of practice. For Freudenthal (1968), educational theory was a practical endeavour from which new theoretical ideas could emerge as a kind of scientific by-product. In his view, curriculum development should not take place from the academic ivory tower, but in schools, in collaboration with teachers and students. He expressed similar ideas and, by calling for a practical curriculum, eloquently questioned curriculum theory in research and development and innovation.

200 p., El colangiocarcinoma (CCA) es un conjunto de tumores que se originan en la vía biliar y debido a su carácter asintomático, se diagnostican en fases muy avanzadas, limitando sustancialmente las posibles opciones terapéuticas. Por ello, existe la urgente necesidad de descubrir los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en el desarrollo y progresión del CCA con el fin de encontrar nuevas dianas terapéuticas, así como biomarcadores para su diagnóstico precoz y para poder predecir su pronóstico. Durante los últimos años, se ha observado que el receptor scavenger MARCO tiene un papel clave en la polarización de los macrófagos y en consecuencia en la respuesta inmune adaptativa. Evidencias recientes en tumores sólidos como el carcinoma de mama, colon y melanoma indican que el receptor MARCO se expresa en macrófagos asociados a tumor (TAMs) tipo M2 inmunosupresores en el microambiente tumoral, contribuyendo a la inmunosupresión y al desarrollo y progresión de estos cánceres. Sin embargo, el papel de MARCO en la etiopatogenia del CCA permanece prácticamente desconocido. Nuestros datos en muestras de pacientes con CCA intrahepático (iCCA) indican que MARCO se encuentra en TAMs involucrados en procesos asociados a la inmunosupresión y a la remodelación de la matriz extracelular. Además, elevados niveles de expresión de MARCO en muestras de iCCA están asociados con un peor pronóstico y también se relacionan con una disfuncionalidad de los linfocitos T. En este sentido, los ratones deficientes de MARCO (Marco-/-) han demostrado tener una protección frente al desarrollo y progresión del iCCA en diferentes modelos experimentales murinos, y estudios proteómicos llevados a cabo con células de iCCA murinas y macrófagos residentes del hígado demuestran una regulación de procesos clave implicados en la colangiocarcinogénesis.

Nowadays, conventional welding technologies such as submerged arc welding (SAW) are still used in most heavy-steel industries. This type of traditional technology means that welding takes up a large part of the productive time. As a solution to this problem, there are welding methods, such as Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding (LAHW), that have the potential to reduce the cost of manufacturing large steel structures. This is possible due to the reduced number of weld passes required to join thicker steel sections, as large thicknesses can be welded in one or a few passes. A problem with LAHW is achieving satisfactory quality. For this reason, it is essential to study the starting conditions, e.g. edge joint preparation. The target of this research work is to find out the relationship between the penetration value of the weld bead obtained and the edge joint preparation. The evolution of the molten pool and the behavior of the molten material in the joint is discussed for the different edge joint preparation configurations. The effect of the roughness is that it affects the wetting of the molten material in the joint, which would affect the penetration result, together with the gap and air volume gap used in the joint. Cut-wire is also used in the research, in samples that presented a larger air volume gap. The behavior of the molten metal inside the joint in this case is also discussed. In addition, the quality of the weld beads has also been determined by making macrographs, microstructural analysis, X-ray, microhardness profiles, tensile test and Charpy test. Some pores and cracks have been found, although destructive tests show adequate behavior of the weld bead. It is possible to elucidate from the findings that as the roughness, gap and/or air volume gap of the edge joint increases, the penetration value obtained increases. Cut-wire samples obtained full penetration.

416 p., La aplicación de la Constitución de Cádiz en Cuba durante los períodos de 1812-1814 y 1820-1823 supuso la implementación de una nueva organización político-administrativa y la celebración de elecciones democráticas. Al mismo tiempo, la libertad de prensa concitó un amplio debate en la opinión pública, especialmente en La Habana. Estos procesos afloraron una serie de tensiones: de carácter territorial entre el centro político de la isla y las periferias, entre sectores sociales, grupos de interés económico, etc. Desde el punto de vista territorial las élites locales del interior del país se resistieron al nuevo centralismo liberal y a la hegemonía de La Habana como capital de facto. Al interior de la ciudad, un grupo de descontentos con el ¿pacto colonial¿ aprovechó el contexto constitucional para atacar a las élites agroexportadoras y acceder a las nuevas instituciones de gobierno. En los distritos del interior, las elecciones constitucionales revelan antiguas y nuevas diferencias en el seno de las elites locales, hasta ahora casi desconocidas por la historiografía. El análisis de conjunto de estos procesos revelan una realidad socio-política de la Cuba de las primeras décadas del XIX mucho más compleja de lo que refleja la historiografía a propósito de la ¿siempre fiel¿ o la excepcionalidad cubana.El trabajo se fundamenta en un amplio acopio de documentación de archivo (Archivo Histórico Nacional, Archivo General de Indias, Archivo Nacional de Cuba, entre otros), prensa del periodo y otros fuentes primarias editadas, así como en una abundante bibliografía. Se han manejado las herramientas teóricas y metodológicas de la ¿nueva historia política¿, prosopografía, historia de redes y de la historia conceptual. El trabajo viene a concluir, entre otras coas, que la aplicación de la Constitución gaditana en Cuba provocó una movilización sin precedentes que abrió la sociedad de la Antilla a la modernidad política

285 p., CRM1 bestelako ehunka proteinaren, kargoren, nukleotik zitoplasmaranzko garraioa egikaritzen duen hartzailea da. Horretarako, CRM1ek poltsiko hidrofobiko bat du, zeinetara kargoen esportazio seinaleak, NESak, lotzen diren. Tesi honetan, hainbat kargo edota NES berri identifikatu eta baieztatu dira, horien artean, lehenengoz aktiboki garraiatzen den mikropeptido bat eta horren NESa identifikatu dira. Gainera CRM1 eta NESen arteko lotura testu inguru zelularrean sakontasunean aztertzeko esportazio entsegu berri bat garatu da, zeinak lotura horretan parte hartzen duen aminoazido bakoitzaren zeresana aztertzeko bidea eman duen.Bestetik, CRM1en kargo asko minbiziarekin erlazionatuta, beraz, ez da harritzekoa CRM1 minbiziarekin estuki erlazionaturik egotea. CRM1 minbizian gainadierazita zein mutaturik aurkitu da, eta jada, CRM1 inhibitzaile den selinexor minbizia jakin batzuen tratamendurako onartua izan da. Tesi honetan, CRM1en mutazio onkogenikoak NESen esportazioan duen eragina aztertu da, gainera, selinexor eta beste ituratutako farmakoen arteko sinergia posibleak bilatu dira AML zelulak erabiltzen dituen sistema modelo batean. Eta bukatzeko, CRM1en inhibitzaileek proteoma mailan duten eragina aztertzea ahalbidetuko duen proteinen gertuko biotinilazioan oinarritutako estrategia berri bat garatu da.

Faradaic deionization (FDI) is an emerging and promising electrochemical technology for stable and efficient water desalination. Battery-type energy storage materials applied in FDI have demonstrated to achieve higher salt removal capacities than carbon-based conventional capacitive deionization (CDI) systems. However, most of the reported FDI systems are based on inorganic intercalation compounds that lack cost, safety and sustainability benefits, thereby curtailing the development of a feasible FDI cell. In this work, we introduce an all-polymer rocking chair practical FDI cell, with a symmetric system composed by a redox-active naphthalene-polyimide (named as PNDIE) buckypaper organic electrodes. First, electrochemical performance of PNDIE in 0.05 M NaCl under open-air conditions is evaluated in both three-electrode half- and symmetric FDI full-cell using typical lab-scale electrode dimensions (1.6 mgPNDIE; 0.78 cm2), revealing promising specific capacity (115 mAh g-1) and excellent cycle stability for full-cell experiments (77 % capacity retention over 1000 cycles). Then, all-polymer rocking chair FDI flow cell was constructed with practical PNDIE electrodes (92.2 mgPNDIE; 9.6 cm2) that delivered large desalination capacity (155.4 mg g-1 at 0.01 A g-1) and high salt removal rate and productivity (3.42 mg g-1 min-1 at 0.04 A g-1 and 62 L h-1 m-2, respectively). In addition, long-term stability (23 days) experiments revealed salt adsorption capacity (SAC) retention values over 95% after 100 cycles. The overall electrochemical and deionization performances of the reported technology is far superior than the state-of-the-art CDI and FDI techniques, making it a competitive choice for robust and sustainable “water-energy” electrochemical applications.

Glycans are everywhere in Nature, where they play a plethora of functions in every domain of life. The recognition of glycans by lectins is at the heart of a myriad of biological proceses, including host-pathogen interactions, which have made them essential targets in the field of drug discovery. In this context, the main focus of this Thesis has centred on unravelling of the conformational and structural properties of the recognition of a battery of natural and synthetically obtained glycans to two specific human lectins, galectin-8 and DC-SIGN. This analysis has been performed employing a synergic combination of NMR-based methods, assisted by other experimental methods (ITC) and computational tools (Molecular Dynamics simulations).

Unformatted post-print version of the accepted article, There has been considerable interest in the nucleation and crystallization of polymers in the presence of nanoparticles (NPs, or nanofillers in general, NFs). Most of the extensive work in this area has focused on anisotropic, non-Brownian NFs (e.g., clay sheets, carbon nanotubes) whose spatial dispersion state in these nanocomposites is controlled by the process by which they are formed. While NF spatial dispersion is thus generally poor, or poorly characterized, in many works, thermodynamic handles that can be used to control NF dispersion state in the polymer melt include (a) favorable interactions between the polymer chains and the bare NP surfaces, or (b) the density and length of the chains, with the same chemistry as the matrix, grafted to the NP surface. These relatively large NFs merely act as immovable objects that affect the kinetics of nucleation by providing heterogeneous sites, and the crystallization rate by confining the polymer in the melt state. The dispersion state of the NFs can dramatically 2 affect the nucleation and crystallization of the matrix, but in most cases reported, the NFs increase nucleation efficiency relative to the neat polymer. At higher NF loadings, the effect of polymer confinement by the NFs dominates, leading to a decrease in crystal growth rates. In this review, we first describe the most important lessons learned from these commonly studied systems and then use this knowledge to understand the results obtained when small, mobile spherical NPs (typically smaller than 100 nm in size) are used as the nanofillers. The role of NP mobility, which provides for dynamic confinement of the polymer melt, on the kinetics of polymer crystallization (nucleation, growth, and overall crystallization) and how this behavior is mostly consistent with the case of immobile NF is a second important focus of our review. In addition to the role of NFs on crystallization kinetics, we discuss recently reported nanoparticle ordering phenomena, i.e.

270 p., Los análisis moleculares, tanto de genética como de microbiota intestinal, pueden ser herramientas de medición imprecisas por sí solas pero muy importantes en la determinación del perfil fisiológico individual de los deportistas. Pese a que la investigación actual en biología molecular aplicada al deporte es extensa, no encontramos una aplicación práctica diaria que sea válida en su aplicación para deportistas y entrenadores. Por ello, el presente trabajo determina como el aporte de datos desde los análisis moleculares al conjunto de valoraciones específicas de rendimiento puede contribuir importantemente a la determinación de la funcionalidad fenotípica de los deportistas. Conocer las posibles tendencias innatas asociadas al rendimiento físico a través del análisis genético puede ayudarnos a detectar particularidades individuales y mejorar los modelos de entrenamiento basados en la individualidad. Además, podemos especular como la capacidad adaptativa individual ante estímulos concretos influye en el rendimiento final deportivo. Por ejemplo, como la falta de una característica genética determinante para el desarrollo de un fenotipo puede ser sustituida con el desarrollo de otra particularidad fisiológica adaptativa. La capacidad plástica de la microbiota intestinal y su gran influencia en la salud y el desarrollo fisiológico nos aportan una gran capacidad de poder influir en el estado del deportista. Por ello, la detección y categorización de fenotipos de rendimiento asociados a la microbiota intestinal puede ser un objetivo a desarrollar en los siguientes años de investigación. De este modo, poder mejorar las herramientas de análisis molecular puede favorecer directamente la prevención de lesiones y mejorar el estado perceptivo frente a limitantes en la progresión del rendimiento en deportistas. La individualización del entrenamiento y la valoración del deportista desde la perspectiva molecular y fisiológica debe ser el futuro de la investigación y la aplicación p

315 p., Glycans are ubiquitous molecules in nature. They participate in a plethora of functions, they cover the surface of cells as integral constituents of complex glycoconjugates (glycoproteins, and glycolipids) forming the glycocalyx. The molecular recognition of glycans by lectins is a finely tuned process where even the most minimal change within the recognized glycan structure can lead to drastic changes within the meticulously orchestrated symphony of life. For that reason, understanding the structure, dynamics, and interactions of glycans is of paramount importance for being able to modulate biological events related to health and disease. In this Thesis, I have employed a synergic combination of advanced NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography methods with biophysical techniques, assisted by computational chemistry tools to elucidate the intricate process of molecular recognition of glycans.

Objective: To determine that placing 0.2% chlorhexidine gel after third molar surgery maintains the basal serum levels of IL-6 without change. Material and methods: a total of 30 patients, groups A and B were established, with A receiving 1 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine gel Bexident encías® in the socket and placebo (injectable water) for B. Randomization was done through the use of envelopes. Blood extraction and extraoral clinical measurement were performed with a flexible plastic ruler, using lines drawn from the mandibular angle towards the tragus of the ear, external canthus of the eye, edge of the wing of the nose, labial commissure and soft pogonion, 10 minutes before, 1 hour 30 minutes later and 24 hours later; the blood samples were centrifuged and frozen at a temperature of -80º. Surgical extractions were performed under local anesthesia with a triangular flap with vertical discharge, and 3/0 vycril suture was applied in all. IL-6 was quantified by means of an ELISA plate. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the values when comparing between groups. Conclusions: The placement of 1 ml of chlorhexidine gel 2% in the tooth socket after third molar surgery does not maintain stable IL-6 levels in blood 1 hour 30 minutes and 24 hours after the procedure, compared to baseline values measured 10 minutes before intervention., Objetivo: Determinar que colocar gel de clorhexidina al 0.2% posterior a una cirugía de terceros molares, mantiene los niveles séricos basales de IL-6 sin cambio. Material y métodos: un total de 30 pacientes, se establecieron grupos A y B, siendo el A al cual se le colocó 1 ml de gel de clorhexidina al 0.2% Bexident encías® de manera intraalveolar y el B se colocó placebo (agua inyectable). La aleatorización fue al azar mediante sobres. Se realizó extracción de sangre y medición clínica extraoral con regla de plástico flexible, usando líneas dibujadas del ángulo mandibular hacia trago de la oreja, canto externo del ojo, borde del ala de la nariz, comisura labial y pogonion suave, 10 minutos antes, 1 hora 30 minutos después y 24 horas después; las muestras sanguíneas se centrifugaron y se congelaron a una temperatura de -80º. Se realizaron las extracciones quirúrgicas bajo anestesia local con colgajo triangular con descarga vertical, y en todos se aplicó sutura vycril 3/0. Se cuantificó la IL-6 fue por medio de placa ELISA. Resultados: No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los valores al comparar entre grupos. Conclusiones: La colocación de 1 ml de clorhexidina en gel al .2% intraalveolar después de una cirugía de tercer molar, no mantiene estables los niveles de IL-6 en sangre a la 1 hora 30 minutos y 24 horas después, respecto a los valores basales tomados 10 minutos antes del procedimiento.

Due to the adverse effects of excessive sugar consumption on health, the confectionery industry aims to meet the demand for palatable products while maintaining healthy options. This research focused on using polyols as an alternative to sugar in the confectionery industry. It addressed the classification of confectionery products and the nutritional evaluation of polyols, including their metabolism, impact on health, consumer perception, and applications, to provide a beneficial overview for stakeholders. The results indicated that polyols are adequate substitutes for sugar due to their capacity as bulking agents, low glycemic index, and lower calorie content. Additionally, they do not affect insulin levels and benefit oral health. However, their use presents challenges regarding taste and production costs, and excessive consumption can cause gastrointestinal side effects. In conclusion, the research supported using polyols as viable alternatives to sugar in confectionery, contributing to the offering of healthier products. However, consumer preferences and potential side effects should be considered when developing these products., La industria de la confitería busca satisfacer la demanda de productos palatables manteniendo opciones saludables, debido a los efectos negativos del consumo excesivo de azúcar en la salud. Esta investigación se centró en el uso de polioles como alternativa al azúcar en la industria de la confitería. Se abordó la clasificación de los productos de confitería y la evaluación nutricional de los polioles, metabolismo, impacto en la salud, percepción del consumidor y aplicaciones para brindar una visión general beneficiosa para los interesados. Los resultados indicaron que los polioles son eficaces como sustitutos del azúcar debido a su capacidad como agentes de carga, su bajo índice glucémico y su menor contenido calórico. Además, no afectan los niveles de insulina y presentan efectos beneficiosos para la salud bucal. Sin embargo, su uso presenta desafíos en términos de sabor y costos de producción, y el consumo excesivo puede causar efectos secundarios gastrointestinales. En conclusión, la investigación respaldó el uso de los polioles como alternativas viables al azúcar en la confitería, contribuyendo a ofrecer productos más saludables, aunque se deben considerar las preferencias del consumidor y los posibles efectos secundarios en el desarrollo de estos productos.

Introduction: Biomass is an important energy source, as it has high potential and produces low environmental impact. Biomass can be harnessed thermochemical processes such as gasification, combustion and pyrolysis. Biomass gasification is a well-studied process as it allows the production of combustible gases with properties that depend on the gasifying agent used. Objective: perform an exergetic analysis of steam generation by gasification of agro-industrial corn residues. Method: First, a biomass characterization was performed to determine its properties. A computational model of the biomass gasification process was then performed in Aspen Plus. The model was made in a stationary state and it was taken into account that all the gases behave in an ideal way. Results: the developed model estimates a syngas with lower heating value (LHV) of 6.18 MJ/Nm3, which was subsequently injected into a boiler for the generation of steam of the system. After this, an exergetic analysis was made with the data thrown in the simulation, which resulted in 14.37 kW are used in the generation of steam, likewise it was determined that the exergetic efficiency of the system is of 35%. Conclusions: Theoretical data could be obtained from a gasification system coupled to a boiler that allows generating steam for use in various applications. Also, it is observed that much of the energy that is produced is not used, due to losses and irreversibility of the system., Introducción: La biomasa es una fuente de energía que adquiere relevancia, ya que tiene alto potencial y produce bajo impacto medioambiental. La biomasa puede ser aprovechada procesos termoquímicos como la gasificación, la combustión y el pirólisis. La gasificación de biomasa es un proceso bien estudiado ya que permite la producción de gases combustibles con propiedades que dependen del agente gasificante utilizado. Objetivo: realizar un análisis exergético a la generación de vapor mediante la gasificación de residuos agroindustriales del maíz. Metodología: Primeramente, se realizó una caracterización de la biomasa para determinar sus propiedades. Luego se realizó un modelo computacional en Aspen Plus® del proceso de gasificación de biomasa. El modelo se realizó en estado estacionario y se tuvo en cuenta que todos los gases se comporten de manera ideal. Resultados: el modelo desarrollado estima un syngas con poder calorífico inferior (LHV) de 6.18 MJ/Nm3, el cual posteriormente se inyectó a una caldera para la generación de vapor del sistema. Luego de esto se realizó un análisis exergético con los datos arrojados en la simulación, que arrojó como resultado que 14.37 kW son los utilizados en la generación de vapor, así mismo se determinó que la eficiencia exergética del sistema es de un 35%. Conclusiones: Se pudieron obtener datos teóricos de un sistema de gasificación acoplado a una caldera que permite generar vapor para su uso en diversas aplicaciones. Así mismo, se observa que gran parte de la energía que se produce no es utilizada, debido a perdidas e irreversibilidades del sistema.

Memoria del Proyecto de innovación docente: «Visionado y análisis de actuaciones judiciales en clase: La elaboración de un dosier digital de videos, escritos procesales, resoluciones judiciales y una metodología docente para su visionado y análisis (Convocatoria 2023-2024, proyecto núm. 55).

Memoria final del Proyecto Innova Docencia 2023-23 nº 58. GEODIVULGAR: Geología y Sociedad

El presente proyecto de innovación docente tiene como objetivo la creación de un aula práctica para el acompañamiento de las explicaciones de cátedra mediante la publicación en acceso abierto y gratuito de los casos prácticos elaborados sobre resoluciones judiciales y administrativas a lo largo del curso académico.

La complejidad de la Arritmología y Electrofisiología cardíaca requiere que todos los profesionales vinculados a ella tengan una formación específica de alto nivel para desempeñar adecuadamente su función. Este proyecto fue diseñado para crear una titulación de Experto que tuviera como objetivo proporcionar una completa formación teórica y práctica sobre Arritmología, basada en la evidencia científica y en la reconocida experiencia clínica y capacidad docente de la Unidad de Arritmias del Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid, y que permitiera a los distintos profesionales no médicos involucrados activamente con este campo, como enfermería, técnicos de imagen, auxiliares clínicos, ingenieros, farmacéuticos, biólogos, etc. integrarse y desarrollarse con éxito en sus respectivos ámbitos laborales.

A medida que la tecnología 5G se expande globalmente, se han identificado desafíos relacionados con la seguridad de la información y la estabilidad de la red, especialmente en entornos donde la integridad de los datos es crítica. En respuesta a estos desafíos, la investigación propuesta se centra en explorar y mejorar las redes 6G para superar las limitaciones de las tecnologías 5G en términos de confiabilidad y seguridad. Este trabajo parte de la premisa de estimar el nivel de confianza de un servicio E2E de las futuras redes 6G, con el propósito de mejorar la confianza de la red. Para lograrlo, se emplea un enfoque de dos partes. La primera consiste en el estudio e implementación de un algoritmo con lógica difusa que genere un valor representativo del nivel de confianza. Este modelo de lógica difusa permite una evaluación más dinámica y adaptable de la confianza en la red, basado en métricas del servicio y condiciones en tiempo real. La segunda parte se centra en la investigación e implementación de contratos inteligentes en Ethereum, empleando estos como sistema de almacenamiento persistente y descentralizado para los resultados del algoritmo. La integración de la blockchain proporciona una solución robusta para la gestión de los resultados, aprovechando su capacidad de ofrecer trazabilidad completa y resistencia a manipulaciones. La implementación de este software de estimación de confianza se ha realizado mediante una gestión por tareas que simula tanto eventos críticos como evaluaciones periódicas de los servicios de la red. El algoritmo propuesto recopila las métricas del servicio 6G a través de las tareas y las evalúa para generar un nivel de confianza utilizando lógica difusa. El resultado de esta estimación se almacena tanto en un contrato inteligente como en una base de datos NoSQL. Los resultados del algoritmo indican una aproximación factible al nivel de confianza del servicio que podría suponer una mejora en la confiabilidad y seguridad de las comunica

The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the sources of heterogeneity in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) examining the effects of curcumin supplementation on liver aminotransferases in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases for RCTs and identified 15 studies (n = 835 subjects). We used random-effects models with DerSimonian-Laird methods to analyze the serum levels of ALT and AST enzymes. Our results indicate that curcumin did not affect serum ALT, but it did reduce AST levels. Notably, both outcomes showed high heterogeneity (p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that adding piperine to curcumin did not benefit aminotransferase levels in NAFLD patients. Additionally, we found a negative correlation between the duration of the intervention and the relative (mg/kg/day) curcumin dose with the reduction in liver aminotransferases. In summary, the sources of heterogeneity identified in our study are likely attributed to the duration of the intervention and the relative dose of curcumin. Consequently, longer trials utilizing high doses of curcumin could diminish the positive impact of curcumin in reducing serum levels of aminotransferases in patients with NAFLD.

Background This study aims to identify sports interventions for children and adolescents (CaA) with chronic diseases and evaluate their impact on physical, psychological, and social well‑being. The findings of this study will contribute to our understanding of the potential benefits of sports interventions for CaA with chronic diseases and inform future interventions to promote their overall health and well‑being. Methods A systematic review was conducted in eight databases. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and utilized a comprehensive search strategy to identify studies on sport‑based interventions for CaA with chronic diseases. The review included randomized controlled trials and observational studies that focused on physical and psychosocial outcomes. Results We screened 10,123 titles and abstracts, reviewed the full text of 622 records, and included 52 primary stud ies. A total of 2352 participants were assessed with an average of 45 ± 37 participants per study. Among the included studies involving CaA with chronic diseases with an age range from 3 to 18 years, 30% (n = 15) autism spectrum dis orders, 21% (n = 11) cerebral palsy, 19% (n = 10) were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and 17% (n = 9) obesity. Other diseases included were cancer (n = 5), asthma (n = 1) and cystic fibrosis (n = 1). Interventions involved various sports and physical activities tailored to each chronic disease. The duration and frequency of interventions varied across studies. Most studies assessed physical outcomes, including motor performance and physical fitness measures. Psychosocial outcomes were also evaluated, focusing on behavioural problems, social competencies, and health related quality of life. Conclusion Overall, sport‑based interventions effectively improved physical and psychosocial outcomes in CaA with chronic diseases. Interventions are generally safe, and participants adhere to the prescribed protocols favorably. Despite that, there is little e

Project management techniques have emerged as useful tools to contribute to the achievement of objectives. In this management context, the Agile methodology is usually used in projects with an adaptive life cycle, in which there are uncertainties in the requirements, the expected results, and the risks that the project will face, but also when change is a constant. The application of Agile typically occurs in combination with other traditional management techniques and adapts to the circumstances of each context. This work proposes an adaptation of the Agile Scrum methodology to the particularities of a university subject where the work proposed to students consists of designing a building and writing its building project. In this subject, students work on the project in small groups; this makes it necessary to adapt the characteristics of the workgroups proposed by Scrum. It also involves an adaptation of team roles and Scrum events, such as the format of daily and recurring meetings. The results of this research show that applying this framework in this type of teaching provides students with resources to work in a decisive, disciplined, and creative way, thus contributing to completing the project, accelerating the fulfilment of the objectives set and enhancing behavioural competencies.

The study focuses on the implementation of effective educational strategies to foster technical skills within the STEM Methodology, targeting first-year high school students at the Julio Jaramillo Educational Unit. Its main objective is to design a proposal that incorporates these educational strategies, while specific objectives include identifying the most effective strategies for teaching technical skills in STEM, developing strategies that integrate these skills, and presenting the proposal to teachers and students to evaluate its impact in the educational context. The study is based on the positivist paradigm, which influences the formulation of questions and the structure of the research problem, emphasizing empirical observation and objectivity. A combined approach of qualitative and quantitative methods is used, employing descriptive and exploratory methodologies. Research methods include fieldwork and documentary review, using tools such as surveys for teachers, guided techniques for discussions with students, and pre-tests to evaluate the proposal. This article proposes a methodology for developing technical skills within the framework of the STEM Methodology, based on effective educational strategies, with the aim of better preparing students for the current job market and promoting essential competencies such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity., El estudio se centra en la aplicación de estrategias educativas eficaces para cultivar habilidades técnicas dentro de la Metodología STEM, dirigidas a estudiantes de primer año de bachillerato en la Unidad Educativa Julio Jaramillo. Su objetivo principal es diseñar una propuesta que incorpore estas estrategias educativas, mientras que los objetivos específicos incluyen la identificación de las estrategias más efectivas para enseñar habilidades técnicas en STEM, el desarrollo de estrategias que integren estas habilidades y la presentación de la propuesta a docentes y alumnos para evaluar su impacto en el ámbito educativo. El estudio se basa en el paradigma positivista, que influye en la formulación de preguntas y en la estructura del problema de investigación, enfatizando la observación empírica y la objetividad. Se utiliza un enfoque combinado de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos, empleando metodologías descriptivas y exploratorias. Los métodos de investigación incluyen trabajo de campo y revisión documental, utilizando herramientas como encuestas para docentes, técnicas guiadas para discusiones con estudiantes y pre-tests para evaluar la propuesta. Este artículo propone una metodología para desarrollar habilidades técnicas en el marco de la Metodología STEM, basada en estrategias educativas efectivas, con el fin de preparar mejor a los estudiantes para el mundo laboral actual y promover competencias esenciales como el pensamiento crítico, la resolución de problemas y la creatividad.

Freshwater macroinvertebrates are a diverse group and play key ecological roles, including accelerating nutrient cycling, filtering water, controlling primary producers, and providing food for predators. Their differences in tolerances and short generation times manifest in rapid community responses to change. Macroinvertebrate community composition is an indicator of water quality. In Europe, efforts to improve water quality following environmental legislation, primarily starting in the 1980s, may have driven a recovery of macroinvertebrate communities. Towards understanding temporal and spatial variation of these organisms, we compiled the TREAM dataset (Time seRies of European freshwAter Macroinvertebrates), consisting of macroinvertebrate community time series from 1,816 river and stream sites (mean length of 19.2 years and 14.9 sampling years) of 22 European countries sampled between 1968 and 2020. In total, the data include >93 million sampled individuals of 2,648 taxa from 959 genera and 212 families. These data can be used to test questions ranging from identifying drivers of the population dynamics of specific taxa to assessing the success of legislative and management restoration efforts.

Multi-adjoint normal logic programming is a general non-monotonic logic programming framework, which makes it ideal for modeling complex scenarios. Hypergraph representation has been proved to be an appropriate tool in the study of different properties of a logic program, whereas the use of a stratification has provided interesting results related to the existence and unicity of stable models. In this paper, we will see the relation between the p-condensation graph of a program and its “optimal” stratification.

Although the extensive use of sports supplements (SSs) is prevalent among cyclists, this area has been poorly explored; in fact, no studies have been conducted on this topic regarding women cyclists to date. This descriptive, cross-sectional study, which included 316 federated female road cyclists, aimed to analyze SS consumption patterns in relation to scientific evidence and various categories. SSs were categorized according to the groups and subgroups established by the Aus tralian Sport Institute (AIS, 2023) based on the level of evidence supporting their use. The analysis found that 85.1% of the female road cyclists surveyed used SSs, with an average consumption of 7 ± 6 supplements per individual. Pharmacies (60.8%), dietitian-nutritionists (58.9%), and health status (60.1%) were the primary purchase location, source of information, and reason for use, respec tively. The most frequently consumed supplements were sports bars (77.5%), sports gels (61.4%), and caffeine (49.1%). Significantly, 80% of the ten most commonly used supplements were from the group with the highest evidence level, as classified by the AIS, with an average intake of 5 ± 3 supplements per cyclist. In summary, the use of SSs is prevalent among female road cyclists, with reliable sources for both purchasing and obtaining advice on supplements

This study proposes IRIS a hardware secure boot solution, that is suitable for integrating IoT devices. IRIS can boot a Linux kernel image pre-stored in removable media and comprises a data verifier securing the authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality of the boot process. IRIS is fully developed as a hardware module and the results reveal short boot-up times and a small hardware footprint when implemented on FPGA chips. In addition, IRIS is an open-source generic solution that can be adapted to multiple architectures and includes a crypto-core called E-LUKS that can be used outside the boot-loading process to add confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity to data stored on off-chip storage like a flash device. IRIS shows a reduction in lookup tables footprint when compared to other IoT boot solutions consuming from 2 times to 8 times less resources and only slightly greater, around 30%, with solutions that only cover authentication and integrity.

En este artículo se presenta una iniciativa de formación denominada “Guardianes de la Galaxia”, orientada a concienciar y formar a los participantes en la identificación, detección y prevención de ciberataques de tipo ransomware. Es una iniciativa que, en principio, se ha orientado hacia una audiencia profesional, es decir, personal trabajador de cualquier ámbito de la empresa, pero es aplicable a cualquier tipo de audiencia. Se han definido dos cursos, uno orientado al público en general y un segundo orientado a equipos de intervención frente a incidentes de ciberseguridad. Estos cursos se llevan realizando desde 2022, con más de 7500 personas matriculadas, y en el artículo también se presentan una serie de resultados de las ediciones realizadas hasta el momento.

Background and Objective: The diagnosis of infection, especially in the context of septic shock, has traditionally relied on leukocyte counts and protein biomarkers. Despite advancements, mortality rates persistently range from 20% to 50%, increasing in the long term. The sepsis definition excludes leukocyte counts, and short-term mortality has been associated with lymphopenia. However, the existence of immunosuppression and increased long-term sepsis-related mortality remains unproven. This study aims to establish a correlation between the onset of lymphopenia and its non-recovery during septic shock with 2-year mortality. Patients and Methods: A cohort of 332 elderly patients diagnosed with septic shock underwent examination. Mortality at 28 days and 2 years was analyzed based on leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, as well as the ability to recover from lymphopenia (LRec). Results: Lymphopenia was observed in 74.1% of patients, persisting in 66.3% during ICU stay. Mortality rates were 31.0% and 50.3% at 28 days and 2 years, respectively. A leukocyte count < 12,000 µL-1 predicted early mortality (OR 2.96), while delayed LRec predicted late mortality (OR 3.98). Long-term mortality was associated with LRec (HR 1.69). Conclusions: In elderly patients with septic shock, the absence of leukocytosis and neutrophilia is linked to 28-day mortality, and LRec is associated with 2-year mortality, suggesting two distinct phenotypes of post-septic shock behavior., Antecedentes y objetivo El diagnóstico de infección, para el diagnóstico de shock séptico, se ha venido basando en el recuento leucocitario y biomarcadores proteicos. Su mortalidad es persistentemente alta (20 – 50%), subiendo a largo plazo. La definición de sepsis no incluye el recuento de leucocitos. La linfopenia se ha relacionado con su mortalidad a corto plazo. No está demostrada la inmunosupresión y aumento de mortalidad por sepsis a largo plazo. El objetivo es relacionar la aparición de linfopenia y la ausencia de su recuperación durante el shock séptico con la mortalidad a los 2 años. Pacientes y métodos Cohorte de 332 pacientes ancianos con diagnóstico de shock séptico. Se analiza la mortalidad a 28 días y 2 años en función del recuento de leucocitos, neutrófilos, linfocitos y la capacidad de recuperación de la linfopenia (LRec). Resultados El 74,1% de los pacientes mostraron linfopenia, no mejoró durante la estancia en UCI en el 66,3%. La mortalidad fue del 31,0% y 50,3% a los 28 días y 2 años respectivamente. El recuento de leucocitos < 12.000 µL-1 fue predictor de mortalidad precoz (OR 2,96) y LRec de la tardía (OR 3,98). La mortalidad a largo plazo se asoció con LRec (HR 1,69). Conclusiones En pacientes ancianos con shock séptico, la ausencia de leucocitosis y neutrofilia se asocia con la mortalidad a los 28 días y la LRec con la mortalidad a los 2 años, pudiendo representar 2 fenotipos distintos de comportamiento tras el shock séptico., Escuela de Doctorado, Doctorado en Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud

Introduction: Cancer-related chronic pain is an important sequelae that damages the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. Pain neuroscience education and graded exposure to movement are therapeutic tools that have been shown to be effective in the management of chronic pain in other populations. However, there are no previous studies that combine them after breast cancer. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an online physiotherapy focusedperson program which combines pain neuroscience education and graded exposure to movement for quality of life improvement in breast cancer survivors. Methodology: This protocol is a randomized controlled trial with a sample size of 40 breast cancer survivors with pain in the last 6 months. Participants will be allocated to the experimental or control group using a fixed size block randomization method. The evaluator and statistician will be blinded to participant allocation. Participants in the experimental group will receive a 12- week intervention based on pain neuroscience education and therapeutic yoga as a graded exposure to movement exercise; participants in the control group will continue with their usual cancer-related symptoms care. Both groups will receive an education booklet. The main outcome will be quality of life, measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Breast (FACT–B+4); secondary, four outcomes related to pain experience (catastrophising, self-efficacy, kinesiophobia and fear-avoidance behaviors) will be also assessed. All variables will be assessed by two blinded evaluators at four timepoints. A mixed-model analyses of variance ANOVA (2 × 4) will be used to study the effects of the treatment on the dependent variables. All statistical tests will be performed considering a confidence interval of 95%. SPSS program will be used for the data analysis. Discussion: This research is expected to contribute to breast cancer rehabilitation field. The proposed intervention is also expected t

178 p., Los factores de transcripción Kru¿ppel-like factor (KLF) regulan procesos de organogénesis, diferenciación y homeostasis celular, a través de su interacción con importantes vías de señalización. En algunos tipos de cáncer, la expresión y/o actividad de ciertos KLFs se encuentran alteradas, favoreciendo la progresión tumoral. En este estudio se investigó el papel de en el desarrollo y progresión del colangiocarcinoma (CCA), así como su potencial valor diagnóstico, pronóstico y como diana terapéutica. Para ello, se analizó la expresión de KLF15 en tejido de pacientes con CCA e hígado sano adyacente al tumor, así como en líneas celulares humanas de CCA en comparación a colangiocitos humanos normales (NHC), observando que el descenso en la expresión de KLF15 parece ser un evento general en CCA. Por otro lado, analizamos el perfil de metilación del gen KLF15 en tejido de pacientes de CCA, verificándose hipermetilación en regiones promotoras del gen que se correlaciona inversamente con la expresión de KLF15 e incubamos líneas celulares humanas de CCA con un agente hipometilante, recuperando parcialmente la expresión del factor de transcripción. Simultáneamente, generamos mediante transducción lentiviral líneas celulares de CCA con sobrexpresión de KLF15, que presentaron una menor capacidad proliferativa y agresividad in vitro y un crecimiento más lento en tumores subcutáneos in vivo. Además, realizamos un análisis proteómico para identificar aquellas proteínas diferencialmente expresadas en las líneas celulares de CCA con sobrexpresión de KLF15. En conclusión, el factor de transcripción KLF15 actúa como supresor tumoral en CCA, presentándose como un posible biomarcador diagnóstico y pronóstico, así como una importante diana terapéutica.

Las carteras digitales de identidad se encuentran en el foco de muchos investigadores en los últimos años debido a la aparición de paradigmas descentralizados como la identidad auto soberana, la existencia de iniciativas europeas relevantes como la Infraestructura Europea de Servicios Blockchain (EBSI) o la Cartera Digital Europea de Identidad (EUDIW), y la llegada del reglamento eIDAS 2. Uno de los puntos claves que habilitan estas nuevas soluciones de identidad es la divulgación mínima de información entre carteras, pero por el momento, existen muchos enfoques para conseguirlo, y falta una solución unificada que pueda utilizarse en diversos casos de uso. Debido a esto, en este artículo se propone la integración de un sistema de pruebas de conocimiento cero en los flujos típicos de las carteras digitales alineadas con EBSI y EUDIW, añadiendo la posibilidad de divulgar únicamente la prueba sobre la posesión sobre un atributo de identidad individual de una credencial sin necesidad de revelar el propio atributo ni ninguna otra información contenida en la credencial, mejorando la privacidad de los datos personales del usuario.

[Background] Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and its fatty acid (FA) composition are typically controlled by several genes, each with a small effect. In the current study, to pinpoint candidate genes and putative regulators involved in FA composition, we performed a multivariate integrative analysis between intramuscular FA and transcriptome profiles of porcine longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. We also carried out a combination of network, regulatory impact factor (RIF), in silico prediction of putative target genes, and functional analyses to better support the biological relevance of our findings., [Results] For this purpose, we used LD RNA-Seq and intramuscular FA composition profiles of 129 Iberian × Duroc backcrossed pigs. We identified 378 correlated variables (13 FA and 365 genes), including six FA (C20:4n-6, C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C18:1n-9, C18:0, and C16:1n-7) that were among the most interconnected variables in the predicted network. The detected FA-correlated genes include genes involved in lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism or in regulation of IMF deposition (e.g., ADIPOQ, CHUK, CYCS, CYP4B1, DLD, ELOVL6, FBP1, G0S2, GCLC, HMGCR, IDH3A, LEP, LGALS12, LPIN1, PLIN1, PNPLA8, PPP1R1B, SDR16C5, SFRP5, SOD3, SNW1, and TFRC), meat quality (GALNT15, GOT1, MDH1, NEU3, PDHA1, SDHD, and UNC93A), and transport (e.g., EXOC7 and SLC44A2). Functional analysis highlighted 54 over-represented gene ontology terms, including well-known biological processes and pathways that regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. RIF analysis suggested a pivotal role for six transcription factors (CARHSP1, LBX1, MAFA, PAX7, SIX5, and TADA2A) as putative regulators of gene expression and intramuscular FA composition. Based on in silico prediction, we identified putative target genes for these six regulators. Among these, TADA2A and CARHSP1 had extreme RIF scores and present novel regulators in pigs. In addition, the expression of TADA2A correlated (either positively or negatively) with C20:4n-6, C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C18:1n-9, and that of CARHSP1 correlated (positively) with the C16:1n-7 lipokine. We also found that these two transcription factors share target genes that are involved in lipid metabolism (e.g., GOT1, PLIN1, and TFRC)., [Conclusions] This integrative analysis of muscle transcriptome and intramuscular FA profile revealed valuable information about key candidate genes and potential regulators for FA and lipid metabolism in pigs, among which some transcription factors are proposed to control gene expression and modulate FA composition differences.

The aim of this study is to establish linear measurements of local goat kids at birth and their factors of variation, as well as their possible correlations with birth weight. Additionally, the study analyses statistical models and barymetric functions to predict birth weight of kids based on their morphometric data. The database includes data on 128 goat kids born to 89 goats and 9 bucks in the experimental goat herd at the El GORDHAB station of IRA. Average BW, withers height (L1), heart girth (L2), rump height (L3), and body length (L4) of all kids were 2.45kg, 32.66cm,30.56cm, 33.41cm, and 31.21cm respectively. Results show that in general, local goat kids are small in size and weight at birth, which varies depending on sex, dam age, and type of birth. Highest and positive correlation coefficient value between birth weight and heart girth were observed (r = 0.95). The coefficient of determination (R2) for heart girth (0.78) was higher than other body measurements in single trait evaluation indicating it as the best trait for the predication of birth weight. The most appropriate combination of body measurements (R2 = 0.82) was observed between height at withers and heart girth for predication of birth weight estimation. Developing a system for recording birth weight based on easily obtainable body measurements could be a useful approach for rural areas. Result join the study objective by conceiving feasible genetic improvement plans for agropastoral herds by establishing individual phenotypes estimation even when the classical animal management does not already allowed.

Forest protection and afforestation have been identified as a means to partially offset anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Yet, increasingly frequent observations of drought-induced tree mortality are reported. Here, we applied a risk analysis framework for global drought-induced forest mortality by examining extreme reductions in greenness and water content of forest canopies during past mortality events as well as growth recovery of surviving individual trees following stand-scale mortality events. We defined a drought-induced mortality risk index (DMR) that explains 80% of documented tree mortality. Rising CO2 alleviated the increase of DMR with short-term drought, however, the observed DMR increases with long-term drought no matter whether considering plant responses to CO2. DMR in sites where tree mortality has been observed significantly increased since the 1980s. More than that, drought exposure threatened 0.28 billion hectares of forested areas. Our framework highlights how climate change-induced drought, especially hotter-droughts, threatens the sustainability of global forests.

The central Betic Cordillera, southern Spain, is affected by an uplift related to the NNW–SSE Eurasia-Nubia convergence and shallow ENE–WSW orthogonal extension accommodated by the extensional system of the Granada Basin. The combination of geophysical, geodetic, and geological data reveals that the southwestern boundary of this extensional system is a seismically active compressional front extending from the W to the SW of the Granada Basin. The near-field Global Navigation Satellite System data determine NNE–SSW shortening of up to 2 mm/yr of the compressional front in the Zafarraya Polje. In this setting, the normal Ventas de Zafarraya Fault developed as a result of the bending-moment extension of the Sierra de Alhama antiform and was last reactivated during the 1884 Andalusian earthquake (Mw 6.5). The uplift in the central Betic Cordillera together with the subsidence in the Western Alborán Basin may facilitate a westward to southwestward gravitational collapse through the extensional detachment of the Granada Basin. The heterogeneous crust of the Betic Cordillera would generate the compressional front, which is divided into two sectors: thrusting to the west, and folding associated with buttressing to the south. Our results evidence that basal detachments, linking extensional fault activity with compressional fronts, may determine the activity of local surface structures and the geological hazard in densely populated regions.

A warmer climate will increase aridity and threaten forest persistence in xeric areas. This is the case of some Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica) forests showing recent growth decline, dieback and high mortality rates in North Africa. A lower resistance to drought, manifested as stronger growth loss, could increase the drought-related mortality risk in these forests as has been found for gymnosperms worldwide. It could be also expected that changes in dryness are linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). We tested these hypotheses by analyzing growth resilience indices (resilience, recovery, resistance) derived from tree-ring data. We sampled nine Atlas cedar plots located in north-western Algeria, where climate shifted towards drier conditions in the 1980s. In these forests, drier winters, associated to positive NAO phases, constrained tree growth and resistance, two outputs of the drought impact. During dry years, the resilience index decreased as elevation increased. The association between cedar growth resistance and drought severity is strengthening: the drier the climate conditions, the lower the growth resistance. Resistance also showed a significant higher temporal variability in 8 out of 9 plots as drought intensified. These findings have allowed identifying the increase in the temporal variability of growth resistance as a new early-warning signal of drought stress.

1. XPS analysis.-- 2. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.-- 3. Peak Current Analysis.-- 4. Cyclic Voltammetry in Acid Solution.-- 5. Randles-Sevčik Analysis.-- 6. Cell Voltage vs. Time Plots

An increasing number of studies focus on organic flow batteries (OFBs) as possible substitutes for the vanadium flow battery (VFB), featuring anthraquinone derivatives, such as anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (2,7-AQDS). VFBs have been postulated as a promising energy storage technology. However, the fluctuating cost of vanadium minerals and risky supply chains have hampered their implementation, while OFBs could be prepared from renewable raw materials. A critical component of flow batteries is the electrode material, which can determine the power density and energy efficiency. Yet, and in contrast to VFBs, studies on electrodes tailored for OFBs are scarce. Hence, in this work, we propose the modification of commercial carbon felts with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and poly(ethylene glycol) for the 2,7-AQDS redox couple and to preliminarily assess its effects on the efficiency of a 2,7-AQDS/ferrocyanide flow battery. Results are compared to those of a VFB to evaluate if the benefits of the modification are transferable to OFBs. The modification of carbon felts with surface oxygen groups introduced by the presence of rGO enhanced both its hydrophilicity and surface area, favoring the catalytic activity toward VFB and OFB reactions. The results are promising, given the improved behavior of the modified electrodes. Parallels are established between the electrodes of both FB technologies.

Germplasm is required to meet the needs of national and international forest restoration programs. Delimitation of germplasm movement zones is an effective tool to address problems of maladaptation of these materials but, in Mexico, the current delimitation of seed movement zones defines very heterogeneous areas while the availability of reliable information of the current distribution of species remains insufficient. This study expands and updates the information regarding the potential distribution of eight forest species: Brosimum alicastrum, Bursera simaruba, Cedrela odorata, Cordia alliodora, Cordia dodecandra, Ochroma pyramidale, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tabebuia rosea, and redefines the germplasm movement zones in seven states of southeastern Mexico, evaluating future changes in the climatic conditions for the time horizons of 2030 and 2060 by combining species distribution modeling techniques and delimitation of germplasm movement zones. Four of the eight predictive variables used in the model construction were determinant in the distribution of all eight species. The germplasm movement zones presented in the Mexican norms and those obtained in the present study differ. The zones of the existing standard are larger and each covers several of the climatic zones proposed in this study, producing seed movement in areas with greater climatic differences. The results suggest a tendency towards an increase in the Refheldt’s aridity index of 2.6 by the year 2060 and of 1.8 °C in the mean temperature of the coldest month, as well as a contraction in the potential distributions of seven of the eight species analyzed over the period 2021–2040.

This study provides an understanding of dairy farmers' willingness to include heat tolerance in breeding goals and the modulating effect of sociopsychological factors and farm profile. A survey instrument including a choice experiment was designed to specifically address the trade-off between heat tolerance and milk production level. A total of 122 farmers across cattle, goat, and sheep farms were surveyed face-to-face. The results of the experiment show that most farmers perceive that heat stress and climate change are increasingly important problems, and that farming communities should invest more in generating knowledge and resources on mitigation strategies. However, we found limited initial support for selection for heat tolerance. This attitude changed when farmers were presented with objective information on the benefits and limitations of the different breeding choices, after which most farmers supported selection for heat tolerance, but only if doing so would compromise milk production gains to a small extent. Our results show that farmers' selection choices are driven by the interactions between heat stress risk perception, attitudes toward breeding tools, social trust, the species reared, and farm production level. In general, farmers willing to support selection of heat-tolerant animals are those with positive attitudes toward genetic values and genomic information and a strong perception of climate change and heat stress impacts on farms. On the contrary, negative support for selection for heat tolerance is found among farmers with high milk production levels; high trust in farming magazines, livestock farmers' associations, and veterinarians; and low trust in environmental and animalist groups.

Gd complexes have been studied as magnetic coolants due to their large magneto-caloric effect. In this work we present a Gd 2D metal-organic framework (MOF) of formula [Gd(MeCOO)(PhCOO)2] (1). We characterize the magnetic properties of 1, showing that it displays slow relaxation of the magnetization by ac susceptibility, and single-ion magnetic anisotropy using high-field EPR. By heat capacity and magnetization vs. field at various temperatures we determine the magnetic entropy change of compound 1. We then grow 1 on functionalized silicon, and show that the surface-deposited 2D MOF 1Si can be used as an on-surface magnetic cryogenic coolant.

Las investigaciones y teorías en el ámbito de la cognición vegetal muestran a las plantas como organismos complejos y con agencia propia. Ante esto, se vuelve necesario reevaluar la historia y el presente de las comunidades humanas teniendo en consideración el papel activo que los distintos organismos vegetales han desempeñado., El presente artículo explora las posibilidades de una ecología política vegetal y analiza la relación histórica entre la ecología política y el mundo vegetal, para sentar las bases de una teoría socionatural que pueda dar cuenta de la agencia de los organismos vegetales. Se estudian los diversos tipos de entrecruzamientos humanos-vegetales, particularmente su estado actual y la influencia que pudieran tener en la presente crisis ecosocial, para llegar al concepto de Plantacionoceno. Por último, ahondamos en las alternativas a los escenarios desfavorables derivados de esta crisis, tanto en el plano ontológico como ético-político.

Hydraulic stimulation of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) aims at boosting permeability to facilitate fluid circulation, while keeping a low induced seismicity. However, some stimulations have led to poor permeability enhancement or too high induced earthquakes, which suggests that further understanding is needed on poromechanical processes during stimulation. Here, we model a highly-monitored test performed at the Bedretto Underground Laboratory to investigate the impact of fluid injection on permeability enhancement and induced microseismicity. We examine three models: (1) a homogeneous fracture whose transmissivity is manually calibrated to reproduce the observed pressure evolution at the injection borehole (this model fails to capture the spatial distribution of pressure and the corresponding poromechanical processes); (2) an elastic fracture approach, where transmissivity changes locally as a function of fracture aperture following the cubic law (this model overestimates pressure after the onset of fracture slip); and (3) a viscoplastic fracture approach with strain weakening and dilatancy that yields an additional permeability enhancement after shear reactivation. The viscoplastic model captures the spatio-temporal coupled response of the fractured rock to hydraulic stimulation before and after shearing both in terms of pressure and microseismicity. Subsequently to the onset of shear failure, microseismic events occur in every injection cycle as the reactivation front advances when plastic strain and, thus, permeability surpass the previously achieved maximum value. This viscoplastic model permits estimating the extent of the stimulated fracture, the permeability enhancement and its impact on the local state of stress and pore pressure at surrounding fractures, representing a useful tool for the design of effective hydraulic stimulation.

Phase change refers to the process of maturation and transition from the juvenile to the adult stage. In response to this shift, certain species like chestnut lose the ability to form adventitious roots, thereby hindering the successful micropropagation of adult plants. While auxin is the main hormone involved in adventitious root formation, other hormones, such as ethylene, are also thought to play a role in its induction and development. In this study, experiments were carried out to determine the effects of ethylene on the induction and growth of adventitious roots. The analysis was performed in two types of chestnut microshoots derived from the same tree, a juvenile-like line with a high rooting ability derived from basal shoots (P2BS) and a line derived from crown branches (P2CR) with low rooting responses. By means of the application of compounds to modify ethylene content or inhibit its signalling, the potential involvement of this hormone in the induction of adventitious roots was analysed. Our results show that ethylene can modify the rooting competence of mature shoots, while the response in juvenile material was barely affected. To further characterise the molecular reasons underlying this maturation-derived shift in behaviour, specific gene expression analyses were developed. The findings suggest that several mechanisms, including ethylene signalling, auxin transport and epigenetic modifications, relate to the modulation of the rooting ability of mature chestnut microshoots and their recalcitrant behaviour.