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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of set structures in designing bodyweight power training (BWPT). Specifically, we compared the effects of the cluster set structure undulating variant (CSSUV) and the traditional set structure (TSS) on training load and performance during vertical jumping sessions. Sixteen active males participated in this study. We designed four training sessions that consisted of 144 countermovement jumps distributed into 12 sets, where the number of repetitions varied for the CSSUV sessions, whereas for TSS sessions the number of repetitions was fixed. In addition, both of the applied set structures included sessions with short (60 seconds) and long rest periods (120 seconds), while training volume was separately analysed for the first six sets (small volume) and the last six sets (large volume). External load, internal load, and performance variables were calculated. The results suggest that CSSUV allows superior utilization of applied external load, reduction of internal load and overall higher performances that are maintained during entire training session compared to TSS (p<.05). The present study provides important findings about advantages of CSSUV over TSS in terms of external load, internal load, and performances during vertical jumping sessions, and therefore, it might be more suitable approach to designing BWPT.

This study investigated the hierarchical structure of physical characteristics in elite young (i.e., U17-U19) basketball players according to playing positions. In addition, their predictive value of physical characteristics was determined for the evaluation of players' physical preparedness. Sixty elite male basketball players performed 13 standardized specific field tests in order to assess the explosive power of lower limbs, speed, and change-of-direction speed. They were divided into three groups according to playing positions (guard [n = 28], forward [n = 22], center [n = 10]). The basic characteristics of the tested sample were: age = 17.36 ± 1.04 years, body height = 192.80 ± 4.49 cm, body mass = 79.83 ± 6.94 kg, and basketball experience = 9.38 ± 2.10 years for guards; age = 18.00 ± 1.00 years, body height = 201.48 ± 3.14 cm, body mass = 90.93 ± 9.85 kg, and basketball experience = 9.93 ± 2.28 years for forwards; and age = 17.60 ± 1.43 years; body height = 207.20 ± 3.29 cm, body mass = 104.00 ± 9.64 kg, and basketball experience = 9.20 ± 1.62 years for centers. For all playing positions factor analysis extracted three factors, which cumulatively explained 76.87, 88.12 and 87.63% of variance, respectively. The assessed performance measures were defined as significant (p < 0.001), with regression models of physical performance index (PPINDEX). PPINDEX of guards = -6.860 + (0.932 × t-test) - (1.656 × Acceleration 15 m) - (0.020 × Countermovement jump); PPINDEX of forwards = -3.436 - (0.046 × Countermovement jump with arm swing) - (1.295 × Acceleration 15 m) + (0.582 × Control of dribbling); PPINDEX of centers = -4.126 + (0.604 × Control of dribbling) - (1.315 × Acceleration 15 m) - (0.037 × Sargent jump). A model for the evaluation of physical performance of young basketball players has been defined. In addition, this model could be used as a reference model for selection procedures, as well as to monitor the efficacy of applied training programmes within the s

This study investigated the hierarchical structure of physical characteristics in elite young (i.e., U17-U19) basketball players according to playing positions. In addition, their predictive value of physical characteristics was determined for the evaluation of players' physical preparedness. Sixty elite male basketball players performed 13 standardized specific field tests in order to assess the explosive power of lower limbs, speed, and change-of-direction speed. They were divided into three groups according to playing positions (guard [n = 28], forward [n = 22], center [n = 10]). The basic characteristics of the tested sample were: age = 17.36 ± 1.04 years, body height = 192.80 ± 4.49 cm, body mass = 79.83 ± 6.94 kg, and basketball experience = 9.38 ± 2.10 years for guards; age = 18.00 ± 1.00 years, body height = 201.48 ± 3.14 cm, body mass = 90.93 ± 9.85 kg, and basketball experience = 9.93 ± 2.28 years for forwards; and age = 17.60 ± 1.43 years; body height = 207.20 ± 3.29 cm, body mass = 104.00 ± 9.64 kg, and basketball experience = 9.20 ± 1.62 years for centers. For all playing positions factor analysis extracted three factors, which cumulatively explained 76.87, 88.12 and 87.63% of variance, respectively. The assessed performance measures were defined as significant (p < 0.001), with regression models of physical performance index (PPINDEX). PPINDEX of guards = -6.860 + (0.932 × t-test) - (1.656 × Acceleration 15 m) - (0.020 × Countermovement jump); PPINDEX of forwards = -3.436 - (0.046 × Countermovement jump with arm swing) - (1.295 × Acceleration 15 m) + (0.582 × Control of dribbling); PPINDEX of centers = -4.126 + (0.604 × Control of dribbling) - (1.315 × Acceleration 15 m) - (0.037 × Sargent jump). A model for the evaluation of physical performance of young basketball players has been defined. In addition, this model could be used as a reference model for selection procedures, as well as to monitor the efficacy of applied training programmes within the s

Osnovni cilj ove disertacije bio je da se istraži kvantitativna povezanost prediktorskih varijabli - rezultata laboratorijskih i terenskih testova, kojima se procenjuju funkcionalne, metaboličke i motoričke sposobnosti sa kriterijskom varijablom - takmičarskom uspešnošću mladih košarkašica, kao i da se istraži uticaj prediktorskih varijabli na kriterijsku varijablu. Dok su sekundarni ciljevi bili sledeći: da se utvrdi da li su rezultati terenskih testova prediktori takmičarske uspešnosti; da se utvrdi da li su rezultati laboratorijskih testova prediktori takmičarske uspešnosti; da se sa aspekta međusobnog uticaja utvrdi prediktivna dominantnost rezultata terenskih testova u odnosu na rezultate laboratorijskih testova u opisu takmičarske uspešnosti; da se definiše hijerarhijski uticaj ispitivanih fizičkih sposobnosti u odnosu na takmičarsku uspešnost; kao i da se definiše model predikcije nivoa takmičarske uspešnosti aplikovanog u košarkaškoj praksi. U istraživanju su učestvovale košarkašice kadetske (U16) selekcije tri najbolja košarkaška kluba iz Prve kadetske lige Srbije (N=30), prosečne starosti 14.98 ± 0.68 godina. U odnosu na primenjene metode, u istraživanju je korišćeno laboratorijsko i terensko testiranje, kao prostor prediktivnih (nezavisnih) varijabli, i analiza takmičarske aktivnosti gde kriterijsku (zavisnu) varijablu predstavlja nivo postignute takmičarske uspešnosti. Korišćena je baterija laboratorijskih i terenskih testova kojima su merene i procenjivane: kontraktilne sposobnosti osnovnih mišićnih grupa (Fmax i RFDmax), karakteristike snage donjih ekstremiteta (Vingejt test i različiti skokovi), brzina lokomocije i agilnost (S5, S10, S20 i TT), aerobna i anaerobna izdržljivosti (JoJo i PS20), gipkost (DP), kao i funkcionalni i metabolički parametari karakteristika brzine oporavka (HR i La). Testirani prostor fizičkih sposobnosti je definisan pomoću 26 različitih prediktorskih varijabli..., The main objective of this dissertation was to explore the quantitative coherence of predictive variables – results of laboratory and field tests, that evaluate functional, metabolic and motor abilities with criterion variable – competitive success of young female basketball players, and also to explore influence of predictive variables on the criterion variable. Secondary goals were following: to determine whether the results of the laboratory tests are predictors of competitive success; to determine, from the aspect of conference, the predictive dominance of the results of the field tests in relation to the results of the laboratory tests in the description of the competitive success; to define hierarchical influence of the examined physical abilities in relation to the competitive success; and also to define the prediction model of level of competitive success that is applied in basketball practice. In the research were participate female basketball of cadet (U16) selection of three best basketball clubs from the first cadet league of Serbia (N=30), average age 14.98 ± 0.68. In relation to the applied methods, the research was used the laboratory and field testing, as the scope of predictive (independent) variables, and the analysis of competitive activity where the criterion (dependent) variable is presented by the level of achieved competitive success. It was used the battery of laboratory and field tests that were measured and evaluated: contractile abilities of basic muscle groups (Fmax and RFDmax), strength characteristics of the lower extremities (Wingate test and different kinds of jumps), speed of locomotion and agility (S5, S10, S20 and TT), aerobic and anaerobic endurance (JoJo and PS20), flexibility (DP), also as functional and metabolic parameters of characteristic of the speed of recovery (HR and La). Tested scope of physical abilities is defined by 26 different predictive variables...

Prema ranijim istraživanjima kinetičkih i kinematičkih karakteristika skokova uvis, ispitanici su u stanju da u nekoliko uzastopnih pokušaja ponove obrazac kretanja kojim se postiže maksimalna visina skoka uvis (Hmax). Zbog toga je mogući efekat visine centra mase tela u ekscentričnoj fazi (Hdub) na brojne varijable koje se dobijaju testiranjem maksimalnih skokova uvis sa počučnjem uglavnom zanemaren. Ciljevi istraživanja su da se ispita pouzdanost izvođenja skokova uvis iz Hdub koju ispitanici sami određuju (spontana Hdub), i da se ispita uticaj promene Hdub na kinetiku i kinematiku skokova uvis. Pretpostavljeno je da (1) postoji visoka pouzdanost kinematičkih i kinetičkih varijabli prilikom izvođenja skokova uvis sa počučnjem bez (CMJ) i sa zamahom rukama (CMJA). Dalje pretpostavljeno je da (2) postoji optimalna Hdub za postizanje Hmax, (3) da se ona razlikuje od spontana Hdub, (4) da se taj uticaj razlikuje između grupa ispitanika različite usmerenosti, i da (5) rast Hdub dovodi do smanjenja maksimalne sile i dinamičkog izlaza procenjenog na osnovu maksimalne snage. Dve grupe ispitanika, profesionalni košarkaši i fizički aktivni ispitanici izvodili su maksimalne CMJ i CMJA sa opsegom Hdub od ± 30 cm od spontana Hdub. Nezavisno od vrste skoka, postoji visoka pouzdanost kinematičkog obrasca , gledano kroz Hmax i spontana Hdub (CV < 3.61, ICC > 0.86 za Hmax; CV < 6.41, ICC > 0.83 za spontana Hdub). Iako primenjeni regresioni modeli otkrivaju postojanje optimalne Hdub, Hmax se zanemarljivo malo menja unutar širokog opsega testirane Hdub. Optimalna Hdub bila je pomerena naniže u odnosu na spontana Hdub. Mišićna sila i dinamički izlaz se smanjuju sa rastom Hdub. Dobijeni nalazi ukazuju da iako optimalna Hdub postoji, njen uticaja na Hmax je minimalan unutar „prirodnog“ opsega Hdub...

У овом истраживању на основу примарног циља дефинисане су моделне карактеристике различитих индикатора експлозивне силе опружача ногу врхунских спортиста оба пола. На основу секундарних циљева су утврђене разлике у факторској структури, функционалног и полног диморфизма, нивоа развијености и повезаности индикатора за процену експлозивности опружача ногу. У истраживању је учествовало 378 испитаникa распоређених у 8 група према полу и специфичности тренажног процеса којем су подвргнути: врхунски спортисти из групе брзинско-снажних спортова (мушкарци N=40 и жене N=34), врхунски спортисти из групе спортова с комплексним испољавањем свих моторичких својстава (мушкарци N=99 и жене N=43), врхунски спортисти из групе спортова издржљивости (мушкарци N=64 и жене N=33) и контролна група сачињена од нетренираних особа мушког и женског пола (мушкарци N=33 и жене N=32). Мерни опсег дефинисан је на основу 81 варијабле подељених у 6 димензија које се односе на контрактилне карактеристике изометријске силе опружача ногу и то: 1) ниво испољене силе мерене уни и билатерално, 2) интензитет прираста силе или експлозивности мерене уни и билатерално, 3) времена потребног за достизање дате силе мерене уни и билатерално, 4) нивоа билатералног дефицита, 5) нивоа функционалног диморфизма, 6) нивоа полног диморфизма; покривајући простор општих, специфичних и специјалних карактеристика мишићне силе и експлозивности опружача ногу. За процену максималне изометријске силе опружача ногу (билатерално и унилатерално) коришћена је стандардизована опрема, тј. справа металне конструкције за мерење изометријске силе опружача ногу, тензиометријска сонда и стандардизован тест у седећој позицији..., This research, based on its primary goal, defines model characteristics of the explosive force indicators of leg extensors in top level athletes, both males and females. Based on its secondary goals, the differences in factor structure, functional and sexual dimorphism, level of development and coherence of indicators that can evaluate leg extensors explosiveness were determined. The research included 378 examinees divided into 8 groups based on gender and training process distinctiveness they have been subjected to: top level athletes from the speed-strength sports (male N=40 and female N=34), top level athletes from the sports with complex exertion of all motoric properties (male N=99 and female N=43), top level athletes from the endurance sports (male N=64 and female N=33) and controls consisting of healthy untrained adults, both genders (male N=33 and female N=32). Measurement range was defined by 81 variables divided into 6 dimensions regarding the contractile characteristics of leg extensors isometric force: 1) level of exerted force, measured both uni- and bilateral, 2) rate of force development or the explosiveness, measured both uni- and bilateral, 3) the time necessary to reach the given force, measured both uni- and bilateral, 4) bilateral deficiency level, 5) functional dimorphism level, 6) sexual dimorphism level; covering the range of basic, specific and special indicators of muscle force and leg extensors explosiveness. To evaluate maximal isometric leg extensors force (unilateral and bilateral), standardized equipment was used, i.e. metal device for measuring leg extensors isometric force, a tensiometric probe and standardized “seating leg extension” test...

Background: Sport, as social phenomena, may achieve a very positive infl uence on health and the social state of people with disability who practice it. In sport activities of athletes with disability, team sports may take a very important place. Objective: The aims of this study were - a) to investigate personality characteristics of male professional basketball players and wheelchair basketball players, b) to compare these characteristics of two kinds of athletes. Methods: For the purposes of this study, professional basketball players (N = 29) and wheelchair basketball players (N = 25) had completed a Cattell 16PF questionnaire which estimated personality characteristics. Diff erences between two groups of participants were calculated by t-test for small samples. Results: Results demonstrated the existence of diff erences in the expression of certain forms of behaviour within certain dimensions of personality between these two groups. Wheelchair basketball players had higher scores at factor M - abstractedness (t = -1.889; p = 0.046), which means that they are more preoccupied by themselves and their inner mental life. Wheelchair basketball players had lower scores, on factors: C - emotional stability (t = 2.097; p = 0.041), E - dominance (t = 3.530; p = 0.001), F - liveliness (t = 2.658; p = 0.010) and N - privateness (t = 2.527; p = 0.015). Conclusions: Wheelchair basketball players are, compared with professional basketball players, more emotive; they have a lack of self-esteem, less ready for teamwork and collaboration; they are naive and unpretentious. Considering these results, coaches who are involved in work with wheelchair basketball players have to adjust their methods of trainings, especially those coaches who were working with basketball players without disability. Also, coaches' infl uence can stimulate eventual changes in some above mentioned characteristics of wheelchair basketball players in more desirable course.

Background: Sport, as social phenomena, may achieve a very positive infl uence on health and the social state of people with disability who practice it. In sport activities of athletes with disability, team sports may take a very important place. Objective: The aims of this study were - a) to investigate personality characteristics of male professional basketball players and wheelchair basketball players, b) to compare these characteristics of two kinds of athletes. Methods: For the purposes of this study, professional basketball players (N = 29) and wheelchair basketball players (N = 25) had completed a Cattell 16PF questionnaire which estimated personality characteristics. Diff erences between two groups of participants were calculated by t-test for small samples. Results: Results demonstrated the existence of diff erences in the expression of certain forms of behaviour within certain dimensions of personality between these two groups. Wheelchair basketball players had higher scores at factor M - abstractedness (t = -1.889; p = 0.046), which means that they are more preoccupied by themselves and their inner mental life. Wheelchair basketball players had lower scores, on factors: C - emotional stability (t = 2.097; p = 0.041), E - dominance (t = 3.530; p = 0.001), F - liveliness (t = 2.658; p = 0.010) and N - privateness (t = 2.527; p = 0.015). Conclusions: Wheelchair basketball players are, compared with professional basketball players, more emotive; they have a lack of self-esteem, less ready for teamwork and collaboration; they are naive and unpretentious. Considering these results, coaches who are involved in work with wheelchair basketball players have to adjust their methods of trainings, especially those coaches who were working with basketball players without disability. Also, coaches' infl uence can stimulate eventual changes in some above mentioned characteristics of wheelchair basketball players in more desirable course.