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A new species Polacanthoderes shiraseae sp. nov. from three Antarctic regions (off Cape Darnley, off Totten Glacier, and in Lützow-Holm Bay) is described. In addition, type species of Polacanthoderes, Polacanthoderes martinezi, is redescribed. The new species is distinguished from P. martinezi by the presence of conspicuously thick lateroventral acicular spines on segments 8 and 9 and the presence of sublateral small acicular spines on segment 7. Both P. martinezi and P. shiraseae sp. nov. occasionally show intraspecific morphological variations in the position of some small acicular spines. The K2P genetic distances based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene sequences in P. shiraseae sp. nov. are 0–1.5%, equivalent to those in other echinoderid species. Phylogenetic analyses of Polacanthoderes based on the nuclear 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA gene sequences support the inclusion of the genus in Echinorhagata/Echinoderidae and suggest that the genus represents the most basal group of this order/family.

A new species Polacanthoderes shiraseae sp. nov. from three Antarctic regions (off Cape Darnley, off Totten Glacier, and in Lützow-Holm Bay) is described. In addition, type species of Polacanthoderes, Polacanthoderes martinezi, is redescribed. The new species is distinguished from P. martinezi by the presence of conspicuously thick lateroventral acicular spines on segments 8 and 9 and the presence of sublateral small acicular spines on segment 7. Both P. martinezi and P. shiraseae sp. nov. occasionally show intraspecific morphological variations in the position of some small acicular spines. The K2P genetic distances based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene sequences in P. shiraseae sp. nov. are 0–1.5%, equivalent to those in other echinoderid species. Phylogenetic analyses of Polacanthoderes based on the nuclear 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA gene sequences support the inclusion of the genus in Echinorhagata/Echinoderidae and suggest that the genus represents the most basal group of this order/family.

type:Terrestrial biology, Ground (soil) temperature data recorded by temperature data recorders buried in 1 cm and 10 cm depths of the ground surface at the mid-range of Yukidori Zawa during the JARE JARE-51 and 53 (2010–2012) are summarized in a table. Almost 2-year data of the ground temperature at two discrete depths were compiled in a text file from each recorder at the 1-hr intervalinterval. Using the present data with air temperature and solar radiation data from neighborhood automatic weather station reported previously, we have shown timing and period of soil thawing graphically., source:https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2020112701

This article analyzes the group of Spanish Republic exiles that arrived in Santo Domingo after the end of the Spanish Civil War, their location in the island and the difficulties they faced in finding sufficiently stable jobs to be able to begin a new life. It also analyzes the help that these refugees received from the organizations created by Spanish exiles, first from the Spanish Republican Evacuation Service (SERE) which paid for their transport from Europe and immediately afterwards, by the Board of Assistance for Spanish Republicans (JARE), which, from the mid 1940s onwards, assisted them with their stay on the island and helped them find more suitable destinations., Resumen El presente artículo analiza, por un lado, el volumen de las exiliados republicanos españoles que llegaron a Santo Domingo desde el fin de la guerra civil española, su ubicación en la isla y las dificultades a las que tuvieron que hacer frente para encontrar una ocupación, lo suficientemente estable, que les permitiera reemprender una nueva vida. Por otro, se analiza la ayuda que estos refugiados recibieron par parte de las organizaciones constituidas par los españoles exiliados. En primer lugar, por el Servicio de Evacuación de los Republicanos Españoles (SERE), que costeó el transporte desde Europa, y, seguidamente, por la Junta de Auxilio a los Republicanos Españoles (JARE), que, desde mediados de 1940, les ayudó en su estancia en la isla y colaboró en su salida hacia otro destine mejor.

This article analyzes the group of Spanish Republic exiles that arrived in Santo Domingo after the end of the Spanish Civil War, their location in the island and the difficulties they faced in finding sufficiently stable jobs to be able to begin a new life. It also analyzes the help that these refugees received from the organizations created by Spanish exiles, first from the Spanish Republican Evacuation Service (SERE) which paid for their transport from Europe and immediately afterwards, by the Board of Assistance for Spanish Republicans (JARE), which, from the mid 1940s onwards, assisted them with their stay on the island and helped them find more suitable destinations., Resumen El presente artículo analiza, por un lado, el volumen de las exiliados republicanos españoles que llegaron a Santo Domingo desde el fin de la guerra civil española, su ubicación en la isla y las dificultades a las que tuvieron que hacer frente para encontrar una ocupación, lo suficientemente estable, que les permitiera reemprender una nueva vida. Por otro, se analiza la ayuda que estos refugiados recibieron par parte de las organizaciones constituidas par los españoles exiliados. En primer lugar, por el Servicio de Evacuación de los Republicanos Españoles (SERE), que costeó el transporte desde Europa, y, seguidamente, por la Junta de Auxilio a los Republicanos Españoles (JARE), que, desde mediados de 1940, les ayudó en su estancia en la isla y colaboró en su salida hacia otro destine mejor.

This article analyzes the group of Spanish Republic exiles that arrived in Santo Domingo after the end of the Spanish Civil War, their location in the island and the difficulties they faced in finding sufficiently stable jobs to be able to begin a new life. It also analyzes the help that these refugees received from the organizations created by Spanish exiles, first from the Spanish Republican Evacuation Service (SERE) which paid for their transport from Europe and immediately afterwards, by the Board of Assistance for Spanish Republicans (JARE), which, from the mid 1940s onwards, assisted them with their stay on the island and helped them find more suitable destinations., Resumen El presente artículo analiza, por un lado, el volumen de las exiliados republicanos españoles que llegaron a Santo Domingo desde el fin de la guerra civil española, su ubicación en la isla y las dificultades a las que tuvieron que hacer frente para encontrar una ocupación, lo suficientemente estable, que les permitiera reemprender una nueva vida. Por otro, se analiza la ayuda que estos refugiados recibieron par parte de las organizaciones constituidas par los españoles exiliados. En primer lugar, por el Servicio de Evacuación de los Republicanos Españoles (SERE), que costeó el transporte desde Europa, y, seguidamente, por la Junta de Auxilio a los Republicanos Españoles (JARE), que, desde mediados de 1940, les ayudó en su estancia en la isla y colaboró en su salida hacia otro destine mejor.