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Outdoor play is a broad term that refers to a wide range of activities in a natural setting. However, modern technological advancements and gadgets such as television, computer and online games have resulted in children spending an increasing amount of time each day engaged in sedentary indoor activities rather than spending time outdoors. Many children’s social and physical health has deteriorated because of the reduction in outdoor access, which has been increasingly prevalent in recent years and may have long-term consequences. This scoping review aimed to determine what information was currently available on the impact of outdoor play on children’s wellbeing. This scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) criteria. As many as 165 citations were discovered across six databases for this scoping review, and 13 articles were eligible for inclusion. The majority of the findings showed that outdoor play positively impacts children’s social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development.

Outdoor play is a broad term that refers to a wide range of activities in a natural setting. However, modern technological advancements and gadgets such as television, computer and online games have resulted in children spending an increasing amount of time each day engaged in sedentary indoor activities rather than spending time outdoors. Many children’s social and physical health has deteriorated because of the reduction in outdoor access, which has been increasingly prevalent in recent years and may have long-term consequences. This scoping review aimed to determine what information was currently available on the impact of outdoor play on children’s wellbeing. This scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) criteria. As many as 165 citations were discovered across six databases for this scoping review, and 13 articles were eligible for inclusion. The majority of the findings showed that outdoor play positively impacts children’s social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development.

Music education is a subject that is generally thought to have much physical activity involved. However, virtual learning has been mandatary applied to most schools worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The landscape of music learning has had to be switched to online distance learning (ODL), where students learn music virtually using technological tools. Gifted students are among those affected by the implementation of music ODL throughout 2020. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of music ODL on gifted students’ motivation. The researchers framed this quantitative study by involving 81 secondary gifted students, aged 13 years, from 13 states in Malaysia. The sample was selected through random sampling, and a preexperimental design was applied to conduct the study. Respondents had been exposed to the music ODL intervention for a month. Data were collected through an adapted questionnaire, namely, the MUSIC Inventory, with a five-point scale. Data were further analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics, integrating two-way MANOVA, using SPSS Statistics version 23. Results reveal that an ODL approach to music classes is significantly effective to enhance gifted students’ motivation domains of empowerment, usefulness, success, interest, and caring. Yet, no significant difference was found in gifted students’ genders and locations on the four domains. Different approaches in music teaching could be further explored for music ODL to gifted students in future studies.

The coral health of Pulau Anak Datai (PAD), located off the northwest of Langkawi, Malaysia, was assessed using the Coral Health Index (CHI) method. Three ecological parameters, namely, benthic cover, fish biomass, and microbes (Vibrio) were determined at four sites around the island in 2019. In addition, community parameters such as coral mortality index, coral richness, relative abundance, diversity index, Evenness tests, and reef morphology were measured for each site. The results revealed that the benthic cover consists of less than 40% of scleractinian corals at all sites. A total of 25 genera of hard corals comprising of 11 families and 1 scleractinian Incertae sedis were observed, with the most dominant corals belong to the genera Porites, Favites, and Diploastrea. The average fish biomass of PAD was low (16.76 g/m2), with only 19 non-cryptic fish species observed. The abundance of Vibrio around the island was within the average range of 29.58 cfu/ml. Based on the benthos, fish, and Vibrio values, the Coral Health Index (CHI) of PAD was classified on the low side of the fair status. All sites tended toward high values of the mortality index (MI > 0.33). Reef morphology was strongly influenced by stress-tolerant corals, dominated by massive and sub-massive corals. The data presented here suggested that the reefs of PAD could be rated as stressed and becoming unhealthy and disturbed. However, in view of the rarity of coral reef ecosystems in the Straits of Malacca, this island deserves increased attention for conservation planning and coral reef protection.

Music education is a subject that is generally thought to have much physical activity involved. However, virtual learning has been mandatary applied to most schools worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The landscape of music learning has had to be switched to online distance learning (ODL), where students learn music virtually using technological tools. Gifted students are among those affected by the implementation of music ODL throughout 2020. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of music ODL on gifted students’ motivation. The researchers framed this quantitative study by involving 81 secondary gifted students, aged 13 years, from 13 states in Malaysia. The sample was selected through random sampling, and a preexperimental design was applied to conduct the study. Respondents had been exposed to the music ODL intervention for a month. Data were collected through an adapted questionnaire, namely, the MUSIC Inventory, with a five-point scale. Data were further analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics, integrating two-way MANOVA, using SPSS Statistics version 23. Results reveal that an ODL approach to music classes is significantly effective to enhance gifted students’ motivation domains of empowerment, usefulness, success, interest, and caring. Yet, no significant difference was found in gifted students’ genders and locations on the four domains. Different approaches in music teaching could be further explored for music ODL to gifted students in future studies.

The coral health of Pulau Anak Datai (PAD), located off the northwest of Langkawi, Malaysia, was assessed using the Coral Health Index (CHI) method. Three ecological parameters, namely, benthic cover, fish biomass, and microbes (Vibrio) were determined at four sites around the island in 2019. In addition, community parameters such as coral mortality index, coral richness, relative abundance, diversity index, Evenness tests, and reef morphology were measured for each site. The results revealed that the benthic cover consists of less than 40% of scleractinian corals at all sites. A total of 25 genera of hard corals comprising of 11 families and 1 scleractinian Incertae sedis were observed, with the most dominant corals belong to the genera Porites, Favites, and Diploastrea. The average fish biomass of PAD was low (16.76 g/m2), with only 19 non-cryptic fish species observed. The abundance of Vibrio around the island was within the average range of 29.58 cfu/ml. Based on the benthos, fish, and Vibrio values, the Coral Health Index (CHI) of PAD was classified on the low side of the fair status. All sites tended toward high values of the mortality index (MI > 0.33). Reef morphology was strongly influenced by stress-tolerant corals, dominated by massive and sub-massive corals. The data presented here suggested that the reefs of PAD could be rated as stressed and becoming unhealthy and disturbed. However, in view of the rarity of coral reef ecosystems in the Straits of Malacca, this island deserves increased attention for conservation planning and coral reef protection.

Music is not only an important subject in general education, but it particularly serves gifted students who face various psychological issues not encountered by their ‘normal’ peers. Nonetheless, it is found that not all schools are implementing proper music lessons due to the focus on STEM subjects. This paper provides an overview of developing music enrichment activities as an approach to meet gifted students’ needs. Differentiated instruction was used as the main approach to developing a comprehensive music enrichment activity, namely ‘Music in Film’, in which gifted students integrated music and computer skills in completing a given task. Furthermore, a research survey was conducted involving 36 gifted students. The MUSIC Inventory was used to measure their motivation and engagement towards the activity to measure the methods. Five domains empowerment, usefulness, success, interest and caring—were measured on a 6-point Likert scale. Results revealed that all five domains were rated from moderate to high by the gifted students with a minimum 4.5 mean. Although it can be concluded that this enrichment activity is apt and effective for implementation in gifted education, future studies could look at participants with different backgrounds and demographics. It is hoped that this paper will contribute to designing more enrichment activities with a differentiated instruction approach as gifted students possess high potential in various talents that need to be nurtured.

Music is not only an important subject in general education, but it particularly serves gifted students who face various psychological issues not encountered by their ‘normal’ peers. Nonetheless, it is found that not all schools are implementing proper music lessons due to the focus on STEM subjects. This paper provides an overview of developing music enrichment activities as an approach to meet gifted students’ needs. Differentiated instruction was used as the main approach to developing a comprehensive music enrichment activity, namely ‘Music in Film’, in which gifted students integrated music and computer skills in completing a given task. Furthermore, a research survey was conducted involving 36 gifted students. The MUSIC Inventory was used to measure their motivation and engagement towards the activity to measure the methods. Five domains empowerment, usefulness, success, interest and caring—were measured on a 6-point Likert scale. Results revealed that all five domains were rated from moderate to high by the gifted students with a minimum 4.5 mean. Although it can be concluded that this enrichment activity is apt and effective for implementation in gifted education, future studies could look at participants with different backgrounds and demographics. It is hoped that this paper will contribute to designing more enrichment activities with a differentiated instruction approach as gifted students possess high potential in various talents that need to be nurtured.

Tujuan - Tanpa sokongan daripada pihak sekolah dan ahli masyarakat, anak-anak pintar cerdas terdedah dengan peminggiran sosial dan risiko masalah psikologi seterusnya gagal dalam pelajaran. Kajian lepas membuktikan bahawa pelajar-pelajar pintar cerdas memiliki tingkah laku unik yang boleh membantu meningkatkan pencapaian keseluruhan mereka. Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka tingkah laku unik pelajar pintar cerdas yang ditunjukkan semasa berada di rumah, proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam kelas, dan pergaulan bersama rakan di sekolah. Metodologi - Kajian dijalankan menerusi pendekatan kualitatif di Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara yang merupakan tempat pengajian pelajar pintar cerdas berbakat akademik dari seluruh Malaysia. Responden terdiri daripada lima orang ibu bapa pelajar pintar cerdas, tiga orang pensyarah, dan enam orang pelajar pintar cerdas. Pengumpulan data melalui kaedah temu bual mendalam dan temu bual kelompok mengikut protokol temu bual yang dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik. Dapatan - Keputusan menunjukkan tingkah laku unik pelajar pintar meliputi lakuan membaca dalam masa yang lama, suka menyendiri menyiapkan tugasan, kerap bertanya sehingga memperoleh jawapan yang konkrit, berbahas untuk mempertahankan jawapan, memberi komitmen yang tinggi, dan selalu melakukan aktiviti mencabar minda. Signifikan - Kajian ini menjadi panduan kepada ibu bapa, guru-guru dan masyarakat untuk memahami pelajar pintar cerdas dengan lebih dekat lagi seterusnya mengelakkan risiko peminggiran pelajar pintar cerdas. Implikasi terhadap kaedah dan strategi pengajaran guru untuk disesuaikan dengan keunikan tingkah laku pelajar pintar cerdas di sekolah. Oleh itu, dapatan kajian ini dijangka dapat mengukuhkan program pendidikan pintar cerdas di Malaysia.

Purpose - Music class should function as a class that triggers joy and a platform for students to express their feelings. Based on observation, there are music teachers who teach singing and the playing of musical instruments based traditionally on a teacher-centered approach. This has caused music classes to become passive and dull, with unexcited students that would cause them to lose focus in the class. The purpose of this research is to investigate the application of rhythmic movements, using one of the components from Dal Crozes Eurhythmics as an activity to develop active and fun music classes, hence, to improve students' music performance skills. Methodology - The study was carried out within the framework of a ten-week action-research design involving 35 primary school students at Putrajaya, Malaysia. Data collection was through group observation on students' musical behaviours. Researchers also conducted an in-depth interview with rhythmic movement experts. Findings - Result shows that there is a significant change of musical behaviours among primary students from week 8 to week 10. Experts agree that rhythmic movement can create a meaningful music class with the active participation of students. Three rhythmic procedures have been recommended by the experts to strengthen a music class pedagogy. Significance - Learning music through movements has turned music classes into active and fun places. Rhythmic movement activity has made music lessons to become more meaningful. This study has helped students to explore music through movements, creating an environment in which they have the chance to play, communicate with each other, learn through observation and express their creativity in their own way. This intervention helps students to grasp almost all the music concepts while doing activities. This study has also provided ideas for teachers to integrate rhythmic movements into the music instructional process.

This study scrutinized the current media language culture of code-mixing insertion practice of English morpheme (-ing) into Malay lexical item (lepak) by Malaysians on Facebook. A collection of 227 Facebook postings of the usage of ‘lepaking’, where base language of the online postings is Malay, from January to January 2020 to August 2020, were analyzed to investigate on the reasons of ‘lepaking’ instead of ‘hanging out’ utilized by Malaysians on Facebook. This study shadowed Muysken’s (2000) typology of code-mixing insertion which defines ‘the insertion a well-defined chunk of language B into a sentence or word that otherwise belongs to language A’ and further operationalized by using "socially-realistic linguistics” theory of Kachru, Halliday and Firthian is to identify the reasons why ‘lepaking’ in preference to ‘hanging out’. The finding acknowledged a new phenomenon of code-mixing insertion since the ‘chunk’ inserted was in a form of morpheme (-ing), not a complete word. The reasons of the use of ‘lepaking’ identified were: a) Role identification: social, registral, educational, (b) Style identification: the language trend and (c) The yearning to clarify and interpret: the speaker’s attitude and relationship with other persons and the vice versa. In conclusion, ‘lepaking’ is an identification of language fashion of ‘New Englishization’ and it emerges when co-relationship occurs between speaker, linguistic forms and language function.

This study scrutinized the current media language culture of code-mixing insertion practice of English morpheme (-ing) into Malay lexical item (lepak) by Malaysians on Facebook. A collection of 227 Facebook postings of the usage of ‘lepaking’, where base language of the online postings is Malay, from January to January 2020 to August 2020, were analyzed to investigate on the reasons of ‘lepaking’ instead of ‘hanging out’ utilized by Malaysians on Facebook. This study shadowed Muysken’s (2000) typology of code-mixing insertion which defines ‘the insertion a well-defined chunk of language B into a sentence or word that otherwise belongs to language A’ and further operationalized by using "socially-realistic linguistics” theory of Kachru, Halliday and Firthian is to identify the reasons why ‘lepaking’ in preference to ‘hanging out’. The finding acknowledged a new phenomenon of code-mixing insertion since the ‘chunk’ inserted was in a form of morpheme (-ing), not a complete word. The reasons of the use of ‘lepaking’ identified were: a) Role identification: social, registral, educational, (b) Style identification: the language trend and (c) The yearning to clarify and interpret: the speaker’s attitude and relationship with other persons and the vice versa. In conclusion, ‘lepaking’ is an identification of language fashion of ‘New Englishization’ and it emerges when co-relationship occurs between speaker, linguistic forms and language function.

Pemikiran kreatif ialah nilai tambah yang 'wajib' ada dalam diri pelajar-pelajar Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (IPT) dalam menyumbang kepada pembangunan negara yang berinovatif. Pembentukan individu yang mempunyai kemahiran berfikir secara kreatif harus dimulakan seawal pendidikan pra-sekolah dan terus digilap di peringkat universiti. Hampir kesemua IPT di Malaysia telah menjurus kepada membangunkan kemahiran pemikiran kreatif pelajar dalam struktur pembelajaran dan pengajaran melalui kerja berpasukan. Namun demikian, masih kurang kajian yang menguji pengaruh komposisi kerja berpasukan secara spesifik, iaitu personaliti proaktif dan kecerdasan emosi ahli pasukan ke atas pembangunan pemikiran kreatif pelajar. Kajian lepas mendapati bahawa tidak semua kerja berpasukan mampu menghasilkan hasil yang hebat disebabkan kurangnya keserasian antara ahli pasukan. Oleh itu, pasukan yang hebat bukan sahaja perlu memilih ahli yang terbaik tetapi mereka perlu mempunyai komposisi ahli yang sama-sama dapat membangunkan tahap pemikiran kreatif yang tinggi. Setiap ahli pasukan perlu melibatkan diri dalam proses kreatif yang membantu membangunkan kemahiran pemikiran kreatif. Proses ini merangkumi beberapa langkah iaitu mengenal pasti masalah, mencari maklumat dan mengekodkan dan menjana idea dan alternatif dalam penyelesaian masalah. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menguji hubungan antara karakteristik individu dalam komposisi pasukan dan proses kreatif serta menguji sejauh mana proses kreatif dapat membangunkan kemahiran pemikiran kreatif pelajar dalam kerja berpasukan. Sampel kajian ini ialah pelajar daripada enam buah IPT di Malaysia di mana 250 borang kaji selidik (40-50 bagi setiap IPT) telah diedarkan secara atastalian dan data diuji menggunakan perisian SPSS (versi 22). Hasil kajian daripada 242 maklumbalas menunjukkan bahawa personaliti proaktif dan kecerdasan emosi pelajar mempunyai hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan penglibatan pelajar dalam proses kreatif. Seterusnya

Creative thinking is a compulsory added value within students of Malaysian Higher Education Institutions (MHEIs) in contributing to the innovative national development. The development of an individual who has creative thinking skills must begin as early as pre-school education and continue to be practised at the tertiary level. Almost all MHEIs have focused on the development of creative thinking skill among students in the teaching and learning structure through teamwork. Nonetheless, studies that specifically test the influence of teamwork composition, namely proactive personality and emotional intelligence of team members on the development of students’ creative thinking are rather scarce. Previous studies found that not all teamwork is able to produce great outcome due to the fact that there is no chemistry among team members. Thus, great teams not only have to choose the best members but they also need to have a composition of members that can collectively develop high level of creative thinking skills . Every team member must take part in the creative process that facilitates the development of creative thinking skills. This process encompasses several steps of activities namely identifying problems, finding information, coding and generating ideas and alternatives in problem-solving. The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between individual characteristics in team composition and creative process as well as to the extent of which the creative process can develop students’ creative thinking skills in teamwork. The study sample comprises 250 students from six Malaysian HEIs (40- 50 questionnaires per HEI) with the questionnaires distributed online. The data from 242 respondents were tested using SPSS software (version 22). The findings of the study reveal that there was a positive and significant relationship between the proactive personality and emotional intelligence of the students and the students’ involvement in the creativity process. Ther

Intim profesional di tempat kerja (IPDTK) adalah suatu fenomena yang sering berlaku dalam suasana kerja yang mana seringkali ditafsirkan dengan perspektif negatif. Namun, konsep berkenaan perhubungan ini mepunyai pelbagai perspektif yang dinamik yang mana kajian ini cuba merungkai pemasalahan ini. Justeru, penyelidik menggunakan kaedah kualitatif fenomenologi ini dengan menggunakan rekabentuk kajian temubual secara mendalam dengan informan yang terdiri daripada 13 orang belia muslim professional yang dipilih dengan teknik persempelan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jawapan. Ini bagi mencapai objektif kajian iaitu; (1) untuk mendapatkan makna dinamika IPDTK perspektif belia muslim, (2) untuk memahami IPDTK yang berlaku dalam kalangan belia muslim, (3) untuk mengetahui kesan IPDTK kepada Pembangunan Belia Positif (PYD) dan (4) untuk mengetahui cara belia muslim menyantuni IPDTK. Hasil kajian daripada objektif pertama mendapati bahawa makna dinamika IPDTK berdasarkan magnitud yang merupakan tiga tema kategori iaitu hubungan keserakanan, hubungan intim profesional dan hubungan intim peribadi yang merangkumi sembilan subtema. Hasil kajian daripada objektif kedua pula mendapati bahawa IPDTK yang berlaku dalam kalangan belia muslim merupakan suatu proses yang panjang melibatkan hubungan interpersonal antara individu yang mana terdiri daripada tiga kategori tema iaitu berkenal-kenalan (taaruf), faham-memahami (tafahum) dan tolong-menolong (takaful) yang merangkumi 13 subtema. Berdasarkan objektif kajian ketiga pula dapat difahami bahawa IPDTK memberi kesan positif terhadap PYD yang mana merangkumi lima tema iaitu berkeyakinan, berkebolehan, keterikatan, berkeperibadian dan penyayang yang merangkumi sembilan subtema. Manakala hasil kajian terakhir untuk objektif kajian keempat didapati bahawa belia muslim menyantuni IPDTK dengan berpegang kepada prinsip Islam dan nilai profesional yang mana melibatkan empat kategori tema iaitu pegangan agama sebagai pendinding, menghormati jarak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan pengajaran pendekatan Euritmik Dalcroze ke atas kemahiran menyanyi sambil bermain alat perkusi kompang dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah. Kelebihan penggunaan pendekatan Euritmik Dalcroze telah dibuktikan dalam pelbagai kajian lepas yang memfokuskan kepada penggunaan fizikal badan dengan elemen muzik tetapi tidak dalam bidang koordinasi nyanyian dan permainan alat muzik. Kemahiran koordinasi ini amat penting dalam pembelajaran muzik termasuk membuat persembahan. Namun demikian, didapati kemahiran yang melibatkan pergerakan permainan alat muzik serentak dengan nyanyian ini sukar dilakukan dengan kaedah pengajaran sedia ada dalam kalangan guru-guru sekolah rendah. Hal ini menyebabkan kekangan dalam pelbagai persembahan muzik yang melibatkan koordinasi muzikal terutamanya menyanyi sambil bermain alat muzik. Ini bukan sahaja menjejaskan kualiti persembahan malah memerlukan masa latihan yang lama walaupun kanak-kanak sudah mempunyai kebolehan menyanyi atau bermain alat muzik. Ini didapati berdasarkan penelitian literatur, pemerhatian, dan pengalaman penyelidik sebagai guru muzik di sekolah rendah. Reka bentuk kuasi-eksperimental digunakan bagi mengumpul data dari dua kelompok murid iaitu 35 orang dalam kumpulan rawatan dan 35 orang kumpulan kawalan yang berumur sembilan tahun di sebuah sekolah rendah Putrajaya. Data ujian pra dan ujian pasca menggunakan analisis nilai min, sisihan piawai, peratus, Ujian T Sampel Berpasangan dan MANOVA satu hala. Instrumen untuk mengumpul data adalah melalui Ujian Amali Muzik dan Inventori MUSIC daripada Jones (2017). Dapatan daripada kumpulan kawalan dan rawatan menunjukkan intervensi kajian memberi kesan yang signifikan terhadap pencapaian murid dalam kemahiran nyanyian, permainan alat perkusi kompang dan koordinasi menyanyi sambil bermain kompang. Dapatan soal selidik pula menunjukkan pendekatan Euritmik Dalcroze mempunyai kekuatan dari aspek pengupayaan, kebolehgunaan, dan keprihatinan berbanding

Intim profesional di tempat kerja (IPDTK) adalah suatu fenomena yang sering berlaku dalam suasana kerja yang mana seringkali ditafsirkan dengan perspektif negatif. Namun, konsep berkenaan perhubungan ini mepunyai pelbagai perspektif yang dinamik yang mana kajian ini cuba merungkai pemasalahan ini. Justeru, penyelidik menggunakan kaedah kualitatif fenomenologi ini dengan menggunakan rekabentuk kajian temubual secara mendalam dengan informan yang terdiri daripada 13 orang belia muslim professional yang dipilih dengan teknik persempelan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jawapan. Ini bagi mencapai objektif kajian iaitu; (1) untuk mendapatkan makna dinamika IPDTK perspektif belia muslim, (2) untuk memahami IPDTK yang berlaku dalam kalangan belia muslim, (3) untuk mengetahui kesan IPDTK kepada Pembangunan Belia Positif (PYD) dan (4) untuk mengetahui cara belia muslim menyantuni IPDTK. Hasil kajian daripada objektif pertama mendapati bahawa makna dinamika IPDTK berdasarkan magnitud yang merupakan tiga tema kategori iaitu hubungan keserakanan, hubungan intim profesional dan hubungan intim peribadi yang merangkumi sembilan subtema. Hasil kajian daripada objektif kedua pula mendapati bahawa IPDTK yang berlaku dalam kalangan belia muslim merupakan suatu proses yang panjang melibatkan hubungan interpersonal antara individu yang mana terdiri daripada tiga kategori tema iaitu berkenal-kenalan (taaruf), faham-memahami (tafahum) dan tolong-menolong (takaful) yang merangkumi 13 subtema. Berdasarkan objektif kajian ketiga pula dapat difahami bahawa IPDTK memberi kesan positif terhadap PYD yang mana merangkumi lima tema iaitu berkeyakinan, berkebolehan, keterikatan, berkeperibadian dan penyayang yang merangkumi sembilan subtema. Manakala hasil kajian terakhir untuk objektif kajian keempat didapati bahawa belia muslim menyantuni IPDTK dengan berpegang kepada prinsip Islam dan nilai profesional yang mana melibatkan empat kategori tema iaitu pegangan agama sebagai pendinding, menghormati jarak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan pengajaran pendekatan Euritmik Dalcroze ke atas kemahiran menyanyi sambil bermain alat perkusi kompang dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah. Kelebihan penggunaan pendekatan Euritmik Dalcroze telah dibuktikan dalam pelbagai kajian lepas yang memfokuskan kepada penggunaan fizikal badan dengan elemen muzik tetapi tidak dalam bidang koordinasi nyanyian dan permainan alat muzik. Kemahiran koordinasi ini amat penting dalam pembelajaran muzik termasuk membuat persembahan. Namun demikian, didapati kemahiran yang melibatkan pergerakan permainan alat muzik serentak dengan nyanyian ini sukar dilakukan dengan kaedah pengajaran sedia ada dalam kalangan guru-guru sekolah rendah. Hal ini menyebabkan kekangan dalam pelbagai persembahan muzik yang melibatkan koordinasi muzikal terutamanya menyanyi sambil bermain alat muzik. Ini bukan sahaja menjejaskan kualiti persembahan malah memerlukan masa latihan yang lama walaupun kanak-kanak sudah mempunyai kebolehan menyanyi atau bermain alat muzik. Ini didapati berdasarkan penelitian literatur, pemerhatian, dan pengalaman penyelidik sebagai guru muzik di sekolah rendah. Reka bentuk kuasi-eksperimental digunakan bagi mengumpul data dari dua kelompok murid iaitu 35 orang dalam kumpulan rawatan dan 35 orang kumpulan kawalan yang berumur sembilan tahun di sebuah sekolah rendah Putrajaya. Data ujian pra dan ujian pasca menggunakan analisis nilai min, sisihan piawai, peratus, Ujian T Sampel Berpasangan dan MANOVA satu hala. Instrumen untuk mengumpul data adalah melalui Ujian Amali Muzik dan Inventori MUSIC daripada Jones (2017). Dapatan daripada kumpulan kawalan dan rawatan menunjukkan intervensi kajian memberi kesan yang signifikan terhadap pencapaian murid dalam kemahiran nyanyian, permainan alat perkusi kompang dan koordinasi menyanyi sambil bermain kompang. Dapatan soal selidik pula menunjukkan pendekatan Euritmik Dalcroze mempunyai kekuatan dari aspek pengupayaan, kebolehgunaan, dan keprihatinan berbanding

Kajian-kajian lepas telah menyatakan bahawa untuk melakukan dua kemahiran muzik pada satu masa bukanlah suatu perkara yang mudah. Hal ini bertambah sukarapabila kemahiran ini diajarkan kepada kanak-kanak. Namun, pendekatan Euritmik Dalcroze yang bertumpukan kepada komponen pergerakan berirama memberikan keutamaan kepada tubuh badan sebagai instrumen utama menguasai elemen muzik dan seterusnya meningkatkankoordinasi seseorang individu. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keberkesanan pendekatan Euritmik Dalcroze untuk meningkatkan koordinasi kemahiran menyanyi sambil bermain kompang dalam kalangan kanak-kanak. Kajian ini merupakan kajian rintis yang melibatkan peserta seramai 31 orang murid-murid dari sebuah sekolah rendah di Putrajaya yang terdiri daripada 19 orang lelaki dan 12 orang perempuan. Pencapaian responden dianalisis selepas intervensi diberikan kepada responden sebanyak 12 sesi selama tiga bulan. Kajian mendapati bahawa skor min pencapaian koordinasi menyanyi dan bermain kompang ialah 61.7 dengan nilai sisihan piawai 12.47. Keputusan ujian juga menunjukkan tiga orang murid mendapat Gred A, 10 orang murid mendapat markah Gred B, 13 orang murid mendapat Gred C, empat orang murid mendapat Gred D dan seorang murid gagal dengan mendapat Gred E. Hal ini bermakna seramai 30 orang murid telah lulus ujian yang dijalankan. Oleh kerana hampir semua murid telah lulus dengan ujian yang dijalankan, pendekatanEuritmik Dalcroze adalah sesuai digunakan untuk meningkatkan korrdinasi menyanyi sambil bermain kompang dalam kalangan kanak-kanak.

Kajian-kajian lepas telah menyatakan bahawa untuk melakukan dua kemahiran muzik pada satu masa bukanlah suatu perkara yang mudah. Hal ini bertambah sukarapabila kemahiran ini diajarkan kepada kanak-kanak. Namun, pendekatan Euritmik Dalcroze yang bertumpukan kepada komponen pergerakan berirama memberikan keutamaan kepada tubuh badan sebagai instrumen utama menguasai elemen muzik dan seterusnya meningkatkankoordinasi seseorang individu. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keberkesanan pendekatan Euritmik Dalcroze untuk meningkatkan koordinasi kemahiran menyanyi sambil bermain kompang dalam kalangan kanak-kanak. Kajian ini merupakan kajian rintis yang melibatkan peserta seramai 31 orang murid-murid dari sebuah sekolah rendah di Putrajaya yang terdiri daripada 19 orang lelaki dan 12 orang perempuan. Pencapaian responden dianalisis selepas intervensi diberikan kepada responden sebanyak 12 sesi selama tiga bulan. Kajian mendapati bahawa skor min pencapaian koordinasi menyanyi dan bermain kompang ialah 61.7 dengan nilai sisihan piawai 12.47. Keputusan ujian juga menunjukkan tiga orang murid mendapat Gred A, 10 orang murid mendapat markah Gred B, 13 orang murid mendapat Gred C, empat orang murid mendapat Gred D dan seorang murid gagal dengan mendapat Gred E. Hal ini bermakna seramai 30 orang murid telah lulus ujian yang dijalankan. Oleh kerana hampir semua murid telah lulus dengan ujian yang dijalankan, pendekatanEuritmik Dalcroze adalah sesuai digunakan untuk meningkatkan korrdinasi menyanyi sambil bermain kompang dalam kalangan kanak-kanak.

Building partnerships with foreign importers or distributors is critical for internationalizing small and medium enterprises with limited resources.Doing so can help them leverage the resources of their partners and enhance their export performance in foreign markets.Within this context, commitment to the relationship stands as an important cross-border relationship dimension. In addition, market orientation and entrepreneurship orientation have been highlighted in the literature as important variables to develop relationship commitment.The literature also demonstrates that effective communication between partners is the critical function of relationship closeness and strength.This study used the resource-based view for theoretical foundation.We collected data from 220 small and medium business exporters in the manufacturing sector in an emerging market, namely, Malaysia which were analyzed using hierarchical moderated regression analysis.The results showed that entrepreneurship orientation is positively related to relationship commitment. The findings also revealed that the relationship between market orientation and commitment was fully moderated by communication.This means the entrepreneurial values of risk taking, innovation, and pro-action are crucial in providing SMEs with the ability to develop and maintain relationship commitment. Future studies may investigate how the rapid changes in the international business environment affect SME relationship commitment.

In this study heat transfer performances of extended surfaces (fins) having square, circular, hexagonal, and triangular lateral perforations are studied numerically. Simulations are carried out for Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 400 based on the fin thickness. Numerical results are first validated with previously published results and a good agreement is observed. For each type, Nusselt number, average drag, and heat removal rate of perforated fins are determined and compared. Results show that perforation geometry has significant effects on the thermal and fluid dynamic performance of the extended surfaces. All types of perforated fins show better heat transfer performance enhancement than the regular solid fins.

This paper relies on social identity theory to explore post-purchase satisfaction for buying local brands. Concepts including ethnocentrism, self-congruity, corporate brand, service quality and product characteristics are applied towards the customers of Proton and Perodua, two of Malaysia's national automobile brands. The primary purpose is to examine in what ways Proton customers differ from Perodua customers. Using a survey method, 478 respondents were recruited for Proton and 235 for Perodua. The study was carried out at service centres for both brands. Three important findings are reported in this study: first, domestic purchasing is not necessarily related to ethnocentrism; second, consumers are rational; and third, measurement equivalence analysis is important if a study has different types of respondents. These findings are in opposition to other consumer studies that have highlighted ethnocentrism as the primary reason for buying local brands, and this study suggests that there is more to consumer choice than ethnocentric considerations.

Trust in inter-organisational relationships is becoming an increasingly important topic in international business studies. Trusting relationships are even more important to small businesses with limited operational resources, which makes partnerships with foreign importers an important strategic consideration. When exporters pursue these endeavours, they are able to leverage partner company competencies. Organisations gain market knowledge and, thereafter, a greater export competitive advantage. This study examines the antecedents of relationships between small and medium export and import enterprises. This study also investigates the effects of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) relationships on exporters’ competitive advantage. Based on a sample of 228 SMEs, trust positively and significantly affects competitive advantage. In addition, managerial commitment is crucial for SMEs pursuing trusting and beneficial relationships with foreign importers. We conclude this paper with a statement of limitations and recommendations for future research.

Previous studies show that traditional scoring system in EFQM model is not robust and is suffering a problem causing deviation in assessing the performance of an organization. This study aims to establish a realistic scoring system and accurate using one of the MCDM methods. AHP method is used in order to consider the effect of interaction EFQM criteria. Moreover, traditional scoring of EFQM model is used in this analysis. Results show that new scoring system is more efficient than the traditional scoring system. This is because that the traditional scoring system of EFQM is based on additive calculations whereas AHP method considers interaction effects of criteria and sub criteria in EFQM model. Also the efficiency and effectiveness of the new scoring system were confirmed by the data obtained from the performance evaluation of 35 organizations in a case study. The integration EFQM and AHP models can create a new scoring system to help prevent the deviation of organization performance assessment.

In increasingly competitive business environments, business excellence models play crucial roles in organizational successes. Numerous organizations implement business excellence models to obtain business excellence. To monitor the progress towards business excellence, thousands of organizations across the world use business excellence frameworks. This paper reviews the principal concepts of excellence and the leading quality awards, including the Deming Prize from Japan, the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQ) from the United States, the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) excellence model and The ISO 9000 quality system and describes how they may be applied to direct organizational improvement by means of the process of self-assessment. Ultimately, these business excellence frameworks were evaluated against a set of 12 sub-systems which they constructed to include all aspects of the Total Quality Management philosophy. The results of this evaluation have been discussed as a summary of comparison between major business excellence frameworks.

Studies showed that the scoring system of the EFQM has got some problems that can cause a deviation from the correct assess performance of organization. One of the reasons of this deviation could be due to the scoring approach of EFQM questionnaire. This study is to investigate relationship of each question of the questionnaire with TQM criteria and give a practical way to overcome the existing problem. In this study, with 50 questions of the EFQM and criteria of TQM, a questionnaire has been created. Then, opinions of 175 assessors dealing with EFQM are gathered about the relationship between the questions of EFQM with any of TQM criteria. The data have been processed using SPSS software and the nearest point of a fuzzy number and Topsis model. The results revealed that amount of relationship between each EFQM’s question with TQM criteria isn’t same therefore the weight of each question in EFQM’s questionnaire is not equal to the rest of questions and TQM criteria. Also assigning equal scores to all questions of EFQM’s traditional questionnaire is nonrealistic and consequently, the simplicity additive calculation of assessing performance of organization is also nonrealistic and this is created a deviation to assess properly performance of organization. According to the findings of this study, one should consider the EFQM assessors’ point of view regarding the relationship between criteria of the two models in order to improve organization performance assessments. Finally, considering the level of priority in Topsis method, a relevant scoring system should be created. This can overcome the problem of deviation in assessing the organization’s performance.

Previous studies show that traditional scoring system in EFQM model is not robust and is suffering a problem causing deviation in assessing the performance of an organization. This study aims to establish a realistic scoring system and accurate using one of the MCDM methods. AHP method is used in order to consider the effect of interaction EFQM criteria. Moreover, traditional scoring of EFQM model is used in this analysis. Results show that new scoring system is more efficient than the traditional scoring system. This is because that the traditional scoring system of EFQM is based on additive calculations whereas AHP method considers interaction effects of criteria and sub criteria in EFQM model. Also the efficiency and effectiveness of the new scoring system were confirmed by the data obtained from the performance evaluation of 35 organizations in a case study. The integration EFQM and AHP models can create a new scoring system to help prevent the deviation of organization performance assessment.

Studies showed that the scoring system of the EFQM has got some problems that can cause a deviation from the correct assess performance of organization. One of the reasons of this deviation could be due to the scoring approach of EFQM questionnaire. This study is to investigate relationship of each question of the questionnaire with TQM criteria and give a practical way to overcome the existing problem. In this study, with 50 questions of the EFQM and criteria of TQM, a questionnaire has been created. Then, opinions of 175 assessors dealing with EFQM are gathered about the relationship between the questions of EFQM with any of TQM criteria. The data have been processed using SPSS software and the nearest point of a fuzzy number and Topsis model. The results revealed that amount of relationship between each EFQM’s question with TQM criteria isn’t same therefore the weight of each question in EFQM’s questionnaire is not equal to the rest of questions and TQM criteria. Also assigning equal scores to all questions of EFQM’s traditional questionnaire is nonrealistic and consequently, the simplicity additive calculation of assessing performance of organization is also nonrealistic and this is created a deviation to assess properly performance of organization. According to the findings of this study, one should consider the EFQM assessors’ point of view regarding the relationship between criteria of the two models in order to improve organization performance assessments. Finally, considering the level of priority in Topsis method, a relevant scoring system should be created. This can overcome the problem of deviation in assessing the organization’s performance.

In increasingly competitive business environments, business excellence models play crucial roles in organizational successes. Numerous organizations implement business excellence models to obtain business excellence. To monitor the progress towards business excellence, thousands of organizations across the world use business excellence frameworks. This paper reviews the principal concepts of excellence and the leading quality awards, including the Deming Prize from Japan, the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQ) from the United States, the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) excellence model and The ISO 9000 quality system and describes how they may be applied to direct organizational improvement by means of the process of self-assessment. Ultimately, these business excellence frameworks were evaluated against a set of 12 sub-systems which they constructed to include all aspects of the Total Quality Management philosophy. The results of this evaluation have been discussed as a summary of comparison between major business excellence frameworks.

This paper discusses the issue of consumer trust from corporate brand perspective.The understanding of consumer trust is important as it allows the scholars to understand the reason why the consumers loyal to a certain brand or product.In essence, this paper highlights that scholars should focus on the source of consumer trust instead of questioning whether trust is important.Consequently, this paper argues that the source of consumer trust is embedded in the context of a study.

The rise in the number of small and medium businesses competing in foreign markets has led to growing interest among researchers in the study of the international activities of these firms. Previous studies have focused on how small businesses successfully compete in the market alongside larger and resourceful firms despite the former’s scarcity of resources.In this light, we develop the conceptual framework that is based upon the resource-based view, and explore the link between firm-specific resources and export performance.This study examines the relationships between entrepreneurial dimensions, namely pro-activeness, risk-taking, and innovativeness, and the performance of the exporter.Based on a sample of 220 SMEs, this study found that pro-activeness affects export performance positively and significantly.In addition, innovativeness was found to be significantly associated with export performance.Finally, the paper ends with the conclusion, a presentation of the limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research.

This paper addressed a data modelling and functionality evaluation of traceability system requirements and its implementation for small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The major idea is to convert the data structure and system behaviour arising from traceability requirement into modelling using data modelling techniques in a user-friendly and economical way. Then, based on a case study the paper expounds the methodology by implementing the model to a computerised traceability information system. The system can manipulate operation data as well as quality data dynamically to keep the traceability information up to date and useful. The solution responds to all traceability requirements of integrity, data collecting, linking, and guarantees different types of lists and reports in the support of quick decision making with minimal human efforts., QC 20150616

A study was done to determine the differences of anthropometrics data among three ethnic populations in Malaysia. Measurements were collected among 300 respondents representing 150 males and 150 females ranging from the age of 18 to 24 years. A total of thirty-three body dimensions were measured. The statistical test includes, mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean, coefficient of variation, minimum, maximum, 5th percentile, 50th percentile and 95th percentile for the various body dimension were tabulated. ANOVA F using post-hoc Scheffe test were performed to determine the significant differences between the means of anthropometric dimension and within the three ethnic’s. The result shows that the significant differences (p<0.05) in most of the measurements taken between the three ethnics and among the different genders respectively. The post-hoc Scheffe test indicated that the Malay male’s have the largest body size compared to the Chinese and Indian. In addition, the Chinese female’s have the largest body size compared to the Malay and Indian population. In the male and female population, Indian and Malay have the smallest body size respectively. As a conclusion, the results suggest that there are various body dimension differences between the ethnics in Malaysian population and there is a need to consider ethnicity aspect when designing for the Malaysian population.

A study was done to determine the differences of anthropometrics data among three ethnic populations in Malaysia. Measurements were collected among 300 respondents representing 150 males and 150 females ranging from the age of 18 to 24 years. A total of thirty-three body dimensions were measured. The statistical test includes, mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean, coefficient of variation, minimum, maximum, 5th percentile, 50th percentile and 95th percentile for the various body dimension were tabulated. ANOVA F using post-hoc Scheffe test were performed to determine the significant differences between the means of anthropometric dimension and within the three ethnic’s. The result shows that the significant differences (p<0.05) in most of the measurements taken between the three ethnics and among the different genders respectively. The post-hoc Scheffe test indicated that the Malay male’s have the largest body size compared to the Chinese and Indian. In addition, the Chinese female’s have the largest body size compared to the Malay and Indian population. In the male and female population, Indian and Malay have the smallest body size respectively. As a conclusion, the results suggest that there are various body dimension differences between the ethnics in Malaysian population and there is a need to consider ethnicity aspect when designing for the Malaysian population.

Despite the inherent liability of resouce scarity, superior performance of small and medium enterprises in foreign market operations has made the study of small firm internationalization a focus of many scholars. Although investigation into the phenomenon abound, the complexity of international business generates intricacy into the research process.This paper discusses an investigation grounded on the composite of Internalization Models, namely the Uppsala MODEL and the Resource-based view.The explication highlights the critical role of organizational resources and capabilities in laveraging relationships quality with a foreign partner to internationalize at a faster rate. The underlying argument its that a lack of financial and human resources pose a contraint to small business to internally generate foreign market knowledgeto identify opportunities.Small business acquire knowledge by laveraging quality as a proxy to the level of knowledge acquisition where the relationship acts as a conduit to information flow.Finally, a conceptual model is proposed and several propositions are also suggested.

Ranking and choosing the best material is one of most important stages in material selection process. Using linear assignment method, the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach is proposed in decision-making process to rank the materials for a given engineering component with respect to several criteria. The proposed material selection procedure is relatively simple, and can be a useful approach when material selection problem includes qualitative properties or user-interaction aspects. The suggested approach also can be use for quantitative properties. Three examples are included to demonstrate the suggested method. Result of proposed approach showed good agreement with other methods.

This paper introduces a practical methodology of assign able signals and Run chart tests for identification of nonrandom patterns of supplier performance by statistical monitoring. The assumption of normal distribution is one of the important factors to implement a control chart in industry and service. It is supposed that natural data shows lack of any nonrandom pattern signals or out of control points on control chart. The data of supplier’s on-time delivery for automotive industry has been gathered and illustrated on control chart by employing appropriate transformation and assignable signals and run chart were tested on the control chart accordingly. The results show that tests were able to identify nonrandom patterns of supplier performance data. Out of control signals were removed from the control chart and show that on-time delivery performance was increased accordingly. The control chart with natural pattern can be used as pilot for monitoring supplier delivery over time and improve supplier delivery performance.

Ranking and choosing the best material is one of most important stages in material selection process. Using linear assignment method, the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach is proposed in decision-making process to rank the materials for a given engineering component with respect to several criteria. The proposed material selection procedure is relatively simple, and can be a useful approach when material selection problem includes qualitative properties or user-interaction aspects. The suggested approach also can be use for quantitative properties. Three examples are included to demonstrate the suggested method. Result of proposed approach showed good agreement with other methods.

Nowadays, Supply Chain Management (SCM) plays a crucial role in gaining competitive advantage in business for all productions and service industries. The recognition of the parties into SCM and their positions are considered highly strategic from management viewpoint. The present paper introduces a soft network model for SCM of Small and Medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to enhance the performance of the whole chain. The comparison of the conceptual model shows that it will cover all elements of the supply chain by employing procurement, production and marking centers. Collaboration of all parties based on the unison commission into the SCM model will enhance the performance of the supply chain and continually improve it according to Plan, Do, Check, and Act (PDCA) philosophy through integration of whole chain parties. The implementation of the proposed model leads to the improvement key performance indicators of the supply process by reducing the finished product price, delivery time, shortage, and making a green competitive environment for business to business purposes by employing knowledge base orientation and maintaining the collaborated union of SMEs as technology-driven firm.

The quality of the raw material and supplied product from suppliers plays a critical role in the quality of the final product. It has become the norm that vehicle manufacturers require their suppliers to measure product quality and service with a product audit method. Measuring quality of product is emphasised by QS9000 VDA6.5 and ISO/TS16949. From a competitive standpoint, and also to see continuous improvement in business, companies need to monitor their suppliers performance. Quality and delivery are two very important indicators of supplier performance. This paper presents a statistical method for measuring the quality of supplied product. This method allocates different weights to variables and attributes characteristics. Moreover, following normal distribution, the tolerance zone is divided to three regions with different scores. Therefore, the quality of suppliers products can be monitored based on the Product Quality Audit Score (PQAS). However, this method may be employed for organisations to monitor their raw material, work-in-process parts, and final product. It can be an indicator to monitor supplier quality behaviour.

As about 60% of finished price of goods are allocated to raw material and purchased parts by suppliers in the chain of automotive industry, the importance of supplier management and its performance is an ongoing problem. Moreover the need of monitoring of supplier performance has been emphasized in Quality Management System of automotive industry ISO/TS16949. To meet standard requirement and also continuous improvement in business, companies need to monitor their supplier performance. Delivery and quality are two of the most important indicators of supplier evaluation. This paper introduces a statistical approach to monitor supplier performance over time by using control charts. To monitor supplier delivery performance, a statistical control chart is developed based on conceptual model of how to implement in industry. Normality test is done on data and upper and lower control limits are calculated. Data gathered from supplier of a tier 1 company and out of control signals are recognized on chart. All out of control signals are removed from control chart and updated “In control” is obtained with improved mean and standard deviation. It can be employed in the industry and should result in improvement in supplier performance over time.

This paper focuses on data modeling for traceability of material/work flow in information layer of manufacturing control system. The model is able to trace all associated data throughout the product manufacturing from order to final product. Dynamic data processing of Quality and Purchase activities are considered in data modeling as well as Order and Operation base on lots particulars. The modeling consisted of four steps and integrated as one final model. Entity-Relationships Modeling as data modeling methodology is proposed. The model is reengineered with Toad Data Modeler software in physical modeling step. The developed model promises to handle fundamental issues of a traceability system effectively. It supports for customization and real-time control of material in flow in all levels of manufacturing processes. Through enhanced visibility and dynamic store/retrieval of data, all traceability usages and applications is responded. Designed solution is initially applicable as reference data model in identical lot-base traceability system.

The selection of a material for a specific engineering purpose is a lengthy and expensive process. Approximately always more than one material is suitable for an engineering application, and the final selection is a compromise that brings some advantages as well as disadvantages. One of the issues that emerges from this review is that regardless of the relation of design stages and process selection with material selection, screening and ranking are two vital steps in the material selection. A variety of quantitative selection procedures have been developed to solve this issue, so that a systematic evaluation can be made. This paper seeks to address the following questions: (1) what is the contribution of the literature in the field of screening and choosing the materials? (2) What are the methodologies/systems/tools for material selection of engineering components? (3) Which approaches were prevalently applied? (4) Is there any inadequacy of the approaches? This research not only provides evidence that the multi-criteria decision making approaches has the potential to greatly improve the material selection methodology, but also aids the researchers and decision makers in applying the approaches effectively.

This paper introduces a practical methodology of assign able signals and Run chart tests for identification of nonrandom patterns of supplier performance by statistical monitoring. The assumption of normal distribution is one of the important factors to implement a control chart in industry and service. It is supposed that natural data shows lack of any nonrandom pattern signals or out of control points on control chart. The data of supplier’s on-time delivery for automotive industry has been gathered and illustrated on control chart by employing appropriate transformation and assignable signals and run chart were tested on the control chart accordingly. The results show that tests were able to identify nonrandom patterns of supplier performance data. Out of control signals were removed from the control chart and show that on-time delivery performance was increased accordingly. The control chart with natural pattern can be used as pilot for monitoring supplier delivery over time and improve supplier delivery performance.

The quality of the raw material and supplied product from suppliers plays a critical role in the quality of the final product. It has become the norm that vehicle manufacturers require their suppliers to measure product quality and service with a product audit method. Measuring quality of product is emphasised by QS9000 VDA6.5 and ISO/TS16949. From a competitive standpoint, and also to see continuous improvement in business, companies need to monitor their suppliers performance. Quality and delivery are two very important indicators of supplier performance. This paper presents a statistical method for measuring the quality of supplied product. This method allocates different weights to variables and attributes characteristics. Moreover, following normal distribution, the tolerance zone is divided to three regions with different scores. Therefore, the quality of suppliers products can be monitored based on the Product Quality Audit Score (PQAS). However, this method may be employed for organisations to monitor their raw material, work-in-process parts, and final product. It can be an indicator to monitor supplier quality behaviour.