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The smallknob flathead, Thysanophrys papillaris Imamura et Knapp, 1999, is redescribed based on six specimens collected from southern Taiwan, which constitutes a northward range extension of the species [previously recorded from the Andaman, Timor, and Arafura seas (eastern Indian Ocean), and Nha Trang, Vietnam (western Pacific Ocean)]. Thysanophrys papillaris is distinguished from all congeneric species in having a combination of 11 second dorsal-fin rays, 12 anal-fin rays, 58-75 scale rows below the lateral line (slanting downward and forward), a longer snout (snout length / orbital diameter ratio 1.1-1.3), 1 or 2 small papillae on the eye, the upper iris lappet with short branches, a single preorbital spine and 3-5 suborbital spines. Previously suggested intraspecific variation in the number of eye papillae is confirmed.

The smallknob flathead, Thysanophrys papillaris Imamura et Knapp, 1999, is redescribed based on six specimens collected from southern Taiwan, which constitutes a northward range extension of the species [previously recorded from the Andaman, Timor, and Arafura seas (eastern Indian Ocean), and Nha Trang, Vietnam (western Pacific Ocean)]. Thysanophrys papillaris is distinguished from all congeneric species in having a combination of 11 second dorsal-fin rays, 12 anal-fin rays, 58-75 scale rows below the lateral line (slanting downward and forward), a longer snout (snout length / orbital diameter ratio 1.1-1.3), 1 or 2 small papillae on the eye, the upper iris lappet with short branches, a single preorbital spine and 3-5 suborbital spines. Previously suggested intraspecific variation in the number of eye papillae is confirmed.

The smallknob flathead, Thysanophrys papillaris Imamura et Knapp, 1999, is redescribed based on six specimens collected from southern Taiwan, which constitutes a northward range extension of the species [previously recorded from the Andaman, Timor, and Arafura seas (eastern Indian Ocean), and Nha Trang, Vietnam (western Pacific Ocean)]. Thysanophrys papillaris is distinguished from all congeneric species in having a combination of 11 second dorsal-fin rays, 12 anal-fin rays, 58-75 scale rows below the lateral line (slanting downward and forward), a longer snout (snout length / orbital diameter ratio 1.1-1.3), 1 or 2 small papillae on the eye, the upper iris lappet with short branches, a single preorbital spine and 3-5 suborbital spines. Previously suggested intraspecific variation in the number of eye papillae is confirmed.

Edited by Tomohiro Yoshida, Hiroyuki Motomura, Prachya Musikasinthor and Keiichi Matsuura, Authors: Hisashi Imamura, Satoshi Ishikawa, Seishi Kimura, B. Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto, Mizuki Matsunuma, Keiichi Matsuura, Hiroyuki Motomura, Prachya Musikasinthorn, Ukkrit Satapoomin, Koichi Shibukawa, Siti Tafzilmeriam bt. Sheikh Abdul Kadir, Tomohiro Yoshida and Yusri Yusuf, cover, title page, colophon, Preface, Editors, Authors, Contents, Introduction By Tomohiro Yoshida, [text], Scientific Name Index, backcover, identifier:cover, title page, colophon, identifier:preface, editors, authors, identifier:contents, identifier:introduction, identifier:p8-129, identifier:p130-234, identifier:scientific name index, identifier:backcover

A new hoplichthyid species, Hoplichthys mcgroutheri, is described on the basis of six specimens (188-244 mm standard length) collected off southwestern Australia. It is clearly distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays V-14; anal-fin rays 16-17, usually 16; pectoral-fin rays 13-14 + 4-5 = 17-18, usually 14 + 4 = 18; infraorbitals mostly spineless; scales present on dorsal surface of body; vomerine tooth patch constricted medially, mostly separating teeth into bilaterally symmetrical patches; interorbit narrow [interorbital width 5.8-6.8 % of head length (HL)]; and orbit relatively large (orbital diameter 41.8-44.9 % HL). The form of the vomerine tooth patch is unique to H. mcgroutheri in this genus.

A new hoplichthyid species, Hoplichthys mcgroutheri, is described on the basis of six specimens (188-244 mm standard length) collected off southwestern Australia. It is clearly distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays V-14; anal-fin rays 16-17, usually 16; pectoral-fin rays 13-14 + 4-5 = 17-18, usually 14 + 4 = 18; infraorbitals mostly spineless; scales present on dorsal surface of body; vomerine tooth patch constricted medially, mostly separating teeth into bilaterally symmetrical patches; interorbit narrow [interorbital width 5.8-6.8 % of head length (HL)]; and orbit relatively large (orbital diameter 41.8-44.9 % HL). The form of the vomerine tooth patch is unique to H. mcgroutheri in this genus.

A new hoplichthyid species, Hoplichthys mcgroutheri, is described on the basis of six specimens (188-244 mm standard length) collected off southwestern Australia. It is clearly distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays V-14; anal-fin rays 16-17, usually 16; pectoral-fin rays 13-14 + 4-5 = 17-18, usually 14 + 4 = 18; infraorbitals mostly spineless; scales present on dorsal surface of body; vomerine tooth patch constricted medially, mostly separating teeth into bilaterally symmetrical patches; interorbit narrow [interorbital width 5.8-6.8 % of head length (HL)]; and orbit relatively large (orbital diameter 41.8-44.9 % HL). The form of the vomerine tooth patch is unique to H. mcgroutheri in this genus.

Validity of a ghost flathead, Hoplichthys regani Jordan 1908, which has sometimes regarded as a junior synonym of Hoplichthys gilberti Jordan and Richardson 1908, was evaluated. We conclude that H. regani is a valid species from comparison of specimens of both species, including the name bearing types. Hoplichthys regani can be distinguished from H. gilberti by the length of the longest free pectoral fin ray and length of each dorsal fin spine in males. We also redescribe H. regani and discuss its authorship, following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

The phylogenetic relationships of Notacanthoidei were reassessed on the basis of osteological characters and the classification of the suborder reconstructed on the basis of inferred relationships. The monophyly of the suborder is supported by two synapomorphies commonly recognized in all included genera. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed support for the suborder by five synapomorphies characterized by reversals or character transformations. In addition, notacanthoids share five apomorphies, present also in Anguilliformes, which may prove to be valid synapomorphies for the former. A phylogenetic analysis based on characters in 30 transformation series resulted in a single most parsimonious tree, which indicated that Aldrovandia branched off initially from other notacanthoids, followed by Lipogenys, and Polyacanthonotus and Notacanthus, which share a sister relationship with each other. Based on the reconstructed relationships, Notacanthoidei is classified into two families, Holasauridae and Notacanthidae, the latter being separated into subfamilies Lipogenyinae and Notacanthinae. Such a classification of Notacanthoidei, recognizing Lipogeninae as a subfamily of Notacanthidae, has not been previously proposed.

Validity of a ghost flathead, Hoplichthys regani Jordan 1908, which has sometimes regarded as a junior synonym of Hoplichthys gilberti Jordan and Richardson 1908, was evaluated. We conclude that H. regani is a valid species from comparison of specimens of both species, including the name bearing types. Hoplichthys regani can be distinguished from H. gilberti by the length of the longest free pectoral fin ray and length of each dorsal fin spine in males. We also redescribe H. regani and discuss its authorship, following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

Validity of a ghost flathead, Hoplichthys regani Jordan 1908, which has sometimes regarded as a junior synonym of Hoplichthys gilberti Jordan and Richardson 1908, was evaluated. We conclude that H. regani is a valid species from comparison of specimens of both species, including the name bearing types. Hoplichthys regani can be distinguished from H. gilberti by the length of the longest free pectoral fin ray and length of each dorsal fin spine in males. We also redescribe H. regani and discuss its authorship, following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

Silurus imberbis Gmelin 1789 is a replacement name for Silurus inermis Houttuyn 1782, a primary junior homonym of Silurus inermis Linnaeus 1766. Although S. imberbis has recently been regarded as a junior synonym of Silurus asotus Linnaeus 1758, it is considered here to be conspecific with Inegocia japonica (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829), based on a comparison of the original description of S. inermis Houttuyn with specimens of I. japonica. Although S. imberbis has priority over I. japonica, an argument for a "reversal of precedence" of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is presented, establishing I. japonica as the valid name for the species. Although "Platycephalus inermis Jordan and Evermann 1902" has been regarded as an available name, it is not considered to be available.

Silurus imberbis Gmelin 1789 is a replacement name for Silurus inermis Houttuyn 1782, a primary junior homonym of Silurus inermis Linnaeus 1766. Although S. imberbis has recently been regarded as a junior synonym of Silurus asotus Linnaeus 1758, it is considered here to be conspecific with Inegocia japonica (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829), based on a comparison of the original description of S. inermis Houttuyn with specimens of I. japonica. Although S. imberbis has priority over I. japonica, an argument for a "reversal of precedence" of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is presented, establishing I. japonica as the valid name for the species. Although "Platycephalus inermis Jordan and Evermann 1902" has been regarded as an available name, it is not considered to be available.

Silurus imberbis Gmelin 1789 is a replacement name for Silurus inermis Houttuyn 1782, a primary junior homonym of Silurus inermis Linnaeus 1766. Although S. imberbis has recently been regarded as a junior synonym of Silurus asotus Linnaeus 1758, it is considered here to be conspecific with Inegocia japonica (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829), based on a comparison of the original description of S. inermis Houttuyn with specimens of I. japonica. Although S. imberbis has priority over I. japonica, an argument for a "reversal of precedence" of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is presented, establishing I. japonica as the valid name for the species. Although "Platycephalus inermis Jordan and Evermann 1902" has been regarded as an available name, it is not considered to be available.

There are no significant morphological differences between the four syntypes of the pinguipedid sandperch Percis caudimaculatum Haly, 1875 and the holotype of Parapercis ommatura Jordan and Snyder, 1902. The former nominal taxon is thus a subjective senior synonym of the latter, but it is also a junior homonym of Percis caudimaculata Rüppell, 1838, and thus invalid. In addition, Rüppell's taxon, now assigned to the genus Parapercis, has been recognized as a junior synonym of Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Parapercis ommatura, being the first available junior synonym of Parapercis caudimaculata (Haly, 1875), becomes the valid name for the species.

There are no significant morphological differences between the four syntypes of the pinguipedid sandperch Percis caudimaculatum Haly, 1875 and the holotype of Parapercis ommatura Jordan and Snyder, 1902. The former nominal taxon is thus a subjective senior synonym of the latter, but it is also a junior homonym of Percis caudimaculata Rüppell, 1838, and thus invalid. In addition, Rüppell's taxon, now assigned to the genus Parapercis, has been recognized as a junior synonym of Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Parapercis ommatura, being the first available junior synonym of Parapercis caudimaculata (Haly, 1875), becomes the valid name for the species.

There are no significant morphological differences between the four syntypes of the pinguipedid sandperch Percis caudimaculatum Haly, 1875 and the holotype of Parapercis ommatura Jordan and Snyder, 1902. The former nominal taxon is thus a subjective senior synonym of the latter, but it is also a junior homonym of Percis caudimaculata Rüppell, 1838, and thus invalid. In addition, Rüppell's taxon, now assigned to the genus Parapercis, has been recognized as a junior synonym of Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Parapercis ommatura, being the first available junior synonym of Parapercis caudimaculata (Haly, 1875), becomes the valid name for the species.

The taxonomic characters of the marbled flathead, Platycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908, are described and evaluated. In addition to the marbled body and dark brown to black caudal fin, the following combination of characters separates it from the other 14 species of the genus Platycephalus: 13 second dorsal and anal fin rays; 63-70 scales in the lateral line, with all pored scales lacking spines; snout and interorbit naked; no strong canine teeth on the jaws, palatines, and vomer; interopercular flap absent; and skinny sensory tubes on the suborbitals and preopercle partially covering the cheek region. It has been confirmed that the type series of the species was composed of the holotype and one paratype, although the paratype is presumably no longer extant.

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A new aploactinid fish, Cocotropus roseomaculatus sp. nov., is described from a single specimen collected in coastal waters of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, western Indian Ocean. The new species differs from its congeners in having the following combination of characters: 12 dorsal fin spines, 13 pectoral fin rays, 26 vertebrae in total, four dorsal spines anterior to the third neural spine, no papillae on the posterior portion of the maxilla, the first pair of sensory pores of the lower jaw contralaterally fused, the isthmus tip almost reaching to the fifth sensory pore of the lower jaw, no vomerine teeth, the upper jaw longer than the lachrymal, five preopercular spines, lower jaw papillae weakly developed, and pinkish spots on body and fins.

A new aploactinid fish, Cocotropus roseomaculatus sp. nov., is described from a single specimen collected in coastal waters of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, western Indian Ocean. The new species differs from its congeners in having the following combination of characters: 12 dorsal fin spines, 13 pectoral fin rays, 26 vertebrae in total, four dorsal spines anterior to the third neural spine, no papillae on the posterior portion of the maxilla, the first pair of sensory pores of the lower jaw contralaterally fused, the isthmus tip almost reaching to the fifth sensory pore of the lower jaw, no vomerine teeth, the upper jaw longer than the lachrymal, five preopercular spines, lower jaw papillae weakly developed, and pinkish spots on body and fins.

A new aploactinid fish, Cocotropus roseomaculatus sp. nov., is described from a single specimen collected in coastal waters of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, western Indian Ocean. The new species differs from its congeners in having the following combination of characters: 12 dorsal fin spines, 13 pectoral fin rays, 26 vertebrae in total, four dorsal spines anterior to the third neural spine, no papillae on the posterior portion of the maxilla, the first pair of sensory pores of the lower jaw contralaterally fused, the isthmus tip almost reaching to the fifth sensory pore of the lower jaw, no vomerine teeth, the upper jaw longer than the lachrymal, five preopercular spines, lower jaw papillae weakly developed, and pinkish spots on body and fins.

The genus Sunagocia is established as a replacement name for the platycephalid fish genus Eurycephalus Imamura, 1996, which is preoccupied by the cerambycid beetle genus Eurycephalus Gray in Cuvier and Griffith, 1832. The genus currently contains three valid species : S. arenicola (Schultz, 1966), comb, nov., S. carbunculus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833), comb, nov., and S. otaitensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829), comb. nov. It is confirmed that Cuvier satisfied the nomenclatural requirements for availability of this last species, although several investigators have attributed the name to Parkinson, who made the unpublished drawing of S. otaitensis used in its original description and named the species. Two measurements, of head length and especially interorbital width, are helpful in distinguishing S. carbunculus, S. arenicola, and S. otaitensis from each other.