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The study examined the strength of personal attributes and demographics in predicting school burnout among graduating students. The research was a survey which adopted a cross-sectional design. Three hundred participants comprising 143 male and 157 female graduating students were purposively sampled using simple balloting. The sample was selected from five academic faculties in a public university in southwest Nigeria. Questionnaires administered on participants contained scales that measured school burnout, academic self-efficacy, perception of teacher support, sex and age. The study predicted that personal attributes and demographics will significantly influence school burnout. The hypothesis was confirmed as predicted as result showed significant joint influence of academic self-efficacy, perception of teacher support, sex and age on school burnout. Academic self-efficacy had significant independent contribution to school burnout, while the contribution of other factors was not significant. The study concludes that academic self-efficacy is the main predictor of school burnout in the sample surveyed. The finding implied that self-efficacy should be emphasized more in school burnout management. In other words, school burnout prevention, treatment and intervention should incorporate specialized training to enhance academic self-efficacy among graduating students.

Climate change has been one of the most-threatening environmental disaster in our present generation due to its detrimental effects manifesting in short-term and long-term consequences such as floods and gradual degradation of the environment. In Nigeria, the impacts of climate change is more devastating because some age groups and gender are more vulnerable to climate change risks particularly in tertiary institutions. This upsurge is partly due to attitudinal dispositions. This present study examines the role of gender and age in determining attitudes toward climate change of a Nigerian university student's population. Descriptive survey research design was used to conduct this study with a sample of 203 students in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, South-western Nigeria, comprising (57.1%) males, and (42.9%) females (Mean age =23.6years, SD=5.2). Data were collected using Socio-Demographic Questisonnaire (SDQ), and Climate Change Attitudes Survey (CCAS).The results suggest that 45.8% of participants reported that human activities cause global climate change. Gender had no significant influence on attitudes toward climate change. (t (201)=.867, p>.05). The result also showed that age significantly influenced attitudes toward climate change (F(2,177) =3.440, p,<0.05). These findings have implications for climate change action plan in Nigeria.

Antenatal care (ANC) utilization is lower in Nigeria than the African average. We investigated the relationship between wealth and utilization of ANC and also assessed other determinants associated with ANC utilization in Nigeria. Using data of the most recent births within 5 years prior to a 2012 nationally representative survey, we modeled predictors of ANC utilization. Respondents in the wealthiest quintile were over five times (aOR = 5.5 (95% CI: 4.2-7.2) more likely to adequately use ANC. The odds of ANC use were generally lower among the poor and the least educated women living in rural areas who need ANC the most.

We investigated the direct and interaction influence of maternal age, breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE), health locus of control (HLOC) on six dimensions of psychological wellbeing of breastfeeding mothers in Lagos, Nigeria. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 291 mothers attending health facilities in two suburb local government areas. The survey included socio-demographics (maternal age, marital status, ethnicity, education level and position of the baby currently breastfeeding), breastfeeding self-efficacy, health locus of control and psychological wellbeing scales. Independent variables were tested against sense of autonomy, positive relations with others, purpose in life, self-acceptance, environmental mastery and personal growth using factorial Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Results showed direct influence of BSE, HLOC and maternal age on various dimensions of psychological wellbeing. Interaction influences indicate BSE and HLOC on environmental mastery; BSE and maternal age on self-acceptance and HLOC and maternal age on sense of autonomy, positive relationship with others and self-acceptance respectively. In conclusion, maternal age, breastfeeding self-efficacy and health locus of control are vital for mothers to enjoy plenty dimensions of psychological wellbeing. Breastfeeding mothers need to be confident in their abilities to breastfeed and have control over their health-related behaviour in order to enjoy sufficient dimensions of psychological wellbeing.

The study investigates the direct influence of gender, self-esteem and health locus of control on life satisfaction among retirees in two states in the South-western part of Nigeria. Using ex-post facto research design, 592 retirees conveniently completed copies of a questionnaire that comprised demographics and measures of variables of interest. Three hypotheses were tested by t-test for independent groups. Self-esteem significantly influenced life satisfaction t(590) = 3.39, p<.05. Similarly, health locus of control significantly influenced life satisfaction t(590) = 3.87, p<.05. However, no significant influence of gender on life satisfaction t(590) = 0.08, p>.05. Living a more satisfied life in retirement is a function of having positive self-regards or being responsible for health-related behaviour. Harnessing the influencing variables may help in the provision of self-development programmes, therefore ensuring care and support for retirees to enjoy and live a fulfilled life after selfless service to their nation.

Climate change has been one of the most-threatening environmental disaster in our present generation due to its detrimental effects manifesting in short-term and long-term consequences such as floods and gradual degradation of the environment. In Nigeria, the impacts of climate change is more devastating because some age groups and gender are more vulnerable to climate change risks particularly in tertiary institutions. This upsurge is partly due to attitudinal dispositions. This present study examines the role of gender and age in determining attitudes toward climate change of a Nigerian university student's population. Descriptive survey research design was used to conduct this study with a sample of 203 students in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, South-western Nigeria, comprising (57.1%) males, and (42.9%) females (Mean age =23.6years, SD=5.2). Data were collected using Socio-Demographic Questisonnaire (SDQ), and Climate Change Attitudes Survey (CCAS).The results suggest that 45.8% of participants reported that human activities cause global climate change. Gender had no significant influence on attitudes toward climate change. (t (201)=.867, p>.05). The result also showed that age significantly influenced attitudes toward climate change (F(2,177) =3.440, p,<0.05). These findings have implications for climate change action plan in Nigeria.

The study investigated academic self-confidence effects on test anxiety indicators of performance impairment and intrusive worry. Respondents were 206 Nigerian undergraduate students (mean age = 20.29, SD = 2. 22; female = 43.2%). The students took the Westside Test Anxiety Scale (Driscoll, 2004) and the Academic Self-confidence Scale (Jones, 2001). Data were analysed to predict performance impairment and intrusive worry from academic self-confidence, taking into account students' year of study and gender. Results suggest that academic self-confidence influenced both performance impairment and intrusive worry dimensions of test anxiety. Students who were high in academic self-confidence reported lower performance impairment or intrusive worry. Also, first year students reported higher intrusive worry than those in second, third, or fourth year of study. High manifestation of academic self-confidence is an asset for coping with test anxiety.

Antenatal care (ANC) utilization is lower in Nigeria than the African average. We investigated the relationship between wealth and utilization of ANC and also assessed other determinants associated with ANC utilization in Nigeria. Using data of the most recent births within 5 years prior to a 2012 nationally representative survey, we modeled predictors of ANC utilization. Respondents in the wealthiest quintile were over five times (aOR = 5.5 (95% CI: 4.2-7.2) more likely to adequately use ANC. The odds of ANC use were generally lower among the poor and the least educated women living in rural areas who need ANC the most.

The study examined the strength of personal attributes and demographics in predicting school burnout among graduating students. The research was a survey which adopted a cross-sectional design. Three hundred participants comprising 143 male and 157 female graduating students were purposively sampled using simple balloting. The sample was selected from five academic faculties in a public university in southwest Nigeria. Questionnaires administered on participants contained scales that measured school burnout, academic self-efficacy, perception of teacher support, sex and age. The study predicted that personal attributes and demographics will significantly influence school burnout. The hypothesis was confirmed as predicted as result showed significant joint influence of academic self-efficacy, perception of teacher support, sex and age on school burnout. Academic self-efficacy had significant independent contribution to school burnout, while the contribution of other factors was not significant. The study concludes that academic self-efficacy is the main predictor of school burnout in the sample surveyed. The finding implied that self-efficacy should be emphasized more in school burnout management. In other words, school burnout prevention, treatment and intervention should incorporate specialized training to enhance academic self-efficacy among graduating students.

We investigated the direct and interaction influence of maternal age, breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE), health locus of control (HLOC) on six dimensions of psychological wellbeing of breastfeeding mothers in Lagos, Nigeria. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 291 mothers attending health facilities in two suburb local government areas. The survey included socio-demographics (maternal age, marital status, ethnicity, education level and position of the baby currently breastfeeding), breastfeeding self-efficacy, health locus of control and psychological wellbeing scales. Independent variables were tested against sense of autonomy, positive relations with others, purpose in life, self-acceptance, environmental mastery and personal growth using factorial Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Results showed direct influence of BSE, HLOC and maternal age on various dimensions of psychological wellbeing. Interaction influences indicate BSE and HLOC on environmental mastery; BSE and maternal age on self-acceptance and HLOC and maternal age on sense of autonomy, positive relationship with others and self-acceptance respectively. In conclusion, maternal age, breastfeeding self-efficacy and health locus of control are vital for mothers to enjoy plenty dimensions of psychological wellbeing. Breastfeeding mothers need to be confident in their abilities to breastfeed and have control over their health-related behaviour in order to enjoy sufficient dimensions of psychological wellbeing.

This study examined sex and age differences in social withdrawal among 240 (135 males and 105 females) pre-service teachers in a Nigerian university. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data on social withdrawal and some demographic factors. Respondents were systematically randomly selected for the study. Demographic characteristics revealed 170 (70.8%) Christians, 47 (19.6%) Muslims and 22 (9.2%) traditionalists. Participants' ages ranged between 15-30 years, with a mean age of 20 years. Data collected was analysed with version 17 of SPSS software using t-test and 2x3 ANOVA. The results show participants were generally high on social withdrawal and there was neither a significant independent sex difference, nor interactive influence of sex and age on social withdrawal (p > .05). However, there was a significant influence of age on social withdrawal (p = .018), as participants within the ages of 21-25years were shown to be higher on social withdrawal. It was concluded that social withdrawal is an observable psychological manifestation among pre-service teachers and if not attended to, these pre-service teachers may become negative role models to their students who may end up becoming unsociable, unassertive and maladjusted individuals who may not be able to make meaningful, positive contribution in the society in which they live.

Correctional work is stressful, and the job of correctional officers, in particular, has been rated as one of the most stressful of all occupations. Closely connected to the level of work related-stress is the psycho-socio-emotional well-being of individuals in high-stress occupations. This study investigated gender differences in psychological well-being and socio-emotional needs among men 146 (65.8%) aged 25 to 64 years with a mean of 39.02 years (SD = 8.38) and women 76 (34.2%) aged 22 to 61 years with a mean of 38.78 years (SD = 7.80) correctional personnel in Nigeria. The t test for independent sample results reveal no significant gender differences on most aspects of psycho-socio-emotional well-being autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, self-acceptance, as well as needs for support and affiliation. The findings imply that gender differences in psycho-socio-emotional well-being are decreasing over time. Therefore, in designing future policies and interventions for dealing with psycho-socio-emotional well-being of employees, managers and other stakeholders should not be concerned with gender differences but to focus on improving the psycho-socio-emotional well-being of all employees.

The study examined the association between gender, self-efficacy, extroversion and attitudes toward knowledge sharing among 157 male and 135 female senior administrators in a Nigerian university. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was used to collect data on self-efficacy, extroversion and attitudes toward knowledge sharing. The results show that there was a significant main influence of self-efficacy p< .001, extroversion p< .041 and gender p< .033 on attitudes toward knowledge sharing. The results imply that these factors are associated with attitudes toward knowledge sharing of senior administrators. Development workshops to improve social skills, belief about capabilities and management trainings on how to be a team player will prove helpful to human resource practitioners interested in developing more favourable attitudes toward knowledge sharing among male and female senior administrators.

The job demands–resources model attributed burnout to incompatibility between job demands and job resources, and underplayed the role of personal resources in employees’ adaptation. Based on the Conservation of Resources Theory, this study proposes the inclusion of personal resources as predictors of burnout. A cross-sectional survey design was employed to gather data from 256 paramilitary personnel in Nigeria. Participants’ ages ranged from 19 to 65 years (M = 35.03 years, standard deviation [SD] = 8.55 years). Data were collected using measures of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, organization-based self-esteem, optimism, and burnout. Results confirmed the joint influence of psychological resources on burnout. Emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, organization-based self-esteem, optimism, and tenure were found to have a significant influence on burnout. The findings suggest that organizations should be able to minimize burnout among their employees by increasing their adaptive capacities through appropriate training and development workshops.

This study investigated the nature and extent of the associations between demographic variables and acculturative stress of African migrants in Germany with the premise that living in Germany would be stressful for Africans. Data from 85 migrants from the general population and prisons showed that 73.4% were males and 26.6% females with age ranging from 18 to 46 years. Participants completed the MAQ used in assessing acculturative stress. Results from hierarchical regression analysis showed that: majority of Africans reported racial discrimination, negative situation, a precarious job and a huge volume of daily hassles as predominant problems experienced in Germany. Acculturative stress increased with duration of stay in Germany. Family fragmentation and being separated from one’s spouse was a strong predictor of acculturative stress. Being an economic refugee was also associated with acculturative stress. Recommendations were made in the light of the conclusions made in the study.

The study was carried out to explore the role of attitudes towards marriage on the sexual behaviour of female raised by single mothers and those raised by both parents. The study utilised a quantitative approach, with a cross sectional design Data were collected from a purposively sampled group of 300 (150 for females raised by single mothers and those raised by both parents respectively). The ages of participants ranged from 18-24 years. The results revealed a significant mean difference in birth control among females who have been raised by single mothers as compared to those who are raised by both parents (t = -2.765; df =298, p <.01). There was also an indication of a significant mean difference between permissiveness of females raised by single mothers and for those raised by both parents. In conclusion, the results of this study open up an avenue for future studies that can explore other variables such as personality factors, emotional factors which can be as a result of being raised by single mothers.

This study examined sex and age differences in social withdrawal among 240 (135 males and 105 females) pre-service teachers in a Nigerian university. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data on social withdrawal and some demographic factors. Respondents were systematically randomly selected for the study. Demographic characteristics revealed 170 (70.8%) Christians, 47 (19.6%) Muslims and 22 (9.2%) traditionalists. Participants' ages ranged between 15-30 years, with a mean age of 20 years. Data collected was analysed with version 17 of SPSS software using t-test and 2x3 ANOVA. The results show participants were generally high on social withdrawal and there was neither a significant independent sex difference, nor interactive influence of sex and age on social withdrawal (p > .05). However, there was a significant influence of age on social withdrawal (p = .018), as participants within the ages of 21-25years were shown to be higher on social withdrawal. It was concluded that social withdrawal is an observable psychological manifestation among pre-service teachers and if not attended to, these pre-service teachers may become negative role models to their students who may end up becoming unsociable, unassertive and maladjusted individuals who may not be able to make meaningful, positive contribution in the society in which they live.

The study explored the influence of age and gender on the psychological well-being of people living with HIV/AIDS. Using a cross-sectional design, two hundred males and females drawn from Polokwane/Mankweng Hospital complex in Limpopo Province, South Africa, participated in the study. Participants were women 124 (62%) and men 75 (37, 5%) with ages ranging from 20 to 71 years with a mean age of 43.70 (SD = 12.42). Data were collected using a questionnaire that measured the demographic variables and psychological well-being. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. Results revealed a significant influence of age F (4, 198) = 2,361; p < .05 on psychological well-being but there was no significant influence of gender on psychological well-being. The finding of the study concluded that age influence the psychological well-being of PLWHA. It is therefore recommended that social support groups' intervention accommodates different age and gender groups.

Correctional work is stressful, and the job of correctional officers, in particular, has been rated as one of the most stressful of all occupations. Closely connected to the level of work related-stress is the psycho-socio-emotional well-being of individuals in high-stress occupations. This study investigated gender differences in psychological well-being and socio-emotional needs among men 146 (65.8%) aged 25 to 64 years with a mean of 39.02 years (SD = 8.38) and women 76 (34.2%) aged 22 to 61 years with a mean of 38.78 years (SD = 7.80) correctional personnel in Nigeria. The t test for independent sample results reveal no significant gender differences on most aspects of psycho-socio-emotional well-being autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, self-acceptance, as well as needs for support and affiliation. The findings imply that gender differences in psycho-socio-emotional well-being are decreasing over time. Therefore, in designing future policies and interventions for dealing with psycho-socio-emotional well-being of employees, managers and other stakeholders should not be concerned with gender differences but to focus on improving the psycho-socio-emotional well-being of all employees.

This study examined sex and age differences in social withdrawal among 240 (135 males and 105 females) pre-service teachers in a Nigerian university. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data on social withdrawal and some demographic factors. Respondents were systematically randomly selected for the study. Demographic characteristics revealed 170 (70.8%) Christians, 47 (19.6%) Muslims and 22 (9.2%) traditionalists. Participants' ages ranged between 15-30 years, with a mean age of 20 years. Data collected was analysed with version 17 of SPSS software using t-test and 2x3 ANOVA. The results show participants were generally high on social withdrawal and there was neither a significant independent sex difference, nor interactive influence of sex and age on social withdrawal (p > .05). However, there was a significant influence of age on social withdrawal (p = .018), as participants within the ages of 21-25years were shown to be higher on social withdrawal. It was concluded that social withdrawal is an observable psychological manifestation among pre-service teachers and if not attended to, these pre-service teachers may become negative role models to their students who may end up becoming unsociable, unassertive and maladjusted individuals who may not be able to make meaningful, positive contribution in the society in which they live.

This study examined sex and age differences in social withdrawal among 240 (135 males and 105 females) pre-service teachers in a Nigerian university. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data on social withdrawal and some demographic factors. Respondents were systematically randomly selected for the study. Demographic characteristics revealed 170 (70.8%) Christians, 47 (19.6%) Muslims and 22 (9.2%) traditionalists. Participants' ages ranged between 15-30 years, with a mean age of 20 years. Data collected was analysed with version 17 of SPSS software using t-test and 2x3 ANOVA. The results show participants were generally high on social withdrawal and there was neither a significant independent sex difference, nor interactive influence of sex and age on social withdrawal (p > .05). However, there was a significant influence of age on social withdrawal (p = .018), as participants within the ages of 21-25years were shown to be higher on social withdrawal. It was concluded that social withdrawal is an observable psychological manifestation among pre-service teachers and if not attended to, these pre-service teachers may become negative role models to their students who may end up becoming unsociable, unassertive and maladjusted individuals who may not be able to make meaningful, positive contribution in the society in which they live.

The study was carried out to explore the role of attitudes towards marriage on the sexual behaviour of female raised by single mothers and those raised by both parents. The study utilised a quantitative approach, with a cross sectional design Data were collected from a purposively sampled group of 300 (150 for females raised by single mothers and those raised by both parents respectively). The ages of participants ranged from 18-24 years. The results revealed a significant mean difference in birth control among females who have been raised by single mothers as compared to those who are raised by both parents (t = -2.765; df =298, p <.01). There was also an indication of a significant mean difference between permissiveness of females raised by single mothers and for those raised by both parents. In conclusion, the results of this study open up an avenue for future studies that can explore other variables such as personality factors, emotional factors which can be as a result of being raised by single mothers.

The job demands–resources model attributed burnout to incompatibility between job demands and job resources, and underplayed the role of personal resources in employees’ adaptation. Based on the Conservation of Resources Theory, this study proposes the inclusion of personal resources as predictors of burnout. A cross-sectional survey design was employed to gather data from 256 paramilitary personnel in Nigeria. Participants’ ages ranged from 19 to 65 years (M = 35.03 years, standard deviation [SD] = 8.55 years). Data were collected using measures of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, organization-based self-esteem, optimism, and burnout. Results confirmed the joint influence of psychological resources on burnout. Emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, organization-based self-esteem, optimism, and tenure were found to have a significant influence on burnout. The findings suggest that organizations should be able to minimize burnout among their employees by increasing their adaptive capacities through appropriate training and development workshops.

The study examined the association between gender, self-efficacy, extroversion and attitudes toward knowledge sharing among 157 male and 135 female senior administrators in a Nigerian university. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was used to collect data on self-efficacy, extroversion and attitudes toward knowledge sharing. The results show that there was a significant main influence of self-efficacy p< .001, extroversion p< .041 and gender p< .033 on attitudes toward knowledge sharing. The results imply that these factors are associated with attitudes toward knowledge sharing of senior administrators. Development workshops to improve social skills, belief about capabilities and management trainings on how to be a team player will prove helpful to human resource practitioners interested in developing more favourable attitudes toward knowledge sharing among male and female senior administrators.

This study investigated the nature and extent of the associations between demographic variables and acculturative stress of African migrants in Germany with the premise that living in Germany would be stressful for Africans. Data from 85 migrants from the general population and prisons showed that 73.4% were males and 26.6% females with age ranging from 18 to 46 years. Participants completed the MAQ used in assessing acculturative stress. Results from hierarchical regression analysis showed that: majority of Africans reported racial discrimination, negative situation, a precarious job and a huge volume of daily hassles as predominant problems experienced in Germany. Acculturative stress increased with duration of stay in Germany. Family fragmentation and being separated from one’s spouse was a strong predictor of acculturative stress. Being an economic refugee was also associated with acculturative stress. Recommendations were made in the light of the conclusions made in the study.

The study explored the influence of age and gender on the psychological well-being of people living with HIV/AIDS. Using a cross-sectional design, two hundred males and females drawn from Polokwane/Mankweng Hospital complex in Limpopo Province, South Africa, participated in the study. Participants were women 124 (62%) and men 75 (37, 5%) with ages ranging from 20 to 71 years with a mean age of 43.70 (SD = 12.42). Data were collected using a questionnaire that measured the demographic variables and psychological well-being. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. Results revealed a significant influence of age F (4, 198) = 2,361; p < .05 on psychological well-being but there was no significant influence of gender on psychological well-being. The finding of the study concluded that age influence the psychological well-being of PLWHA. It is therefore recommended that social support groups' intervention accommodates different age and gender groups.

OBJECTIVE: This paper is a report of 4 published papers on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS)/posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and traumas experienced by homeless Zimbabwean refugees living in South Africa. The general purpose of the papers was to explore how pre- and postmigration difficulties predicts posttraumatic stress symptoms/disorder; to understand gender differences in PTSS/PTSD reports using quantitative and qualitative approaches; and finally, to understand the nature of abuses, perpetrators, and sex of perpetrators. METHOD: Through focused group discussions (FGD)s, structured in-depth interviews, data were collected from 125 randomly selected homeless Zimbabwean refugees in Polokwane, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Age of participants ranged from 18 years to 48 years with a mean age of 28.3 years (SD = 6.27). Participants were assessed on demographic variables, Pre- and Post-Migration Difficulties Checklists, General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28), and PTSD Checklist (Civilian Version; PCL-C). RESULTS: Results (Paper 1) indicated that a majority of the participants were significantly traumatized and pre- and postmigration traumas contributed to PTSS and PTSD. The qualitative study (Paper 2) overwhelmingly shared similar experiences that could be temporally framed into pre-, mid-, and postmigration. Many of the challenging sociocultural, structural, and institutional factors that they experienced were seen across all the migration stages. In Paper 3, results of a structural equation model (SEM) showed that none of the 3 paths (pre- and postmigration stress and poor mental health) on PTSD is significant for men whereas for women, the path from poor mental health to PTSD (? = .36, p = .013) is significant. Finally the fourth paper showed that rape and sexual harassment were common abuses. Perpetrators were mainly single male border and police officers. CONCLUSION: The Zimbabwean refugees were found to constitute a particularly vulnerable group to

The relationships among adjustment, psychological well-being, and the mental health of first year students in a South African university were assessed. We also determined if relationships differed between male and female students. Using a quantitative survey research design, 300 (Female = 219, Mean age = 20.66, SD = 2.54) students from a university in South Africa participated in the study using a convenient sampling strategy. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The model hypothesizing that adjustment and psychological well-being will predict mental health was supported. While the data fit the hypothesized model well, psychological adjustment, application adjustment, and college adjustment were significant predictors of anxiety, depression, and social dysfunction. Also, psychological well-being was a significant predictor of depression, anxiety, and social dysfunction. Two paths (college adjustment and anxiety, and psychological well-being and social dysfunction) were significantly different for both sexes.

Background: Universally, nurses have been reported to be a group at high risk of workplace stress. However, nurses' responses to stressful situations at work could be the outcomes of individual differences and organisational factors. Objectives: We examined the independent and joint contributions of four dimensions of emotional intelligence and perceived organisational support in work stress of nurses in a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey research design, which selected 228 (41 male and 187 female nurses) nurses through the use of convenience sampling. Questionnaires comprising demographics with work stress, organisational support and emotional intelligence scales were administered to the sampled 228 nurses in the study. Data were analysed with the use of correlational matrix and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Self-emotion appraisal, others' emotion appraisal, use of emotion, regulation of emotion and perceived organisational support were found to have joint contributions to explaining work stress among nurses. Others' emotion appraisal, use of emotion and perceived organisational support were found to have independent relationships with work stress. Conclusion: Our findings stress that judgement of others' emotions, accurate use of emotion by nurses and support from management of the hospital are most important in explaining their reactions towards work-related stress.

The study investigated the mediating role of perceived control in the association between religiosity and quality of life among young adults in south-west Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 1 050 young adults (mean age = 29.8, SD = 4.61; female = 38.7%). Regression analysis was utilised to predict quality of life from religiosity, partialling out perceived control. Findings suggest internal religiosity to predict an environmental domain of quality of life through perceived control. Perceived constraints appear to explain the association between internal religiosity and the environmental domain of quality of life.

The study examined religiosity, gender and educational attainment as predictors of drug abuse in South Africa. Cross-sectional data from 2015 South Africa General Household survey was used for the study. Data was analyzed on 47,275 respondents ages 18 to 114 years. The mean age of the respondents was 40.3 (SD = 16.42). Results showed that religiosity has significant effect on drug abuse X2 (df = 3) = 37.81, p<.001. Results further showed that gender has asignificant effect on drug abuse X2 (df = 3) = 26.77, p<.001. Finally, the outcome of the study showed that educational attainment has asignificant effect on drug abuse X2 (df = 3) = 14.13, p<.001. The result of the logistic regression showed that the hazard rate for the males was higher than that of the females. It was also revealed that as educational attainment increases, hazard rate for drug abuse decreases. The result further showed the hazard rate for the religious respondents to be lower compared to that of the non-religious respondents. As a conclusion, we recommend that drug abuse can be controlled by encouraging more religious practices, make education more accessible and affordable and controlthe accessibility/availabilityof drugs of abuse, especially among the males citizens.

Background: Globally, individuals' self-assessment of vulnerability to HIV infection is important to maintain safer sexual behaviour and reduce risky behaviours. However, determinants of self-perceived risk of HIV infection are not well documented and differ. We assessed the level of self-perceived vulnerability to HIV infection in Nigeria and also identified its risk factors. Methods: We explored a recent nationally representative data with self-reported vulnerability ('high', 'low' and 'no risk at all') to HIV infection as the outcome of interest. Data were weighted and association between the outcomes and the risk factors determined. We used simple ordered logit regression to model relationship between the outcome variable and risk factors, and controlled for the significant variables in multiple ordered logistic regression at 5% significance level. Results: About 74% had good knowledge of HIV transmission and 6% had experienced STI recently. The likelihood of assessing oneself as having 'no risk at all' was 50% and for 'high chances' was 1.6%. Selfperceived high risk of HIV was higher among those who recently experienced STI (5.6%) than those who did not (1.7%), and also higher among those who recently engaged in transactional sex and had multiple sexual partners. The odds of good knowledge of HIV transmission on high self-perceived vulnerability to HIV was 19% higher than poor knowledge (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12-1.27). Also, respondents who recently had multiple sexual partners were 72% (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.60-1.86) more likely to report self as having high risk. Younger respondents aged 14-19 years had higher odds of 41% (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.29-1.55) to perceive self as having high vulnerability to HIV than older respondents. Conclusion: High vulnerability to HIV infection was reported among younger respondents, those with history of STIS and those who engage in multiple sexual relations. Despite high level of risky sexual behaviour and good knowledge of HIV

The present study examined the influence of socio-economic and socio-demographic factors on the quality of life (QoL) of young adults in south west Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was employed to select 1050 young adults with age ranges from 20 years to 40 years (x age = 29.78, ?? = 4.61) that participated in the study. Results revealed a non-significant main effect of Educational Attainment (EA), F(4, 1040) = .95, p = ns, ?p 2 = .004; and Employment Status (ES), F(1, 1040) = .32, p = ns, ?p 2 = .000 on Quality of life (QoL), and non-significant interaction effect between EA and ES, F(4, 1040), = .47, p = ns, ?p 2 = .002. Results futher showed a a non-significant main effect of Religious Affiliation (RA), F (2, 1042) = .96, p =.ns, ?p 2 = .002 and Marital Status (MS) F(2, 1042) = .65, p>.05, ?p 2 = .001 on QoL. Finally, there was no significant interaction effect between RA and MS, F(3, 1042) = .94, p = ns, ?p 2 = .003. Based on the outcome of this study, appropriate recommendations were suggested.

This study sought to characterise lifestyle factors of trust and caution among South African university students (n = 196; females = 78.06%; median age = 21 years). The students completed an online survey on trustworthiness in cultural context. The data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to construct pathways among the trust and caution with social cynicism, and tolerance for ambiguity. Results indicate social cynicism to predict generalised caution, but not generalised trust. Tolerance for ambiguity was not a significant predictor of generalised trust, nor of generalised caution.

The present study examined the influence of socio-economic and socio-demographic factors on the quality of life (QoL) of young adults in south west Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was employed to select 1050 young adults with age ranges from 20 years to 40 years (x age = 29.78, ?? = 4.61) that participated in the study. Results revealed a non-significant main effect of Educational Attainment (EA), F(4, 1040) = .95, p = ns, ?p 2 = .004; and Employment Status (ES), F(1, 1040) = .32, p = ns, ?p 2 = .000 on Quality of life (QoL), and non-significant interaction effect between EA and ES, F(4, 1040), = .47, p = ns, ?p 2 = .002. Results futher showed a a non-significant main effect of Religious Affiliation (RA), F (2, 1042) = .96, p =.ns, ?p 2 = .002 and Marital Status (MS) F(2, 1042) = .65, p>.05, ?p 2 = .001 on QoL. Finally, there was no significant interaction effect between RA and MS, F(3, 1042) = .94, p = ns, ?p 2 = .003. Based on the outcome of this study, appropriate recommendations were suggested.

The relationships among adjustment, psychological well-being, and the mental health of first year students in a South African university were assessed. We also determined if relationships differed between male and female students. Using a quantitative survey research design, 300 (Female = 219, Mean age = 20.66, SD = 2.54) students from a university in South Africa participated in the study using a convenient sampling strategy. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The model hypothesizing that adjustment and psychological well-being will predict mental health was supported. While the data fit the hypothesized model well, psychological adjustment, application adjustment, and college adjustment were significant predictors of anxiety, depression, and social dysfunction. Also, psychological well-being was a significant predictor of depression, anxiety, and social dysfunction. Two paths (college adjustment and anxiety, and psychological well-being and social dysfunction) were significantly different for both sexes.

Background: Universally, nurses have been reported to be a group at high risk of workplace stress. However, nurses' responses to stressful situations at work could be the outcomes of individual differences and organisational factors. Objectives: We examined the independent and joint contributions of four dimensions of emotional intelligence and perceived organisational support in work stress of nurses in a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey research design, which selected 228 (41 male and 187 female nurses) nurses through the use of convenience sampling. Questionnaires comprising demographics with work stress, organisational support and emotional intelligence scales were administered to the sampled 228 nurses in the study. Data were analysed with the use of correlational matrix and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Self-emotion appraisal, others' emotion appraisal, use of emotion, regulation of emotion and perceived organisational support were found to have joint contributions to explaining work stress among nurses. Others' emotion appraisal, use of emotion and perceived organisational support were found to have independent relationships with work stress. Conclusion: Our findings stress that judgement of others' emotions, accurate use of emotion by nurses and support from management of the hospital are most important in explaining their reactions towards work-related stress.

The study examined religiosity, gender and educational attainment as predictors of drug abuse in South Africa. Cross-sectional data from 2015 South Africa General Household survey was used for the study. Data was analyzed on 47,275 respondents ages 18 to 114 years. The mean age of the respondents was 40.3 (SD = 16.42). Results showed that religiosity has significant effect on drug abuse X2 (df = 3) = 37.81, p<.001. Results further showed that gender has asignificant effect on drug abuse X2 (df = 3) = 26.77, p<.001. Finally, the outcome of the study showed that educational attainment has asignificant effect on drug abuse X2 (df = 3) = 14.13, p<.001. The result of the logistic regression showed that the hazard rate for the males was higher than that of the females. It was also revealed that as educational attainment increases, hazard rate for drug abuse decreases. The result further showed the hazard rate for the religious respondents to be lower compared to that of the non-religious respondents. As a conclusion, we recommend that drug abuse can be controlled by encouraging more religious practices, make education more accessible and affordable and controlthe accessibility/availabilityof drugs of abuse, especially among the males citizens.

OBJECTIVE: This paper is a report of 4 published papers on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS)/posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and traumas experienced by homeless Zimbabwean refugees living in South Africa. The general purpose of the papers was to explore how pre- and postmigration difficulties predicts posttraumatic stress symptoms/disorder; to understand gender differences in PTSS/PTSD reports using quantitative and qualitative approaches; and finally, to understand the nature of abuses, perpetrators, and sex of perpetrators. METHOD: Through focused group discussions (FGD)s, structured in-depth interviews, data were collected from 125 randomly selected homeless Zimbabwean refugees in Polokwane, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Age of participants ranged from 18 years to 48 years with a mean age of 28.3 years (SD = 6.27). Participants were assessed on demographic variables, Pre- and Post-Migration Difficulties Checklists, General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28), and PTSD Checklist (Civilian Version; PCL-C). RESULTS: Results (Paper 1) indicated that a majority of the participants were significantly traumatized and pre- and postmigration traumas contributed to PTSS and PTSD. The qualitative study (Paper 2) overwhelmingly shared similar experiences that could be temporally framed into pre-, mid-, and postmigration. Many of the challenging sociocultural, structural, and institutional factors that they experienced were seen across all the migration stages. In Paper 3, results of a structural equation model (SEM) showed that none of the 3 paths (pre- and postmigration stress and poor mental health) on PTSD is significant for men whereas for women, the path from poor mental health to PTSD (? = .36, p = .013) is significant. Finally the fourth paper showed that rape and sexual harassment were common abuses. Perpetrators were mainly single male border and police officers. CONCLUSION: The Zimbabwean refugees were found to constitute a particularly vulnerable group to

Background: Globally, individuals' self-assessment of vulnerability to HIV infection is important to maintain safer sexual behaviour and reduce risky behaviours. However, determinants of self-perceived risk of HIV infection are not well documented and differ. We assessed the level of self-perceived vulnerability to HIV infection in Nigeria and also identified its risk factors. Methods: We explored a recent nationally representative data with self-reported vulnerability ('high', 'low' and 'no risk at all') to HIV infection as the outcome of interest. Data were weighted and association between the outcomes and the risk factors determined. We used simple ordered logit regression to model relationship between the outcome variable and risk factors, and controlled for the significant variables in multiple ordered logistic regression at 5% significance level. Results: About 74% had good knowledge of HIV transmission and 6% had experienced STI recently. The likelihood of assessing oneself as having 'no risk at all' was 50% and for 'high chances' was 1.6%. Selfperceived high risk of HIV was higher among those who recently experienced STI (5.6%) than those who did not (1.7%), and also higher among those who recently engaged in transactional sex and had multiple sexual partners. The odds of good knowledge of HIV transmission on high self-perceived vulnerability to HIV was 19% higher than poor knowledge (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12-1.27). Also, respondents who recently had multiple sexual partners were 72% (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.60-1.86) more likely to report self as having high risk. Younger respondents aged 14-19 years had higher odds of 41% (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.29-1.55) to perceive self as having high vulnerability to HIV than older respondents. Conclusion: High vulnerability to HIV infection was reported among younger respondents, those with history of STIS and those who engage in multiple sexual relations. Despite high level of risky sexual behaviour and good knowledge of HIV

The study investigated the influence of age, gender, and perceived self-control on future goals of children with adversities situated in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional research design, 100 out-of-school children were conveniently selected from the streets, workshops, and stores after due consent to participate in the study. The mean age of participants was 14.3 (SD = .72) with age ranging from 8 to 16 years. The independent variables were age, gender and perceived self-control. The outcome variable was future goals measured with Snyder et al. J Pediatr Psychol, 22(3), 399-421, (1997) children hope scale. Results showed that there is a significant difference between pre-adolescents and adolescents in their orientation towards future goals {F(1, 93) = 23.65, p < 0.05}. Results further showed that male and female participants did not differ significantly in their orientation towards future goals {F(1, 93) = 0.54, p > 0.05}. Also, it was revealed that children that were low in perceived self-control did not differ from those that are high in perceived self-control {F(1, 93) = 2.56, p > 0.05}. As a conclusion, we observed that the independent variables interacted together to influence the future goal of children in adversities and recommendations were made based on the findings of the study.

The study investigated the mediating role of perceived control in the association between religiosity and quality of life among young adults in south-west Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 1 050 young adults (mean age = 29.8, SD = 4.61; female = 38.7%). Regression analysis was utilised to predict quality of life from religiosity, partialling out perceived control. Findings suggest internal religiosity to predict an environmental domain of quality of life through perceived control. Perceived constraints appear to explain the association between internal religiosity and the environmental domain of quality of life.

Objective: This study examined gender, generational, cultural and social diversities in timing of sexual debut among Nigerian youths and determined factors influencing the timings. Methods: We extracted data of respondents aged 15-24 years from 2012 Nigeria nationally representative data. The outcome of interest was time at sexual debut while predictors included residence, marital status, zones, education, religion, age at first marriage. Data was censored, cox proportional hazard and generalized gamma models were used to model age at sexual debut with p=0.05. Results: The median survival time of sexual debut was 19 years, female youths were twice as likely to begin sexual activities than their male counterparts, HR=1.99, 1.87-2.11 while uneducated youths were more than twice likely to have earlier sexual debut than those with higher education, HR=2.19, 1.95-2.25. Likelihood of having had sexual debut was about 30% higher among those aged 20-24 years than those aged 15-19 years, HR=1.27, 1.19-1.36. Conclusion: Females from poor households mostly in rural areas with no education and who married early in life were more likely to have earlier sexual debut. Both teenagers and young adults are on different trajectories of sexual debut but both urgently need sexual and reproductive health education to delay sexual debut.

ntroduction: While Nigeria accounts for only 2% of the world population, it regrettably shares 14% of global maternal death burden. Whether its reported increase in antenatal care utilization is accompanied by increased use of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) is not known. This study assessed trends in utilization of SBAs in Nigeria between 1990 and 2013 and identified its determinants. Methods: Data from four consecutive Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey reports between 1990 and 2013 were pooled. We used basic descriptive statistics, test of association, and logistic regression to assess the prevalence, relative change, and determinants of SBA use at 5% significance level. Sample weights were applied, and adjustment was made for survey design and sampling errors. Results: Nearly half (46.7%) of the respondents were aged 25-34 years, while half (50.3%) of the respondents had no formal education. The prevalence of SBA use increased only marginally across the years and characteristics studied, from 32.4% in 1990 to 38.5% in 2013, an insignificant 6% increase. Educated women used SBA more than women with no education (92.4% vs 13.1%), and their odds ratio of using SBA were thrice that of uneducated women (odds ratio =3.09, 95% confidence interval =2.17-4.38). Women involved in decisions regarding their use of health facility were 12% more likely to use SBAs than others who do not. Educational attainment, religion, tribe, rural/urban residence, and zone of residence were significant to the use of SBA. Conclusion: The use of SBA was very low throughout the study period, barely at one third usage with insignificant changes over the studied period. Women empowerment, including decision-making power and residence, were the strongest determinants of SBA use. To overturn poor child and maternal health outcomes in Nigeria through SBA use, efforts should be targeted at educating girls, sexual and reproductive health education, and accessible and improved health care facilit

This study sought to characterise lifestyle factors of trust and caution among South African university students (n = 196; females = 78.06%; median age = 21 years). The students completed an online survey on trustworthiness in cultural context. The data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to construct pathways among the trust and caution with social cynicism, and tolerance for ambiguity. Results indicate social cynicism to predict generalised caution, but not generalised trust. Tolerance for ambiguity was not a significant predictor of generalised trust, nor of generalised caution.

The study investigated the influence of age, gender, and perceived self-control on future goals of children with adversities situated in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional research design, 100 out-of-school children were conveniently selected from the streets, workshops, and stores after due consent to participate in the study. The mean age of participants was 14.3 (SD = .72) with age ranging from 8 to 16 years. The independent variables were age, gender and perceived self-control. The outcome variable was future goals measured with Snyder et al. J Pediatr Psychol, 22(3), 399-421, (1997) children hope scale. Results showed that there is a significant difference between pre-adolescents and adolescents in their orientation towards future goals {F(1, 93) = 23.65, p < 0.05}. Results further showed that male and female participants did not differ significantly in their orientation towards future goals {F(1, 93) = 0.54, p > 0.05}. Also, it was revealed that children that were low in perceived self-control did not differ from those that are high in perceived self-control {F(1, 93) = 2.56, p > 0.05}. As a conclusion, we observed that the independent variables interacted together to influence the future goal of children in adversities and recommendations were made based on the findings of the study.

Objective: This study examined gender, generational, cultural and social diversities in timing of sexual debut among Nigerian youths and determined factors influencing the timings. Methods: We extracted data of respondents aged 15-24 years from 2012 Nigeria nationally representative data. The outcome of interest was time at sexual debut while predictors included residence, marital status, zones, education, religion, age at first marriage. Data was censored, cox proportional hazard and generalized gamma models were used to model age at sexual debut with p=0.05. Results: The median survival time of sexual debut was 19 years, female youths were twice as likely to begin sexual activities than their male counterparts, HR=1.99, 1.87-2.11 while uneducated youths were more than twice likely to have earlier sexual debut than those with higher education, HR=2.19, 1.95-2.25. Likelihood of having had sexual debut was about 30% higher among those aged 20-24 years than those aged 15-19 years, HR=1.27, 1.19-1.36. Conclusion: Females from poor households mostly in rural areas with no education and who married early in life were more likely to have earlier sexual debut. Both teenagers and young adults are on different trajectories of sexual debut but both urgently need sexual and reproductive health education to delay sexual debut.