Search

Successful higher education systems are student centered and constantly improving. They also are committed to addressing long-standing policies, perspectives, and practices that--intentionally or not--marginalize Black, Indigenous, Latinx, and/or People of Color (BILPOC) students, students from under-resourced families, and others who were not well served by their earlier education. "No Middle Ground" helps colleges assess their practices so they can find ways to improve--to identify inequities, address them, and bring everyone at the college into this essential work. It provides a guide for incorporating equity into Complete College America (CCA)'s evidence-based strategies for college completion. The report outlines the importance of language and intentionality in creating programs and policies to disrupt dysfunctional systems and pave the way for all students to complete college.

This report presents selected findings from the Public School Principal Status Data File of the 2016-17 Principal Follow-up Survey (PFS). The PFS is a nationally representative sample survey of public K-12 schools in the 50 states and District of Columbia and was initiated to inform discussions and decisions regarding principal attrition and mobility among policymakers, researchers, and parents. Schools with a principal who returned a 2015-16 National Teacher and Pricipal (NTPS) principal questionnaire were included in the PFS sample. The PFS consisted of only one item and, between school and principal responses, had a response rate of about 95 percent. To facilitate analysis, this item and variables derived from it were added to the NTPS Public School Principal Data File. The 2016-17 PFS assessed how many school principals in the 2015-16 school year still worked as a principal in the same school in the 2016-17 school year, how many had moved to become a principal in another school, and how many had left the principalship altogether. This 2016-17 principal status variable is used in conjunction with 2015-16 NTPS school and principal characteristics for the analyses in this First Look report.

This report provides information on the retention, graduation, and transfer rates of first-time, full-time students entering Maryland community colleges between 1992 and 2012. The report tracks student outcomes two, three, and four years following matriculation. The Appendix includes detailed data tables containing retention, graduation, and transfer information for all students statewide, by gender, and the largest racial and ethnic groups. Additional data tables are presented containing this information for all students and African American students within each institution. The first section of this report contains analysis of student retention, graduation, and transfer rates for all students statewide as well as rates disaggregated by race/ethnicity and gender. This analysis examines both year-to-year changes and longitudinal trends. The second section of the report examines the Degree Progress Analysis. The third section provides a summary of data obtained in the community college follow-up survey. This survey is conducted every three years by the community colleges and the Commission. It includes questions regarding students' perception of quality, post-graduation enrollment, and employment outcomes, in addition to a variety of other topics. [For the report from the previous year "Retention, Graduation, and Transfer Rates at Maryland Community Colleges [2014]," see ED594069.]

What needs and concerns do second-year college students have that may be impeding their success? This report goes beyond the usual predictive indicators of GPAs and credits earned to explore a wide range of student attitudes, needs, and motivations that influence college completion, with separate findings for second-year students attending four-year vs. two-year, public vs. private institutions. The report is based on student survey responses drawn from a sizable sample of second-year undergraduates in 2013 and 2014. Although second-year college students often receive less attention than first-year students, the data reveal distinct student needs and experiences. Highlights from the findings include: (1) The vast majority of second-year students in this study--94 percent overall, across private and public sectors--indicated they were strongly dedicated to finishing college, yet only 74 percent reported being able to concentrate and keep their thoughts organized during an exam; (2) Half to two-thirds of the second-year student respondents indicated they would like help with exploring career options and with preparing a written academic plan for graduation; (3) 16 percent of the study's respondents from four-year public institutions were either uncertain about their plans to continue at their institution or were planning to transfer; and (4) Survey responses from male, second-year students indicate they were less likely than female students to be receptive to assistance from advisors and student services personnel, regardless of the type of assistance offered.

The Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) collects information on seniors' academic and career plans after graduation in the form of a postsecondary plan. The information collected consists of several categories, including attending a four-year college/university, attending a two-year/ community college, attending a vocational/technical school, seeking employment or an apprenticeship/ on-the-job training, enlisting in the military, or joining Job Corps. At the end of their senior year, students are also asked to report the scholarships, financial aid, and grant monies they have been offered as well as what monies they have accepted or are planning to accept. This report summarizes the postsecondary intentions and scholarship monies reported by students who graduated from a DoDEA high school in school year (SY) 2013-14. All analyses in this report are based on those seniors (N = 3,105) who were enrolled in a DoDEA high school as of April 15, 2014. Therefore, findings do not include seniors who may have withdrawn prior to or entered a DoDEA high school after this date. It should also be noted that the information contained in this report is self-reported by students and does not represent the absolute postsecondary status of DoDEA graduates or the totality of scholarship monies offered and accepted by students. In interpreting the data contained in this report, readers are encouraged to rely on the results of statistical tests measuring differences between groups rather than on the apparent magnitude of these differences. Some differences may appear to be large; however, they are not statistically different.

This report provides guidance and documentation for users of the combined base-year to third follow-up data of the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002). ELS:2002 is sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) of the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. The base-year and follow-up studies were conducted through a contract to RTI International. This manual contains information about the purposes of ELS:2002, the base-year to third follow-up data collection instruments, the sample design, and data collection and processing procedures. The manual provides guidance for understanding and using data from all components of the base year and its three follow-ups. Appended are: (A) Glossary of Terms; (B) Cross-Cohort Comparisons; (C) Facsimile of the Third Follow-Up Survey Instrument; (D) FS Flow Charts; (E) Occupational Crosswalk: O*NET and ELS:2002 Classifications; (F) Weight Adjustments; (G) Design Effects; (H) Unit Nonresponse; (I) Item Nonresponse; (J) Responsive Design Bias Estimates; (K) Extant Sources; (L) Extant Variable List; (M) All Variables; and (N) F3 Composites.

During their senior year, students in the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) schools develop a postsecondary plan indicating their intentions upon graduation from high school. Postsecondary plan data were generated and consists of several categories, including attending a four-year college/university, attending a two-year/community college, attending a vocational/technical school, seeking employment or an apprenticeship/on-the-job training, enlisting in the military, or joining job corps. At the end of their senior year, students are also asked to report the scholarships, financial aid, and grant monies they have been offered, as well as what monies they have accepted or are planning to accept. This report summarizes the postsecondary intentions and scholarship monies reported by students who graduated from a DoDEA high school in school year (SY) 2012-13 All analyses in this report are based on those seniors (N = 3,134) who were enrolled in a DoDEA high school as of April 20, 2013. Therefore, findings do not include seniors who may have withdrawn prior to or entered a DoDEA high school after this date. It should also be noted that the information contained in this report is self-reported by students and does not represent the absolute postsecondary status of DoDEA graduates or the totality of scholarship monies offered and accepted by students. In interpreting the data contained in this report, readers are encouraged to rely on the results of statistical tests measuring differences between groups rather than on the apparent magnitude of these differences. Some differences may appear to be large; however, they are not statistically different.

This report provides information on the retention, graduation, and transfer rates of first-time, full-time students entering Maryland community colleges between 2000 and 2010. The report examines retention and graduation data for students within two, three, and four years after matriculation into a community college. The Appendix contains tables detailing retention, graduation, and transfer rates for the state as a whole and disaggregated by gender as well as for the largest racial and ethnic groups. Data on students at each individual community college are also presented for two groups: all students and African American students. The first section of the report provides an analysis of statewide retention, graduation, and transfer rates within four years following initial enrollment, including analysis by gender and by race/ethnicity. This section also examines trend data on retention, graduation, and transfer from the 19 cohorts for which complete data are available (1990-2008). The second section examines student success through the Degree Progress Analysis model. Data for all 16 community colleges are available beginning with the 2001 cohort of entering students. The third section of this report includes highlights of a survey of community college graduates. The Maryland Higher Education Commission, in collaboration with the community colleges, conducts a triennial follow-up survey of recipients of certificates and associate degrees. The survey includes questions about the graduates' experiences at the community college, perceptions of the quality of education received, post-graduation educational enrollments, and employment. [For the report from the previous year "Retention, Graduation, and Transfer Rates at Maryland Community Colleges [2012]," see ED594066.]

This report provides information on the retention, graduation, and transfer rates of first-time, full-time students at Maryland community colleges from 1999-2009. The report examines retention and graduation data for students two, three, and four years after matriculation into a community college. Retention, graduation, and transfer rates are presented for the state and disaggregated by race/ethnicity and gender. Additionally, data are presented for all students and for African-American students at each community college. The first section of the report provides an analysis of graduation and transfer rates within the four years following initial enrollment, including analysis by race/ethnicity and gender. This includes analysis of both statewide and individual institutional data. This section also examines trend data on retention, graduation, and transfer from the last ten years for which data are available (1997-2007). The second section discusses an alternative measure of progress developed by Maryland, the successful persister rate. This analysis separates students into one of three categories based upon their level of academic preparedness: (1) students requiring no remediation (college ready); (2) students requiring remediation who completed their assigned courses (developmental completers); and (3) students requiring remediation who failed to complete courses as assigned (developmental non-completers). Maryland's community colleges began measuring successful persister rates beginning with the 2000 cohort of students for 14 of the 16 institutions; data for all 16 community colleges are available beginning with the 2001 cohort of entering students. The third section of this report includes highlights of a survey of community college graduates. The Maryland Higher Education Commission conducts a triennial follow-up survey of associate degree graduates in collaboration with the community colleges. The most recent study was conducted in 2009 and includes those students who graduated during FY2008 (July 1, 2007-June 30, 2008). The survey includes questions about the community college graduates' experiences at the community college, perceptions of the quality of education received, post-graduation educational enrollments, and employment. The survey of 2010-11 graduates is currently underway, and the 2013 "Retention, Graduation, and Transfer" report will include analysis from this survey of FY 2011 graduates. [For the report from the previous year "Retention, Graduation and Transfer Rates at Maryland Community Colleges [2011]," see ED594065.]

Presented at the College Board National Forum, October 26, 2011. Choosing a college major is challenging enough, without stopping to consider the impact it has on a student's college experience and career choice. To provide support during this major decision, participants in this session will develop strategies to facilitate students in making an appropriate major choice. Based on research and recommendations from high school and college educators, participants will discuss interventions and best practices. Participants will focus on factors related to major choice and retention (with an emphasis on STEM majors), and will investigate some noteworthy findings related to students with undeclared majors.

This report provides information on the retention, graduation, and transfer rates of first-time, full-time students at Maryland community colleges from 1998-2008. The report examines retention and graduation data for students two, three and four years after matriculation into a community college. The data are presented for the state, by each community college, and disaggregated by race and gender. The first section of the report provides an analysis of graduation and transfer rates within four years of initial enrollment, including analysis by race/ethnicity and gender. The second section discusses a broader measure of progress, the successful persister rate. This analysis separates students into three categories based on their level of academic preparedness upon entry into the community college: (1) college ready; (2) developmental completers; and (3) developmental non-completers. Maryland's community colleges began measuring successful persister rates beginning with the 2000 cohort of students from 14 of the 16 institutions. Data for all 16 community colleges is available starting with the 2001 cohort of students. The third section of the report includes highlights of a survey of community college graduates. The Maryland Higher Education Commission conducts a follow-up survey every three years on community college graduates in collaboration with the state's two-year institutions. The most recent study focuses on students who graduated during the 2007-2008 academic year with emphasis on the graduates' college experiences, perceptions about education quality, post-graduation educational activities and employment. The fourth section summarizes the report findings, and is followed by detailed tables. [For the report from the previous year "Retention, Graduation and Transfer Rates at Maryland Community Colleges [2010]," see ED594063.]

Monitoring the Future (MTF), which is now in its 36th year, is a research program conducted at the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research under a series of investigator-initiated research grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The study is comprised of several ongoing series of annual surveys of nationally representative samples of 8th- and 10th-grade students (begun in 1991), 12th-grade students (begun in 1975), and high school graduates into adulthood (begun in 1976). The current monograph reports the results of the repeated cross-sectional surveys of high school graduates since 1976 as the authors follow them into their adult years. Several segments of the general adult population are covered in these follow-up surveys: (1) American college students; (2) Their age peers who are not attending college, sometimes called the "forgotten half"; (3) All young adult high school graduates of modal ages 19 to 30, which the authors refer to as the "young adult" sample; and (4) High school graduates at the specific later modal ages of 35, 40, 45, and 50. Changes in substance abuse and related attitudes and beliefs occurring at each of these age strata receive particular emphasis. The authors can summarize the findings on trends as follows: For more than a decade--from the late 1970s to the early 1990s--the use of a number of illicit drugs declined appreciably among 12th-grade students, and declined even more among American college students and young adults. These substantial improvements--which seem largely explainable in terms of changes in attitudes about drug use, beliefs about the risks of drug use, and peer norms against drug use--have some extremely important policy implications. One clear implication is that these various substance-using behaviors among American young people are malleable--they can be changed. It has been done before. The second is that demand-side (rather than supply-side) factors appear to have been pivotal in bringing about most of those changes. The levels of marijuana availability, as reported by 12th graders, have held fairly steady throughout the life of the study. (Moreover, among students who abstained from marijuana use, as well as among those who quit, availability and price rank very low on their lists of reasons for not using.) And, in fact, the perceived availability of cocaine was actually rising during the beginning of the sharp decline in cocaine and crack use in the mid- to late- 1980s, which occurred when the perceived risk associated with that drug rose sharply. However, improvements are surely not inevitable; and when they occur, they should not be taken for granted. Relapse is always possible and, indeed, just such a relapse in the longer term epidemic occurred during the early to mid-1990s, as the country let down its guard on many fronts. The drug problem is not an enemy that can be vanquished. It is more a recurring and relapsing problem that must be contained to the extent possible on an ongoing basis. Therefore, it is a problem that requires an ongoing, dynamic response--one that takes into account the continuing generational replacement of children, the generational forgetting of the dangers of drugs that can occur with that replacement, and the perpetual stream of new abusable substances that will threaten to lure young people into involvement with drugs. (Contains 30 tables, 49 figures and 68 footnotes.) [For related reports, see "Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2010. Volume I, Secondary School Students" (ED528081); and "Monitoring the Future National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings, 2010" (ED528077).]

The Monitoring the Future (MTF) study involves an ongoing series of national surveys of American adolescents and adults that has provided the nation with a vital window into the important, but largely hidden, problem behaviors of illegal drug use, alcohol use, tobacco use, anabolic steroid use, and psychotherapeutic drug use. For more than a third of a century, MTF has provided a clearer view of the changing topography of these problems among adolescents and adults, a better understanding of the dynamics of factors that drive some of these problems, and a better understanding of some of their consequences. It has also given policymakers and nongovernmental organizations in the field some practical approaches for intervening. This annual monograph series has been the primary vehicle for disseminating MTF's epidemiological findings. This latest two-volume monograph presents the results of the 36th survey of drug use and related attitudes and beliefs among American high school seniors, the 31st such survey of American college students, and the 20th such survey of 8th- and 10th-grade students. Importantly, results are also reported for high school graduates followed in a series of panel studies through age 50. Results from the samples of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders are contained in "Volume I", which is preceded by two national press releases and an advance summary report. Results on college students and other adults are reported each year in "Volume II", which is published a few months after "Volume I". A new monograph was added in 2009 on risk and protective behaviors for the spread of HIV/AIDS among young adults. The authors can summarize the findings on trends as follows: For more than a decade--from the late 1970s to the early 1990s--the use of a number of illicit drugs declined appreciably among 12th-grade students, and declined even more among American college students and young adults. These substantial improvements--which seem largely explainable in terms of changes in attitudes about drug use, beliefs about the risks of drug use, and peer norms against drug use--have some extremely important policy implications. One clear implication is that these various substance-using behaviors among American young people are malleable--they can be changed. It has been done before. The second is that demand-side (rather than supply-side) factors appear to have been pivotal in bringing about most of those changes. The levels of marijuana availability, as reported by 12th graders, have held fairly steady throughout the life of the study. Moreover, among students who abstained from marijuana use, as well as among those who quit, availability and price rank very low on their lists of reasons for not using.) And, in fact, the perceived availability of cocaine was actually rising during the beginning of the sharp decline in cocaine and crack use in the mid- to late- 1980s, which occurred when the perceived risk associated with that drug rose sharply. However, improvements are surely not inevitable; and when they occur, they should not be taken for granted. Relapse is always possible and, indeed, just such a relapse in the longer term epidemic occurred during the early to mid-1990s, as the country let down its guard on many fronts. The drug problem is not an enemy that can be vanquished. It is more a recurring and relapsing problem that must be contained to the extent possible on an ongoing basis. Therefore, it is a problem that requires an ongoing, dynamic response--one that takes into account the continuing generational replacement of children, the generational forgetting of the dangers of drugs that can occur with that replacement, and the perpetual stream of new abusable substances that will threaten to lure young people into involvement with drugs. Appended are: (1) Prevalence and Trend Estimates Adjusted for Absentees and Dropouts; (2) Definition of Background and Demographic Subgroups; (3) Estimation of Sampling Errors; (4) Trends by Subgroup: Supplemental Tables for Secondary School Students; (5) Trends in Specific Subclasses of Hallucinogens, Amphetamines, Tranquilizers, Sedatives, and Narcotic Drugs Other than Heroin; and (6) Trends in Drug Use for Three Grades Combined. An index is included. (Contains 242 tables, 123 figures and 131 footnotes.) [For related reports, see "Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2010. Volume II, College Students & Adults Ages 19-50" (ED528082); and "Monitoring the Future National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings, 2010" (ED528077).]

This report contains trend data on the retention, graduation, and transfer rates of first-time, full-time students at Maryland community colleges from 1997 to 2007. Specifically, the report presents retention and graduation data for students two, three and four years after matriculation into a community college. The data is presented for the state, by each community college and further disaggregated by race and gender. The first part of the report includes an analysis of community college students' four-year "success rate," which is the percentage of first-time, full-time community college students who either graduate and/or transfer to a Maryland four-year institution within four years. The second section of the report provides an analysis of interim measures of "progress to degree," which examines graduation, transfer and "successful persister" rates after four years based on students' remedial needs and academic readiness at the time of entry to the community college. This analysis separates students into three groups based on their level of academic preparedness upon entry to the community college: (1) "college-ready"; (2) "developmental completers"; and (3) "developmental non-completers." Maryland's community colleges began measuring "successful persister" rates beginning with the 2000 cohort of students from 14 of the 16 institutions. Data for all 16 community colleges is now available starting with the 2001 cohort of students. The final section of this report includes an analysis of students who enrolled for one term at a community college, but who do not return for the next. The data for this analysis comes from a bi-annual survey conducted since 2000 by the community colleges. The survey focuses on respondents' educational goals, thus providing valuable information about students who never intended to earn a degree or certificate or to transfer to a four-year college.

"Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering" provides statistical information about the participation of women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering education and employment. Its primary purpose is to serve as an information source; it offers no endorsement of or recommendations about policies or programs. National Science Foundation reporting on this topic is mandated by the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (Public Law 96-516). This report contains charts and data tables organized by topic (e.g., undergraduate enrollment, graduate degrees, employment) and also by group (e.g., Hispanics, minority women, persons with disabilities). The charts contain bulleted information describing key points. This report is a dynamic Web-based information source with data updated as they become available. Tables and figures in the report are current as of the Web release date, which appears at the bottom of each table and figure. Presentation slides, which are charts in PowerPoint, graphic, and spreadsheet formats, are provided for easy downloading. A complete update of the report is issued every 2 years for transmittal to Congress and federal agency heads. The Technical Notes section provides information on racial/ethnic and disability reporting categories, on the primary NSF and non-NSF sources of the data, and on sampling errors. (Contains 20 figures and 114 tables.)

This study aimed to identify the pathways, intentions and relevant perceptions of (non-UK) European Union (EU) students entering English higher education. It sought to identify why students wished to obtain an English HE qualification, their attitudes towards the uptake and repayment of tuition fee loans and their future career plans. Drawing on longitudinal data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) and from a national survey of (non-UK) EU students in English Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), it aimed to provide a better understanding of their views on (and use of) the Student Loans system, in order to inform government policy and strategy in this area. An analysis of HESA data from 2002/03 to 2005/06 found that: (1) There was a growth in the numbers and the proportion of young people from the Baltic States, Eastern Europe and late accession countries (including Cyprus and Malta) and a decline in both the overall numbers and the proportion of students coming from EU founder nations and other western non-founder nations; (2) Business and administration studies appeared to be both the largest and fastest growing course, although the proportion of applicants for such places declined amongst the seven non-UK non-founder nations. The proportion of non-UK EU entrants to most STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths) subjects (other than those related to medicine or biology), law and languages, in contrast, have seen a marked decline; and (3) The probability of a non-UK EU student staying in England to take part in further full-time study was greater than that of their remaining to work (whether full- or part-time), particularly for those studying maths, physics, languages, law, historical studies and social sciences courses. The research team used both primary research and secondary analysis of other data sources to ascertain the mobility patterns, anticipated destinations and attitudes to student loan repayments of EU students. The analyses of HESA data and of the survey responses divided students into three broad groups, representing the founder states (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands), the other non-founder (non-UK) western nations (Austria, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Spain, Sweden and Portugal) and the Baltic States, Eastern European states and other late accession countries (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia). The findings from this study have been summarised in relation to non-UK EU students' choosing to study in England; non-UK EU students' understanding of tuition fee loans and their attitudes towards them; and respondents' future career and study plans. Appended are: (1) Drawing the sample; (2) EU member states and date of accession; (3) Tables; (4) Changes in non-UK EU population; and (5) Higher Education Institution recruitment and liaison. (Contains 43 tables and 37 footnotes.) [This report was written with Helen Robertson Hobsons and was published by the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills.

This study supports efforts by the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) to foster greater state accountability and establish data-driven planning and self-assessment processes that help states and schools to address provisions of the recently enacted Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) of 2004. In response to state-level requirements, the Texas Education Agency (TEA) asked Region 4 Education Service Center (ESC) to facilitate the second statewide study of special education professionals personnel needs. This study, which was authorized in December 2004, augments the initial "Statewide Study of Special Education Professionals' Personnel Needs" conducted by the Texas Center for Educational Research (TCER) and published in September 2001. The current study was designed to identify existing shortages in special education teacher and other professional positions, to investigate the various issues that appear to influence turnover in these positions, and to identify effective approaches to retention. Report sections are organized around findings for the study's major research questions. Key findings are summarized for Texas single districts and SSAs. "Section 2, Method" gives a description of the instrument development and validation process, the four surveys used in the study, and the data collection procedures. The authors also discuss the generalizability of the study to public schools statewide. "Section 3, Special Education Personnel Staffing Needs" provides information on special education positions and critical shortage areas, and special education personnel turnover. This section specifically addresses the special education personnel needs in Texas public schools. "Section 4, Hiring Special Education Personnel" provides information on recruitment strategies and barriers to hiring qualified special education personnel. "Section 5, Retaining Special Education Personnel" provides information on retention strategies and barriers to retaining qualified special education personnel. "Section 6, Special Education Teachers" provides information on teacher workload and teaching arrangements, teaching experience and preparation of special education teachers, perceptions of the work environment, and intentions to remain in the job. "Section 7, Other Special Education Professionals" provides information on special education professionals workload and service arrangements, certifications attained by special education professionals, perceptions of the work environment, and intentions to remain in the job. "Section 8, Professional Development Needs of Special Education Personnel" provides information on administrators' perceptions of the degree to which their staff required professional development. This section also identifies the professional development areas in which special education teachers and other professionals had completed training as well as the areas in which they desired additional training. "Section 9, Special Education Staffing in Charter Schools" provides information on the special education staffing levels in charter schools, and the recruitment, staffing, and retention strategies utilized by these schools. "Section 10, Policy Implications and Recommendations" discusses the implications of the results of the current study, and recommendations for addressing recruitment, staffing, and retention issues relative to special education personnel. (Contains 103 tables and 7 figures.) [For "Texas Study of Personnel Needs in Special Education. Executive Summary," see ED538138.]

This paper presents the first results of a project initiated in 2004 by the OECD in collaboration with Eurostat and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, and aimed at developing a regular and internationally comparable production system of indicators on the careers and mobility of doctorate holders. A first data collection was launched in September 2005, from which the results for seven countries are presented here. These data shed light on the main demographic, educational, labour market and mobility patterns of doctoral graduates. They also mark some progress in the understanding of both the measurement issues and patterns of international mobility, notably by the use of qualitative indicators such as the intentions or reasons for mobility. The results show in particular that the share of doctorate holders in the population or labour force is two or three times larger in Germany and Switzerland than in Australia, Canada and the United States. In these five countries, women represent only one-quarter to one-third of doctorate holders. The United States has an older population of doctorate holders than the other countries analysed in the paper and this population is still aging, as is also the case in Canada. Unemployment rates of doctorate holders remain low, but are relatively higher in natural sciences and in engineering. There are important salary differences between men and women and across sectors, especially in the United States. In the United States, as well as in Portugal and Argentina, salary is one of the main reasons why doctoral graduates are dissatisfied with their employment situation. There is a high share of foreign doctorate holders in Switzerland and also a higher share of foreign-born doctorate holders in Canada and Australia than in the United States. Many foreigners, however, come to work to the United States having been trained for research abroad and this trend has grown stronger in recent years. On the other hand, very few doctorate holders from the United States are internationally mobile. Among mobile young Canadian citizens, three-quarters choose the United States as their next destination. (Data tables are annexed. Contains 4 footnotes, 13 figures, 1 chart and 35 tables.)

I 18 kortare essäer synliggörs vad det innebär att kommunicera, undervisa och ta etisk ställning. Detta synliggörande sker med utgångspunkten att kommunicerandet, undervisandet och det etiska ställningstagandet delvis aktualiseras som ett självändamål. Därvid illustreras och problematiseras på vad sätt det vi kallar självändamål samtidigt också är något annat – på gott och på ont. I självändamålsliga sammanhang präglade av tvetydighet görs försök att dra gränser mellan goda och onda självändamål. Till icke ringa del är essäerna inspirerade av eller direkt baserade på den finlandssvenske sociologen och socialpsykologen Johan Asplunds författarskap och bearbetar såväl människors alldagliga erfarenheter som socialvetenskapliga, vetenskapsteoretiska och filosofiska grundfrågor: Vad styr vårt handlande? På vilka grunder hävdar vi att något är sant? Och vad är möjligt att kommunicera? Essäerna introducerar en så kallad självändamålsproblematik, föreslår vissa öppna lösningar på självändamålsproblem och avser uppmuntra till diskussion om hur betydelser tilldelas och mening skapas – och då både i alldagliga och forskningsmässiga situationer.

Background: Long-term sick leaves due to common mental disorders (CMDs)are common in Sweden today, especially among women. Return-to-work (RTW) support usually includes work-related factors and treatment for the CMD. Despite this, the way back to work is often long with an increased risk of relapse into sick leave afterwards. The overall aim of this thesis was to generate knowledge about women’s RTW after long-term sick leave for CMDs by investigating their beliefs, intentions, perceived health and psychological wellbeing. Methods: Study I reported on the development and psychometric evaluation of the RTW Beliefs Questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). It contain items about attitude towards, social pressure to, perceived behavioural control over, and intentions to RTW. Study II was a cross-sectional study investigating determinants (RTW beliefs and perceived health) of RTW intentions. Study III was a 1-year follow-up investigating predictors of RTW and psychological well-being. Study IV was a qualitative study describing women’s health and psychological well-being in the RTW process from women’s and first-line managers’ perspectives. Results: Beliefs about RTW mainly concerned health, psychological well-being, the work situation and relations in private life. The RTW Beliefs Questionnaire showed varied psychometric qualities and a distinct division between work and private life. Women with a more positive attitude, stronger social pressure and higher perceived behavioural control had stronger RTW intentions. The follow-up showed that the only predictor of having RTW one year later was stronger RTW intentions at baseline. However, these intentions were not associated with higher psychological well-being. In the qualitative study, women’s health and psychological well-being were described to be dependent on the individual characteristics of the women themselves, their private life, work and RTW stakeholders. Conclusions: Women’s RTW after long-t, Bakgrund: Långtidssjukskrivningar för psykisk ohälsa är vanliga i Sverige idag, särskilt hos kvinnor. Stöd i återgången till arbete inkluderar vanligtvis arbetsrelaterade faktorer och behandling för psykisk ohälsa. Trots detta är vägen tillbaka till arbete ofta lång med en ökad risk för återfall i sjukskrivning efteråt. Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var att generera kunskap om kvinnors återgång i arbete efter långtidssjukskrivning för psykisk ohälsa genom att undersöka deras föreställningar, intentioner, upplevda hälsa och psykiska välbefinnande. Metod: Studie I beskrev utvecklingen och psykometrisk utvärdering av RTW Beliefs Questionnaire baserat på Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Det innehåller frågor om attityd till-, social press till-, upplevd kontroll över- och intention till att återgå i arbete. Studie II var en tvärsnittsstudie som undersökte faktorer (föreställningar om att återgå och upplevd hälsa) relaterade till intentionen att återgå. Studie III var en 1-årsuppföljning som undersökte prediktorer för återgång och psykiskt välbefinnande. Studie IV var en kvalitativ studie som beskrev kvinnors hälsa och psykiska välbefinnande under återgångsprocessen ur kvinnornas och första linjens chefers perspektiv. Resultat: Föreställningar om återgången gällde främst hälsa, psykiskt välbefinnande, arbetssituationen och relationer i privatlivet. RTW Beliefs Questionnaire visade på olika psykometriska egenskaper och en distinkt uppdelning mellan arbete och privatliv. Kvinnor med en mer positiv attityd, starkare social press och högre upplevd kontroll hade starkare intention till att återgå. Uppföljningen visade att den enda prediktorn för återgång ett år senare var starkare intention vid baslinjen. Denna intention var dock inte associerat med ett högre psykiskt välbefinnande. I den kvalitativa studien beskrevs kvinnors hälsa och psykiska välbefinnande vara beroende av kvinnornas individuella egenskaper, deras privatliv, arbete och samhällsaktörer. Sluts

The COVID-19 outbreak has altered consumer purchasing patterns and behavior worldwide. Online shopping services have grown rapidly in Vietnam in recent years, owing to the coronavirus's highly contagious nature and the convenience of online buying and delivery. For that reason, the authors carried out a study to determine online shopping intention, which aims to discover which factors affect intentions. Then, managerial implications are proposed to help businesses develop appropriate business strategies in the new, post-COVID period. The data was collected from 700 consumers buying online products. Five critical factors affecting online shopping intention were identified: perceived usefulness, ease of use, confidence, safety level, and customer service. The research paper applied structural equation modeling to study individual customers' intentions to purchase online shopping products by adding the customer service element to the research model and using a customer-oriented approach to find out users’ intentions to purchase products on online platforms.

To tackle the problem of disinformation, society must be aware not only of the existence of intentional misinformation campaigns, but also of the agents that introduce the misleading information, their supporting media, the nodes they use in social networks, the propaganda techniques they employ and their overall narratives and intentions. Disinformation is a challenge that must be addressed holistically: identifying and describing a disinformation campaign requires studying misinformation locally, at the message level, as well as globally, by modelling its propagation process to identify its sources and main players. In this paper, we argue that the integration of these two levels of analysis hinges on studying underlying features such as disinformation’s intentionality, and benefited and injured agents. Taking these features into account could make automated decisions more explainable for end users and analysts. Moreover, simultaneously identifying misleading messages, knowing their narratives and hidden intentions, modelling their diffusion in social networks, and monitoring the sources of disinformation will also allow a faster reaction, even anticipation, against the spreading of disinformation.

In recent years, the use of digital mobile technologies for journalistic practice has gained much popularity among Ghanaian journalists. In this study, we explored three original Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) variables (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and social influence) and two additional variables, (the cost of smartphones, and the cost of mobile data) to predict the relationship between the five variables, and journalists’ intention to use Digital Mobile Technologies (DMTs). A structured questionnaire was used to solicit data from 281 Ghanaian frontline journalists through an online survey. The respondents were selected by purposive sampling. Structural Equation Modelling analysis of the data showed that, as the cost of smartphones, and the cost of mobile data increases, journalists’ intention to use technology decreases in Ghana. Thus, mobile data and the cost of smartphones had a negative relationship with journalists’ intention to use DMTs. The testing of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and social influence, however, reported a positive relationship with the use intention. The findings from this study have implications for policy change on the reduction of the prices of both mobile data and smartphones to enhance the use of DMTs among journalists in Ghana. Also, the findings from this study could be considered a template for the proper regulation of the use of DMTs for enhanced practice of journalism in Ghana and other developing countries.

This research studies if it is possible to charge commanders (military or acting as a such) or superiors of criminal –or criminally inclined– structures for the excesses committed by their subordinates. To solve this legal problem, firstly, those kinds of structures are analyzed from different approaches in order to determine the scope of the study. Secondly, the meaning of “excesses” is briefly explained in criminal-legal terms. Thirdly, a solution is proposed based on a three levels of analysis methodological approach in which it is necessary to establish, first, the foundation of the individual’s responsibility in the context of collective action, second, the qualification of their intervention and, third, the scope of the subjective responsibility (mens rea)., En este trabajo se indaga si es posible imputar a los jefes (militares o asimilados) o superiores jerárquicos de estructuras delictivas –o con tendencia delictiva– los excesos cometidos por sus subordinados. Para solucionar este problema jurídico, en primer lugar, se analizan ese tipo de estructuras a partir de distintos enfoques. En segundo lugar, se precisa brevemente qué se entiende por “excesos” en términos jurídico-penales. En tercer lugar, se plantea una propuesta de solución a partir de un enfoque metodológico de tres niveles en los que es preciso establecer, primero, el fundamento de la responsabilidad del individuo en el contexto de la acción colectiva, segundo, la calificación de su intervención y, tercero, el alcance de la imputación subjetiva del injusto.

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.

Countries worldwide are facing challenges with increasing the COVID-19 vaccination rates for children. This study examined associations between perceived knowledge, coping appraisal, threat appraisal, adaptive response, maladaptive response, and intention, and possible variance across parents (mother or father) and COVID-19-like symptoms experiences regarding parental intentions to vaccinate their children. A total of 836 Iranian parents with children between the ages of 6 and 12 y completed measures assessing perceived knowledge, coping appraisals, threat appraisals, intentions, adaptive responses, and maladaptive responses. Multigroup structural equation modeling revealed that perceived knowledge was positively associated with both coping and threat appraisals, coping appraisals positively associated with adaptive responses, maladaptive responses, and intentions to vaccinate, threat appraisals positively associated with adaptive and maladaptive responses, and adaptive responses positively associated with intentions to vaccinate. The invariance evaluation revealed no differences across parents or COVID-19-like symptoms experiences in parental intentions to get their children vaccinated. The findings suggest that cogent information regarding childhood COVID-19 vaccination may boost parents’ knowledge influencing their appraisals, adaptive responses and intentions to vaccinate their children. Specifically, coping appraisals and adaptive responses appeared to be important mediators between knowledge and intentions to vaccinate. Furthermore, intentions to vaccinate children may not be strongly influenced by parental roles or COVID-19-like symptoms experiences. These findings may help multiple stakeholders promote COVID-19 vaccination rates among children, and countries should further examine ways of increasing rates based on their specific needs.

Serious games are games that have a goal other than entertainment. These games can be found in multiple areas, one of which is geotourism. Geotourism uses these games on-site and off-site, to enhance the tourist experience. This case study aims to examine how participants experience serious games as an off-site tool for engaging with specific locations’ natural and cultural heritage. This study aims to examine if the intention to travel changes from playing the game. The result shows that the participants felt engaged and enjoyed playing the game, but that the game might be more suitable for children than adults. The result shows that players want to visit changed, but not their intention or plans to travel. Future work could include using a different demographic for the study, or looking at how many participants end up actually travelling to the locations., Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.There are other digital material (eg film, image or audio files) or models/artifacts that belongs to the thesis and need to be archived.

Background: This study explores consumer attitudes towards AI-generated videosusing the ABC model of attitudes, which includes Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive components. AI-generated videos represent a significant evolution in content creation,incorporating advanced technologies that evoke a range of emotional, behavioural, andcognitive responses from consumers. Understanding these responses is crucial as AIbecomes increasingly integrated into media production. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore consumers’ attitudes towardsAI-generated videos. Methodology: Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with participantsfrom diverse backgrounds and professions. A purposive sampling method wasemployed to select participants familiar with generative AI technology, ensuring a richand diverse set of insights. Findings: Findings reveal a spectrum of emotional responses, with negative emotionsoften tied to perceptions of artificiality and lack of authenticity, while positive emotionsare driven by the novelty and potential of AI technology. Behavioural intentions varied,ranging from reluctance due to trust issues to openness influenced by perceived benefitsand professional interests. Cognitive evaluations highlighted knowledge disparities andethical concerns, with deeper understanding correlating with cautious optimism orscepticism. Conclusion: The study contributes to the literature by providing a nuancedunderstanding of how affective, behavioural, and cognitive dimensions interact to shapeoverall consumer attitudes towards AI-generated videos. Practical implications suggestthat companies and marketers should address trust and ethical concerns while enhancingthe authenticity and transparency of AI-generated videos to foster positive consumerengagement.

BACKGROUND: Few adolescents meet guideline levels of physical activity associated with good health, highlighting the need for intervention. Interventions promoting adolescents physical activity should be guided by research applying behavioral theory to identify potentially modifiable correlates and associated processes. We applied an integrated social cognition model to identify theory-based constructs and processes that relate to physical activity intentions in a secondary analysis of two samples of Finnish adolescents using a correlational design. METHOD: Participants in the first sample (n = 455) completed self-report measures of social cognition constructs from theory of planned behavior, habit, self-discipline, and past and current physical activities. Participants in the second sample (n = 3878) completed identical measures plus measures of socio-structural and socio-environmental factors. Participants from the first sample also wore accelerometers for 1 week. Hypothesized model effects were tested using variance-based structural equation modeling in data from the first sample and subsequently confirmed in a pre-registered analysis of data from the second sample. RESULTS: Across both samples, habit, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and self-reported past behavior were associated with physical activity intention. Effects of self-reported past physical activity on intention were partially mediated by social cognition constructs. Effects of accelerometer-based physical activity were small by comparison. Effects of socio-structural and socio-environmental factors on intention in the second sample were partially mediated by the social cognition constructs. CONCLUSION: Results corroborate beliefs and habit as consistent correlates of adolescents physical activity intentions and provide preliminary evidence that social cognition constructs account for effects of socio-structural and socio-environmental factors on intentions.

This study explores how the behavioral intention of the residents of Mezcala de la Asunción is influenced by their biocultural context (culture and natural environment) to create strategic ideas and solutions to the problem of the accumulation, management and final disposal of waste. The methodological design was qualitative and interpretive, and it was guided by the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Each narrative segment was aligned to the definition of each of the variables that compose the TPB. The methods used were 11 individual interviews, 4 focus groups and 51 photographs. The results suggest that the residents of Mezcala still maintain a connection to their natural environment that strongly influenced as a positive moderator the three central variables of the TPB: attitude towards behaviour, subjective norm and perceived control. These results could increase villager’s bhavioral intention to participate in a collective strategy to reduce garbage in…, Cette étude explore comment l'intention comportementale des habitants de la Mezcala de la Asunción, à Jalisco, est influencée par leur contexte bioculturel (culture et environnement naturel) pour créer des idées et des solutions stratégiques au problème de l'accumulation des déchets. La conception méthodologique est qualitative et interprétative guidée par la théorie du comportement planifié (TCP). Chaque segment narratif a été aligné sur la définition de chacune des variables qui composent le TCP. Les méthodes utilisées dans la phase de collecte des données ont été : 11 entretiens individuels, 4 focus groupes et 51 photographies. Les résultats suggèrent que les habitants de Mezcala maintiennent toujours un lien avec leur environnement naturel, ce qui influence fortement en tant que modérateur positif les trois variables centrales du CPT : Attitude envers le comportement, Norme subjective et Contrôle perçu. Ces résultats peuvent accroître l'intention comportementale des habitants à participer à une stratégie collective., Questo studio esplora come l'intenzione comportamentale dei residenti di Mezcala de la Asunción, a Jalisco, sia influenzata dal loro contesto bioculturale (cultura e ambiente naturale) per creare idee e soluzioni strategiche al problema dell'accumulo di rifiuti. Il disegno metodologico è qualitativo e interpretativo guidato dalla Teoria del Comportamento Pianificato (TCP). Ogni segmento narrativo è stato allineato alla definizione di ciascuna delle variabili che compongono il TCP. Le modalità utilizzate nella fase di raccolta dati sono state: 11 interviste individuali, 4 focus group e 51 fotografie. I risultati suggeriscono che i residenti di Mezcala mantengono ancora una connessione con il loro ambiente naturale, che influenza fortemente come moderatore positivo le tre variabili centrali del CPT: Atteggiamento verso il comportamento, Norma soggettiva e Controllo percepito. Questi risultati possono aumentare l'intenzione comportamentale degli abitanti di partecipare a una strategia collettiva., Este estudo explora como a intenção comportamental dos moradores de Mezcala de la Asunción, em Jalisco, é influenciada por seu contexto biocultural (cultura e ambiente natural) para criar ideias e soluções estratégicas para o problema do acúmulo de lixo. O delineamento metodológico é qualitativo e interpretativo pautado na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP). Cada segmento narrativo foi alinhado à definição de cada uma das variáveis que compõem o TCP. Os métodos utilizados na fase de recolha de dados foram: 11 entrevistas individuais, 4 grupos focais e 51 fotografias. Os resultados sugerem que os moradores de Mezcala ainda mantêm uma conexão com seu ambiente natural, o que influencia fortemente como moderador positivo as três variáveis centrais do CPT: Atitude em relação ao comportamento, Norma subjetiva e Controle percebido. Esses resultados podem aumentar a intenção comportamental dos moradores de participar de uma estratégia coletiva., Este estudio explora cómo la intención conductual de los residentes de Mezcala de la Asunción, en Jalisco, es influenciada por su contexto biocultural (cultura y entorno natural) para crear ideas y soluciones estratégicas al problema de la acumulación de la basura. El diseño metodológico es cualitativo e interpretativo y está guiado por la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TCP). Cada segmento narrativo se alineó a la definición de cada una de las variables que componen la TCP. Los métodos utilizados en la fase de recolección de datos fueron once entrevistas individuales, cuatro grupos focales y 51 fotografías. Los resultados sugieren que los residentes de Mezcala aún mantienen una conexión con su entorno natural, el cual influye fuertemente como moderador positivo en las tres variables centrales de la TPC: la actitud hacia el comportamiento, la norma subjetiva y el control percibido. Estos resultados pueden incrementar la intención conductual de los pobladores...

Purpose: In the past decades, a positive attitude towards having children has been reported inyoung people. The current generation of adolescents is increasingly concerned about environmentalcataclysm which may have an impact on their desire for children. The purpose of this study is todepict the current attitudes in Flemish adolescents towards having children.Materials and methods: All secondary schools in Flanders (Belgium) were invited to distribute ananonymous online survey among their pupils in the last two years of secondary education. In total, 1700adolescents participated and provided quantitative and qualitative data on their reproductive intentions.Results: Most pupils expressed a desire for children (60.2%), 24.7% were undecided and 10.8% werenot willing to have children. Significantly more boys than girls would like to have children (67.0%versus 61.7%, p < 0.01). Adolescents who were uncertain about having children or not interested,reported financial reasons and loss of freedom as most important reasons.Conclusions: While most adolescents would like to have children in the future, one in fouradolescents is undecided and one in ten indicates a wish to remain childless; reasons for wantingchildren are rather personal, reasons for not wanting children are rather pragmatic.SHORT CONDENSATIONA desire for parenthood is no longer the norm: 60% of Flemish adolescents would like to build afamily, but many are considering a future without children., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Austin introduce la idea de asegurar el uptake en el contexto de su intento por trazar la distinción ilocución-perlocución. Recientemente, esa noción es retomada por teóricos neoaustinianos de los actos de habla para sostener que el uptake es el desencadenante de los efectos deónticos asociados convencionalmente a una ilocución (derechos, deberes, obligaciones, permisos…). En este trabajo se distinguen dos tipos de uptake, uptake-como-entender y uptake-como-aceptar, y se defiende que el segundo permite formular una teoría de la acción lingüística plausible inspirada en las ideas originales de Austin. Si se adopta esa noción, cuestiones difíciles sobre la acción lingüística pueden aclararse., Austin introduces the idea of securing the uptake in the context of dealing with the illocutionperlocution distinction. In recent times, the notion is employed by some neoaustinian scholars to argue that the uptake is what triggers the deontic effects (rights, duties, obligations, permissions, etc.) associated to an illocution. Here, a distinction is made between two kinds of uptake: uptake-as-understanding and uptake-asaccepting, and the stance that the second is the one needed for a plausible theory of speech action inspired by Austin’s original ideas is defended. When that notion is adopted, some old problems about speech action can be clarified., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Depto. de Lógica y Filosofía Teórica, Fac. de Filosofía, TRUE, pub

This essay explores the instances in which human remains were used as material for contemporary artworks. Partly, the aim of the research is to find out why these materials are used and why it is important for the intended purpose of the artist that they do so. Another part of the aim is to investigate the representational layers of the material, and how the use of the material fits into a larger sociological context surrounding what we consider “proper care” of the dead. This is achieved through a thematic interpretive analysis which looks at the representation of the material, disruption of the dead and intention provided by the artists through the theoretical perspectives of Thomas Laqueur, Robert Hertz and Amelia Jones. In the end, the research concludes that the use of human remains as material for artworks is an intentional and imperative choice by the artists, who use the material to make grander statements about predetermined social orders and provide alternative ways of conceiving remains. For this to be done, the disruption of those social orders is a vital act, which is achieved through the disruption of human remains, making the “proper care” of the dead a necessarily neglected process. The fact that these bodies do represent a self, a life which has been previously lived with differing degrees of immediacy, is also required for the previously mentioned disruption to be able to take place. Our inherent insistence to access these represented selves serves to cause discomfort and redirect our attention to the will of the artists, who, in the making of the artwork, either repress or collaborate with the represented selves in order to make the statements which they set out to make.

The Belgian artist Pierre Alechinsky (1927– ) is the last living member of Cobra (Copenhagen Brussel Amsterdam), a European avant-garde art movement, which was active between 1948 and 1951. The aim of this study is to examine the style of Alechinsky as it evolved after 1951 while also providing an introduction to the art of Alechinsky to a Swedish audience. To do so, I focus primarily on three of Alechinsky’s artworks: Migration (1951), Central Park (1965) and Passerelle (II) (1986). The theoretical framework is derived from Michael Baxandall’s book Patterns of Intention (1985), which explains historical objects through the cultural context in which they were created. The analyses are based on terms borrowed from Jan-Gunnar Sjölin’s semiotic method from Att tolka bilder (1998), and focus on the artworks’s materiality, comprising the use of materials, plasticity and verbal meanings. The results show that Alechinsky incorporates stylistic features, such as Japanese calligraphy, derived from his trips abroad and his interactions with fellow artists. A shift from abstraction to figuration occurred between the earlier Migration and later Central Park. Alechinsky’s style in Central Park and Passerelle (II) is characterised by his use of sidenotes and marouflage while blending figurative and abstract images. Alechinsky’s style in the later artworks includes the usage of Indian ink as well as clear acrylic colours. Both Central Park and Passerelle (II) include brushwork and organic shapes, which between the two artworks have similarities with each other. The brushwork for example, creates lines that creates movement which can be seen in the central pictures of Central Park and Passerelle (II). Alechinsky’s style is also characterised by square and rectangular shapes that contains pictures. It is a style in the grey zone of abstraction and figuration, where conscious movement and structured spontaneity meet.

Antropogena klimatförändringar, förkortat AK, är ett av nutidens stora miljöproblem. För att hantera AK är människors motivation och intention att agera klimatvänligt viktigt, eftersom avsaknad motivation och intention att adressera AK kan bringa negativa konsekvenser för samhället. Individers motivation och intention att agera klimatvänligt kan influeras av framing, vilket syftar till att betona specifika delar av verkligheten. Vilken framing som används kan vara avgörande ifall individer agerar klimatvänligt eller inte. Den konventionella framing som dominerar samhället grundas i att betona fakta och de negativa effekterna av AK. AK framställs som en inkräktande katastrof vilken bör hanteras via uppoffringar, förluster och kostnader. Konventionella klimatkommunikationen kan leda till passivitet hos individer och en önskan att undvika ämnet. Eftersom motivation och intention att agera klimatvänligt är betydande uppstår behovet att skapa en icke-konventionell framing som tar människors psykologiska barriärer i åtanke. Syftet med studien var att applicera Stoknes (2015) teori om de fem psykologiska barriärerna som hindrar en effektiv klimatkommunikation och hur dessa barriärer kan tas i åtanke för att uppnå en mer effektiv klimatkommunikation. Två olika framing alternativ i form av berättelser var fokus för studien. Frågeställningen var: Hur påverkar konventionell respektive icke-konventionell framing individers motivation och intention att agera klimatvänligt? För att testa berättelserna utfördes ett kontrollerat experiment och en sluten enkät utgjorde mätinstrument för att kvantifiera motivation och intention. Data från enkäten analyserades med Mann-Whitney U test och Cohen’s d test. En viss ökning av motivation och intention ägde rum, men det fanns inte en statistisk signifikant skillnad i motivation och intention att agera klimatvänligt efter deltagarna utsatts för en berättelse. Data antyder förändringar i motivation och intention skett för gruppen som tog del a, Anthropogenic climate change, abbreviated ACC, is a major environmental problem. People’s motivation and intention to act climate-friendly is important in addressing ACC since lacking motivation and intention to address ACC can have dire consequences for society and the environment. Individuals’ motivation and intention to act climate-friendly can be influenced by framing, which refers to the practice of emphasizing certain aspects of reality. What type of framing is being utilized can be crucial regarding individuals acting climate-friendly. The conventional framing dominating society is based on emphasizing facts and negative consequences of ACC. ACC is portrayed as an encroaching disaster managed via sacrifices, losses, and costs. However, this can lead to passivity and a desire to avoid the topic. Since motivation and intention to act climate-friendly is important, the need for a non-conventional framing arises. The study's purpose was to create a framing that took psychological barriers into account based on Stoknes (2015) theories regarding climate communication and to investigate how it affected motivation and intention to act climate-friendly. The research question was: How do conventional framing and non-conventional framing affect individuals’ motivation and intention to act climate-friendly? Two framing alternatives made up of stories about ACC were tested during a controlled experiment, and motivation and intention were quantified utilizing a closed-ended questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Cohen’s d test. A slight increase in motivation and intention was measured, but no statistically significant difference existed in motivation and intention to act climate-friendly after the participants had been subjected to a framing alternative. Data suggests changes in motivation and intention to act climate-friendly occurred for the group subjected to the non-conventional framing, and thus further research should be conducted with a

Samhället jobbar kontinuerligt med att ta fram hållbara lösningar och strävar efter en cirkulär ekonomi för att minska avfall och överutnyttjande av resurser. Konsumenters returbeteende och företags returhantering via e-handeln, motsäger dock detta då det är en ohållbar praxis eftersom kläder idag slängs och bränns upp innan de brukats. Det står i stark kontrast till att främja hållbar resursanvändning och en ansvarsfull klädindustri. Därför har vi i denna studie valt att undersöka unga kvinnors attityder gentemot returer av kläder köpta via e-handeln och vilka faktorer som har inverkan när unga kvinnor överväger sitt beslut att returnera kläder inköpta via e-handel. Genom att utforska denna problematik kan vi bättre förstå de utmaningar vi står inför och identifiera möjliga lösningar för att främja en mer hållbar och ansvarsfull hantering av kläder. Studien grundas på teorier som behandlar beteende, resursanvändning, impulsköp och tillfredsställelse, som hjälper oss att förstå varför konsumenterna returnerar kläder inköpta via e-handeln. Undersökningen har utgått från en kvalitativ forskningsdesign med en induktiv ansats för att få en djupare förståelse för konsumenters returbeteende. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i form av intervjuer med tolv unga kvinnliga studenter på Uppsala universitet Campus Gotland. Studiens empiriska material samlades in via semistrukturerade intervjuer där frågorna utgick från fem olika kategorier som baserades på studiens teoretiska referensram. Studiens resultat visade att det inte alltid är en konsumentens attityd gentemot ett visst beteende som automatiskt leder till att beteendet faktiskt utförs. I stället är det faktorer som ekonomiska förhållanden, demografiska faktorer, social press, känslor och kunskap som spelar en avgörande roll när det kommer till konsumenters beteenden., Society continuously works on enabling sustainable solutions and strives for a circular economy to reduce waste and overexploitation of resources. But the return behaviour related to e-commerce of clothes, both on consumer side and on the corporate side, contradicts the strives of the society, since the return behaviour entails untenable praxis since returned clothing today are thrown away and burned before they have been used. This is in strong contrast to promoting sustainable resource usage and a responsible clothing industry. Therefore, in this study we have chosen to investigate young women's attitudes towards returning clothes via ecommerce and which factors that have an impact when young women consider returning clothes via e-commerce. The research design employed a qualitative approach with an inductive stance to gain a deeper understanding of consumers' return behaviour. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with twelve young female students at Uppsala University Campus Gotland. The study's findings demonstrated that a consumer's attitude towards a specific behaviour does not always automatically translate into the actual performance of that behaviour. Instead, factors such as economic conditions, demographic factors, social pressure, emotions, and knowledge play a crucial role when it comes to consumers' behaviours.

Bitcoin är en teknologi som har blivit allt mer etablerad i det svenska samhället. Trots att så pass många känner till teknologin är det fortfarande väldigt få som använder den. Denna studie ämnar undersöka vad som påverkar det svenska folkets acceptans av Bitcoin med hjälp av det teoretiska ramverket TAM, samt med tillägg för finansiell risk och med ett fokus på demografiska variablers (externa faktorers) påverkan på acceptansen. En kvantitativ surveyundersökning genomfördes genom en webbenkät, där totalt 204 respondenter deltog. Resultaten från enkäten analyserades med hjälp av dataanalysmetoden PLS-SEM vilket visade att upplevd användarnytta hade en signifikant positiv påverkan på en individs attityd mot Bitcoin. Vidare visade studien en signifikant positiv koppling mellan den upplevda användarvänligheten och den upplevda nyttan av Bitcoin. Dock fann studien att de testade externa faktorerna samt att tillägget av finansiell risk inte hade någon signifikant påverkan på resultatet., Bitcoin is a technology that has become increasingly established in Swedish society. Despite the fact that so many people know about the technology, very few actually use it. This study aims to investigate what affects the Swedish people's acceptance of Bitcoin using the theoretical framework TAM, as well as with additions for financial risk and with a focus on the influence of demographic variables (external factors) on acceptance. A quantitative survey was conducted using a web survey, in which a total of 204 respondents participated. The results from the survey were analyzed using the data analysis method PLS-SEM, which showed that perceived usefulness had a significant positive impact on an individual's attitude towards Bitcoin. Furthermore, the study showed a significant positive link between an individual's perceived ease of use and their perceived usefulness of Bitcoin. However, the study found that the tested external factors and that the addition of financial risk had no significant impact on the result.

Background: The protection of the environment requires everyone in this world to act together. If more individuals have the intention to protect the environment, then more individuals and a higher probability of taking action to protect the environment. In order to arouse individuals' attention to environmental issues, some non-profit organizations and government agencies have released public service advertisements. As a way of constructing advertisements, message framing can awaken individuals' emotional responses to the content of public service advertisements by conveying positive or negative information. Positive information can arouse individuals' positive emotions, while negative information can cause individuals' negative emotional reactions. Emotional responses could have an impact on individuals. Therefore, this article focuses on whether there is a relationship between emotional responses and intention. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to explain how the emotional response to the message framing in public service advertisement impact individuals’ intention to protect the environment. Methodology: This thesis followed a deductive approach; thus, the quantitative research method is applied to this paper. The data collection method is the questionnaire, the authors designed a self-completed questionnaire, and it was sent out online. Before the questionnaire sent, there was a small-scale pretest of the questions was conducted. Then, the questionnaire was posted online, and the authors received 590 valid responses as a result. Afterward, the authors used SPSS as the technical tool to analyze the data. Coding, descriptive analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data and test the hypothesis. Findings: This study found that positive emotional responses to positive message frames in PSAs had a positive impact on individuals' intentions to protect the environment. In addition, negativ

Denna uppsats syfte är att analysera och finna mönster på hur användare reflekterar över framställningen av sin profil på Tinder beroende på deras intentioner. Frågeställningarna som besvaras är hur användare reflekterar kring vilka intentioner som driver dem att använda Tinder, samt hur användare motiverar sina självrepresentationer beroende på dess intentioner. Studiens analys utgår från konsumtionsteorin, teorin om onstage/offstage, objektifieringsteorin, The Male Gaze, samt teorin om sociala representationer (Bauman, 2008; Ekström, 2008; Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997; Goffman, 2020; Mulvey, 1975). För att få en djupare förståelse kring människors reflektioner och motiveringar bakom sina val och intentioner, har en kvalitativ metod använts. Undersökningen genomfördes med semistrukturerade intervjuer, som transkriberades och tolkades därefter. Studien följer forskningsetiska principer som Vetenskapsrådets (2002) fyra huvudkrav och etikprövningsmyndighetens (u.å.) riktlinjer. Resultatet visar att användare på Tinder har olika intentioner, och deras självrepresentation anpassas därefter. Vissa framhäver sina bästa sidor samtidigt som de skapar sin profil efter hur de uppfattar sig själva, andra skapar en profil som medvetet ej matchar deras intentioner. Till exempel är det möjligt för användare att ljuga om sin ålder för att nå en annan åldersgrupp. Det finns en generell uppfattning om att män är ute efter tillfälliga sexuella relationer i större utsträckning än kvinnor. Könsnormer lever kvar, men användare jobbar även aktivt mot dem. Analysen av resultatet ger oss en nyanserad bild över hur användare motiverar sin självrepresentation på Tinder beroende på vad de vill få ut av appen. Några slutsatser som drogs är att användare anser att det går att avgöra användares intentioner i appen på första intrycket, innan interaktionen har skett. Användarnas självrepresentation påverkas av appens lätt, The purpose of this study is to analyze and find patterns in how users reflect on the representation of themself in their Tinder profile, depending on their intentions. The questions answered in this essay are about how users reflect on what intentions drives them to use Tinder, and how users motivate their self-representation depending on their intentions. The analysis of this study is based on the consumption theory, the theory of onstage/offstage, the objectification theory, The Male Gaze and the theory of social representations (Bauman, 2008; Ekström, 2008; Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997; Goffman, 2020; Mulvey, 1975). To create a deeper understanding of the reflections and motivations behind the choices and intentions, a qualitative method has been used in this essay. The study was conducted with semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and later interpreted. The study follows research ethics principles such as four main requirements from Vetenskapsrådet (2002) and guidelines from etikprövningsmyndighetens (u.å.). The result shows that people who use Tinder have different intentions, and their self-representation is adapted accordingly. Some users feature their best qualities at the same time as they create their profile according to how they perceive themselves. Others create a profile that deliberately does not match their intentions. For example, it is possible for users to lie about their age to reach another group of age. There is a general perception that men are looking for short-term sexual relationships, while women are searching for something more long-term. Gender roles are noticeable, but users try to make them less significant. The analysis of the study has resulted in a meaningful and extensive picture of how users motivate their self-representation on Tinder depending on what they want to achieve by using the application. A few conclusions that were drawn are that users seem to believe that you can determine someone's intentions wit

Social enterprises help sustainably develop the national economy by focusing on social values. Social entrepreneurs contribute to significantly reducing unemployment, poverty, and social evils. Therefore, developing entrepreneurship education to increase the number of social entrepreneurs deserves the attention of many countries. Women are also part of society. However, female entrepreneurs make up only one-third of that of men. This study evaluated the differences between gender groups in the relationship between education and social entrepreneurship intention. Data collected from 811 Vietnamese students were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling to assess gender differences. The results show that there is a significant difference between women and men in the formation of social entrepreneurship intentions. Meanwhile, the impact of entrepreneurship education on gender is not clear.

The development and diffusion of sustainable innovations are of interest to various public and private sector actors. The diffusion of sustainable innovations into value networks facilitates and is facilitated by the change of markets towards sustainability; however, this interaction needs further investigation. We examine how combinations of value network actors’ intentions and activities affect market change for a sustainable innovation We empirically explore market change related to introducing bioplastics into plastic food packaging value networks. We increase the understanding of market change for a sustainable innovation by showing how not only the actors with direct intentions to support the innovation but actors and activities indirectly related to the sustainable innovation contribute to market change. Such indirectly supportive activities focus on broader sustainability aims and can, for example, change market representations, practices, and norms in favor of the sustainable innovation. We propose sustainability layers to understand the diverse sustainability focuses of actors and their relation to the market change in question. Specifically, we contribute to market change literature by broadening the examination scope beyond the most active actors driving market change for an innovation.