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Not only is visual attention shifted to objects in the external world, attention can also be directed to objects in memory. We have recently shown that pupil size indexes how strongly items are attended externally, which was reflected in more precise encoding into visual working memory. Using a retro-cuing paradigm, we here replicated this finding by showing that stronger pupil constrictions during encoding were reflective of the depth of encoding. Importantly, we extend this previous work by showing that pupil size also revealed the intensity of internal attention toward content stored in visual working memory. Specifically, pupil dilation during the prioritization of one among multiple internally stored representations predicted the precision of the prioritized item. Furthermore, the dynamics of the pupillary responses revealed that the intensity of internal and external attention independently determined the precision of internalized visual representations. Our results show that both internal and external attention are not all-or-none processes, but should rather be thought of as continuous resources that can be deployed at varying intensities. The employed pupillometric approach allows to unravel the intricate interplay between internal and external attention and their effects on visual working memory.

Background and aimsWith existing undernutrition in the developing world, the prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly. Some studies reported an association of intestinal parasitic infection (IPIs) with undernutrition while few recent studies reported an inverse association of IPIs with overweight and obesity. This study evaluated the comparative risk and associated factors of IPIs among under (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5), normal (BMI: 18.5-24.9) and overweight (BMI > 24.9) school-aged adolescents.MethodsA total of 105 fecal samples were collected, with 35 samples from each group. The collected samples were tested for the presence of intestinal parasites via concentration method, and the parasites were identified morphologically.ResultsOverall prevalence of IPIs was 5.71% with 3 protozoa viz Giardia lamblia (2.86%), Entamoeba histolytica (1.90%) and Endolimax nana (0.95%). Univariate and multivariable regression analysis indicated none of the nutritional, socioeconomic status, demographic, lifestyle and behavioral characteristics were significantly associated with the prevalence of overall IPIs. Yet, significant numbers of male reported undernutrition and elevated risk of IPIs in this study population.ConclusionDespite low prevalence of IPIs in this study, risk of IPIs is attributable to individual differences in behavior like "not using soap for hand washing". Relatively elevated malnutrition with risky hygiene behaviors, male adolescents appeared as risky cluster of school age population.

Previous work assessing the effect of additive noise on the postural control system has found a positive effect of additive white noise on postural dynamics. This study covers two separate experiments that were run sequentially to better understand how the structure of the additive noise signal affects postural dynamics, while also furthering our knowledge of how the intensity of auditory stimulation of noise may elicit this phenomenon. Across the two experiments, we introduced three auditory noise stimulations of varying structure (white, pink, and brown noise). Experiment 1 presented the stimuli at 35 dB while Experiment 2 was presented at 75 dB. Our findings demonstrate a decrease in variability of the postural control system regardless of the structure of the noise signal presented, but only for high intensity auditory stimulation.

We are grateful to all discussants for their invaluable comments, suggestions, questions, and contributions to our article. We have attentively reviewed all discussions with keen interest. In this rejoinder, our objective is to address and engage with all points raised by the discussants in a comprehensive and considerate manner. Consistently, we identify the discussants, in alphabetical order, as follows: CJK for Cronie, Jansson, and Konstantinou, DS for Stoyan, GP for Grabarnik and Pommerening, MRS for Myllymäki, Rajala, and Särkkä, and MCvL for van Lieshout throughout this rejoinder., This article is response to commentaries for DOI:10.1007/s13253-024-00606-0,10.1007/s13253-024-00607-z10.1007/s13253-024-00608-y10.1007/s13253-024-00609-x10.1007/s13253-024-00610-4

This work focuses on fear, fear in the pandemic, and how the population exposes, diversifies, intensifies, reconverts and contextualizes it. It is said that it is an emotion of survival, also a social and political product with intention, its protection function is considered positive and its tensional chronicity is detrimental. There are various theories and opinions about fear, but what matters here is what people describe and explain, and above all its broad and deep meaning in their own voice. Among the findings, the diversity of fears stands out, the intensity of the fear of the pandemic, its permanence over time. As well as the fear of the other, as contagious and as non-compliant, that is, a biological fear of physical survival and a social fear, of survival of the group, the system and the social structure., Este trabajo se centra en el miedo, el miedo en la pandemia, y como la población lo expone, diversifica, intensifica, reconvierte y contextualiza. Se dice que es emoción de sobrevivencia, también producto social y político con intención, se considera positiva su función de protección y perjudicial su cronicidad tensional. Diversas son las teorías y opiniones frente al miedo, pero lo que aquí interesa es lo que las personas describen y explican, y sobre todo su significado amplio y profundo en su propia voz. Entre los hallazgos destaca la diversidad de miedos, la intensidad del miedo de la pandemia, su permanencia en el tiempo. Así como el miedo al otro, como contagiador y como no cumplidor, esto es, un miedo biológico de sobrevivencia física y un miedo social, de sobrevivencia del grupo, el sistema y estructura social.

Several housing damages caused by geological faults are becoming increasingly frequent in certain areas of Mexico City (CDMX), their intensity and repetition are beginning to alarm many inhabitants due to the serious damage to the structure of their homes. Therefore, it is urgent to identify the possible existing active and inactive geological faults, identifying them using vector data visualized using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The objective of this analysis is focused on mapping using geomatic methods the main geological faults based on photointerpretation and obtaining vector data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) of the current urban areas and the National Risk Atlas, to contrast this information and highlight the existing problems. The San Juan de Aragón 1st Section neighborhood was chosen as the study area, to warn the population with a methodology using Geographic Information Systems and notifying them about possible affectations due to geological faults in their homes. As a conclusion, the cartography obtained should be implemented in houses established in places with some degree of risk, the contribution of the mapping using GIS will be a substantial and precise contribution to establishing civil protection mechanisms in the population of the CDMX, likewise, this contribution can be replicated in different parts of the world where the problems are similar to the examined area., Diversas averías en viviendas por fallas geológicas comienzan a ser cada vez más frecuentes en algunas zonas de la Ciudad de México (CDMX), su intensidad y repetición comienza a alarmar a muchos habitantes debido a los graves daños en la estructura de sus hogares, por lo anterior, es urgente conocer cuáles son las posibles fallas geológicas activas e inactivas existentes identificándolas por medio de datos vectoriales visualizadas por medio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). El objetivo del presente análisis se centra en cartografiar por medio de métodos geomáticos las principales fallas geológicas con base en fotointerpretación y obtención de datos vectoriales del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) de las zonas urbanas actuales y del Atlas Nacional de Riesgos, con el objetivo de contrastar dicha información y evidenciar las problemáticas existentes. Se eligió la colonia San Juan de Aragón 1ra Sección como zona de estudio, con el objetivo de prevenir a la población con metodología utilizando Sistemas de Información Geográfica y notificar sobre posibles percances por fallas geológicas en su vivienda. Como conclusión la cartografía obtenida se deberá implementar en viviendas establecidas en sitios con algún grado de riesgo, el aporte del mapeo por medio de SIG fundará un contribución sustancial y precisa para instaurar mecanismos de protección civil en la población de la CDMX, así mismo, dicho aporte pueda replicarse en diversas partes del mundo donde las problemáticas sean similares a la zona examinada.

Aphasia, a common communication disorder following a stroke, significantly impacts psychosocial wellbeing and quality of life. Despite advancements in rehabilitation frameworks, traditional impairment-based interventions prevail, leaving gaps in addressing holistic needs. This study aims to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) between intensive comprehensive aphasia programs (ICAP), modified ICAPs (mICAPs) and individual usual care (UC) service delivery models for aphasia intervention. Eighteen participants with aphasia were broadly recruited for this study. Each completed a series of PROMs pre-and post-treatment examining psychosocial wellbeing, communicative participation, and health related quality of life. Results indicate that intensive programs show potential for greater gains in psychosocial wellbeing, communicative participation, and quality of life. It suggests that while usual care models may yield some benefits, they generally result in fewer gains compared to intensive programs, endorsing the mICAP service delivery model as a potentially efficacious alternative for overcoming barriers associated with intensive interventions.

This study addresses the gap in literature by directly comparing the effectiveness of Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Programs (ICAPs) and modified ICAPs (mICAPs) to usual care service delivery models for people with aphasia. Through a prospective study design, cognitive-linguistic function change scores across different service delivery models were examined. The findings reveal significant within-group improvements in cognitive-linguistic function for participants in ICAPs, with some improvement seen in mICAPs and usual care conditions. Intensive models demonstrated greater improvement compared to non-intensive usual care models, particularly evident in the Western Aphasia Battery – Revised and the Boston Naming Test – Second Edition. However, this trend was not consistent across all assessment measures, suggesting variability in outcomes. Additionally, no strong correlation was found between program intensity and cognitive-linguistic outcomes at the group level. Furthermore, the study found no significant relationship between time post-onset of aphasia and cognitive-linguistic change scores, indicating that individuals with aphasia can experience meaningful improvements regardless of chronicity. Despite efforts to mitigate limitations such as small sample size and participant variability, caution is warranted in generalizing results. Future research should explore this topic with larger, multi-site studies to further validate findings and enhance generalizability. Nevertheless, the study provides valuable insights supporting the implementation of intensive treatment approaches for people with aphasia, highlighting their potential to significantly enhance cognitive-linguistic function.

ESA’s BIOMASS is the seventh Earth Explorer mission. It will be devoted to the global monitoring of: 1) above ground forest biomass and biomass change maps with an accuracy < 20%, a 100-200 m spatial resolution, and 6-12 months temporal resolution; 2) global forest disturbance maps with a classification accuracy > 90%, a 50-200 m spatial resolution, and 2-12 months temporal resolution; and 3) global forest height maps with an accuracy of 20-30%, 100 m spatial resolution, and 12 months temporal resolution.BIOMASS is based on a P-band SAR (438 MHz center frequency, 6 MHz bandwidth) orbiting in a dawn-dusk, Sun-synchronous orbit at 674 km, that will systematically acquire fully- (quad-) polarized image data in an interferometric mode over all major forested areas on the globe and a tomographic phase (7 images) to retrieve forest vertical structure information. At P-band ionospheric effects are very important and need to be corrected for. This paper describes the current status of the Ionospheric module for the Biomass End-to-end Performance Simulator (BEEPS-IOM)., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Purpose: To investigate the effect of different resistance training (RT) protocols with 5 equated volume load on acute mechanical and metabolic responses. Methods: In a 6 randomized order, eighteen men performed 8 different training protocols in the bench 7 press exercise consisting of (sets, repetitions, intensity, and inter-set recoveries): 3x16, 8 40% 1RM, 2 and 5 minutes; 6x8, 40% 1RM, 2 and 5 minutes; 3x8, 80% 1RM, 2 and 5 9 minutes; and 6x4, 80% 1RM, 2 and 5 minutes. Volume load was equalized between 10 protocols (1920 AU). Velocity loss and effort index (EI) attained during the session were 11 calculated. Movement velocity against the 60% 1RM and blood lactate concentration pre 12 post exercise were used to assess the mechanical and metabolic responses, respectively. 13 Results: RT protocols performed with heavy load (80% 1RM) resulted in a lower (P<.05) 14 total number of repetitions (ES=-2.44) and volume load (ES=-1.79) than the scheduled 15 ones when longer set configurations and shorter rest periods were used in the same 16 protocol (i.e., higher training density protocols). Protocols including higher number of 17 repetitions per set and shorter rest times induced higher velocity loss, EI, and lactate 18 concentrations than the rest of protocols. Conclusions: Our results suggest that RT 19 protocols with similar volume load but different training variables (i.e., intensity, number 20 of sets and repetitions, rest between sets) produce different responses. Implementing 21 shorter number of repetitions per set and longer rest interval length are recommended to 22 reduce the intra-session and post-session fatigue.

This overview of current knowledge is examining research about teachers comprehension about assessment and grading of pupils’ in the subject of physical education. This overview has had a focus on determining how grading and documentation affects teachers and how they deal with the pressure. The following questions have been the starting point in this overview: What do teachers find problematic with assessment and grading? How do teachers assess and document pupils’ in physical education? and how are teachers affected by grading? The method that has been used is a mixed-method with both qualitative and quantitative form to obtain a result. The qualitative method has been interviews with four PE teachers from two different schools in upper secondary school. The quantitative method has been a survey sent out to PE teachers all around Sweden in two facebook groups made out for PE teachers. The participation reached 181 responses. The database that we used to obtain a literature overview was mainly Libsearch but we also used Swepub and EBSCO. The results show that there is a similar experience regarding assessment and grading in physical education. The result also shows that class size and number of pupils is an issue when it comes to grading because teachers feel like they don't have enough time to teach pupils; they more or less only assess pupils ́ with the curriculum from 2011. Furthermore some of the teachers think that other things like mentorship take too much time from the teacher's plan of the lessons and some teachers feel like the assessment and grading should disappear from physical education. The focus should lie in developing pupils and making them move rather than what the focus is today, assessment and grading.

Existing climatological ionosphere models, for example, GISM, SCIONAV, WBMOD, and STIPEE, have known limitations that prevent their wide use. In the framework of ESA study “Radio Climatology Models of the Ionosphere: Status and Way Forward” their performance was assessed using experimental observations of ionospheric scintillation collected over the past years to evaluate their ability to properly support future missions, and eventually indicate their weaknesses for future improvements. Model limitations are more important in terms of the intensity scintillation parameter (S4). To improve them, the COSMIC model has been fit (scaling factor and offset) to the measured data, and it became the one better predicting the intensity scintillation in a statistical sense., This research was funded by the project “Radio Climatology Models of the Ionosphere: Status and Way Forward,” ESA/ESTEC, grant number 4000120868/17/NL/AF [https://nebula.esa.int/content/radio-climatology-models-ionosphere-status-and-way-forward]. Article processing charges were funded by the project “GENESIS: GNSS Environmental and Societal Missions – Subproject UPC,” AEI Grant PID2021-126436OB-C21., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Forecasts about future emotion are often inaccurate, so why do people rely on them to make decisions? People may forecast some features of their emotional experience better than others, and they may report relying on forecasts that are more accurate to make decisions. To test this, four studies assessed the features of emotion people reported forecasting to make decisions about their careers, education, politics, and health. In Study 1, graduating medical students reported relying more on forecast emotional intensity than frequency or duration to decide how to rank residency programs as part of the process of being matched with a program. Similarly, participants reported relying more on forecast emotional intensity than frequency or duration to decide which universities to apply to (Study 2), which presidential candidate to vote for (Study 3), and whether to travel as Covid-19 rates declined (Study 4). Studies 1 and 3 also assessed forecasting accuracy. Participants forecast emotional intensity more accurately than frequency or duration. People make better decisions when they can anticipate the future. Thus, people's reports of relying on forecast emotional intensity to guide life-changing decisions, and the greater accuracy of these forecasts, provide important new evidence of the adaptive value of affective forecasts.

In this paper the characterization of the work of art as a map of intensity, as propo-sed by Gilles Deleuze in his essay What the children say (gathered in Critique et clinique), will be analyzed. Art’s cartographic aspect is linked to the concept of deterritorializationand the Body without Organs that the philosopher, along with Félix Guattarí, develops in Thousand Plateaus. Thus, the art-cartography represents the becoming-world of the subject that transits the Body-without-organs and the intensive differences that populate the desert of multiplicity. Each way travelled is descripted by an artistic map where the haecceities and the thresholds of flows that pierce through the disorganized bodies are portrayed. The map of intensity would be the cartographic representation of the haul travelled by a subject immersed in a hodologic space, being every line of the map a journey within an intensive space., En este artículo se analiza la caracterización de la obra de arte como un mapa de intensidad que propone Gilles Deleuze en su ensayo intitulado Lo que dicen los niños, recogido en el libro Crítica y clínica. El aspecto cartográfico del arte se vincula con el concepto de desterritorialización y el Cuerpo sin Órganos que desarrolla el filósofo, junto con Félix Guattarí, en Mil Mesetas. Así, el arte-cartografía representa el devenir-mundo del sujeto que transita el Cuerpo sin Órganos y las diferencias intensivas que pueblan el desierto de la multiplicidad. Cada trayecto recorrido es descrito por un mapa artístico donde se plasman las haecceidades y los umbrales de paso de los flujos que penetran los cuerpos desorganizados. El mapa de intensidad sería la representación cartográfica del trayecto que recorre un sujeto inmerso en un espacio hodológico, siendo cada línea del mapa un viaje en un espacio intensivo.

© 2001 Academic Press. OSA Annual Meeting (1998. Baltimore, Maryland, EE.UU). OSA Annual Meeting (1999. Santa Clara, California, EE.UU) Partial results were presented at the Annual Meeting of the Optical Society of America (Baltimore, 4–9 October 1998 and Santa Clara, September, 1999). The financial assistance from the Complutense University of Madrid Multidisciplinary Project PR486/97-7477/97) is acknowledged. We are indebted to Professor Jay M. Enoch for helpful suggestions and discussions. The authors also thank an anonymous referee for a careful review., Observer sensitivity to edge blur has been examined by experimental measurements of threshold blur as a function of contrast. An extension of previous results from Watt and Morgan for high-contrast blur edges is discussed and analyzed. We propose a psychophysical test based on a two-alternative forced choice test. The results found for three adult observers show a comparable behavior. A tendency for the blur threshold to reach an average value as contrast increases is mainly discussed. These results complement previous ones from other authors for which low- and intermediate-contrast ranges were analyzed. The observed behavior suggests a need to improve algorithms for image quality assessment, extending the actual range of contrast values to high-contrast ones., Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. We wish to thank Franco Gori for stimulating discussions and Anthony Siegman for useful comments. G.P. thanks supports from project PB97-295, Acción Integrada Hispánico Italiana HI-1998-077, and a grant from “Ayudas Complutense Postdoctorales” program., From a recently proposed technique, used to determine the modal weights of beams made up of incoherent superpositions of Hermite-Gaussian (PIG) modes, we derive the analytical expression of a family of functions which are biorthogonal to the squared HG functions. The knowledge of such functions enables the reconstruction of the modal content of these beams by means of the scalar-product with the intensity profile across a transverse plane., Acción Integrada Hispánico Italiana, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2015 American Meteorological Society. Comments from three anonymous reviewers and the editor, to whom the authors are grateful, greatly improved this manuscript. We highly appreciate the data of subtropical cyclones provided by Dr. Mark P. Guishard from The Pennsylvania State University. We thank Dr. Robert E. Hart from The Florida State University for providing us the cyclone phase diagrams as well. We are also grateful to Dr. Francisco Doblas Reyes from the Catalán Institute of Climate Sciences for his valuable comments and recommendations. This work was supported under a MECD Grant (Spanish government), the MINECO projects CGL2011-25327 and PCIN-2014-013-C07-04 (Spanish government), and by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant ATM1322532. Discussions with D. Iñigo Gomara and Dr. David Barriopedro from Complutense University of Madrid about RWB and blockings, respectively, are also appreciated., Since more research is needed on subtropical cyclones (STCs) formed within the North Atlantic eastern basin, this survey analyzes them from a synoptic point of view, on a climatological basis, with the main aims of studying their common features, complementing other studies of these storms in the North Atlantic, and aiding the forecasting community. Fifteen cases of STCs were identified during the period 1979-2011 by applying a set of criteria from two databases. Composite analysis reveals that an extratropical depression acts as a precursor when it is isolated from the westerlies and then suffers a deepening when becoming subtropical instead of decaying through occlusion. This process is accompanied by an atmospheric circulation, within the North Atlantic, whose main feature is characterized by notable departures from the climatological pattern with a statistically significant anomalous high pressure to the north of the STCs. Three conceptual models of synoptic pattern of subtropical cyclogenesis are derived and show that these departures appeared because the westerly circulation moves poleward and/ or the flow has a great meridional component, with the possibility of a blocked flow pattern occurring. Moreover, the identified STCs predominantly formed in a highly sheared (>10 m s^-1) environment with low sea surface temperature values (<25 degrees C), which differs from the dominant features of STCs in the North Atlantic, especially within its western region. Finally, a recent (2010) STC, identified by the authors, is synoptically discussed in order to achieve a better interpretation of the general results., Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD), España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), España, U.S. National Science Foundatiion, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2003 Optical Society of America. One of the authors (G. Piquero) acknowledges support from the project BFM2001-1356., It is shown that any partially polarized, partially coherent source can be expressed in terms of a suitable superposition of transverse coherent modes with orthogonal polarization states. Such modes are determined through the solution of a system of two coupled integral equations. An example, for which the modal decomposition is obtained in closed form in terms of fully linearly polarized Hermite Gaussian modes, is given., Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007. This paper has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (grant number REN2002-3984-E) and by MAPFRE Foundation. Mike Chenoweth and two anonymous reviewers provided extremely helpful comments, which we believe have improved substantially the original manuscript. Dennis Wheeler kindly corrected the final version of the manuscript., This paper analyses five hurricanes that occurred in the period 1600 to 1800. These examples were identified during a systematic search in the General Archive of the Indies (AGI) in Seville. The research combined the expertise of climatologists and historians in order to optimise the search and analysis strategies. Results demonstrate the potential of this archive for the assessment of hurricanes in this period and show some of the difficulties involved in the collection of evidence of hurricane activity. The documents provide detailed descriptions of a hurricane's impacts and allow us to identify previously unreported hurricanes, obtain more precise dates for hurricanes previously identified, better define the area affected by a given hurricane and, finally, better assess a hurricane's intensity., Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MCIT), España, Fundación MAPFRE, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), España, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2003 Royal Meteorological Society. This study is supported by the Spanish Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia under grant CLI98-0649. The Spanish Instituto Nacional de Meteorología provided the data for this study. The authors wish to thank the two anonymous referees for their useful comments, which contributed to improving the quality and presentation of this work., A strong decreasing trend in the Canary Islands' precipitation is detected by studying daily rainfall time series for the second half of the 20th century. An analysis of the extreme events shows that this trend is due mainly to a decrease in the upper percentiles of the precipitation distribution. The results suggest that local factors play a fundamental role on extreme event behaviour., Spanish Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© Springer-Verlag 2010. This study received support from MICINN through the TRODIM (CGL2007-65891-C05-05/CLI and CGL2007-65891-C05-02/CLI) projects, from IDL-FCUL through the ENAC (PTDC/AAC-CLI/103567/2008) project and from the EU 6th Framework Program (CIRCE) contract number 036961 (GOCE). We would like to thank J. F. González-Rouco for providing useful comments and suggestions. Two anonymous reviewers contributed to improve the final version of this paper., This paper aims to provide a new blocking definition with applicability to observations and model simulations. An updated review of previous blocking detection indices is provided and some of their implications and caveats discussed. A novel blocking index is proposed by reconciling two traditional approaches based on anomaly and absolute flows. Blocks are considered from a complementary perspective as a signature in the anomalous height field capable of reversing the meridional jet-based height gradient in the total flow. The method succeeds in identifying 2-D persistent anomalies associated to a weather regime in the total flow with blockage of the westerlies. The new index accounts for the duration, intensity, extension, propagation, and spatial structure of a blocking event. In spite of its increased complexity, the detection efficiency of the method is improved without hampering the computational time. Furthermore, some misleading identification problems and artificial assumptions resulting from previous single blocking indices are avoided with the new approach. The characteristics of blocking for 40 years of reanalysis (1950-1989) over the Northern Hemisphere are described from the perspective of the new definition and compared to those resulting from two standard blocking indices and different critical thresholds. As compared to single approaches, the novel index shows a better agreement with reported proxies of blocking activity, namely climatological regions of simultaneous wave amplification and maximum band-pass filtered height standard deviation. An additional asset of the method is its adaptability to different data sets. As critical thresholds are specific of the data set employed, the method is useful for observations and model simulations of different resolutions, temporal lengths and time variant basic states, optimizing its value as a tool for model validation. Special attention has been paid on the devise of an objective scheme easily applicable t, MICINN through the TRODIM, IDL-FCUL through the ENAC, EU 6th Framework Program (CIRCE), Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

The article contains the consideration devoted to the experience of a mother’s death described by authors of different generations in texts written in the 21st century. Those literary traces of intimate, painful feelings usually have a self-therapeutic purpose. The intensity of emotions, more often overt, sometimes hidden by writers, becomes an essential common ground in contemporary communication circuits., Artykuł zawiera rozważania poświęcone tekstom z XXI wieku zawierającym zapis doświadczenia śmierci matki, tworzonym przez autorów przynależących do różnych pokoleń. Literackie ślady takich intymnych i bolesnych uczuć odsłaniają z reguły swój autoterapeutyczny wymiar. Intensywność emocji, zazwyczaj jawna, czasami skrywana, staje się ważną płaszczyzną porozumienia we współczesnych obiegach komunikacyjnych.

In the context of global warming, cold waves have generated less interest in the scientific community than heat waves, despite their impacts on public health, transport infrastructures and energy consumption. The present study analyses climate change scenarios with simulations of the EURO-CORDEX project, using the Excess Cold Factor (ECF) index for the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands (IPB). The dimensions of intensity, frequency, duration and spatial extent are evaluated for the near future (2021–2050) with respect to the historical period of reference (1971–2000). The projections show a significant overall decrease in all dimensions. The mean change in maximum cold wave intensity is −50% over most of the IPB as a whole in the near future (2021–2050). The largest changes occur in the interior of the Peninsula, where the decrease is around −100%. The annual mean number of cold wave days decreases for the IPB as a whole by −50% compared to 1971–2000, with the maximum extent decreasing by more than the mean, with decreases of between −2.4%/decade and − 5.5%/decade. Although a smaller number of cold waves suggests less human exposure, the acclimatisation of the population to higher temperatures will imply that cold waves will continue to pose a serious local threat

Cognitive models of memory retrieval aim to describe human learning and forgetting over time. Such models have been successfully applied in digital systems that aid in memorizing information by adapting to the needs of individual learners. The memory models used in these systems typically measure the accuracy and latency of typed retrieval attempts. However, recent advances in speech technology have led to the development of learning systems that allow for spoken inputs. Here, we explore the possibility of improving a cognitive model of memory retrieval by using information present in speech signals during spoken retrieval attempts. We asked 44 participants to study vocabulary items by spoken rehearsal, and automatically extracted high-level prosodic speech features—patterns of stress and intonation—such as pitch dynamics, speaking speed and intensity from over 7,000 utterances. We demonstrate that some prosodic speech features are associated with accuracy and response latency for retrieval attempts, and that speech feature informed memory models make better predictions of future performance relative to models that only use accuracy and response latency. Our results have theoretical relevance, as they show how memory strength is reflected in a specific speech signature. They also have important practical implications as they contribute to the development of memory models for spoken retrieval that have numerous real-world applications., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Multimedia Computing

Sweet taste preference and liking have been assessed with various methods, yet there is no consensus in the literature on which method is most sensitive across a range of foods. The current studies explored several methods to assess sweet taste preference, liking and perceived intensity across various familiar and unfamiliar foods in Dutch consumers. In experiment 1, five different sweet foods, each with five sweetness concentration levels were evaluated on preference, liking and perceived intensity, using two methods for measuring liking and preference: ranking (n = 10), rating (n = 10); one for measuring perceived intensity: rating (n = 10); and one combining preference, liking and perceived intensity: structured napping (n = 10). The ranking method, despite having the highest discriminative power, gave no indication of inter-sample spacing nor absolute scores. In subsequent studies, ranking was thus combined with rating as “Ranking on a scale” (RoS). Experiments 2 (N = 31), 3 (N = 28) and 4 (N = 28) tested the RoS method across various familiar and unfamiliar foods and/or food forms. In Experiments 2 and 4, inverted-U-shaped hedonic responses were observed for all foods, and differences in preference for different sweetness concentration levels were detected. Experiments 3 and 4 showed that familiar foods were more liked than unfamiliar ones across all sweetness levels (Experiment 3 (F(1,1322) = 14.8, p <.001); Experiment 4 (F(1,803) = 38.1, p <.001)). Hence, RoS seems to be a viable method for assessing sweet taste preferences in both familiar and unfamiliar foods, among consumers. In future work we will apply this method to better understand the role of sweet taste exposure on preferences for a range of sweet foods.

In the current climate change scenario, heat waves have become one of the most concerning extreme climatic events, both because of their implications for human health and the economy, and because of their increase in intensity and frequency in recent decades. This work presents for the first time a climatological analysis of heat waves in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Archipelago (IPB) using the Excess Heat Factor index (EHF). This index considers the factor of intensity and the acclimatization process of human body in the study of heat waves. We focused on the intensity (also called severity), duration, frequency and spatial extension of heat waves in the IPB in the 1950–2020 period. The exceptional heat wave of August 2018 was approached in a similar way to further explore the usefulness of the EHF index. We found that the EHF index identified heat wave conditions 2 days earlier than indices that used only maximum temperatures. Results showed a significant increase in intensity, duration, frequency and spatial extension of heat waves for the whole IPB for 1950–2020 period. The average extent of heat waves increased by 4.0% per decade and the maximum extent by 4.1% per decade. This trend suggested a significant increase in human exposure, droughts, fire risk and energy demand in this region in the last decades

This paper reports on the work carried out in a school setting, focusing on a case study of an individual with intellectual disabilities who had significant behavioral challenges. The problematic behavior was operationally defined by describing its form, function, intensity, duration, and frequency. Functional analysis was then conducted, in accordance with the behavioral and psycho-educational literature, by analyzing the relationship between Antecedents, Behavior, and Consequences, in order to predict and control the problem behavior. Once the behavior was defined and the link between A, B, and C was analyzed, it was possible to modify the behavior by intervening in the triggering factors of the antecedent situation, as well as the contingent reinforcement in the consequent event.

La estabilidad de la población de tallos permite analizar las variaciones en las tasas de aparición, muerte y supervivencia, por lo que, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de la intensidad de cosecha (15 y 25 cm) en la estabilidad de la población de tallos de Urochloa híbrido Mulato II, Cayman y Mavuno. El estudio se realizó de marzo de 2020 a febrero de 2021 en Güémez, Tamaulipas, México. En praderas establecidas se delimitaron 18 parcelas experimentales de 3 x 3 m. En cada unidad experimental se colocaron dos áreas de 100 cm2 para seleccionar la población inicial de tallos y cada cuatro semanas contar los tallos muertos e hijuelos presentes. Se encontraron diferencias entre las intensidades y fechas de muestreo para las variables densidad de tallos, tasa de ahijamiento, e índice de estabilidad (p< 0.05). La intensidad de corte de 15 cm generó la mayor densidad de tallos con 2 545, 2 996 y 2 200 tallos m-2 en Mulato II, Cayman y Mavuno, respectivamente, como resultado de tasas de ahijamiento mayores a 12% sin presentar diferencias en las tasas de muerte y porcentaje de sobrevivencia. La intensidad de corte de 15 cm promedió índices de estabilidad de 0.98 y 0.96 en Mulato II y Mavuno; mientras que, en Cayman se presentó estabilidad negativa (0.93). La intensidad de corte de 15 cm permitió mantener la estabilidad de la población de tallos de los híbridos Urochloa Mulato II y Mavuno a través del tiempo., The stability of the stem population allows analyzingthe variations in the rates of appearance, death and survival, so the objective of this research was to determine the effect of harvest intensity (15 and 25 cm) on the stability of the population of stems of hybridUrochloaMulato II, Cayman and Mavuno. The study was conducted from March 2020 to February 2021 in Güémez, Tamaulipas, Mexico. In established meadows, 18 experimental plots of 3 x 3 m were delimited. In each experimental unit,two areas of 100 cm2were placed to select the initial population of stems and count the dead stems andtillers presentevery four weeks. Differences were found between the intensities and sampling dates for the variables stem density, tillering rate, and stability index (p< 0.05). The cuttingintensity of 15 cm generated the highest density of stems with 2 545, 2 996 and 2 200 stems m2inMulato II, Cayman and Mavuno, respectively, as a result of tillering rates greater than 12% without showing differences in death rates and survival percentage. The cutting intensity of 15 cm averaged stability indices of 0.98 and 0.96 in Mulato II and Mavuno, while negative stability (0.93) occurred in Cayman. The cutting intensity of 15 cm allowed maintainingthe stability of the population of stems of the UrochloahybridsMulato II and Mavuno over tim

The following report will enlighten to which extent LiDAR data could enhance land cover classification. It focuses on the area Lemps (26510) in Southwest France where a land cover classification was made using Sentinel-2 spectral images during the fieldwork. Using the additional LiDAR data, the focus shifts to distinguish coniferous and deciduous trees. Training data from the LiDAR data has been selected in CloudCompare. Using the training data, features for coniferous and deciduous trees were extracted in python. The unique features were used as classifiers. Features based on the Intensity were found to be important. Based on the classifiers, two methods were used to classify the area. Random Forest and Nearest Neighbour were the classification methods. The classification using Random Forest was found to be more accurate. The Random Forest classification map has been compared with previously acquired Sentinel-2 classification maps. The Corine Land Cover Classification and the classification map from the fieldwork were compared to the classification of coniferous and deciduous trees using LiDAR. Lots of overlap was found with the Corine Land Cover, some overlap was present with the map acquired during the fieldwork. The map created during the fieldwork contained less training data, hence the model was not trained enough. If more training data is collected for both LiDAR and Sentinel- 2 classifications, LiDAR data could enhance the general land cover classification. Especially taking the intensity into account as a classifier., Bachelor End Project, Applied Earth Sciences

Background: High-intensity Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy Plus (CIAT-Plus) and Multi-Modality Aphasia Therapy (M-MAT) are effective interventions for chronic post-stroke aphasia but challenging to provide in clinical practice. Providing these interventions may be more feasible at lower intensities, but comparative evidence is lacking. We therefore explored feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the treatments at a lower intensity. Methods: A multisite, single-blinded, randomized Phase II trial was conducted within the Phase III COMPARE trial. Groups of participants with chronic aphasia from the usual care arm of the COMPARE trial were randomized to M-MAT or CIAT-Plus, delivered at the same dose as the COMPARE trial but at lower intensity (6 hours/week × 5 weeks rather than 15 hours/week × 2 weeks). Blinded assessors measured aphasia severity (Western Aphasia Battery-Revised Aphasia Quotient), word retrieval, connected speech, multimodal communication, functional communication, and quality of life immediately post interventions and after 12 weeks. Feasibility and acceptability were explored. Results: Of 70 eligible participants, 77% consented to the trial; 78% of randomized participants completed intervention and 98% of assessment visits were conducted. Fatigue and distress ratings were low with no related withdrawals. Adverse events related to the trial (n = 4) were mild in severity. Statistically significant treatment effects were demonstrated on word retrieval and functional communication and both interventions were equally effective. Conclusions: Low–moderateintensity CIAT-Plus and M-MAT were feasible and acceptable. Both interventions show preliminary efficacy at a low–moderate intensity. These results support a powered trial investigating these interventions at a low–moderate intensity.

The first objective of this study is a contrastive analysis that will allow us to highlight the similarities (cf. jouer comme un pied/grać jak noga) and also the divergences (cf. faire des pieds et des mains pour qqch/bronić czegoś rękami i nogami) between phraseosomatisms [expressions with body-parts nouns] of intensifying value in French and Polish languages; as the examined phraseosomatisms are not always transparent, the usefulness of such studies for translating and for French language teaching is obvious. The second objective, which is closely related to the first, is to propose a detailed description of some selected expressions, to verify which parameters of such description should be integrated into the microstructure of our future bilingual Polish-French dictionary: Electronic Dictionary of Intensifying Expressions (in Polish: Słownik Elektroniczny Wyrażeń Intensyfikujących, or SEWI)., The first objective of this study is a contrastive analysis that will allow us to highlight the similarities (cf. jouer comme un pied/grać jak noga) and also the divergences (cf. faire des pieds et des mains pour qqch/bronić czegoś rękami i nogami) between phraseosomatisms [expressions with body-parts nouns] of intensifying value in French and Polish languages; as the examined phraseosomatisms are not always transparent, the usefulness of such studies for translating and for French language teaching is obvious. The second objective, which is closely related to the first, is to propose a detailed description of some selected expressions, to verify which parameters of such description should be integrated into the microstructure of our future bilingual Polish-French dictionary: Electronic Dictionary of Intensifying Expressions (in Polish: Słownik Elektroniczny Wyrażeń Intensyfikujących, or SEWI).

Using both correlational and experimental designs across four studies (N = 1251 working individuals), the current project aimed to contribute to the understanding of workplace ostracism by studying two research questions. First, we tested whether the subjective experience of targets reflects the current theorizing of ostracism. Second, drawing from the transactional theory of stress and coping, we investigated whether this subjective experience impacts targets' coping responses. Findings based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the current theorizing of workplace ostracism such that perceived intensity, intent, and ambiguity were reflected in how targets appraised being ostracized at work. The appraisals were also related to coping responses. Perceived intensity predicted more approach-oriented (e.g., confrontation) and less avoidance-oriented coping responses (e.g., minimization). While attributions of intent also predicted some coping responses (e.g., instrumental support seeking), the explanatory power of perceived ambiguity was lower than the other two appraisals. Although these researcher-defined dimensions may be reflective of targets' experience, we propose that predictions made based on these dimensions need further refinement. The theoretical and practical significance of these findings are discussed in relation to how workplace ostracism is typically studied in the literature.

Xavier (2014) carried out an experimental study on the expression of intensity in Libras, using pairs of visual stimuli to elicit 32 signs in their baseline and intensified forms. This research sought to perceptively validate the stimuli used by Xavier (2014) from a test carried out with the deaf in the city of Curitiba. In this validation test, 26 pairs of related images were presented in random order. Deaf judges from Curitiba evaluated whether the first image is more / as much / less intense than the second. After evaluating the first stimulus as more intense than the second, they then graded its intensity on a Likert scale (0-5). The results of this validation test showed that 17 of the 26 stimuli presented a significant difference in degree and therefore are considered appropriate for the elicitation of intensified forms in Libras. Our results also showed that the judges considered 9 stimuli with little evident difference in degree. Consequently, when replicating a study of this nature, these visual stimuli must be replaced., Xavier (2014) realizou um estudo experimental sobre a expressão da intensidade em Libras, utilizando pares de estímulos visuais para eliciar 32 sinais em suas formas basal e intensificada. Esta pesquisa buscou validar perceptivamente os estímulos a partir de um teste realizado com surdos na cidade de Curitiba. Neste teste de validação, 26 pares de imagens utilizadas por Xavier (2014) foram apresentados em ordem aleatória. Juízes surdos de Curitiba avaliaram se a primeira imagem é mais/tanto/menos intensa que a segunda. Depois de avaliar o primeiro estímulo como mais intenso que o segundo, eles então graduaram sua intensidade em uma escala de 0 a 5. Os resultados desse teste de validação mostraram que 17 dos 26 pares de estímulos apresentaram diferença significativa de grau e, portanto, são considerados adequados para a eliciação de formas intensificadas em Libras. Nossos resultados também mostraram que os juízes consideraram 9 estímulos com pouca diferença evidente de grau. Consequentemente, ao replicar um estudo dessa natureza, esses estímulos visuais devem ser substituídos., Xavier (2014) realizó un estudio experimental sobre la expresión de intensidad en Libras, utilizando parejas de estímulos visuales para elicitar 32 señas en su forma basal e intensificada. En esta investigación se buscó validar perceptivamente los estímulos a partir de un test realizado con sordos de la ciudad de Curitiba. En este test de validación, se presentaron, en orden aleatorio, 26 pares de imágenes de Xavier (2014) relacionadas entre sí. Los participantes sordos de Curitiba evaluaron si la primera imagen es más / tanto como / menos intensa que la segunda. Después de marcar que el primer estímulo es más intenso que el segundo, graduaron su intensidad en una escala de 0 a 5. Los resultados de este test de validación mostraron que 17 de los 26 estímulos presentaron una diferencia de grado importante y, por lo tanto, se consideran apropiados para la elicitación de formas intensificadas en Libras. Nuestros resultados mostraron también que los participantes consideraron 9 estímulos con una diferencia de grado poco evidente. Consecuentemente, a la hora de replicar un estudio de esa naturaleza dichos estímulos visuales deben ser sustituidos.

Chronic pain is a common problem in adults that can have a significant impact on individuals' quality of life and on society. The complex pain experience emerges from a dynamic combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Previous research has shown that social support has positive effects on health-related outcomes through two mechanisms: direct-effects and stress-buffering effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the role that perceived stress, perceived social support, and their interaction play as predictors of global physical health and global mental health in adults with chronic pain.One hundred sixty-five adults with chronic pain completed measures of pain, perceived stress, perceived social support, global physical health, and global mental health.Perceived stress but not perceived social support made a significant and independent contribution to the prediction of global physical health; both perceived stress and perceived social support made independent contributions to the prediction of global mental health. The perceived stress × perceived social support interaction did not make a significant contribution to the prediction of either criterion variable. The results suggested that perceived stress has an impact on both global physical and mental health, whereas perceived social support associated mostly with global mental health. In addition, perceived social support does not appear to moderate the impact of stress on global physical and mental health.The findings are more consistent with a direct-effects model than a stress-buffering model of social support.© 2023. The Author(s).

The nature of innovation persistence is still open to debate. In this paper, we attempt to shed some light to the topic by providing a novel analysis of the impact of exporting strategies on changes in innovative status. We derive exhaustive information regarding the innovative behavior of firms using a large sample extracted from the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel. Applying both a multinomial and a random-effects probabilistic approach, we observe that exporting experience is relevant to guarantee stability in innovation activities. However, firms exporting only to the EU are comparatively less persistent than those with a broader geographical range, as nearer and safer markets provide less incentives to innovation activities than engaging in broader commercial ventures.

Children and adolescents with chronic pain are a vulnerable population who often lack the resources to manage their condition. Due to high personal, social, and economic consequences, proper management in its early stages is key to reducing disability. The aim of this project is to co-develop a digital intervention for pediatric chronic pain (Digital SPA) with end-users and to evaluate its effectiveness and implementation outcomes in Spain.(Phase 1) Focus groups with patients, parents, and clinicians (n = 5-6 each) will inform about unmet pain care needs and provide a starting point for co-designing the intervention. (Phase 2) Content creation and usability testing will be based on the results of Phase 1, and the theory-driven development will follow the latest available evidence. The intervention will use validated psychological techniques focused on improving functioning by teaching pain coping skills. (Phase 3) Hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial. Participants (n = 195) will be adolescents aged 12-17 years old with chronic pain and one of their parents. Assessments include physical function, pain, sleep, anxiety, mood, satisfaction and adherence to the treatment, and number of visits to the emergency room. A qualitative framework analysis will be conducted with data from Phase 1. Effects of the intervention will be evaluated using linear multilevel modeling. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Behavioral Interventions Using Technology (BIT) frameworks will be used to evaluate implementation.This study is expected to produce a co-created evidence-based digital intervention for pediatric chronic pain and a roadmap for successful implementation.ClinicalTrials.gov (registered on 26 June 2023: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT0591762

Our paper offers a comparative reading of Rvf 23 and 228, which describe the poetic subject’s transformation into (23), or implantation with (228), the laurel tree that normally represents the poet’s beloved, Laura. Bringing Petrarch’s poems into dialogue with philosophical works that consider the nature of plant existence as a form of interconnectedness and porosity to the outside, we argue that the becoming tree these poems stage is a form of desire to be understood not as lack but as intensity., Manuele Gragnolati and Francesca Southerden, ‘Openness and Intensity: Petrarch’s Becoming Laurel in *Rerum vulgarium fragmenta/* 23 and 228’, in Openness in Medieval Europe, ed. by Manuele Gragnolati and Almut Suerbaum, Cultural Inquiry, 23 (Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2022), pp. 209-24

Este artículo se centra en las estructuras colocacionales formadas por los adverbios en -mente con valor intensivo del español medieval. Se parte, para ello, del concepto de colocación planteado por la Lexicología Explicativa y Combinatoria. Los datos obtenidos y los ejemplos citados proceden del vaciado sistemático de los corpus CORDE (Corpus diacrónico del español, RAE) y CDH (Corpus del Nuevo diccionario histórico del español) para las estructuras que constituyen nuestro objeto de estudio. Se especifican y comentan todos los segundos términos de la comparación encontrados según criterios de frecuencia y dispersión. Se constata que las colocaciones en que se integran los adverbios intensificadores incluyen, sobre todo, núcleos verbales. Es posible que también existieran colocaciones con adjetivos no participiales e incluso otros adverbios, pero los corpus no arrojan testimonios (solo cabe rastrear algunos ejemplos aislados de combinaciones con ciertos adjetivos), quizá porque en esta época se hallan en las primeras etapas de su desarrollo (probablemente a partir de una estructura primaria de adverbio + participio), o quizá también, en parte, porque los textos conservados son aún escasos y no totalmente representativos. Se pone de manifiesto la existencia de algunas colocaciones de gran éxito (llorar / combatir / herir fuertemente; herir fieramente; desamar mortalmente; pagar enteramente) y otras menos extendidas pero ya asentadas en el uso (conocer enteramente, destruir totalmente…). Los adverbios intensificadores más extendidos que dan lugar a un mayor número de colocaciones y desde más temprano son fuertemente y fieramente para los que encontramos, ya en el siglo XIII, si no antes, solidaridades léxicas muy relevantes que se van ampliando a medida que avanza la Edad Media. Las colocaciones con otros adverbios intensificadores (exceptuando altamente) se desarrollan solo a partir del siglo XIV y, sobre todo, en el siglo XV, lo que hemos de interpretar como una con, This paper is focused on collocational structures of Medieval Spanish formed by intensive adverbs in -mente of Medieval Spanish. The concept of collocation used in this paper is based on the same concept developed within the Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology. The data and the examples which contain the above-mentioned comparative structures are taken from the corpus CORDE (Corpus diacrónico del español, RAE) and CDH (Corpus del Nuevo diccionario histórico del español). All the second terms of this type of comparison are specified and discussed, following frequency and dispersion criteria. It is found that collocations formed with the intensive adverbs include, above all, verbal nuclei. It is possible that collocations formed with non-participial adjectives and even other adverbs exist, but the corpora do not provide evidence (only some isolated examples of adverbial collocations with adjectives can be traced), probably because they were at the first steps of their development (from a primary structure of adverb + participle) or probably because the preserved texts are still scarce and not fully representative. Some successful collocations are identified (llorar / combatir / herir fuertemente; herir fieramente; desamar mortalmente; pagar enteramente) and other ones less widespread, but already established in usage (conocer enteramente, destruir totalmente…). The most widespread intensive adverbs that gave rise to the greatest number of collocations and from the earliest centuries are fuertemente and fieramente. They became part, already in the thirteenth century, if not before, of relevant lexical solidarities that increased as the Middle Ages progressed. Collocations with other intensive adverbs (except altamente) flourished only from the fourteenth century onwards and, especially, during the fifteenth century. This fact can be interpreted as a consequence of the progressive integration of this type of adverbs into the language. In some cases, this led to an

Advanced technology, including gait-training devices, is increasingly being integrated into neurorehabilitation. However, to use gait-training devices to their optimal potential, it is important that they are applied in accordance with motor learning and locomotor training principles. In this article, we outline the most important principles and explain how advanced gait-training devices are best used to improve therapy outcome.

Functional walking requires the ability to modify one's gait pattern to environmental demands and task goals-gait adaptability. Following incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI), gait rehabilitation such as locomotor training (Basic-LT) emphasizes intense, repetitive stepping practice. Rehabilitation approaches focusing on practice of gait adaptability tasks have not been established for individuals with ISCIs but may promote recovery of higher level walking skills. The primary purpose of this case series was to describe and determine the feasibility of administering a gait adaptability retraining approach-Adapt-LT-by comparing the dose and intensity of Adapt-LT to Basic-LT.

Evidence more and more supports the notion that higher intensity training also leads to better outcomes in neurorehabilitation. However, current practice shows that for many reasons, it is challenging for health care professionals to deliver such high intensity training. Rehabilitation technology can be one important factor to help overcome those barriers and to provide to our patients the intensive therapy they need and deserve. It is, however, crucial that those devices are well integrated into the clinical every day practice, well combined with traditional therapy and that reimbursement questions are solved. The work is cut out for us, let’s all get to work, for the benefit of our patients!

Introduction: The results from the physical training and cancer randomized controlled trial (Phys-Can RCT) indicate that high intensity (HI) strength and endurance training during (neo-)adjuvant cancer treatment is more beneficial for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, measured as peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak]) than low-to-moderate intensity (LMI) exercise. Adherence to the exercise intervention and demographic or clinical characteristics of patients with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment may moderate the exercise intervention effect on VO2peak. In this study, the objective was to investigate whether baseline values of VO2peak, body mass index (BMI), time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), physical fatigue, age, chemotherapy treatment, and the adherence to the endurance training moderated the effect of HI vs. LMI exercise on VO2peak. Materials and Methods: We used data collected from a subsample from the Phys-Can RCT; women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and had a valid baseline and post-intervention VO2peak test were included (n = 255). The exercise interventions from the RCT included strength and endurance training at either LMI, which was continuous endurance training at 40 – 50 % of heart rate reserve (HRR), or at HI, which was interval training at 80–90% of HRR, with similar exercise volume in the two groups. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate moderating effects using a significance level of p < 0.10. Statistically significant interactions were examined further using the Johnson–Neyman (J-N) technique and regions of significance (for continuous variables) or box plots with adjusted means of post-intervention VO2peak (for binary variables). Results: Age, as a continuous variable, and adherence, dichotomized into < or > 58% based on median, moderated the effect of HI vs. LMI on CRF (B = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.16, 0.01], pinteraction = 0.06, and B = 1.63, 95% CI [−0.12, 3.38], pinteraction = 0.07, respective

De Wallen is the most famous and valuable urban area for showing the body and carnal desire under the circumstance of the society going on the way of spectacle. After years of regulation, overtourism and discipline, now the over-concerntrated prostitution windows have caused both social and environmental pressure in a small historical neighbourhood. This thesis aims to demonstrate how can urban design be used to propose an intense, theoretical and experimental city model for areas like De Wallen. The research proposed a multi-scalar strategy system from theories to analysis, and finally to design to help keep prostitution industry while reconciling the social conflicts between main stakeholder. However, the comprehensiveness of design across various scales and follow-up detailed consideration still need to be improved. Toward City of Enjoyment can be a continious topic to rethink about our life sphere, public space and city!, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences

Introduction: The results from the physical training and cancer randomized controlled trial (Phys-Can RCT) indicate that high intensity (HI) strength and endurance training during (neo-)adjuvant cancer treatment is more beneficial for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, measured as peak oxygen uptake [VO(2)peak]) than low-to-moderate intensity (LMI) exercise. Adherence to the exercise intervention and demographic or clinical characteristics of patients with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment may moderate the exercise intervention effect on VO(2)peak. In this study, the objective was to investigate whether baseline values of VO(2)peak, body mass index (BMI), time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), physical fatigue, age, chemotherapy treatment, and the adherence to the endurance training moderated the effect of HI vs. LMI exercise on VO(2)peak. Materials and Methods: We used data collected from a subsample from the Phys-Can RCT; women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and had a valid baseline and post-intervention VO(2)peak test were included (n = 255). The exercise interventions from the RCT included strength and endurance training at either LMI, which was continuous endurance training at 40-50% of heart rate reserve (HRR), or at HI, which was interval training at 80-90% of HRR, with similar exercise volume in the two groups. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate moderating effects using a significance level of p < 0.10. Statistically significant interactions were examined further using the Johnson-Neyman (J-N) technique and regions of significance (for continuous variables) or box plots with adjusted means of post-intervention VO(2)peak (for binary variables). Results: Age, as a continuous variable, and adherence, dichotomized into < or > 58% based on median, moderated the effect of HI vs. LMI on CRF (B = -0.08, 95% CI [-0.16, 0.01], p(interaction) = 0.06, and B = 1.63, 95% CI [-0.12, 3.38], p(interacti

Bakgrund: Kampsport är en samling idrotter där vinst erhålls genom att orsaka skada på sin motståndare och samla poäng, alternativt framtvinga ett avbrott via knockout submission. Forskningen är begränsad vad gäller prevalensen av överbelastningsskador inom grapplingsporten brasiliansk jiujitsu (BJJ. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka punktprevalensen och fördelningen av överbelastningsskador hos utövare av BJJ, samt undersöka korrelationen mellan träningsvolym och svårighetsgrad i skador, såväl som skillnad i antal skador mellan grupper uppdelade enligt bältesgrader. Metod: En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes där ”OSTRC overuse injury questionnaire” i samband med data om träningsvolym, träningserfarenhet och antropometri erhölls. Resultat: Tjugofyra deltagare svarade på enkäten, varav tjugotvå registrerade minst en skada, vilket ger en punktprevalens på 91.7%. Ländrygg(24%), nacke(20%)och skuldra(20%) var de vanligaste skadelokalisationerna. Korrelation återfanns mellan svårighetsgrad skada ländrygg och träningsvolym BJJ(r =0.410, p=0,047). Ingen signifikant skillnad återfanns mellan bältesgrader avseende antal skador Konklusion: Överbelastningsskador ter sig vanligt förekommande hos BJJ-utövare, där ländrygg är den vanligaste skadelokalisationen. Vidare forskning av högre kvalitet och med fler deltagare behövs avseende skadesituationen inom BJJ., Background: Research regarding overuse injuries in martial arts is scarce, especially within a newly popularized grappling martial art called Brazilian jiujitsu (BJJ). Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the point prevalence and distribution of overuse injuries amongst BJJ practitioners, explore correlations between training volume and injury severity and difference in number of injuries between groups sorted by belt degree. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using the OSTRC overuse injury questionnaire together with data regarding training volume, training experience and anthropometrics. Results: Twenty-four participants answered the questionnaire, 22 of which recorded at least one injury, resulting in a point prevalence of 91.7%. Lower back (24%), neck (20%) and shoulder (20%) were the most common injury sites. Correlation was found between low-back injury intensity and training volume (r =0.410, p=0.047). No significant difference was found between belt degrees regarding number of injuries. Conclusion: Overuse injury seems to be quite common amongst BJJ practitioners, with lower back being the most common localization. Correlation between low-back injury intensity and training volume was found, hinting at risk factors in BJJ for developing lower back pain. The study design and small number of participants makes the results hard to generalize. More studies of higher quality are required for reliable results.