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1. The Simons Observatory : science goals and forecasts

Author: Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dunner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxa, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hlozek, Renee, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S-Y, Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loic, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Ho, Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurail, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Verges, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, Zhu, Ningfeng, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dunner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxa, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hlozek, Renee, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S-Y, Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loic, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Ho, Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurail, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Verges, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial con figuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping approximate to 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of sigma(r) = 0.003. The large aperture telescope will map approximate to 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and
Published: 2019
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2. Evidence for the Cross-correlation between Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Lensing from POLARBEAR and Cosmic Shear from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam

Author: Namikawa, Toshiya, Chinone, Yuji, Miyatake, Hironao, Oguri, Masamune, Takahashi, Ryuichi, Kusaka, Akito, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Adachi, Shunsuke, Aguilar, Mario, Aihara, Hiroaki, Ali, Aamir, Armstrong, Robert, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Bianchini, Federico, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Cheung, Kolen, Corbett, Lance, Crowley, Kevin T., Bouhargani, Hamza El, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Galitzki, Nicholas, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, John, Hamada, Takaho, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Keating, Brian, Lee, Adrian T., Leon, David, Linder, Eric, Lowry, Lindsay Ng, Mangu, Aashrita, Matsuda, Frederick, Minami, Yuto, Miyazaki, Satoshi, Murayama, Hitoshi, Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Nishizawa, Atsushi J., Pham, Anh Thi Phuong, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Sherwin, Blake D., Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Siritanasak, Praween, Speagle, Joshua S., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tait, Philip J., Tajima, Osamu, Takada, Masahiro, Takakura, Satoru, Takatori, Sayuri, Tanabe, Daiki, Tanaka, Masayuki, Teply, Grant P., Tsai, Calvin, Verges, Clara, Westbrook, Ben, Zhou, Yuyang, Collaboration, The POLARBEAR, Collaboration, the Subaru HSC SSP, Namikawa, Toshiya, Chinone, Yuji, Miyatake, Hironao, Oguri, Masamune, Takahashi, Ryuichi, Kusaka, Akito, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Adachi, Shunsuke, Aguilar, Mario, Aihara, Hiroaki, Ali, Aamir, Armstrong, Robert, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Bianchini, Federico, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Cheung, Kolen, Corbett, Lance, Crowley, Kevin T., Bouhargani, Hamza El, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Galitzki, Nicholas, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, John, Hamada, Takaho, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Keating, Brian, Lee, Adrian T., Leon, David, Linder, Eric, Lowry, Lindsay Ng, Mangu, Aashrita, Matsuda, Frederick, Minami, Yuto, Miyazaki, Satoshi, Murayama, Hitoshi, Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Nishizawa, Atsushi J., Pham, Anh Thi Phuong, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Sherwin, Blake D., Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Siritanasak, Praween, Speagle, Joshua S., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tait, Philip J., Tajima, Osamu, Takada, Masahiro, Takakura, Satoru, Takatori, Sayuri, Tanabe, Daiki, Tanaka, Masayuki, Teply, Grant P., Tsai, Calvin, Verges, Clara, Westbrook, Ben, Zhou, Yuyang, Collaboration, The POLARBEAR, and Collaboration, the Subaru HSC SSP
Abstract: We present the first measurement of cross-correlation between the lensing potential, reconstructed from cosmic microwave background (CMB) {\it polarization} data, and the cosmic shear field from galaxy shapes. This measurement is made using data from the POLARBEAR CMB experiment and the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. By analyzing an 11~deg$^2$ overlapping region, we reject the null hypothesis at 3.5$\sigma$\ and constrain the amplitude of the {\bf cross-spectrum} to $\widehat{A}_{\rm lens}=1.70\pm 0.48$, where $\widehat{A}_{\rm lens}$ is the amplitude normalized with respect to the Planck~2018{} prediction, based on the flat $\Lambda$ cold dark matter cosmology. The first measurement of this {\bf cross-spectrum} without relying on CMB temperature measurements is possible due to the deep POLARBEAR map with a noise level of ${\sim}$6\,$\mu$K-arcmin, as well as the deep HSC data with a high galaxy number density of $n_g=23\,{\rm arcmin^{-2}}$. We present a detailed study of the systematics budget to show that residual systematics in our results are negligibly small, which demonstrates the future potential of this cross-correlation technique., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2019
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3. Evidence for the Cross-correlation between Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Lensing from POLARBEAR and Cosmic Shear from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam

Author: Namikawa, Toshiya, Chinone, Yuji, Miyatake, Hironao, Oguri, Masamune, Takahashi, Ryuichi, Kusaka, Akito, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Adachi, Shunsuke, Aguilar, Mario, Aihara, Hiroaki, Ali, Aamir, Armstrong, Robert, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Bianchini, Federico, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Cheung, Kolen, Corbett, Lance, Crowley, Kevin T., Bouhargani, Hamza El, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Galitzki, Nicholas, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, John, Hamada, Takaho, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Keating, Brian, Lee, Adrian T., Leon, David, Linder, Eric, Lowry, Lindsay Ng, Mangu, Aashrita, Matsuda, Frederick, Minami, Yuto, Miyazaki, Satoshi, Murayama, Hitoshi, Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Nishizawa, Atsushi J., Pham, Anh Thi Phuong, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Sherwin, Blake D., Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Siritanasak, Praween, Speagle, Joshua S., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tait, Philip J., Tajima, Osamu, Takada, Masahiro, Takakura, Satoru, Takatori, Sayuri, Tanabe, Daiki, Tanaka, Masayuki, Teply, Grant P., Tsai, Calvin, Verges, Clara, Westbrook, Ben, Zhou, Yuyang, Collaboration, The POLARBEAR, Collaboration, the Subaru HSC SSP, Namikawa, Toshiya, Chinone, Yuji, Miyatake, Hironao, Oguri, Masamune, Takahashi, Ryuichi, Kusaka, Akito, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Adachi, Shunsuke, Aguilar, Mario, Aihara, Hiroaki, Ali, Aamir, Armstrong, Robert, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Bianchini, Federico, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Cheung, Kolen, Corbett, Lance, Crowley, Kevin T., Bouhargani, Hamza El, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Galitzki, Nicholas, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, John, Hamada, Takaho, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Keating, Brian, Lee, Adrian T., Leon, David, Linder, Eric, Lowry, Lindsay Ng, Mangu, Aashrita, Matsuda, Frederick, Minami, Yuto, Miyazaki, Satoshi, Murayama, Hitoshi, Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Nishizawa, Atsushi J., Pham, Anh Thi Phuong, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Sherwin, Blake D., Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Siritanasak, Praween, Speagle, Joshua S., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tait, Philip J., Tajima, Osamu, Takada, Masahiro, Takakura, Satoru, Takatori, Sayuri, Tanabe, Daiki, Tanaka, Masayuki, Teply, Grant P., Tsai, Calvin, Verges, Clara, Westbrook, Ben, Zhou, Yuyang, Collaboration, The POLARBEAR, and Collaboration, the Subaru HSC SSP
Abstract: We present the first measurement of cross-correlation between the lensing potential, reconstructed from cosmic microwave background (CMB) {\it polarization} data, and the cosmic shear field from galaxy shapes. This measurement is made using data from the POLARBEAR CMB experiment and the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. By analyzing an 11~deg$^2$ overlapping region, we reject the null hypothesis at 3.5$\sigma$\ and constrain the amplitude of the {\bf cross-spectrum} to $\widehat{A}_{\rm lens}=1.70\pm 0.48$, where $\widehat{A}_{\rm lens}$ is the amplitude normalized with respect to the Planck~2018{} prediction, based on the flat $\Lambda$ cold dark matter cosmology. The first measurement of this {\bf cross-spectrum} without relying on CMB temperature measurements is possible due to the deep POLARBEAR map with a noise level of ${\sim}$6\,$\mu$K-arcmin, as well as the deep HSC data with a high galaxy number density of $n_g=23\,{\rm arcmin^{-2}}$. We present a detailed study of the systematics budget to show that residual systematics in our results are negligibly small, which demonstrates the future potential of this cross-correlation technique., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts

Author: Ade, P, Aguirre, J, Ahmed, Z, Aiola, S, Ali, A, Alonso, D, Alvarez, M, Arnold, K, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Awan, H, Baccigalupi, C, Baildon, T, Barron, D, Battaglia, N, Battye, R, Baxter, E, Bazarko, A, Beall, J, Bean, R, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Beringue, B, Bianchini, F, Boada, S, Boettger, D, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Brown, M, Bruno, S, Bryan, S, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Calisse, P, Carron, J, Challinor, A, Chesmore, G, Chinone, Y, Chluba, J, Cho, H, Choi, S, Coppi, G, Cothard, N, Coughlin, K, Crichton, D, Crowley, K, Cukierman, A, D'Ewart, J, Dünner, R, de Haan, T, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Didier, J, Dobbs, M, Dober, B, Duell, C, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dusatko, J, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Ferraro, S, Fluxà, P, Freese, K, Frisch, J, Frolov, A, Fuller, G, Fuzia, B, Galitzki, N, Gallardo, P, Ghersi, J, Gao, J, Gawiser, E, Gerbino, M, Gluscevic, V, Goeckner-Wald, N, Golec, J, Gordon, S, Gralla, M, Green, D, Grigorian, A, Groh, J, Groppi, C, Guan, Y, Gudmundsson, J, Han, D, Hargrave, P, Hasegawa, M, Hasselfield, M, Hattori, M, Haynes, V, Hazumi, M, He, Y, Healy, E, Henderson, S, Hervias-Caimapo, C, Hill, C, Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hincks, A, Hinshaw, G, Hložek, R, Ho, S, Howe, L, Huang, Z, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Ijjas, A, Ikape, M, Irwin, K, Jaffe, A, Jain, B, Jeong, O, Kaneko, D, Karpel, E, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Kernasovskiy, S, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kiuchi, K, Klein, J, Knowles, K, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kuenstner, S, Kuo, C, Kusaka, A, Lashner, J, Lee, A, Lee, E, Leon, D, Leung, J, Lewis, A, Li, Y, Li, Z, Limon, M, Linder, E, Lopez-Caraballo, C, Louis, T, Lowry, L, Lungu, M, Madhavacheril, M, Mak, D, Maldonado, F, Mani, H, Mates, B, Matsuda, F, Maurin, L, Mauskopf, P, May, A, Mccallum, N, Mckenney, C, Mcmahon, J, Meerburg, P, Meyers, J, Miller, A, Mirmelstein, M, Moodley, K, Munchmeyer, M, Munson, C, Naess, S, Nati, F, Navaroli, M, Newburgh, L, Nguyen, H, Niemack, M, Nishino, H, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Page, L, Partridge, B, Peloton, J, Perrotta, F, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Poletti, D, Puddu, R, Puglisi, G, Raum, C, Reichardt, C, Remazeilles, M, Rephaeli, Y, Riechers, D, Rojas, F, Roy, A, Sadeh, S, Sakurai, Y, Salatino, M, Rao, M, Schaan, E, Schmittfull, M, Sehgal, N, Seibert, J, Seljak, U, Sherwin, B, Shimon, M, Sierra, C, Sievers, J, Sikhosana, P, Silva-Feaver, M, Simon, S, Sinclair, A, Siritanasak, P, Smith, K, Smith, S, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Stein, G, Stevens, J, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takakura, S, Teply, G, Thomas, D, Thorne, B, Thornton, R, Trac, H, Tsai, C, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Vagnozzi, S, Engelen, A, Lanen, J, Winkle, D, Vavagiakis, E, Vergès, C, Vissers, M, Wagoner, K, Walker, S, Ward, J, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Williams, J, Wollack, E, Xu, Z, Yu, B, Yu, C, Zago, F, Zhang, H, Zhu, N, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, Engelen, Alexander van, Lanen, Jeff Van, Winkle, Daniel D. Van, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, Zhu, Ningfeng, Ade, P, Aguirre, J, Ahmed, Z, Aiola, S, Ali, A, Alonso, D, Alvarez, M, Arnold, K, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Awan, H, Baccigalupi, C, Baildon, T, Barron, D, Battaglia, N, Battye, R, Baxter, E, Bazarko, A, Beall, J, Bean, R, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Beringue, B, Bianchini, F, Boada, S, Boettger, D, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Brown, M, Bruno, S, Bryan, S, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Calisse, P, Carron, J, Challinor, A, Chesmore, G, Chinone, Y, Chluba, J, Cho, H, Choi, S, Coppi, G, Cothard, N, Coughlin, K, Crichton, D, Crowley, K, Cukierman, A, D'Ewart, J, Dünner, R, de Haan, T, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Didier, J, Dobbs, M, Dober, B, Duell, C, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dusatko, J, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Ferraro, S, Fluxà, P, Freese, K, Frisch, J, Frolov, A, Fuller, G, Fuzia, B, Galitzki, N, Gallardo, P, Ghersi, J, Gao, J, Gawiser, E, Gerbino, M, Gluscevic, V, Goeckner-Wald, N, Golec, J, Gordon, S, Gralla, M, Green, D, Grigorian, A, Groh, J, Groppi, C, Guan, Y, Gudmundsson, J, Han, D, Hargrave, P, Hasegawa, M, Hasselfield, M, Hattori, M, Haynes, V, Hazumi, M, He, Y, Healy, E, Henderson, S, Hervias-Caimapo, C, Hill, C, Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hincks, A, Hinshaw, G, Hložek, R, Ho, S, Howe, L, Huang, Z, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Ijjas, A, Ikape, M, Irwin, K, Jaffe, A, Jain, B, Jeong, O, Kaneko, D, Karpel, E, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Kernasovskiy, S, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kiuchi, K, Klein, J, Knowles, K, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kuenstner, S, Kuo, C, Kusaka, A, Lashner, J, Lee, A, Lee, E, Leon, D, Leung, J, Lewis, A, Li, Y, Li, Z, Limon, M, Linder, E, Lopez-Caraballo, C, Louis, T, Lowry, L, Lungu, M, Madhavacheril, M, Mak, D, Maldonado, F, Mani, H, Mates, B, Matsuda, F, Maurin, L, Mauskopf, P, May, A, Mccallum, N, Mckenney, C, Mcmahon, J, Meerburg, P, Meyers, J, Miller, A, Mirmelstein, M, Moodley, K, Munchmeyer, M, Munson, C, Naess, S, Nati, F, Navaroli, M, Newburgh, L, Nguyen, H, Niemack, M, Nishino, H, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Page, L, Partridge, B, Peloton, J, Perrotta, F, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Poletti, D, Puddu, R, Puglisi, G, Raum, C, Reichardt, C, Remazeilles, M, Rephaeli, Y, Riechers, D, Rojas, F, Roy, A, Sadeh, S, Sakurai, Y, Salatino, M, Rao, M, Schaan, E, Schmittfull, M, Sehgal, N, Seibert, J, Seljak, U, Sherwin, B, Shimon, M, Sierra, C, Sievers, J, Sikhosana, P, Silva-Feaver, M, Simon, S, Sinclair, A, Siritanasak, P, Smith, K, Smith, S, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Stein, G, Stevens, J, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takakura, S, Teply, G, Thomas, D, Thorne, B, Thornton, R, Trac, H, Tsai, C, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Vagnozzi, S, Engelen, A, Lanen, J, Winkle, D, Vavagiakis, E, Vergès, C, Vissers, M, Wagoner, K, Walker, S, Ward, J, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Williams, J, Wollack, E, Xu, Z, Yu, B, Yu, C, Zago, F, Zhang, H, Zhu, N, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, Engelen, Alexander van, Lanen, Jeff Van, Winkle, Daniel D. Van, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial con figuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping approximate to 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of sigma(r) = 0.003. The large aperture telescope will map approximate to 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and
Published: 2019

5. Measurements of tropospheric ice clouds with a ground-based CMB polarization experiment, POLARBEAR

Author: Takakura, Satoru, Aguilar-Faúndez, Mario A. O., Akiba, Yoshiki, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beck, Dominic, Bianchini, Federico, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Cheung, Kolen, Chinone, Yuji, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Hamada, Takaho, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Howe, Logan, Kaneko, Daisuke, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Lowry, Lindsay N., Matsuda, Frederick T., May, Andrew J., Minami, Yuto, Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Piccirillo, Lucio, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Segawa, Yuuko, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Siritanasak, Praween, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takatori, Sayuri, Tanabe, Daiki, Teply, Grant P., Tsai, Calvin, Takakura, Satoru, Aguilar-Faúndez, Mario A. O., Akiba, Yoshiki, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beck, Dominic, Bianchini, Federico, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Cheung, Kolen, Chinone, Yuji, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Hamada, Takaho, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Howe, Logan, Kaneko, Daisuke, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Lowry, Lindsay N., Matsuda, Frederick T., May, Andrew J., Minami, Yuto, Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Piccirillo, Lucio, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Segawa, Yuuko, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Siritanasak, Praween, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takatori, Sayuri, Tanabe, Daiki, Teply, Grant P., and Tsai, Calvin
Abstract: The polarization of the atmosphere has been a long-standing concern for ground-based experiments targeting cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization. Ice crystals in upper tropospheric clouds scatter thermal radiation from the ground and produce a horizontally-polarized signal. We report the detailed analysis of the cloud signal using a ground-based CMB experiment, POLARBEAR, located at the Atacama desert in Chile and observing at 150 GHz. We observe horizontally-polarized temporal increases of low-frequency fluctuations ("polarized bursts," hereafter) of $\lesssim$0.1 K when clouds appear in a webcam monitoring the telescope and the sky. The hypothesis of no correlation between polarized bursts and clouds is rejected with $>$24$\sigma$ statistical significance using three years of data. We consider many other possibilities including instrumental and environmental effects, and find no other reasons other than clouds that can explain the data better. We also discuss the impact of the cloud polarization on future ground-based CMB polarization experiments., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, Submitted to ApJ
Published: 2018
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6. The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts

Author: The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, Zhu, Ningfeng, The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial configuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes (SATs) and one large-aperture 6-m telescope (LAT), with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The SATs will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping ~10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, at a target level of $\sigma(r)=0.003$. The LAT will map ~40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the LSST sky region and partially with DESI. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources., Comment: This paper presents an overview of the Simons Observatory science goals, details about the instrument will be presented in a companion paper. The author contribution to this paper is available at https://simonsobservatory.org/publications.php (Abstract abridged) -- matching version published in JCAP
Published: 2018
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7. The Simons Observatory: Instrument Overview

Author: Galitzki, Nicholas, Ali, Aamir, Arnold, Kam S., Ashton, Peter C., Austermann, Jason E., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Beall, James A., Beckman, Shawn, Bruno, Sarah Marie M., Bryan, Sean, Calisse, Paolo G., Chesmore, Grace E., Chinone, Yuji, Choi, Steve K., Coppi, Gabriele, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duff, Shannon M., Dunkley, Jo, Fabbian, Giulio, Gallardo, Patricio A., Gerbino, Martina, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph E., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Healy, Erin E., Henderson, Shawn, Hill, Charles A., Hilton, Gene C., Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan A., Hubmayr, Johannes, Jeong, Oliver, Keating, Brian, Koopman, Brian J., Kuichi, Kenji, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian T., Li, Yaqiong, Limon, Michele, Lungu, Marius, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip D., May, Andrew J., McCallum, Nialh, McMahon, Jeff, Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Orlowski-Scherer, John L., Parshley, Stephen C., Piccirillo, Lucio, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Raum, Christopher, Salatino, Maria, Seibert, Joseph S., Sierra, Carlos, Silva-Feaver, Max, Simon, Sara M., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stevens, Jason R., Suzuki, Aritoki, Teply, Grant, Thornton, Robert, Tsai, Calvin, Ullom, Joel N., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vissers, Michael R., Westbrook, Benjamin, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zhu, Ningfeng, Galitzki, Nicholas, Ali, Aamir, Arnold, Kam S., Ashton, Peter C., Austermann, Jason E., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Beall, James A., Beckman, Shawn, Bruno, Sarah Marie M., Bryan, Sean, Calisse, Paolo G., Chesmore, Grace E., Chinone, Yuji, Choi, Steve K., Coppi, Gabriele, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duff, Shannon M., Dunkley, Jo, Fabbian, Giulio, Gallardo, Patricio A., Gerbino, Martina, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph E., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Healy, Erin E., Henderson, Shawn, Hill, Charles A., Hilton, Gene C., Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan A., Hubmayr, Johannes, Jeong, Oliver, Keating, Brian, Koopman, Brian J., Kuichi, Kenji, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian T., Li, Yaqiong, Limon, Michele, Lungu, Marius, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip D., May, Andrew J., McCallum, Nialh, McMahon, Jeff, Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Orlowski-Scherer, John L., Parshley, Stephen C., Piccirillo, Lucio, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Raum, Christopher, Salatino, Maria, Seibert, Joseph S., Sierra, Carlos, Silva-Feaver, Max, Simon, Sara M., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stevens, Jason R., Suzuki, Aritoki, Teply, Grant, Thornton, Robert, Tsai, Calvin, Ullom, Joel N., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vissers, Michael R., Westbrook, Benjamin, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) will make precise temperature and polarization measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using a set of telescopes which will cover angular scales between 1 arcminute and tens of degrees, contain over 60,000 detectors, and observe at frequencies between 27 and 270 GHz. SO will consist of a 6 m aperture telescope coupled to over 30,000 transition-edge sensor bolometers along with three 42 cm aperture refractive telescopes, coupled to an additional 30,000+ detectors, all of which will be located in the Atacama Desert at an altitude of 5190 m. The powerful combination of large and small apertures in a CMB observatory will allow us to sample a wide range of angular scales over a common survey area. SO will measure fundamental cosmological parameters of our universe, constrain primordial fluctuations, find high redshift clusters via the Sunyaev-Zel`dovich effect, constrain properties of neutrinos, and trace the density and velocity of the matter in the universe over cosmic time. The complex set of technical and science requirements for this experiment has led to innovative instrumentation solutions which we will discuss. The large aperture telescope will couple to a cryogenic receiver that is 2.4 m in diameter and nearly 3 m long, creating a number of technical challenges. Concurrently, we are designing the array of cryogenic receivers housing the 42 cm aperture telescopes. We will discuss the sensor technology SO will use and we will give an overview of the drivers for and designs of the SO telescopes and receivers, with their cold optical components and detector arrays.
Published: 2018
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8. Design and characterization of the POLARBEAR-2b and POLARBEAR-2c cosmic microwave background cryogenic receivers

Author: Howe, Logan, Tsai, Calvin, Lowry, Lindsay, Arnold, Kam, Coppi, Gabriele, Groh, John, Guo, Xiaoyu, Keating, Brian, Lee, Adrian, May, Andrew J., Piccirillo, Lucio, Stebor, Nathan, Teply, Grant, Howe, Logan, Tsai, Calvin, Lowry, Lindsay, Arnold, Kam, Coppi, Gabriele, Groh, John, Guo, Xiaoyu, Keating, Brian, Lee, Adrian, May, Andrew J., Piccirillo, Lucio, Stebor, Nathan, and Teply, Grant
Abstract: The POLARBEAR-2/Simons Array Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization experiment is an upgrade and expansion of the existing POLARBEAR-1 (PB-1) experiment, located in the Atacama desert in Chile. Along with the CMB temperature and $E$-mode polarization anisotropies, PB-1 and the Simons Array study the CMB $B$-mode polarization anisotropies produced at large angular scales by inflationary gravitational waves, and at small angular scales by gravitational lensing. These measurements provide constraints on various cosmological and particle physics parameters, such as the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$, and the sum of the neutrino masses. The Simons Array consists of three 3.5 m diameter telescopes with upgraded POLARBEAR-2 (PB-2) cryogenic receivers, named PB-2a, -2b, and -2c. PB-2a and -2b will observe the CMB over multiple bands centered at 95 GHz and 150 GHz, while PB-2c will observe at 220 GHz and 270 GHz, which will enable enhanced foreground separation and de-lensing. Each Simons Array receiver consists of two cryostats which share the same vacuum space: an optics tube containing the cold reimaging lenses and Lyot stop, infrared-blocking filters, and cryogenic half-wave plate; and a backend which contains the focal plane detector array, cold readout components, and millikelvin refrigerator. Each PB-2 focal plane array is comprised of 7,588 dual-polarization, multi-chroic, lenslet- and antenna-coupled, Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers which are cooled to 250 mK and read out using Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) through a digital frequency division multiplexing scheme with a multiplexing factor of 40. In this work we describe progress towards commissioning the PB-2b and -2c receivers including cryogenic design, characterization, and performance of both the PB-2b and -2c backend cryostats., Comment: 20 pages
Published: 2018

9. A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode Polarization Power Spectrum at Subdegree Scales from Two Years of POLARBEAR Data

Author: The POLARBEAR Collaboration: Ade, P. A. R., Aguilar, Mario, Akiba, Yoshiki, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beck, D., Bianchini, F., Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Crowley, K., Cukierman, Ari, Dunner, R., Dobbs, M., Ducout, Anne, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, S. M., Feng, C., Fujino, Takuro, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gilbert, A., Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, J. C., Hall, G., Halverson, Nils W., Hamada, T., Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaehnig, G., Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, Le Jeune, M., Lee, Adrian T., Leitch, E. M., Leon, David, Linder, E., Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Matsumura, Tomotake, Minami, Y., Montgomery, J., Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Paar, Hans, Peloton, Julien, Pham, A. T. P., Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Richards, P. L., Ross, Colin, Segawa, Y., Sherwin, B. D., Silva-Feaver, M., Siritanasak, Praween, Stebor, N., Stompor, R., Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, S., Takatori, Sayuri, Tanabe, D., Teply, Grant P., Tomaru, T., Tucker, C., Whitehorn, N., Zahn, A., 秋葉, 祥希, 茅根, 裕司, 長谷川, 雅也, 羽澄, 昌史, 井上, 優貴, 片山, 伸彦, 松村, 知岳, 西野, 玄記, 鈴木, 有春, 田島, 治, The POLARBEAR Collaboration: Ade, P. A. R., Aguilar, Mario, Akiba, Yoshiki, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beck, D., Bianchini, F., Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Crowley, K., Cukierman, Ari, Dunner, R., Dobbs, M., Ducout, Anne, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, S. M., Feng, C., Fujino, Takuro, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gilbert, A., Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, J. C., Hall, G., Halverson, Nils W., Hamada, T., Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaehnig, G., Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, Le Jeune, M., Lee, Adrian T., Leitch, E. M., Leon, David, Linder, E., Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Matsumura, Tomotake, Minami, Y., Montgomery, J., Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Paar, Hans, Peloton, Julien, Pham, A. T. P., Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Richards, P. L., Ross, Colin, Segawa, Y., Sherwin, B. D., Silva-Feaver, M., Siritanasak, Praween, Stebor, N., Stompor, R., Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, S., Takatori, Sayuri, Tanabe, D., Teply, Grant P., Tomaru, T., Tucker, C., Whitehorn, N., Zahn, A., 秋葉, 祥希, 茅根, 裕司, 長谷川, 雅也, 羽澄, 昌史, 井上, 優貴, 片山, 伸彦, 松村, 知岳, 西野, 玄記, 鈴木, 有春, and 田島, 治
Abstract: 著者人数: 81名, Accepted: 2017-09-20
Published: 2018

10. Measurements of tropospheric ice clouds with a ground-based CMB polarization experiment, POLARBEAR

Author: Takakura, Satoru, Aguilar-Faúndez, Mario A. O., Akiba, Yoshiki, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beck, Dominic, Bianchini, Federico, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Cheung, Kolen, Chinone, Yuji, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Hamada, Takaho, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Howe, Logan, Kaneko, Daisuke, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Lowry, Lindsay N., Matsuda, Frederick T., May, Andrew J., Minami, Yuto, Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Piccirillo, Lucio, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Segawa, Yuuko, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Siritanasak, Praween, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takatori, Sayuri, Tanabe, Daiki, Teply, Grant P., Tsai, Calvin, Takakura, Satoru, Aguilar-Faúndez, Mario A. O., Akiba, Yoshiki, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beck, Dominic, Bianchini, Federico, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Cheung, Kolen, Chinone, Yuji, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Hamada, Takaho, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Howe, Logan, Kaneko, Daisuke, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Lowry, Lindsay N., Matsuda, Frederick T., May, Andrew J., Minami, Yuto, Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Piccirillo, Lucio, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Segawa, Yuuko, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Siritanasak, Praween, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takatori, Sayuri, Tanabe, Daiki, Teply, Grant P., and Tsai, Calvin
Abstract: The polarization of the atmosphere has been a long-standing concern for ground-based experiments targeting cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization. Ice crystals in upper tropospheric clouds scatter thermal radiation from the ground and produce a horizontally-polarized signal. We report the detailed analysis of the cloud signal using a ground-based CMB experiment, POLARBEAR, located at the Atacama desert in Chile and observing at 150 GHz. We observe horizontally-polarized temporal increases of low-frequency fluctuations ("polarized bursts," hereafter) of $\lesssim$0.1 K when clouds appear in a webcam monitoring the telescope and the sky. The hypothesis of no correlation between polarized bursts and clouds is rejected with $>$24$\sigma$ statistical significance using three years of data. We consider many other possibilities including instrumental and environmental effects, and find no other reasons other than clouds that can explain the data better. We also discuss the impact of the cloud polarization on future ground-based CMB polarization experiments., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, Submitted to ApJ
Published: 2018
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11. The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts

Author: The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, Zhu, Ningfeng, The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial configuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes (SATs) and one large-aperture 6-m telescope (LAT), with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The SATs will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping ~10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, at a target level of $\sigma(r)=0.003$. The LAT will map ~40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the LSST sky region and partially with DESI. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources., Comment: This paper presents an overview of the Simons Observatory science goals, details about the instrument will be presented in a companion paper. The author contribution to this paper is available at https://simonsobservatory.org/publications.php (Abstract abridged) -- matching version published in JCAP
Published: 2018
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12. The Simons Observatory: Instrument Overview

Author: Galitzki, Nicholas, Ali, Aamir, Arnold, Kam S., Ashton, Peter C., Austermann, Jason E., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Beall, James A., Beckman, Shawn, Bruno, Sarah Marie M., Bryan, Sean, Calisse, Paolo G., Chesmore, Grace E., Chinone, Yuji, Choi, Steve K., Coppi, Gabriele, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duff, Shannon M., Dunkley, Jo, Fabbian, Giulio, Gallardo, Patricio A., Gerbino, Martina, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph E., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Healy, Erin E., Henderson, Shawn, Hill, Charles A., Hilton, Gene C., Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan A., Hubmayr, Johannes, Jeong, Oliver, Keating, Brian, Koopman, Brian J., Kuichi, Kenji, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian T., Li, Yaqiong, Limon, Michele, Lungu, Marius, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip D., May, Andrew J., McCallum, Nialh, McMahon, Jeff, Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Orlowski-Scherer, John L., Parshley, Stephen C., Piccirillo, Lucio, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Raum, Christopher, Salatino, Maria, Seibert, Joseph S., Sierra, Carlos, Silva-Feaver, Max, Simon, Sara M., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stevens, Jason R., Suzuki, Aritoki, Teply, Grant, Thornton, Robert, Tsai, Calvin, Ullom, Joel N., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vissers, Michael R., Westbrook, Benjamin, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Zhu, Ningfeng, Galitzki, Nicholas, Ali, Aamir, Arnold, Kam S., Ashton, Peter C., Austermann, Jason E., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Beall, James A., Beckman, Shawn, Bruno, Sarah Marie M., Bryan, Sean, Calisse, Paolo G., Chesmore, Grace E., Chinone, Yuji, Choi, Steve K., Coppi, Gabriele, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, Devlin, Mark J., Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duff, Shannon M., Dunkley, Jo, Fabbian, Giulio, Gallardo, Patricio A., Gerbino, Martina, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph E., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Healy, Erin E., Henderson, Shawn, Hill, Charles A., Hilton, Gene C., Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan A., Hubmayr, Johannes, Jeong, Oliver, Keating, Brian, Koopman, Brian J., Kuichi, Kenji, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian T., Li, Yaqiong, Limon, Michele, Lungu, Marius, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip D., May, Andrew J., McCallum, Nialh, McMahon, Jeff, Nati, Federico, Niemack, Michael D., Orlowski-Scherer, John L., Parshley, Stephen C., Piccirillo, Lucio, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Raum, Christopher, Salatino, Maria, Seibert, Joseph S., Sierra, Carlos, Silva-Feaver, Max, Simon, Sara M., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stevens, Jason R., Suzuki, Aritoki, Teply, Grant, Thornton, Robert, Tsai, Calvin, Ullom, Joel N., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vissers, Michael R., Westbrook, Benjamin, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, and Zhu, Ningfeng
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) will make precise temperature and polarization measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using a set of telescopes which will cover angular scales between 1 arcminute and tens of degrees, contain over 60,000 detectors, and observe at frequencies between 27 and 270 GHz. SO will consist of a 6 m aperture telescope coupled to over 30,000 transition-edge sensor bolometers along with three 42 cm aperture refractive telescopes, coupled to an additional 30,000+ detectors, all of which will be located in the Atacama Desert at an altitude of 5190 m. The powerful combination of large and small apertures in a CMB observatory will allow us to sample a wide range of angular scales over a common survey area. SO will measure fundamental cosmological parameters of our universe, constrain primordial fluctuations, find high redshift clusters via the Sunyaev-Zel`dovich effect, constrain properties of neutrinos, and trace the density and velocity of the matter in the universe over cosmic time. The complex set of technical and science requirements for this experiment has led to innovative instrumentation solutions which we will discuss. The large aperture telescope will couple to a cryogenic receiver that is 2.4 m in diameter and nearly 3 m long, creating a number of technical challenges. Concurrently, we are designing the array of cryogenic receivers housing the 42 cm aperture telescopes. We will discuss the sensor technology SO will use and we will give an overview of the drivers for and designs of the SO telescopes and receivers, with their cold optical components and detector arrays.
Published: 2018
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13. Design and characterization of the POLARBEAR-2b and POLARBEAR-2c cosmic microwave background cryogenic receivers

Author: Howe, Logan, Tsai, Calvin, Lowry, Lindsay, Arnold, Kam, Coppi, Gabriele, Groh, John, Guo, Xiaoyu, Keating, Brian, Lee, Adrian, May, Andrew J., Piccirillo, Lucio, Stebor, Nathan, Teply, Grant, Howe, Logan, Tsai, Calvin, Lowry, Lindsay, Arnold, Kam, Coppi, Gabriele, Groh, John, Guo, Xiaoyu, Keating, Brian, Lee, Adrian, May, Andrew J., Piccirillo, Lucio, Stebor, Nathan, and Teply, Grant
Abstract: The POLARBEAR-2/Simons Array Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization experiment is an upgrade and expansion of the existing POLARBEAR-1 (PB-1) experiment, located in the Atacama desert in Chile. Along with the CMB temperature and $E$-mode polarization anisotropies, PB-1 and the Simons Array study the CMB $B$-mode polarization anisotropies produced at large angular scales by inflationary gravitational waves, and at small angular scales by gravitational lensing. These measurements provide constraints on various cosmological and particle physics parameters, such as the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$, and the sum of the neutrino masses. The Simons Array consists of three 3.5 m diameter telescopes with upgraded POLARBEAR-2 (PB-2) cryogenic receivers, named PB-2a, -2b, and -2c. PB-2a and -2b will observe the CMB over multiple bands centered at 95 GHz and 150 GHz, while PB-2c will observe at 220 GHz and 270 GHz, which will enable enhanced foreground separation and de-lensing. Each Simons Array receiver consists of two cryostats which share the same vacuum space: an optics tube containing the cold reimaging lenses and Lyot stop, infrared-blocking filters, and cryogenic half-wave plate; and a backend which contains the focal plane detector array, cold readout components, and millikelvin refrigerator. Each PB-2 focal plane array is comprised of 7,588 dual-polarization, multi-chroic, lenslet- and antenna-coupled, Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers which are cooled to 250 mK and read out using Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) through a digital frequency division multiplexing scheme with a multiplexing factor of 40. In this work we describe progress towards commissioning the PB-2b and -2c receivers including cryogenic design, characterization, and performance of both the PB-2b and -2c backend cryostats., Comment: 20 pages
Published: 2018

14. Performance of a continuously rotating half-wave plate on the POLARBEAR telescope

Author: Takakura, Satoru, Aguilar, Mario, Akiba, Yoshiki, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beckman, Shawn, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Cukierman, Ari, Ducout, Anne, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Fujino, Takuro, Galitzki, Nicholas, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Halverson, Nils W., Hasegawa, Masaya, Hattori, Kaori, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Leon, David, Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Matsumura, Tomotake, Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Paar, Hans, Peloton, Julien, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Ross, Colin, Siritanasak, Praween, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takatori, Sayuri, Teply, Grant, Takakura, Satoru, Aguilar, Mario, Akiba, Yoshiki, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beckman, Shawn, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Cukierman, Ari, Ducout, Anne, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Fujino, Takuro, Galitzki, Nicholas, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Halverson, Nils W., Hasegawa, Masaya, Hattori, Kaori, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Leon, David, Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Matsumura, Tomotake, Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Paar, Hans, Peloton, Julien, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Ross, Colin, Siritanasak, Praween, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takatori, Sayuri, and Teply, Grant
Abstract: A continuously rotating half-wave plate (CRHWP) is a promising tool to improve the sensitivity to large angular scales in cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization measurements. With a CRHWP, single detectors can measure three of the Stokes parameters, $I$, $Q$ and $U$, thereby avoiding the set of systematic errors that can be introduced by mismatches in the properties of orthogonal detector pairs. We focus on the implementation of CRHWPs in large aperture telescopes (i.e. the primary mirror is larger than the current maximum half-wave plate diameter of $\sim$0.5 m), where the CRHWP can be placed between the primary mirror and focal plane. In this configuration, one needs to address the intensity to polarization ($I{\rightarrow}P$) leakage of the optics, which becomes a source of 1/f noise and also causes differential gain systematics that arise from CMB temperature fluctuations. In this paper, we present the performance of a CRHWP installed in the POLARBEAR experiment, which employs a Gregorian telescope with a 2.5 m primary illumination pattern. The CRHWP is placed near the prime focus between the primary and secondary mirrors. We find that the $I{\rightarrow}P$ leakage is larger than the expectation from the physical properties of our primary mirror, resulting in a 1/f knee of 100 mHz. The excess leakage could be due to imperfections in the detector system, i.e. detector non-linearity in the responsivity and time-constant. We demonstrate, however, that by subtracting the leakage correlated with the intensity signal, the 1/f noise knee frequency is reduced to 32 mHz ($\ell \sim$39 for our scan strategy), which is very promising to probe the primordial B-mode signal. We also discuss methods for further noise subtraction in future projects where the precise temperature control of instrumental components and the leakage reduction will play a key role., Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, published version in JCAP. Includes some minor corrections
Published: 2017
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15. Performance of a continuously rotating half-wave plate on the POLARBEAR telescope

Author: Takakura, Satoru, Aguilar, Mario, Akiba, Yoshiki, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beckman, Shawn, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Cukierman, Ari, Ducout, Anne, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Fujino, Takuro, Galitzki, Nicholas, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Halverson, Nils W., Hasegawa, Masaya, Hattori, Kaori, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Leon, David, Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Matsumura, Tomotake, Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Paar, Hans, Peloton, Julien, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Ross, Colin, Siritanasak, Praween, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takatori, Sayuri, Teply, Grant, Takakura, Satoru, Aguilar, Mario, Akiba, Yoshiki, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beckman, Shawn, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Cukierman, Ari, Ducout, Anne, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Fujino, Takuro, Galitzki, Nicholas, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Halverson, Nils W., Hasegawa, Masaya, Hattori, Kaori, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Leon, David, Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Matsumura, Tomotake, Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Paar, Hans, Peloton, Julien, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Ross, Colin, Siritanasak, Praween, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takatori, Sayuri, and Teply, Grant
Abstract: A continuously rotating half-wave plate (CRHWP) is a promising tool to improve the sensitivity to large angular scales in cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization measurements. With a CRHWP, single detectors can measure three of the Stokes parameters, $I$, $Q$ and $U$, thereby avoiding the set of systematic errors that can be introduced by mismatches in the properties of orthogonal detector pairs. We focus on the implementation of CRHWPs in large aperture telescopes (i.e. the primary mirror is larger than the current maximum half-wave plate diameter of $\sim$0.5 m), where the CRHWP can be placed between the primary mirror and focal plane. In this configuration, one needs to address the intensity to polarization ($I{\rightarrow}P$) leakage of the optics, which becomes a source of 1/f noise and also causes differential gain systematics that arise from CMB temperature fluctuations. In this paper, we present the performance of a CRHWP installed in the POLARBEAR experiment, which employs a Gregorian telescope with a 2.5 m primary illumination pattern. The CRHWP is placed near the prime focus between the primary and secondary mirrors. We find that the $I{\rightarrow}P$ leakage is larger than the expectation from the physical properties of our primary mirror, resulting in a 1/f knee of 100 mHz. The excess leakage could be due to imperfections in the detector system, i.e. detector non-linearity in the responsivity and time-constant. We demonstrate, however, that by subtracting the leakage correlated with the intensity signal, the 1/f noise knee frequency is reduced to 32 mHz ($\ell \sim$39 for our scan strategy), which is very promising to probe the primordial B-mode signal. We also discuss methods for further noise subtraction in future projects where the precise temperature control of instrumental components and the leakage reduction will play a key role., Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, published version in JCAP. Includes some minor corrections
Published: 2017
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16. Making maps of Cosmic Microwave Background polarization for B-mode studies: the POLARBEAR example

Author: Poletti, Davide, Fabbian, Giulio, Jeune, Maude Le, Peloton, Julien, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beckman, Shawn, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Cukierman, Ari, Ducout, Anne, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Feeney, Stephen, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, John, Hall, Grantland, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Leon, David, Linder, Eric, Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Navaroli, Martin, Paar, Hans, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Ross, Colin, Siritanasak, Praween, Stebor, Nathan, Steinbach, Bryan, Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant, Whitehorn, Nathan, Poletti, Davide, Fabbian, Giulio, Jeune, Maude Le, Peloton, Julien, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beckman, Shawn, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Cukierman, Ari, Ducout, Anne, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Feeney, Stephen, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, John, Hall, Grantland, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Leon, David, Linder, Eric, Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Navaroli, Martin, Paar, Hans, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Ross, Colin, Siritanasak, Praween, Stebor, Nathan, Steinbach, Bryan, Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant, and Whitehorn, Nathan
Abstract: Analysis of cosmic microwave background (CMB) datasets typically requires some filtering of the raw time-ordered data. Filtering is frequently used to minimize the impact of low frequency noise, atmospheric contributions and/or scan synchronous signals on the resulting maps. In this work we explicitly construct a general filtering operator, which can unambiguously remove any set of unwanted modes in the data, and then amend the map-making procedure in order to incorporate and correct for it. We show that such an approach is mathematically equivalent to the solution of a problem in which the sky signal and unwanted modes are estimated simultaneously and the latter are marginalized over. We investigate the conditions under which this amended map-making procedure can render an unbiased estimate of the sky signal in realistic circumstances. We then study the effects of time-domain filtering on the noise correlation structure in the map domain, as well as impact it may have on the performance of the popular pseudo-spectrum estimators. We conclude that although maps produced by the proposed estimators arguably provide the most faithful representation of the sky possible given the data, they may not straightforwardly lead to the best constraints on the power spectra of the underlying sky signal and special care may need to be taken to ensure this is the case. By contrast, simplified map-makers which do not explicitly correct for time-domain filtering, but leave it to subsequent steps in the data analysis, may perform equally well and be easier and faster to implement. We focus on polarization-sensitive measurements targeting the B-mode component of the CMB signal and apply the proposed methods to realistic simulations based on characteristics of an actual CMB polarization experiment, POLARBEAR., Comment: 26 pages
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Making maps of Cosmic Microwave Background polarization for B-mode studies: the POLARBEAR example

Author: Poletti, Davide, Fabbian, Giulio, Jeune, Maude Le, Peloton, Julien, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beckman, Shawn, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Cukierman, Ari, Ducout, Anne, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Feeney, Stephen, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, John, Hall, Grantland, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Leon, David, Linder, Eric, Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Navaroli, Martin, Paar, Hans, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Ross, Colin, Siritanasak, Praween, Stebor, Nathan, Steinbach, Bryan, Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant, Whitehorn, Nathan, Poletti, Davide, Fabbian, Giulio, Jeune, Maude Le, Peloton, Julien, Arnold, Kam, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Beckman, Shawn, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Cukierman, Ari, Ducout, Anne, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Feeney, Stephen, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, John, Hall, Grantland, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kusaka, Akito, Lee, Adrian T., Leon, David, Linder, Eric, Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Navaroli, Martin, Paar, Hans, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Reichardt, Christian L., Ross, Colin, Siritanasak, Praween, Stebor, Nathan, Steinbach, Bryan, Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant, and Whitehorn, Nathan
Abstract: Analysis of cosmic microwave background (CMB) datasets typically requires some filtering of the raw time-ordered data. Filtering is frequently used to minimize the impact of low frequency noise, atmospheric contributions and/or scan synchronous signals on the resulting maps. In this work we explicitly construct a general filtering operator, which can unambiguously remove any set of unwanted modes in the data, and then amend the map-making procedure in order to incorporate and correct for it. We show that such an approach is mathematically equivalent to the solution of a problem in which the sky signal and unwanted modes are estimated simultaneously and the latter are marginalized over. We investigate the conditions under which this amended map-making procedure can render an unbiased estimate of the sky signal in realistic circumstances. We then study the effects of time-domain filtering on the noise correlation structure in the map domain, as well as impact it may have on the performance of the popular pseudo-spectrum estimators. We conclude that although maps produced by the proposed estimators arguably provide the most faithful representation of the sky possible given the data, they may not straightforwardly lead to the best constraints on the power spectra of the underlying sky signal and special care may need to be taken to ensure this is the case. By contrast, simplified map-makers which do not explicitly correct for time-domain filtering, but leave it to subsequent steps in the data analysis, may perform equally well and be easier and faster to implement. We focus on polarization-sensitive measurements targeting the B-mode component of the CMB signal and apply the proposed methods to realistic simulations based on characteristics of an actual CMB polarization experiment, POLARBEAR., Comment: 26 pages
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. POLARBEAR Constraints on Cosmic Birefringence and Primordial Magnetic Fields

Author: POLARBEAR Collaboration, Ade, Peter A. R., Arnold, Kam, Atlas, Matt, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Cukierman, Ari, Dobbs, Matt, Ducout, Anne, Dunner, Rolando, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Feng, Chang, Gilbert, Adam, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, John, Hall, Grantland, Halverson, Nils W., Hasegawa, Masaya, Hattori, Kaori, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Holzapfel, William L., Hori, Yasuto, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaehnig, Gregory C., Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kaufman, Jonathan P., Keating, Brian, Kermish, Zigmund, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kusaka, Akito, Jeune, Maude Le, Lee, Adrian T., Leitch, Erik M., Leon, David, Li, Yun, Linder, Eric, Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Matsumura, Tomotake, Miller, Nathan, Montgomery, Josh, Myers, Michael J., Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Okamura, Takahiro, Paar, Hans, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Christopher, Rebeiz, Gabriel, Reichardt, Christian L., Richards, Paul L., Ross, Colin, Rotermund, Kaja M., Schenck, David E., Sherwin, Blake D., Shimon, Meir, Shirley, Ian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smecher, Graeme, Stebor, Nathan, Steinbach, Bryan, Suzuki, Aritoki, Suzuki, Jun-ichi, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Tikhomirov, Alexei, Tomaru, Takayuki, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wilson, Brandon, Yadav, Amit, Zahn, Alex, Zahn, Oliver, POLARBEAR Collaboration, Ade, Peter A. R., Arnold, Kam, Atlas, Matt, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Cukierman, Ari, Dobbs, Matt, Ducout, Anne, Dunner, Rolando, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Feng, Chang, Gilbert, Adam, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, John, Hall, Grantland, Halverson, Nils W., Hasegawa, Masaya, Hattori, Kaori, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Holzapfel, William L., Hori, Yasuto, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaehnig, Gregory C., Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kaufman, Jonathan P., Keating, Brian, Kermish, Zigmund, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kusaka, Akito, Jeune, Maude Le, Lee, Adrian T., Leitch, Erik M., Leon, David, Li, Yun, Linder, Eric, Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Matsumura, Tomotake, Miller, Nathan, Montgomery, Josh, Myers, Michael J., Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Okamura, Takahiro, Paar, Hans, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Christopher, Rebeiz, Gabriel, Reichardt, Christian L., Richards, Paul L., Ross, Colin, Rotermund, Kaja M., Schenck, David E., Sherwin, Blake D., Shimon, Meir, Shirley, Ian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smecher, Graeme, Stebor, Nathan, Steinbach, Bryan, Suzuki, Aritoki, Suzuki, Jun-ichi, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Tikhomirov, Alexei, Tomaru, Takayuki, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wilson, Brandon, Yadav, Amit, Zahn, Alex, and Zahn, Oliver
Abstract: We constrain anisotropic cosmic birefringence using four-point correlations of even-parity $E$-mode and odd-parity $B$-mode polarization in the cosmic microwave background measurements made by the POLARization of the Background Radiation (POLARBEAR) experiment in its first season of observations. We find that the anisotropic cosmic birefringence signal from any parity-violating processes is consistent with zero. The Faraday rotation from anisotropic cosmic birefringence can be compared with the equivalent quantity generated by primordial magnetic fields if they existed. The POLARBEAR nondetection translates into a 95% confidence level (C.L.) upper limit of 93 nanogauss (nG) on the amplitude of an equivalent primordial magnetic field inclusive of systematic uncertainties. This four-point correlation constraint on Faraday rotation is about 15 times tighter than the upper limit of 1380 nG inferred from constraining the contribution of Faraday rotation to two-point correlations of $B$-modes measured by Planck in 2015. Metric perturbations sourced by primordial magnetic fields would also contribute to the $B$-mode power spectrum. Using the POLARBEAR measurements of the $B$-mode power spectrum (two-point correlation), we set a 95% C.L. upper limit of 3.9 nG on primordial magnetic fields assuming a flat prior on the field amplitude. This limit is comparable to what was found in the Planck 2015 two-point correlation analysis with both temperature and polarization. We perform a set of systematic error tests and find no evidence for contamination. This work marks the first time that anisotropic cosmic birefringence or primordial magnetic fields have been constrained from the ground at subdegree scales., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. Phys. Rev. D Editors' Suggestion
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. POLARBEAR Constraints on Cosmic Birefringence and Primordial Magnetic Fields

Author: POLARBEAR Collaboration, Ade, Peter A. R., Arnold, Kam, Atlas, Matt, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Cukierman, Ari, Dobbs, Matt, Ducout, Anne, Dunner, Rolando, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Feng, Chang, Gilbert, Adam, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, John, Hall, Grantland, Halverson, Nils W., Hasegawa, Masaya, Hattori, Kaori, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Holzapfel, William L., Hori, Yasuto, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaehnig, Gregory C., Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kaufman, Jonathan P., Keating, Brian, Kermish, Zigmund, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kusaka, Akito, Jeune, Maude Le, Lee, Adrian T., Leitch, Erik M., Leon, David, Li, Yun, Linder, Eric, Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Matsumura, Tomotake, Miller, Nathan, Montgomery, Josh, Myers, Michael J., Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Okamura, Takahiro, Paar, Hans, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Christopher, Rebeiz, Gabriel, Reichardt, Christian L., Richards, Paul L., Ross, Colin, Rotermund, Kaja M., Schenck, David E., Sherwin, Blake D., Shimon, Meir, Shirley, Ian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smecher, Graeme, Stebor, Nathan, Steinbach, Bryan, Suzuki, Aritoki, Suzuki, Jun-ichi, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Tikhomirov, Alexei, Tomaru, Takayuki, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wilson, Brandon, Yadav, Amit, Zahn, Alex, Zahn, Oliver, POLARBEAR Collaboration, Ade, Peter A. R., Arnold, Kam, Atlas, Matt, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Boettger, David, Borrill, Julian, Chapman, Scott, Chinone, Yuji, Cukierman, Ari, Dobbs, Matt, Ducout, Anne, Dunner, Rolando, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Feng, Chang, Gilbert, Adam, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Groh, John, Hall, Grantland, Halverson, Nils W., Hasegawa, Masaya, Hattori, Kaori, Hazumi, Masashi, Hill, Charles, Holzapfel, William L., Hori, Yasuto, Howe, Logan, Inoue, Yuki, Jaehnig, Gregory C., Jaffe, Andrew H., Jeong, Oliver, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kaufman, Jonathan P., Keating, Brian, Kermish, Zigmund, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kusaka, Akito, Jeune, Maude Le, Lee, Adrian T., Leitch, Erik M., Leon, David, Li, Yun, Linder, Eric, Lowry, Lindsay, Matsuda, Frederick, Matsumura, Tomotake, Miller, Nathan, Montgomery, Josh, Myers, Michael J., Navaroli, Martin, Nishino, Haruki, Okamura, Takahiro, Paar, Hans, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Poletti, Davide, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Christopher, Rebeiz, Gabriel, Reichardt, Christian L., Richards, Paul L., Ross, Colin, Rotermund, Kaja M., Schenck, David E., Sherwin, Blake D., Shimon, Meir, Shirley, Ian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smecher, Graeme, Stebor, Nathan, Steinbach, Bryan, Suzuki, Aritoki, Suzuki, Jun-ichi, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Tikhomirov, Alexei, Tomaru, Takayuki, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wilson, Brandon, Yadav, Amit, Zahn, Alex, and Zahn, Oliver
Abstract: We constrain anisotropic cosmic birefringence using four-point correlations of even-parity $E$-mode and odd-parity $B$-mode polarization in the cosmic microwave background measurements made by the POLARization of the Background Radiation (POLARBEAR) experiment in its first season of observations. We find that the anisotropic cosmic birefringence signal from any parity-violating processes is consistent with zero. The Faraday rotation from anisotropic cosmic birefringence can be compared with the equivalent quantity generated by primordial magnetic fields if they existed. The POLARBEAR nondetection translates into a 95% confidence level (C.L.) upper limit of 93 nanogauss (nG) on the amplitude of an equivalent primordial magnetic field inclusive of systematic uncertainties. This four-point correlation constraint on Faraday rotation is about 15 times tighter than the upper limit of 1380 nG inferred from constraining the contribution of Faraday rotation to two-point correlations of $B$-modes measured by Planck in 2015. Metric perturbations sourced by primordial magnetic fields would also contribute to the $B$-mode power spectrum. Using the POLARBEAR measurements of the $B$-mode power spectrum (two-point correlation), we set a 95% C.L. upper limit of 3.9 nG on primordial magnetic fields assuming a flat prior on the field amplitude. This limit is comparable to what was found in the Planck 2015 two-point correlation analysis with both temperature and polarization. We perform a set of systematic error tests and find no evidence for contamination. This work marks the first time that anisotropic cosmic birefringence or primordial magnetic fields have been constrained from the ground at subdegree scales., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. Phys. Rev. D Editors' Suggestion
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

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19 results on '"Howe, Logan"'

1. The Simons Observatory : science goals and forecasts

2. Evidence for the Cross-correlation between Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Lensing from POLARBEAR and Cosmic Shear from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam

3. Evidence for the Cross-correlation between Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Lensing from POLARBEAR and Cosmic Shear from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam

4. The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts

5. Measurements of tropospheric ice clouds with a ground-based CMB polarization experiment, POLARBEAR

6. The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts

7. The Simons Observatory: Instrument Overview

8. Design and characterization of the POLARBEAR-2b and POLARBEAR-2c cosmic microwave background cryogenic receivers

9. A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode Polarization Power Spectrum at Subdegree Scales from Two Years of POLARBEAR Data

10. Measurements of tropospheric ice clouds with a ground-based CMB polarization experiment, POLARBEAR

11. The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts

12. The Simons Observatory: Instrument Overview

13. Design and characterization of the POLARBEAR-2b and POLARBEAR-2c cosmic microwave background cryogenic receivers

14. Performance of a continuously rotating half-wave plate on the POLARBEAR telescope

15. Performance of a continuously rotating half-wave plate on the POLARBEAR telescope

16. Making maps of Cosmic Microwave Background polarization for B-mode studies: the POLARBEAR example

17. Making maps of Cosmic Microwave Background polarization for B-mode studies: the POLARBEAR example

18. POLARBEAR Constraints on Cosmic Birefringence and Primordial Magnetic Fields

19. POLARBEAR Constraints on Cosmic Birefringence and Primordial Magnetic Fields

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19 results on '"Howe, Logan"'

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