Search

Your search keyword '"Holland, Mike"' showing total 17 results
Start Over Author "Holland, Mike" Publication Type Electronic Resources
17 results on '"Holland, Mike"'

1. Modelling benzo(a)pyrene concentrations for different meteorological conditions - analysis of lung cancer cases and associated economic costs

Author

Porwisiak, Paweł, Werner, Małgorzata, Kryza, Maciej, Vieno, Massimo, Holland, Mike, ApSimon, Helen, Drzeniecka-Osiadacz, Anetta, Skotak, Krzysztof, Gawuc, Lech, Szymankiewicz, Karol, Porwisiak, Paweł, Werner, Małgorzata, Kryza, Maciej, Vieno, Massimo, Holland, Mike, ApSimon, Helen, Drzeniecka-Osiadacz, Anetta, Skotak, Krzysztof, Gawuc, Lech, and Szymankiewicz, Karol

Abstract

Air pollution originating from the household presents a significant burden to public health, especially during the wintertime in countries, such as Poland, where coal substantially contributes to the energy market. One of the most hazardous components of particulate matter is benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). This study focusses on the impact of different meteorological conditions on BaP concentrations in Poland and associated impacts on human health and economic burdens. For this study, we used the EMEP MSC-W atmospheric chemistry transport model with meteorological data from the Weather Research and Forecasting model to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of BaP over Central Europe. The model setup has two nested domains, with the inner domain at 4 km × 4 km over Poland, which is a hotspot for BaP concentrations. The outer domain covers countries surrounding Poland in coarser resolution (12 × 812 km), to ensure that transboundary pollution is properly characterized in the modelling. We investigated the sensitivity to variability in winter meteorological conditions on BaP levels and impacts using data from 3 years: 1) 2018, which represents average meteorological conditions during the winter season (BASE run), 2) 2010 with a cold winter (COLD), and 3) 2020 with a warm winter (WARM). The ALPHA-RiskPoll model was used to analyze the lung cancer cases and associated economic costs. The results show that the majority of Poland exceeds the target level of benzo(a)pyrene (1 ng m−3) mainly due to high concentrations during the cold months. High concentrations of BaP have serious health implications and the number of lung cancers in Poland due to BaP exposure varies from 57 to 77 cases for the WARM and COLD years, respectively. It is reflected in the economic costs, which ranged from 136, through 174 to 185 million euros/year for the WARM, BASE and COLD model runs, respectively.

Published
2023

3. Particle toxicity’s role in air pollution — Response

Author

Gu, Baojing, Zhang, Lin, Holland, Mike, Vieno, Massimo, Van Grinsven, Hans J.M., Zhang, Shaohui, Rao, Shilpa, Sutton, Mark A., Gu, Baojing, Zhang, Lin, Holland, Mike, Vieno, Massimo, Van Grinsven, Hans J.M., Zhang, Shaohui, Rao, Shilpa, and Sutton, Mark A.

Abstract

A response to: Thurston, G.D., Chen, L.C., Campen, M. (2022). Particle toxicity’s role in air pollution. Science, 375(6580), 506-506.

Published
2022

4. Abating ammonia is more cost-effective than nitrogen oxides for mitigating PM2.5 air pollution

Author

Gu, Baojing, Zhang, Lin, Van Dingenen, Rita, Vieno, Massimo, Van Grinsven, Hans J.M., Zhang, Xiuming, Zhang, Shaohui, Chen, Youfan, Wang, Sitong, Ren, Chenchen, Rao, Shilpa, Holland, Mike, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Chen, Deli, Xu, Jianming, Sutton, Mark A., Gu, Baojing, Zhang, Lin, Van Dingenen, Rita, Vieno, Massimo, Van Grinsven, Hans J.M., Zhang, Xiuming, Zhang, Shaohui, Chen, Youfan, Wang, Sitong, Ren, Chenchen, Rao, Shilpa, Holland, Mike, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Chen, Deli, Xu, Jianming, and Sutton, Mark A.

Abstract

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5, particles with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers) in the atmosphere is associated with severe negative impacts on human health, and the gases sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia are the main PM2.5 precursors. However, their contribution to global health impacts has not yet been analyzed. Here, we show that nitrogen accounted for 39% of global PM2.5 exposure in 2013, increasing from 30% in 1990 with rising reactive nitrogen emissions and successful controls on sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen emissions to air caused an estimated 23.3 million years of life lost in 2013, corresponding to an annual welfare loss of 420 billion United States dollars for premature death. The marginal abatement cost of ammonia emission is only 10% that of nitrogen oxides emission globally, highlighting the priority for ammonia reduction.

Published
2021

5. The UK Integrated Assessment Model for source apportionment and air pollution policy applications to PM2.5

Author

ApSimon, Helen, Oxley, Tim, Woodward, Huw, Mehlig, Daniel, Dore, Anthony, Holland, Mike, ApSimon, Helen, Oxley, Tim, Woodward, Huw, Mehlig, Daniel, Dore, Anthony, and Holland, Mike

Abstract

Source apportionment and the effect of reducing individual sources is important input for the development of strategies to address air pollution. The UK Integrated Assessment Model, UKIAM, has been developed for this purpose as a flexible framework, combining information from different atmospheric dispersion models to cover different pollutant contributions, and span the range from European to local scale. In this paper we describe the UKIAM as developed for SO2, NOx, NH3, PM2.5 and VOCs. We illustrate its versatility and application with assessment of current PM2.5 concentrations and exposure of the UK population, as a case-study that has been used as the starting point to investigate potential improvement towards attainment of the WHO guideline of 10 µg/m3.

Published
2021

6. Potential and limitation of air pollution mitigation by vegetation and uncertainties of deposition-based evaluations

Author

Nemitz, Eiko, Vieno, Massimo, Carnell, Edward, Fitch, Alice, Steadman, Claudia, Cryle, Philip, Holland, Mike, Morton, R. Daniel, Hall, Jane, Mills, Gina, Hayes, Felicity, Dickie, Ian, Carruthers, David, Fowler, David, Reis, Stefan, Jones, Laurence, Nemitz, Eiko, Vieno, Massimo, Carnell, Edward, Fitch, Alice, Steadman, Claudia, Cryle, Philip, Holland, Mike, Morton, R. Daniel, Hall, Jane, Mills, Gina, Hayes, Felicity, Dickie, Ian, Carruthers, David, Fowler, David, Reis, Stefan, and Jones, Laurence

Abstract

The potential to capture additional air pollutants by introducing more vegetation or changing existing short vegetation to woodland on first sight provides an attractive route for lowering urban pollution. Here, an atmospheric chemistry and transport model was run with a range of landcover scenarios to quantify pollutant removal by the existing total UK vegetation as well as the UK urban vegetation and to quantify the effect of large-scale urban tree planting on urban air pollution. UK vegetation as a whole reduces area (population)-weighted concentrations significantly, by 10% (9%) for PM2.5, 30% (22%) for SO2, 24% (19%) for NH3 and 15% (13%) for O3, compared with a desert scenario. By contrast, urban vegetation reduces average urban PM2.5 by only approximately 1%. Even large-scale conversion of half of existing open urban greenspace to forest would lower urban PM2.5 by only another 1%, suggesting that the effect on air quality needs to be considered in the context of the wider benefits of urban tree planting, e.g. on physical and mental health. The net benefits of UK vegetation for NO2 are small, and urban tree planting is even forecast to increase urban NO2 and NOx concentrations, due to the chemical interaction with changes in BVOC emissions and O3, but the details depend on tree species selection. By extrapolation, green infrastructure projects focusing on non-greenspace (roadside trees, green walls, roof-top gardens) would have to be implemented at very large scales to match this effect. Downscaling of the results to micro-interventions solely aimed at pollutant removal suggests that their impact is too limited for their cost–benefit analysis to compare favourably with emission abatement measures. Urban vegetation planting is less effective for lowering pollution than measures to reduce emissions at source. The results highlight interactions that cannot be captured if benefits are quantified via deposition models using prescribed concentrations, and emission d

Published
2020

7. Urban natural capital accounts: developing a novel approach to quantify air pollution removal by vegetation

Author

Jones, Laurence, Vieno, Massimo, Fitch, Alice, Carnell, Edward, Steadman, Claudia, Cryle, Philip, Holland, Mike, Nemitz, Eiko, Morton, Dan, Hall, Jane, Mills, Gina, Dickie, Ian, Reis, Stefan, Jones, Laurence, Vieno, Massimo, Fitch, Alice, Carnell, Edward, Steadman, Claudia, Cryle, Philip, Holland, Mike, Nemitz, Eiko, Morton, Dan, Hall, Jane, Mills, Gina, Dickie, Ian, and Reis, Stefan

Abstract

Air pollution presents a major risk to human health, resulting in premature deaths and reduced quality of life. Quantifying the role of vegetation in reducing air pollution concentrations is an important contribution to urban natural capital accounting. However, most current methods to calculate pollution removal are static, and do not represent atmospheric transport of pollutants, or interactions among pollutants and meteorology. An additional challenge is defining urban extent in a way that captures the green and blue infrastructure providing the service in a consistent way. We developed a refined urban morphology layer which incorporates urban green and blue space. We then applied an atmospheric chemistry transport model (EMEP4UK) to calculate pollutant removal by urban natural capital for pollutants including PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3. We calculated health benefits directly from the change in pollutant concentrations (i.e. exposure) rather than from tonnes of pollutant removed. Urban natural capital across Britain removes 28,700 tonnes of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3. The economic value of the health benefits are substantial: £136 million in 2015, resulting from 900 fewer respiratory hospital admissions, 220 fewer cardiovascular hospital admissions, 240 fewer deaths and 3600 fewer Life Years Lost.

Published
2019

8. Quantifying and valuing the role of UK vegetation in the removal of particulate matter

Author

Nemitz, Eiko, Jones, Laurence, Vieno, Massimo, Morton, Daniel, Carnell, Ed, Reis, Stefan, Dickie, Ian, Cryle, Philip, Holland, Mike, Nemitz, Eiko, Jones, Laurence, Vieno, Massimo, Morton, Daniel, Carnell, Ed, Reis, Stefan, Dickie, Ian, Cryle, Philip, and Holland, Mike

Abstract

Air pollution presents a major risk to human health, resulting in premature deaths and reduced quality of life. Vegetation can play a role in reducing concentrations of air pollutants, but estimates of the service that vegetation provides are highly variable. The majority of methods used to calculate pollution removal are driven with static concentrations and therefore ignore the feedback of removal on concentrations, and interactions with wet deposition processes and between compounds. In this study we applied an atmospheric chemistry and transport model (EMEP4UK) to calculate the amount of pollutant removal in the UK by current vegetation for PM2.5, but also gaseous pollutants (NO2, NH3, SO2, O3) by comparing a model run with current landcover to a baseline scenario in which vegetation was replaced by bare soil. From these data we calculated the health benefits from the changes in pollutant concentrations (i.e. change in exposure) induced by the additional pollution removal by the vegetation. Results show that current UK vegetation as a whole reduces concentrations of PM2.5 by around 10%, far greater than in previous studies. The economic value of the health benefits are substantial: £1 billion in avoided health costs estimated for 2015, resulting from 1900 avoided deaths, 27,000 avoided life years lost, 5,800 fewer respiratory hospital admissions and 1,300 fewer cardiovascular hospital admissions. We also show that the benefits do not always occur in the same location as the pollutant removal. In other words the benefits, defined in terms of reduced pollutant concentrations, are also transported in the atmosphere. Copyright © 2018 by the International Aerosol Conference (IAC).

Published
2018

9. ÉCLAIRE - Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosytems - second periodic report 01/04/2013 to 30/09/2014

Author

Sutton, Mark, Howard, Clare, Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, Bill, Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark, Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Serina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Patrick, Bueker, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulrike, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmina, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, David, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Erin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katerina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Beth, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellingo, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Wichink, Roy, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, Zubkova, Elena, Sutton, Mark, Howard, Clare, Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, Bill, Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark, Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Serina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Patrick, Bueker, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulrike, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmina, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, David, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Erin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katerina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Beth, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellingo, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Wichink, Roy, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, and Zubkova, Elena

Published
2015

10. ECLAIRE: Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems. Project final report

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, William J., Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark R., Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Seraina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Bueker, Patrick, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulli, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmira, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, Dave, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Elin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katrina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka Skevin, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ben, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellinga, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Wichink, Roy, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, Zubkova, Elena, Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, William J., Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark R., Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Seraina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Bueker, Patrick, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulli, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmira, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, Dave, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Elin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katrina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka Skevin, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ben, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellinga, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Wichink, Roy, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, and Zubkova, Elena

Abstract

The central goal of ECLAIRE is to assess how climate change will alter the extent to which air pollutants threaten terrestrial ecosystems. Particular attention has been given to nitrogen compounds, especially nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3), as well as Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) in relation to tropospheric ozone (O3) formation, including their interactions with aerosol components. ECLAIRE has combined a broad program of field and laboratory experimentation and modelling of pollution fluxes and ecosystem impacts, advancing both mechanistic understanding and providing support to European policy makers. The central finding of ECLAIRE is that future climate change is expected to worsen the threat of air pollutants on Europe’s ecosystems. Firstly, climate warming is expected to increase the emissions of many trace gases, such as agricultural NH3, the soil component of NOx emissions and key BVOCs. Experimental data and numerical models show how these effects will tend to increase atmospheric N deposition in future. By contrast, the net effect on tropospheric O3 is less clear. This is because parallel increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations will offset the temperature-driven increase for some BVOCs, such as isoprene. By contrast, there is currently insufficient evidence to be confident that CO2 will offset anticipated climate increases in monoterpene emissions. Secondly, climate warming is found to be likely to increase the vulnerability of ecosystems towards air pollutant exposure or atmospheric deposition. Such effects may occur as a consequence of combined perturbation, as well as through specific interactions, such as between drought, O3, N and aerosol exposure. These combined effects of climate change are expected to offset part of the benefit of current emissions control policies. Unless decisive mitigation actions are taken, it is anticipated that ongoing climate warming will increase agricultural and other biogenic emissions, posing a c

Published
2015

11. ECLAIRE third periodic report

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, William J., Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark R., Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibeke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Seraina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Bueker, Patrick, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulli, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana Dzaja, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmira, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, Davie, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Elin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katrina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka Skevin, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ben, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, Van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellinga, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Kruit, Roy Wichink, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, Zubkova, Elena, Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, William J., Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark R., Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibeke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Seraina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Bueker, Patrick, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulli, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana Dzaja, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmira, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, Davie, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Elin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katrina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka Skevin, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ben, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, Van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellinga, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Kruit, Roy Wichink, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, and Zubkova, Elena

Abstract

The ÉCLAIRE project (Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems) is a four year (2011-2015) project funded by the EU's Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7).

Published
2015

12. Nitrogen

Author

Maione, Michela, Fuzzi, Sandro, Sutton, Mark A., Reis, Stefan, Howard, Clare M., Bealey, William J., Nemitz, Eiko, Fowler, David, Bleeker, Albert, Hicks, Kevin W., Beier, Claus, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, de Vries, Wim, Oenema, Oene, Erisman, Jan Willem, Holland, Mike, Klimont, Zbigniew, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amman, Marcus, Maione, Michela, Fuzzi, Sandro, Sutton, Mark A., Reis, Stefan, Howard, Clare M., Bealey, William J., Nemitz, Eiko, Fowler, David, Bleeker, Albert, Hicks, Kevin W., Beier, Claus, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, de Vries, Wim, Oenema, Oene, Erisman, Jan Willem, Holland, Mike, Klimont, Zbigniew, Winiwarter, Wilfried, and Amman, Marcus

Published
2013

13. Costs and benefits of nitrogen for Europe and implications for mitigation

Author

Van Grinsven, Hans J.M., Holland, Mike, Jacobsen, Brian H., Klimont, Zbigniew, Sutton, Mark A., Willems, W. Jaap, Van Grinsven, Hans J.M., Holland, Mike, Jacobsen, Brian H., Klimont, Zbigniew, Sutton, Mark A., and Willems, W. Jaap

Abstract

Cost-benefit analysis can be used to provide guidance for emerging policy priorities in reducing nitrogen (N) pollution. This paper provides a critical and comprehensive assessment of costs and benefits of the various flows of N on human health, ecosystems and climate stability in order to identify major options for mitigation. The social cost of impacts of N in the EU27 in 2008 was estimated between €75–485 billion per year. A cost share of around 60% is related to emissions to air. The share of total impacts on human health is about 45% and may reflect the higher willingness to pay for human health than for ecosystems or climate stability. Air pollution by nitrogen also generates social benefits for climate by present cooling effects of N containing aerosol and C-sequestration driven by N deposition, amounting to an estimated net benefit of about €5 billion/yr. The economic benefit of N in primary agricultural production ranges between €20–80 billion/yr and is lower than the annual cost of pollution by agricultural N which is in the range of €35–230 billion/yr. Internalizing these environmental costs would lower the optimum annual N-fertilization rate in Northwestern Europe by about 50 kg/ha. Acknowledging the large uncertainties and conceptual issues of our cost-benefit estimates, the results support the priority for further reduction of NH3 and NOx emissions from transport and agriculture beyond commitments recently agreed in revision of the Gothenburg Protocol.

Published
2013

14. Costs and benefits of nitrogen in the environment

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Erisman, Jan Willem, Billen, Gilles, Bleeker, Albert, Grennfelt, Peringe, van Grinsven, Hans, Grizzetti, Bruna, Brink, Corjan, Jacobsen, Brian H., Rabl, Ari, Gren, Ing-Marie, Holland, Mike, Klimont, Zbigniew, Hicks, Kevin, Brouwer, Roy, Dickens, Roald, Willems, Jaap, Termansen, Mette, Velthof, Gerard, Alkemade, Rob, van Oorschot, Mark, Webb, Jim, Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Erisman, Jan Willem, Billen, Gilles, Bleeker, Albert, Grennfelt, Peringe, van Grinsven, Hans, Grizzetti, Bruna, Brink, Corjan, Jacobsen, Brian H., Rabl, Ari, Gren, Ing-Marie, Holland, Mike, Klimont, Zbigniew, Hicks, Kevin, Brouwer, Roy, Dickens, Roald, Willems, Jaap, Termansen, Mette, Velthof, Gerard, Alkemade, Rob, van Oorschot, Mark, and Webb, Jim

Published
2011

16. The UNECE International Cooperative Programme on Vegetation Final Report May 2006

Author

Mills, Gina, Harmens, Harry, Hayes, Felicity, Jones, Laurence, Williams, Phillip, Emberson, Lisa, Cinderby, Steve, Terry, Andrew, Ashmore, Mike, Holland, Mike, Green, Emma, Power, Sally, Mills, Gina, Harmens, Harry, Hayes, Felicity, Jones, Laurence, Williams, Phillip, Emberson, Lisa, Cinderby, Steve, Terry, Andrew, Ashmore, Mike, Holland, Mike, Green, Emma, and Power, Sally

Published
2006

17. Inspection, school improvement, development and change

Author

Lowe, Geoffrey C., Holland, Mike, and Simkins, Timothy

Subjects
373.1207
Abstract

The defining characteristic of this study's contribution to educational research is the dual perspective - both technical/rational and cultural/political - that it brings to bear on Ofsted's school inspection process. This longitudinal investigation has two aims: test the claim that Ofsted inspection leads to "school improvement" and to illuminate the process of inspection-induced change. The fieldwork took place in six large secondary schools inspected during the year 1996-1997 and drew on the reactions of teachers at all levels within the schools. The thesis begins by examining Ofsted's technical/rational perspective of "school improvement", using the implementation of schools' "key issues for action" as an indicator of change and "school improvement". Three questions are put about the implementation of inspection recommendations: "Which factors in the inspection process, school and immediate environment influence a school's response to the "key issues for action"? Do "key issues for action" become the school's agenda for change and improvement? Does implementation lead to change and improvement in all areas of the school's activity? The study identifies how factors in the inspection process, the school and the immediate environment interact to influence the implementation of key isssues. The six case studies of implementation of inspection recommendations, concerned both with teaching and learning, provide rich descriptions of the schools' response to Ofsted's agenda for teaching and learning. As the investigation progressed teachers' meanings towards Ofsted inspection and "school improvement" were brought within its scope. The research identifies political issues raised by the participants and charts the emergence of political themes relating to the implementation of "key issues for action". The discussion places the two different perspectives within a framework of social theory and develops the dual research method as well as the requisite processes and procedures. The investigation offers tentative conclusions about Ofsted inspection and concludes by considering the implications for Ofsted's current inspection practice.

Published
2003

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results