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The thermal decomposition of iodine periodate and its mixture with lactose was investigated using differential thermal analysis (DTA, open system), cell-differential calorimetry (SC-DSC) and IR and Raman spectroscopy., Tepelný rozklad jodistanu draselného a jeho směsi s laktózou byl zkoumán pomocí diferenciální termické analýzy (DTA, otevřený systém) a IR a Ramanovy spektroskopie. Kromě toho bylo jejich fyzické nebezpečí testováno pomocí uzavřené diferenční kalorimetrie buněk (SC-DSC).

自動車エアバッグ用ガス発生剤の燃焼ガスに含まれる有害ガス(CO, NH3 およびNOx)を低減させるための基礎的研究として, 硝酸グアニジン(GN)/塩基性硝酸銅(BCN)混合物に対してストランド燃焼試験を行い, 燃焼速度および燃焼ガス組成に及ぼす試料組成および雰囲気ガス種類の影響について検討した. その結果, GN/BCN のモル比が7/4 の際に燃焼速度が最大となった. 一方, 同組成の試料は, 試験を実施したその他の試料(GN/BCN = 12/4, 10/4, 9/4, 8/4)の中で最も有害ガス発生量が多かった. また, N2, Ar およびHe 雰囲気下において燃焼試験を実施したところ, He 雰囲気下の圧力指数はその他の雰囲気に比べ高くなった. また, NOx の発生量は, Ar < N2 < He の順に増加する傾向が見られ, 雰囲気ガスの熱伝導率の違いが燃焼ガス組成に影響を及ぼした可能性がある., As a fundamental study for reducing toxic gases such as CO, NH3, and NOx in the combustion gas for gas generators in automotive airbags, the influence of composition ratio and type of atmospheric gas on the combustion behavior of a guanidine nitrate (GN) and basic copper nitrate (BCN) mixture was investigated using the chimney-type strand burner. The results indicated that the burning rate was highest at the molar ratio of GN/BCN = 7/4. However, the mixture with this molar ratio released the most amount of toxic gases among the other examined samples (GN/BCN = 12/4, 10/4, 9/4, 8/4). In addition, the results of combustion tests conducted under N2, Ar, or He atmospheres revealed that the pressure index under He was higher than that under the other atmospheres. And, the amount of NOx increased under the different atmospheres in the following order: Ar < N2 < He. This may indicate that the thermal conductivity of atmospheric gases influences the combustion gas composition., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations

本研究では, 硝酸アンモニウム(AN), 過塩素酸アンモニウム(AP)およびポリマーが混合した粒子(粒径約34μm)をスプレードライにより造粒し, 同粒子を酸化剤とする推進薬を調製した。また, 推進薬調製時のスプレードライ粒子とパインダ(末端水酸基ポリプタジエン)との混合性および調製した推進薬の着火性について検討した。その結果, ポリマーに水溶性ポリマーを用いて調製したスプレードライ粒子は粒子表面が平滑であり, また, パインダと混合した際の粘度が低く混合性が高い傾向が見られた。また, 酸化剤(AN/AP)中のAN比を≤20wt.%とした推進薬は, 燃焼中断することなく燃焼が持続し, また, 市販のANおよびAPを酸化剤とする推進薬と比較して圧力指数が低下することが明らかになった。, In this study, we prepared solid propellants of spray dried particles (diameter: approx. 34μm) with mixed ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium perchlorate (AP), and polymer. And we evaluated the viscosity of the mixtures of the spray dried particles and the binder (Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) as an index of miscibility and the combustion characteristics of the prepared propellants. The spray dried particles of a water-soluble polymer easily mixed with HTPB, and the viscosity of the resulting mixture was low. This phenomenon was possibly related to the smooth surface of the particles, as observed by SEM. The results of the combustion test conducted under 3 MPa of pressurized condition show that the combustion of the prepared propellants with the AN mass ratio less than or equal to 20 wt.% (in AN/AP) was successfully completed without any misfiring. In addition, the pressure dependency of the burning rate was lower than that of the propellant prepared from commercial AN and AP., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations

Ammonium nitrate (AN) shows promise as a gas generator component because of its affordable price. However, handling this compound is problematic because it is highly hygroscopic and hence undergoes aggregation and solidification. In this study, in order to prevent the hygroscopicity of phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate (AN/KN), we prepared particles from a combination of AN/KN and a polymer (moisture-proof agent) by the spray drying technique and investigated the hygroscopicity. A white powder with a particle diameter of about 20-40microns was successfully prepared by spray drying water solutions (or water dispersions) containing AN/KN and each of the three types of polymers. The results of elemental analysis by Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) indicated that each component was homogeneously distributed in the particles. Particle aggregation was hardly observed, and the moisture absorption amount was lower than that in the case of the polymer-free (blank) sample. Evn under high-moisture conditions, the particles did not deliquesce immediately and retained their original shape, unlike the blank sample., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations