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[EN] Hepatic coccidiosis occurred in 56 rabbits belonging to different ages, sexes and breeds during the years from 2002 to 2005. Clinically, the severely affected rabbits showed decreased growth rate, anorexia, debilitation, listlessness, diarrhea, icterus and rough hair coat. Postmortem examinations revealed increased dirty dull straw colored peritoneal fluid. Hepatomegaly, with presence of discrete yellowish-white nodules of 1mm to 1 cm size on the surface and throughout the parenchyma, was seen. Smears from peritoneal fluid showed rafts of mesothelial cells. Impression smears from the liver nodules revealed presence of numerous developmental stages of Eimeria stiedae corresponding with the stage of the liver lesion. These were intermixed with sheats of hepatobiliary cells and inflammatory cells and the changes were reflective of the histological changes like biliary hyperplasia, cholangitis and vacuolar changes occurring in the liver. There was increase in the thickness of basement membrane with the advanced stage of the lesion. The basement membrane was up to 1-2 µm in thickness forming loop like structures over which resided hyperplastic biliary cells containing different stages of the parasite. Some thickened basement membranes were devoid of overlying cells which had desquamated and were present in the ductal lumens suggesting that the basement might have the local defensive role in warding of the coccidial infection. The basement membrane was positive for neutral mucopolysaccharides while as the inflammatory zones and biliary epithelia along with the gametogonic stages of the coccidium reacted positively to the increased acid mucopolysaccharides qualitatively. The results showed that the occurrence of hepatic coccidiosis in female rabbits coincided with the breeding and kindling periods. Direct wet mount smears from bile aid in diagnosis of the disease. Impression smears from the liver nodules might represent the histological changes in the liver. The basem

[EN] Hepatic coccidiosis occurred in 56 rabbits belonging to different ages, sexes and breeds during the years from 2002 to 2005. Clinically, the severely affected rabbits showed decreased growth rate, anorexia, debilitation, listlessness, diarrhea, icterus and rough hair coat. Postmortem examinations revealed increased dirty dull straw colored peritoneal fluid. Hepatomegaly, with presence of discrete yellowish-white nodules of 1mm to 1 cm size on the surface and throughout the parenchyma, was seen. Smears from peritoneal fluid showed rafts of mesothelial cells. Impression smears from the liver nodules revealed presence of numerous developmental stages of Eimeria stiedae corresponding with the stage of the liver lesion. These were intermixed with sheats of hepatobiliary cells and inflammatory cells and the changes were reflective of the histological changes like biliary hyperplasia, cholangitis and vacuolar changes occurring in the liver. There was increase in the thickness of basement membrane with the advanced stage of the lesion. The basement membrane was up to 1-2 µm in thickness forming loop like structures over which resided hyperplastic biliary cells containing different stages of the parasite. Some thickened basement membranes were devoid of overlying cells which had desquamated and were present in the ductal lumens suggesting that the basement might have the local defensive role in warding of the coccidial infection. The basement membrane was positive for neutral mucopolysaccharides while as the inflammatory zones and biliary epithelia along with the gametogonic stages of the coccidium reacted positively to the increased acid mucopolysaccharides qualitatively. The results showed that the occurrence of hepatic coccidiosis in female rabbits coincided with the breeding and kindling periods. Direct wet mount smears from bile aid in diagnosis of the disease. Impression smears from the liver nodules might represent the histological changes in the liver. The basem

[EN] Hepatic coccidiosis occurred in 56 rabbits belonging to different ages, sexes and breeds during the years from 2002 to 2005. Clinically, the severely affected rabbits showed decreased growth rate, anorexia, debilitation, listlessness, diarrhea, icterus and rough hair coat. Postmortem examinations revealed increased dirty dull straw colored peritoneal fluid. Hepatomegaly, with presence of discrete yellowish-white nodules of 1mm to 1 cm size on the surface and throughout the parenchyma, was seen. Smears from peritoneal fluid showed rafts of mesothelial cells. Impression smears from the liver nodules revealed presence of numerous developmental stages of Eimeria stiedae corresponding with the stage of the liver lesion. These were intermixed with sheats of hepatobiliary cells and inflammatory cells and the changes were reflective of the histological changes like biliary hyperplasia, cholangitis and vacuolar changes occurring in the liver. There was increase in the thickness of basement membrane with the advanced stage of the lesion. The basement membrane was up to 1-2 µm in thickness forming loop like structures over which resided hyperplastic biliary cells containing different stages of the parasite. Some thickened basement membranes were devoid of overlying cells which had desquamated and were present in the ductal lumens suggesting that the basement might have the local defensive role in warding of the coccidial infection. The basement membrane was positive for neutral mucopolysaccharides while as the inflammatory zones and biliary epithelia along with the gametogonic stages of the coccidium reacted positively to the increased acid mucopolysaccharides qualitatively. The results showed that the occurrence of hepatic coccidiosis in female rabbits coincided with the breeding and kindling periods. Direct wet mount smears from bile aid in diagnosis of the disease. Impression smears from the liver nodules might represent the histological changes in the liver. The basem

[EN] Hepatic coccidiosis occurred in 56 rabbits belonging to different ages, sexes and breeds during the years from 2002 to 2005. Clinically, the severely affected rabbits showed decreased growth rate, anorexia, debilitation, listlessness, diarrhea, icterus and rough hair coat. Postmortem examinations revealed increased dirty dull straw colored peritoneal fluid. Hepatomegaly, with presence of discrete yellowish-white nodules of 1mm to 1 cm size on the surface and throughout the parenchyma, was seen. Smears from peritoneal fluid showed rafts of mesothelial cells. Impression smears from the liver nodules revealed presence of numerous developmental stages of Eimeria stiedae corresponding with the stage of the liver lesion. These were intermixed with sheats of hepatobiliary cells and inflammatory cells and the changes were reflective of the histological changes like biliary hyperplasia, cholangitis and vacuolar changes occurring in the liver. There was increase in the thickness of basement membrane with the advanced stage of the lesion. The basement membrane was up to 1-2 µm in thickness forming loop like structures over which resided hyperplastic biliary cells containing different stages of the parasite. Some thickened basement membranes were devoid of overlying cells which had desquamated and were present in the ductal lumens suggesting that the basement might have the local defensive role in warding of the coccidial infection. The basement membrane was positive for neutral mucopolysaccharides while as the inflammatory zones and biliary epithelia along with the gametogonic stages of the coccidium reacted positively to the increased acid mucopolysaccharides qualitatively. The results showed that the occurrence of hepatic coccidiosis in female rabbits coincided with the breeding and kindling periods. Direct wet mount smears from bile aid in diagnosis of the disease. Impression smears from the liver nodules might represent the histological changes in the liver. The basem

[EN] Hepatic coccidiosis occurred in 56 rabbits belonging to different ages, sexes and breeds during the years from 2002 to 2005. Clinically, the severely affected rabbits showed decreased growth rate, anorexia, debilitation, listlessness, diarrhea, icterus and rough hair coat. Postmortem examinations revealed increased dirty dull straw colored peritoneal fluid. Hepatomegaly, with presence of discrete yellowish-white nodules of 1mm to 1 cm size on the surface and throughout the parenchyma, was seen. Smears from peritoneal fluid showed rafts of mesothelial cells. Impression smears from the liver nodules revealed presence of numerous developmental stages of Eimeria stiedae corresponding with the stage of the liver lesion. These were intermixed with sheats of hepatobiliary cells and inflammatory cells and the changes were reflective of the histological changes like biliary hyperplasia, cholangitis and vacuolar changes occurring in the liver. There was increase in the thickness of basement membrane with the advanced stage of the lesion. The basement membrane was up to 1-2 µm in thickness forming loop like structures over which resided hyperplastic biliary cells containing different stages of the parasite. Some thickened basement membranes were devoid of overlying cells which had desquamated and were present in the ductal lumens suggesting that the basement might have the local defensive role in warding of the coccidial infection. The basement membrane was positive for neutral mucopolysaccharides while as the inflammatory zones and biliary epithelia along with the gametogonic stages of the coccidium reacted positively to the increased acid mucopolysaccharides qualitatively. The results showed that the occurrence of hepatic coccidiosis in female rabbits coincided with the breeding and kindling periods. Direct wet mount smears from bile aid in diagnosis of the disease. Impression smears from the liver nodules might represent the histological changes in the liver. The basem

[EN] Hepatic coccidiosis occurred in 56 rabbits belonging to different ages, sexes and breeds during the years from 2002 to 2005. Clinically, the severely affected rabbits showed decreased growth rate, anorexia, debilitation, listlessness, diarrhea, icterus and rough hair coat. Postmortem examinations revealed increased dirty dull straw colored peritoneal fluid. Hepatomegaly, with presence of discrete yellowish-white nodules of 1mm to 1 cm size on the surface and throughout the parenchyma, was seen. Smears from peritoneal fluid showed rafts of mesothelial cells. Impression smears from the liver nodules revealed presence of numerous developmental stages of Eimeria stiedae corresponding with the stage of the liver lesion. These were intermixed with sheats of hepatobiliary cells and inflammatory cells and the changes were reflective of the histological changes like biliary hyperplasia, cholangitis and vacuolar changes occurring in the liver. There was increase in the thickness of basement membrane with the advanced stage of the lesion. The basement membrane was up to 1-2 µm in thickness forming loop like structures over which resided hyperplastic biliary cells containing different stages of the parasite. Some thickened basement membranes were devoid of overlying cells which had desquamated and were present in the ductal lumens suggesting that the basement might have the local defensive role in warding of the coccidial infection. The basement membrane was positive for neutral mucopolysaccharides while as the inflammatory zones and biliary epithelia along with the gametogonic stages of the coccidium reacted positively to the increased acid mucopolysaccharides qualitatively. The results showed that the occurrence of hepatic coccidiosis in female rabbits coincided with the breeding and kindling periods. Direct wet mount smears from bile aid in diagnosis of the disease. Impression smears from the liver nodules might represent the histological changes in the liver. The basem

In this study we determined the causes of mortality and disease in a total of 325 lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) in northern Spain between 2000 and 2018. Risk factors such as the species, age, sex, time of year and origin were also considered. Clinical signs, gross and histopathological findings and ancillary test results were the basis for the final diagnoses that were reviewed to classify and identify the different disorders. A total of 26 different conditions were identified. A single cause of death or illness was detected in 267 animals. They were grouped into parasitic conditions (n= 65; 24.34%) represented by encephalitozoonosis, hepatic coccidiosis, hepatoperitoneal cysticercosis, intestinal coccidiosis, parasitic gastritis and cutaneous ectoparasitosis; bacterial diseases (n = 56; 20.97%) including pseudotuberculosis, blue breast, skin abscesses, tularemia, pneumonic pasteurellosis and staphylococcal infections; nutritional and metabolic diseases (n = 48; 17.97%) with epizootic rabbit enteropathy, hepatic steatosis and pregnancy toxemia as prominent diseases; viral infections (n= 31; 11.61%) comprising rabbit hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis and miscellaneous causes (n = 31; 11.61%) where rabbit enteritis complex, renal conditions (nephrosis), heat stroke, and arterial bone metaplasia were included; neoplasms (n = 12; 4.49%) represented by uterine adenocarcinoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, cutaneous fibroma, intestinal lymphoma and hepatic cholangiocarcinoma; toxicoses (n = 11; 4.11%); trauma-related injuries (n = 9; 3.37%) and finally congenital diseases (n = 4; 1.49%). In 58 animals of the study, some of these conditions were presented jointly. We discuss the detection frequency, possible causes or associated factors of the different pathologies as well as the importance of the different variables considered.

The cuniculture is a growing industry in Mexico. Of the 13 species of coccidiosis affecting rabbits, Eimeria stiedae is the main causative agent of hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. This review addresses the importance of the environment and clinical pathological issues of hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. The available literature shows the need to approach the integrative study of the rabbit hepatic coccidiosis, and to move forward in the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis., La cunicultura es una industria creciente en México. De las 13 especies de coccidias que afectan a los conejos, la Eimeria stiedae es el principal agente causal de la coccidiosis hepática en el conejo. En la presente revisión se aborda la importancia del medio ambiente y aspectos clínico- patológicos de la coccidiosis hepática en conejos. Como resultado de la revisión de la literatura disponible se observa la necesidad de abordar el estudio de la coccidiosis hepática del conejo de manera integral, y avanzar en la comprensión de los mecanismos celulares y moleculares involucrados en su patogenia.

The cuniculture is a growing industry in Mexico. Of the 13 species of coccidiosis affecting rabbits, Eimeria stiedae is the main causative agent of hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. This review addresses the importance of the environment and clinical pathological issues of hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. The available literature shows the need to approach the integrative study of the rabbit hepatic coccidiosis, and to move forward in the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis., La cunicultura es una industria creciente en México. De las 13 especies de coccidias que afectan a los conejos, la Eimeria stiedae es el principal agente causal de la coccidiosis hepática en el conejo. En la presente revisión se aborda la importancia del medio ambiente y aspectos clínico- patológicos de la coccidiosis hepática en conejos. Como resultado de la revisión de la literatura disponible se observa la necesidad de abordar el estudio de la coccidiosis hepática del conejo de manera integral, y avanzar en la comprensión de los mecanismos celulares y moleculares involucrados en su patogenia.

The cuniculture is a growing industry in Mexico. Of the 13 species of coccidiosis affecting rabbits, Eimeria stiedae is the main causative agent of hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. This review addresses the importance of the environment and clinical pathological issues of hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. The available literature shows the need to approach the integrative study of the rabbit hepatic coccidiosis, and to move forward in the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis., La cunicultura es una industria creciente en México. De las 13 especies de coccidias que afectan a los conejos, la Eimeria stiedae es el principal agente causal de la coccidiosis hepática en el conejo. En la presente revisión se aborda la importancia del medio ambiente y aspectos clínico- patológicos de la coccidiosis hepática en conejos. Como resultado de la revisión de la literatura disponible se observa la necesidad de abordar el estudio de la coccidiosis hepática del conejo de manera integral, y avanzar en la comprensión de los mecanismos celulares y moleculares involucrados en su patogenia.

The cuniculture is a growing industry in Mexico. Of the 13 species of coccidiosis affecting rabbits, Eimeria stiedae is the main causative agent of hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. This review addresses the importance of the environment and clinical pathological issues of hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. The available literature shows the need to approach the integrative study of the rabbit hepatic coccidiosis, and to move forward in the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis., La cunicultura es una industria creciente en México. De las 13 especies de coccidias que afectan a los conejos, la Eimeria stiedae es el principal agente causal de la coccidiosis hepática en el conejo. En la presente revisión se aborda la importancia del medio ambiente y aspectos clínico- patológicos de la coccidiosis hepática en conejos. Como resultado de la revisión de la literatura disponible se observa la necesidad de abordar el estudio de la coccidiosis hepática del conejo de manera integral, y avanzar en la comprensión de los mecanismos celulares y moleculares involucrados en su patogenia.

In this study we determined the causes of mortality and disease in a total of 325 lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) in northern Spain between 2000 and 2018. Risk factors such as the species, age, sex,time of year and origin were also considered. Clinical signs, gross and histopathological findings and ancillary test results were the basis for the final diagnoses that were reviewed to classify and identify the di erent disorders. A total of 26 di erent conditions were identified. A single cause of death or illness was detected in 267 animals. They were grouped into parasitic conditions (n= 65; 24.34%) represented by encephalitozoonosis, hepatic coccidiosis, hepatoperitoneal cysticercosis, intestinal coccidiosis, parasitic gastritis and cutaneous ectoparasitosis; bacterial diseases (n = 56; 20.97%) including pseudotuberculosis, blue breast, skin abscesses, tularemia, pneumonic pasteurellosis and staphylococcal infections; nutritional and metabolic diseases (n = 48; 17.97%) with epizootic rabbit enteropathy, hepatic steatosis and pregnancy toxemia as prominent diseases; viral infections (n=31; 11.61%) comprising rabbit hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis and miscellaneous causes (n= 31; 11.61%) where rabbit enteritis complex, renal conditions (nephrosis), heat stroke, and arterial bone metaplasia were included; neoplasms (n = 12; 4.49%) represented by uterine adenocarcinoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, cutaneous fibroma, intestinal lymphoma and hepatic cholangiocarcinoma; toxicoses (n = 11; 4.11%); trauma-related injuries (n = 9; 3.37%) and finally congenital diseases (n = 4; 1.49%). In 58 animals of the study, some of these conditions were presented jointly. We discuss the detection frequency, possible causes or associated factors of the di erent pathologies as well as the importance of the diferent variables considered.

In this study we determined the causes of mortality and disease in a total of 325 lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) in northern Spain between 2000 and 2018. Risk factors such as the species, age, sex,time of year and origin were also considered. Clinical signs, gross and histopathological findings and ancillary test results were the basis for the final diagnoses that were reviewed to classify and identify the di erent disorders. A total of 26 di erent conditions were identified. A single cause of death or illness was detected in 267 animals. They were grouped into parasitic conditions (n= 65; 24.34%) represented by encephalitozoonosis, hepatic coccidiosis, hepatoperitoneal cysticercosis, intestinal coccidiosis, parasitic gastritis and cutaneous ectoparasitosis; bacterial diseases (n = 56; 20.97%) including pseudotuberculosis, blue breast, skin abscesses, tularemia, pneumonic pasteurellosis and staphylococcal infections; nutritional and metabolic diseases (n = 48; 17.97%) with epizootic rabbit enteropathy, hepatic steatosis and pregnancy toxemia as prominent diseases; viral infections (n=31; 11.61%) comprising rabbit hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis and miscellaneous causes (n= 31; 11.61%) where rabbit enteritis complex, renal conditions (nephrosis), heat stroke, and arterial bone metaplasia were included; neoplasms (n = 12; 4.49%) represented by uterine adenocarcinoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, cutaneous fibroma, intestinal lymphoma and hepatic cholangiocarcinoma; toxicoses (n = 11; 4.11%); trauma-related injuries (n = 9; 3.37%) and finally congenital diseases (n = 4; 1.49%). In 58 animals of the study, some of these conditions were presented jointly. We discuss the detection frequency, possible causes or associated factors of the di erent pathologies as well as the importance of the diferent variables considered.

This study involves work carried out at the abattoir in Masterton and in the laboratory of the Veterinary Faculty of Massey University, on aspects of rabbit meat hygiene and factors which may affect the quality of rabbit meat. The European rabbit (Oryctolaqus cuniculus), is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic rabbits, among which the New Zealand White is one of the best meat producers, the Angora the best fur producer and the Rex is a breed commonly used for exhibition purposes only. The feed conversion ratio, which for an efficient commercial unit should be less than 3.5:1 (Anon, 1987), combined with the ability of the rabbit to consume fibrous food unsuitable for human consumption and the high reproductive performance, contribute to the rabbit being an excellent meat producing animal. The production of rabbit meat, is still insufficient for the demands of the world markets and efforts should be made to increase rabbit meat production. Dislocation of the neck during slaughter of rabbits results in immobilization, but no evidence was obtained to show that this technique induced immediate insensibility. Penetrative and nonpenetrative percussive stunning, probably induced immediate insensibility but caused vigorous body movements. It was found in this study that pupillary dilatation in rabbits, generally does not occur until 8-10 minutes after slaughter, so pupillary dilatation is of no value as a criterion for the assessment of the actual time of onset of insensibility. Investigation of carcass yields of rabbits showed that slaughtering rabbits at ages greater than eight weeks, resulted in only marginal increases in carcass yields. Immersion of carcasses in water for periods longer than 30 minutes can result in a 10.70% increase in their weight, but the commercial technique investigated, resulted in approx. 7% increase. Washing carcasses did not reduce bacterial levels, but instead tended to increase carcass surface counts from 4.20 x 102/cm2 to 1.33 x 103/cm2. Th