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Xingran Shao, Yaqi Dong, Han Liu, Jiao Wei, Xiao Xiong Department of Dermatology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jiao Wei; Xiao Xiong, Department of Dermatology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442008, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15872706796 ; +86 13636169342, Email Dr_weijiao2023@163.com; xiongx2016@163.comAbstract: Eccrine poroma (EP) is a benign skin appendicular tumor that differentiates into the terminal sweat duct and is often differentiated from basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and seborrheic keratosis. This report describes a 58-year-old woman who presented with left occipital plaque. Histopathological analysis showed that the tumor cells were located in the lower part of the epidermis. The tumor cells were cuboidal or circular basal-like cells of the same size. The surrounding cells were not arranged in a palisade shape. Scattered tumor clusters composed of basal-like cells were also seen in the dermis, staining basophilic, and the surrounding cells were arranged in a palisade pattern. Immunohistochemistry showed that BerEP4, epithelial membrane antigen EMA, carcinoembryonic antigen CEA, Bcl-2, CD10, CK7 were positive, AR, PAS were negative. According to the pathological examination and immunohistochemical results, a case of eccrine poroma with concurrent basal cell carcinoma was diagnosed.Keywords: eccrine poroma, basal cell carcinoma, immunohistochemistry, carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA, epithelial membrane antigens, EMA, BerEP4

Superclusters are the largest massive structures in the cosmic web on tens to hundreds of megaparsecs (Mpc) scales. They are the largest assembly of galaxy clusters in the Universe. Apart from a few detailed studies of such structures, their evolutionary mechanism is still an open question. In order to address and answer the relevant questions, a statistically significant, large catalog of superclusters covering a wide range of redshifts and sky areas is essential. Here, we present a large catalog of 662 superclusters identified using a modified $\textit{ Friends of Friends}$ algorithm applied on the WHL (Wen-Han-Liu) cluster catalog within a redshift range of $0.05 \le z \le 0.42$. We name the most massive supercluster at $z \sim 0.25$ as $\textit{Einasto Supercluster}$. We find that the median mass of superclusters is $\sim 5.8 \times 10^{15}$ M$_{\odot}$ and median size $\sim 65$ Mpc. We find that the supercluster environment slightly affects the growth of clusters. We compare the properties of the observed superclusters with the mock superclusters extracted from the Horizon Run 4 cosmological simulation. The properties of superclusters in mocks and observations are in broad agreement. We find that the density contrast of a supercluster is correlated with its maximum extent with a power law index, $\alpha \sim -2$. The phase-space distribution of mock superclusters shows that, on average, $\sim 90\%$ part of a supercluster has a gravitational influence on its constituents. We also show mock halos' average number density and peculiar velocity profiles in and around the superclusters., Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures, and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Qin Qian,* Yu-Zhen Wang,* Lian-Di Kan,* Jie Chen, Chen Wang, Gang Han, Liu-Cheng Li, Wei-Jian Lou Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Liu-Cheng Li; Wei-Jian Lou, Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-571-8600-6803, Email 3415116@zju.edu.cn; 13588708537@163.comBackground: Pediatric hypertension become an early marker of cardiovascular diseases, but their antihypertensive drug use patterns are rarely known.Purpose: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric hypertension and the use of antihypertensive drugs in the real world in China.Methods: In this study, the demographic, diagnosis, and medication prescription data including the antihypertensive drug types and comorbidities, were analyzed. The antihypertensive drugs use were evaluated according to the Chinese guidelines for hypertension.Results: 1301 prescriptions (number of visits) containing 1880 antihypertensive medical orders were collected. The average number of antihypertensive drugs per prescription was 1.45 (± 0.75). The patients aged 16 to 18 (70.18%) accounted for the highest proportion. Kidney diseases (33.28%) were the most common comorbidities. Calcium channel blocker (CCB), angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), and β receptor blocker (BB) were the most used antihypertensive drugs. The most frequent monotherapy was CCB, while that of two and three drugs combination were ARB+CCB and ARB+BB+CCB, respectively. Metoprolol (11.44%), nifedipine (10.64%), amlodipine (10.59%), valsartan (6.12%) were the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs. The utilization rate of fixed compound preparations was 7.34%. However, the percentage of recommended antihypertensive drugs was just 14.20

We report the detection of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect in galaxy clusters with a 4.9 sigma significance using the latest 217 GHz Planck map from data release 4. For the detection, we stacked the Planck map at the positions of 30,431 galaxy clusters from the Wen-Han-Liu (WHL) catalog. To align the sign of the kSZ signals, the line-of-sight velocities of galaxy clusters were estimated with a machine-learning approach, in which the relation between the galaxy distribution around a cluster and its line-of-sight velocity was trained through a convolutional neural network. To train our network, we used the simulated galaxies and galaxy clusters in the Magneticum cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. The trained model was applied to the large-scale distribution of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies to derive the line-of-sight velocities of the WHL galaxy clusters. Assuming a standard beta-model for the intracluster medium, we obtained the gas mass fraction in R500 to be fgas,500 = 0.09 +- 0.02 within the galaxy clusters with the average mass of M500 ~ 1.0 x 10^14 Msun/h., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2007.02952

By stacking the latest 217~GHz Planck PR4 map at the positions of 30,431 galaxy clusters from the Wen-Han-Liu (WHL) catalog, we report the detection of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect in galaxy clusters with a 4.9 sigma significance level and beyond 3xR500. The line of sight velocities of galaxy clusters were estimated with a machine-learning approach, in which the relation between the galaxy distribution around a cluster and its line-of-sight velocity was trained through a convolutional neural network using the simulated galaxies and galaxy clusters in the Magneticum cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. The trained model was applied to the large-scale distribution of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies to derive the line-of-sight velocities of the WHL galaxy clusters. Assuming a standard beta-model for the intracluster medium, we found that the gas fraction within R500 is fgas,500 = 0.09+-0.02 for the clusters with the mass of M500~1.0x10^14 Msun., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to A&A. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2007.02952

We report the direct detection of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect in galaxy clusters with a 3.5 sigma significance level. The measurement was performed by stacking the Planck map at 217 GHz at the positions of galaxy clusters from the Wen-Han-Liu (WHL) catalog. To avoid the cancelation of positive and negative kSZ signals, we used the large-scale distribution of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxies to estimate the peculiar velocities of the galaxy clusters along the line of sight and incorporated the sign in the velocity-weighted stacking of the kSZ signals. Using this technique, we were able to measure the kSZ signal around galaxy clusters beyond 3R500. Assuming a standard beta-model, we also found that the gas fraction within R500 is fgas,500 = 0.12 +- 0.04 for the clusters with the mass of M500 ~ 1e14 Msun/h. We compared this result to predictions from the Magneticum cosmological hydrodynamic simulations as well as other kSZ and X-ray measurements, most of which show a lower gas fraction than the universal baryon fraction for the same mass of clusters. Our value is statistically consistent with results from the measurements and simulations and also with the universal value within our measurement uncertainty., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication by A&A

We report the direct detection of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect in galaxy clusters with a 3.5 sigma significance level. The measurement was performed by stacking the Planck map at 217 GHz at the positions of galaxy clusters from the Wen-Han-Liu (WHL) catalog. To avoid the cancelation of positive and negative kSZ signals, we used the large-scale distribution of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxies to estimate the peculiar velocities of the galaxy clusters along the line of sight and incorporated the sign in the velocity-weighted stacking of the kSZ signals. Using this technique, we were able to measure the kSZ signal around galaxy clusters beyond 3R500. Assuming a standard beta-model, we also found that the gas fraction within R500 is fgas,500 = 0.12 +- 0.04 for the clusters with the mass of M500 ~ 1e14 Msun/h. We compared this result to predictions from the Magneticum cosmological hydrodynamic simulations as well as other kSZ and X-ray measurements, most of which show a lower gas fraction than the universal baryon fraction for the same mass of clusters. Our value is statistically consistent with results from the measurements and simulations and also with the universal value within our measurement uncertainty., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication by A&A

Nonparametric estimation of multivariate functions is an important problem in statistical machine learning with many applications, ranging from nonparametric regression to nonparametric graphical models. Several authors have proposed to estimate multivariate functions under the smoothing spline analysis of variance (SSANOVA) framework, which assumes that the multivariate function can be decomposed into the summation of main effects, two-way interaction effects, and higher order interaction effects. However, existing methods are not scalable to the dimension of the random variables and the order of interactions. We propose a LAyer-wiSE leaRning strategy (LASER) to estimate multivariate functions under the SSANOVA framework. The main idea is to approximate the multivariate function sequentially starting from a model with only the main effects. Conditioned on the support of the estimated main effects, we estimate the two-way interaction effects only when the corresponding main effects are estimated to be non-zero. This process is continued until no more higher order interaction effects are identified. The proposed strategy provides a data-driven approach for estimating multivariate functions under the SSANOVA framework. Our proposal yields a sequence of estimators. To study the theoretical properties of the sequence of estimators, we establish the notion of post-selection persistency. Extensive numerical studies are performed to evaluate the performance of LASER. © 2019 Kean Ming Tan, Junwei Lu, Tong Zhang, and Han Liu.

Nonparametric estimation of multivariate functions is an important problem in statistical machine learning with many applications, ranging from nonparametric regression to nonparametric graphical models. Several authors have proposed to estimate multivariate functions under the smoothing spline analysis of variance (SSANOVA) framework, which assumes that the multivariate function can be decomposed into the summation of main effects, two-way interaction effects, and higher order interaction effects. However, existing methods are not scalable to the dimension of the random variables and the order of interactions. We propose a LAyer-wiSE leaRning strategy (LASER) to estimate multivariate functions under the SSANOVA framework. The main idea is to approximate the multivariate function sequentially starting from a model with only the main effects. Conditioned on the support of the estimated main effects, we estimate the two-way interaction effects only when the corresponding main effects are estimated to be non-zero. This process is continued until no more higher order interaction effects are identified. The proposed strategy provides a data-driven approach for estimating multivariate functions under the SSANOVA framework. Our proposal yields a sequence of estimators. To study the theoretical properties of the sequence of estimators, we establish the notion of post-selection persistency. Extensive numerical studies are performed to evaluate the performance of LASER. © 2019 Kean Ming Tan, Junwei Lu, Tong Zhang, and Han Liu.

Nonparametric estimation of multivariate functions is an important problem in statistical machine learning with many applications, ranging from nonparametric regression to nonparametric graphical models. Several authors have proposed to estimate multivariate functions under the smoothing spline analysis of variance (SSANOVA) framework, which assumes that the multivariate function can be decomposed into the summation of main effects, two-way interaction effects, and higher order interaction effects. However, existing methods are not scalable to the dimension of the random variables and the order of interactions. We propose a LAyer-wiSE leaRning strategy (LASER) to estimate multivariate functions under the SSANOVA framework. The main idea is to approximate the multivariate function sequentially starting from a model with only the main effects. Conditioned on the support of the estimated main effects, we estimate the two-way interaction effects only when the corresponding main effects are estimated to be non-zero. This process is continued until no more higher order interaction effects are identified. The proposed strategy provides a data-driven approach for estimating multivariate functions under the SSANOVA framework. Our proposal yields a sequence of estimators. To study the theoretical properties of the sequence of estimators, we establish the notion of post-selection persistency. Extensive numerical studies are performed to evaluate the performance of LASER. © 2019 Kean Ming Tan, Junwei Lu, Tong Zhang, and Han Liu.

Harbin, China, has a large population density and a large number of motor vehicles. To alleviate traffic congestion, based on the survey data of bike-sharing riders in the new and old urban areas of Harbin in May 2022, this paper uses an impact-asymmetric analysis and gradient enhancement decision tree to analyse the asymmetric relationship between bike-sharing travel environment elements and cyclists' satisfaction, and the optimisation strategy for the bike-sharing riding environment was obtained so that more residents can choose to ride. This research shows that the infrastructure of the motorway in the old urban area had the greatest impact on the overall satisfaction, while the travel quality of the shared bikes in the new urban area had the greatest impact on the overall satisfaction. In addition, due to the differences in urban environments and satisfaction, planning directions are different when satisfying cyclists in the new and old urban areas. The old urban area should emphasise cycling comfort and road coherence to provide a good travel environment; however, the new urban area should focus on the operation of shared bikes to meet the needs of cyclists. Therefore, future research should formulate refined improvement strategies for different regions.

This dissertation examines the central forms of exegetical authority in early to early medieval China, focusing on the reception history of the Zuo Tradition from Western Han to Western Jin (2nd c. BCE-3rd c. CE). Most modern scholarly works treat the Zuo Tradition as a historical narrative of great literary value about China's Spring and Autumn period (722-468 BCE). My research, however, studies the value and status of this text as an exegetical tradition from the perspective of classicists spanning five centuries. These early scholars on the Zuo Tradition measured its worth according to how well it preserved and explicated the visions of Confucius as lodged in the wording of Annals the Classic. Conceptions about the Zuo Tradition evolved through a series of debates and arguments in expository letters, memorials, and essays, as well as commentaries on the Annals and Zuo Tradition. During the Western Han (206 BCE-9 CE), the Shiji advanced the conception of the Zuo Tradition as a corrective to the divergent interpretations of the Annals. In late Western Han, Liu Xin (46 BCE-23 CE) vied to establish the Zuo Tradition on equal footing with officially sponsored exegetical traditions. But during early Eastern Han (25-220 CE), the Fan Sheng (fl. 28 CE) versus Chen Yuan (fl. 28 CE) debate showed that doubts remained about the authority of the text as an interpretation of Confucius' messages. Implicitly responding to such doubts, Ban Gu's (32-92) writings elaborated on previous accounts about the authorship, transmission, and official precedence of the Zuo Tradition. During the mid-Eastern Han, Jia Kui (30-101) represented the Zuo Tradition as a source of legitimization for the imperial house, while other scholars added to the myths about the Zuo Tradition. The Western Jin (265-317) scholar Du Yu (222-284) worked to further shore up the text's authority by both redefining conceptions about the Annals and privileging the Zuo Tradition as an exclusive system of interpretation

This dissertation examines the central forms of exegetical authority in early to early medieval China, focusing on the reception history of the Zuo Tradition from Western Han to Western Jin (2nd c. BCE-3rd c. CE). Most modern scholarly works treat the Zuo Tradition as a historical narrative of great literary value about China's Spring and Autumn period (722-468 BCE). My research, however, studies the value and status of this text as an exegetical tradition from the perspective of classicists spanning five centuries. These early scholars on the Zuo Tradition measured its worth according to how well it preserved and explicated the visions of Confucius as lodged in the wording of Annals the Classic. Conceptions about the Zuo Tradition evolved through a series of debates and arguments in expository letters, memorials, and essays, as well as commentaries on the Annals and Zuo Tradition. During the Western Han (206 BCE-9 CE), the Shiji advanced the conception of the Zuo Tradition as a corrective to the divergent interpretations of the Annals. In late Western Han, Liu Xin (46 BCE-23 CE) vied to establish the Zuo Tradition on equal footing with officially sponsored exegetical traditions. But during early Eastern Han (25-220 CE), the Fan Sheng (fl. 28 CE) versus Chen Yuan (fl. 28 CE) debate showed that doubts remained about the authority of the text as an interpretation of Confucius' messages. Implicitly responding to such doubts, Ban Gu's (32-92) writings elaborated on previous accounts about the authorship, transmission, and official precedence of the Zuo Tradition. During the mid-Eastern Han, Jia Kui (30-101) represented the Zuo Tradition as a source of legitimization for the imperial house, while other scholars added to the myths about the Zuo Tradition. The Western Jin (265-317) scholar Du Yu (222-284) worked to further shore up the text's authority by both redefining conceptions about the Annals and privileging the Zuo Tradition as an exclusive system of interpretation

We calculate the correlation function of 13,904 galaxy clusters of z \leq 0.4 selected from the cluster catalog of Wen, Han & Liu. The correlation function can be fitted with a power-law model \xi(r)=(r/R_0)^{\gamma} on the scales of 10h^(-1)Mpc \leq r \leq 50h^(-1)Mpc, with a larger correlation length of R_0=18.84\pm0.27 h^(-1)Mpc for clusters with a richness of R \geq 15 and a smaller length of R_0=16.15 \pm 0.13 h^(-1)Mpc for clusters with a richness of R \geq 5. The power law index of \gamma=2.1 is found to be almost the same for all cluster subsamples. A pronounced baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) peak is detected at r ~ 110 h^(-1)Mpc with a significance of ~ 1.9\sigma. By analyzing the correlation function in the range of 20 h^(-1)Mpc \leq r \leq 200 h^(-1)Mpc, we find the constraints on distance parameters are D_v(0.276)=1077\pm55(1\sigma) Mpc and h=0.73 \pm 0.039 (1\sigma), which are consistent with the WMAP 7-year cosmology. However, the BAO signal from the cluster sample is stronger than expected and leads to a rather low matter density \Omega_m h^2=0.093\pm0.0077 (1\sigma), which deviates from the WMAP 7-year result by more than 3 \sigma. The correlation function of the GMBCG cluster sample is also calculated and our detection of the BAO feature is confirmed., Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

We calculate the correlation function of 13,904 galaxy clusters of z \leq 0.4 selected from the cluster catalog of Wen, Han & Liu. The correlation function can be fitted with a power-law model \xi(r)=(r/R_0)^{\gamma} on the scales of 10h^(-1)Mpc \leq r \leq 50h^(-1)Mpc, with a larger correlation length of R_0=18.84\pm0.27 h^(-1)Mpc for clusters with a richness of R \geq 15 and a smaller length of R_0=16.15 \pm 0.13 h^(-1)Mpc for clusters with a richness of R \geq 5. The power law index of \gamma=2.1 is found to be almost the same for all cluster subsamples. A pronounced baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) peak is detected at r ~ 110 h^(-1)Mpc with a significance of ~ 1.9\sigma. By analyzing the correlation function in the range of 20 h^(-1)Mpc \leq r \leq 200 h^(-1)Mpc, we find the constraints on distance parameters are D_v(0.276)=1077\pm55(1\sigma) Mpc and h=0.73 \pm 0.039 (1\sigma), which are consistent with the WMAP 7-year cosmology. However, the BAO signal from the cluster sample is stronger than expected and leads to a rather low matter density \Omega_m h^2=0.093\pm0.0077 (1\sigma), which deviates from the WMAP 7-year result by more than 3 \sigma. The correlation function of the GMBCG cluster sample is also calculated and our detection of the BAO feature is confirmed., Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

The extent of application of meshfree methods based on point collocation (PC) techniques with adaptive support domain for strong form Partial Differential Equations (PDE) is investigated. The basis functions are constructed using the Moving Least Square (MLS) approximation. The weak-form description of PDEs is used in most MLS methods to circumvent problems related to the increased level of resolution necessary near natural (Neumann) boundary conditions (BCs), dislocations, or regions of steep gradients. Alternatively, one can adopt Radial Basis Function (RBF) approximation on the strong-form of PDEs using meshless PC methods, due to the delta function behavior (exact solution on nodes). The present approach is one of the few successful attempts of using MLS approximation [Atluri, Liu, and Han (2006), Han, Liu, Rajendran and Atluri (2006), Atluri and Liu (2006)] instead of RBF approximation for the meshless PC method using strong-form description. To increase the accuracy of the MLS interpolation method and its robustness in problems with natural BCs, a suitable support domain should be chosen in order to ensure an optimized area of coverage for interpolation. To this end, the basis functions are constructed using two different approaches, pertinent to the dimension of the support domain. On one hand, a compact form for the support domain is retained by keeping its radius constant. On the other hand, one can control the number of neighboring nodes as the support domain of each point. The results show that some inaccuracies are present near the boundaries using the first approach, due to the limited number of nodes belonging to the support domain, which results in failed matrix inversion. Instead, the second approach offers capability for fully matrix inversion under many (if not all) circumstances, resulting in basis functions of increased accuracy and robustness. This PC method, applied along with an intelligent adaptive refinement, is demonstrated for elliptic and

The extent of application of meshfree methods based on point collocation (PC) techniques with adaptive support domain for strong form Partial Differential Equations (PDE) is investigated. The basis functions are constructed using the Moving Least Square (MLS) approximation. The weak-form description of PDEs is used in most MLS methods to circumvent problems related to the increased level of resolution necessary near natural (Neumann) boundary conditions (BCs), dislocations, or regions of steep gradients. Alternatively, one can adopt Radial Basis Function (RBF) approximation on the strong-form of PDEs using meshless PC methods, due to the delta function behavior (exact solution on nodes). The present approach is one of the few successful attempts of using MLS approximation [Atluri, Liu, and Han (2006), Han, Liu, Rajendran and Atluri (2006), Atluri and Liu (2006)] instead of RBF approximation for the meshless PC method using strong-form description. To increase the accuracy of the MLS interpolation method and its robustness in problems with natural BCs, a suitable support domain should be chosen in order to ensure an optimized area of coverage for interpolation. To this end, the basis functions are constructed using two different approaches, pertinent to the dimension of the support domain. On one hand, a compact form for the support domain is retained by keeping its radius constant. On the other hand, one can control the number of neighboring nodes as the support domain of each point. The results show that some inaccuracies are present near the boundaries using the first approach, due to the limited number of nodes belonging to the support domain, which results in failed matrix inversion. Instead, the second approach offers capability for fully matrix inversion under many (if not all) circumstances, resulting in basis functions of increased accuracy and robustness. This PC method, applied along with an intelligent adaptive refinement, is demonstrated for elliptic and

Xuejing Li,1– 3,* Meiqi Meng,1– 3,* Junqiang Zhao,4,5 Xiaoyan Zhang,1– 3 Dan Yang,1– 3 Jiaxin Fang,1– 3 Junxin Wang,1– 3 Liu Han,6 Yufang Hao1– 3 1School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Collaborating Center of Joanna Briggs Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Best Practice Spotlight Organization, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 5Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 6Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yufang Hao Liangxiang High Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13552850210Email bucmnursing@163.comAbstract: For most breast cancer (BC) patients who have undergone a mastectomy, the decision whether to proceed with breast reconstruction (BR) is complicated and requires deliberation. Shared decision-making (SDM) helps to address those needs and promote informed value-based decisions. However, little is known about the SDM status for BR in BC patients. This scoping review describes: 1) basic characteristics of studies on BR SDM in BC patients; 2) factors influencing BR SDM in BC patients; 3) experience and perception of BR SDM in BC patients; and 4) outcome measures reported. This review was performed in accordance with the Arksey and O’Malley methodology. A total of 5 English and 4 Chinese databases were searched, as well as different sources from grey literature. The data extraction form was developed by referring to the objectives and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF). Data was analyzed using thematic analysis, framework analysis and descriptive statistics, with f

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, while cancer represents one of the primary pathological factors that severely threaten human lifespan and healthspan. In clinical oncology, drug resistance limits the efficacy of most anticancer treatments, and identification of major mechanisms remains a key to solve this challenging issue. Here, we highlight the multifaceted senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which comprises numerous soluble factors including amphiregulin (AREG). Production of AREG is triggered by DNA damage to stromal cells, which passively enter senescence in the tumor microenvironment (TME), a process that remarkably enhances cancer malignancy including acquired resistance mediated by EGFR. Furthermore, paracrine AREG induces programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) expression in recipient cancer cells and creates an immunosuppressive TME via immune checkpoint activation against cytotoxic lymphocytes. Targeting AREG not only minimized chemoresistance of cancer cells, but also restored immunocompetency when combined with classical chemotherapy in humanized animals. Our study underscores the potential of in vivo SASP in driving the TME-mediated drug resistance and shaping an immunosuppressive niche, and provides the proof of principle of targeting major SASP factors to improve therapeutic outcome in cancer medicine, the success of which can substantially reduce aging-related morbidity and mortality.

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, while cancer represents one of the primary pathological factors that severely threaten human lifespan and healthspan. In clinical oncology, drug resistance limits the efficacy of most anticancer treatments, and identification of major mechanisms remains a key to solve this challenging issue. Here, we highlight the multifaceted senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which comprises numerous soluble factors including amphiregulin (AREG). Production of AREG is triggered by DNA damage to stromal cells, which passively enter senescence in the tumor microenvironment (TME), a process that remarkably enhances cancer malignancy including acquired resistance mediated by EGFR. Furthermore, paracrine AREG induces programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) expression in recipient cancer cells and creates an immunosuppressive TME via immune checkpoint activation against cytotoxic lymphocytes. Targeting AREG not only minimized chemoresistance of cancer cells, but also restored immunocompetency when combined with classical chemotherapy in humanized animals. Our study underscores the potential of in vivo SASP in driving the TME-mediated drug resistance and shaping an immunosuppressive niche, and provides the proof of principle of targeting major SASP factors to improve therapeutic outcome in cancer medicine, the success of which can substantially reduce aging-related morbidity and mortality.

When high-speed trains were passing through a tunnel, pressure wave will change seriously and cause large aerodynamic loads, which may bring problems to the comfort of passengers and the aerodynamic fatigue failure of train bodies, components and fixed equipment in the tunnel. Therefore, this paper systematically studied aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train under three kinds of situation including open air, entering a tunnel and completely in a tunnel, experimentally verified the correctness of numerically computational model. In the open air, vortexes of the high-speed train were mainly distributed in the bogie and compartment connections. Sound pressure level curves had many peak and valley points and the maximum sound pressure level was 72 dB. Sound pressure levels gradually decreased with the increase of analyzed frequency. In addition, sound energy was mainly distributed below 2000 Hz. Aerodynamic noises presented an obvious directivity and attenuation distribution. In the entering the tunnel, peak and valley values of pressures at train head and tail appeared at different time. The maximum pressures at the observation points of train head and tail were 345 Pa and –450 Pa respectively, while the minimum negative pressures at the observation points of train head and tail were –2900 Pa and –3260 Pa respectively. Computational pressures of observation points were basically consistent with the experimental test, and the relative error was only within 2 %, which indicated that the adopted numerical simulation can better simulate aerodynamic characteristics of the high-speed train. The change of the length of the tunnel had no an obvious effect on the aerodynamic lift of the high-speed train. When the length of the tunnel was less than 800 m, the negative peak of the aerodynamic lift increased continuously with the extension of the tunnel, but the increased rate was gradually reduced. When the length of the tunnel was more than 800 m, the negative peak o

Power amplifier is the key component of the magnetic bearing systems, and its precision characteristics have decisive influence on the overall performance. We analyze the factors in the formation of precision characteristics of typical digital switching power amplifier under two-level modulation, and reveal that the inherent ripple characteristic and precision of current detection are the main limits. The relationships between inherent ripple characteristic and its main influencing factors, such as bus voltage, modulation frequency and constants of electromagnetic coil have been derived in this paper. By suppressing the analog noises and drifts in current detection circuit, and calibrating the analog to digital converter, the precision performances of the current detection circuit had been improved efficiently to avoid becoming the dominant factor of the formation of the precision characteristics, which make that the precision of output current is nearly determined by the inherent ripple characteristic. The experimental results show that the output current ripple is very close to the inherent ripple characteristic if the precision of current detection circuit is high enough. Furthermore, the approaches discussed can describe the formation of precision characteristics by theoretical calculation of inherent ripple characteristic under the conditions of different implementations.

We propose two approaches to solve large-scale compressed sensing problems. The first approach uses the parametric simplex method to recover very sparse signals by taking a small number of simplex pivots, while the second approach reformulates the problem using Kronecker products to achieve faster computation via a sparser problem formulation. In particular, we focus on the computational aspects of these methods in compressed sensing. For the first approach, if the true signal is very sparse and we initialize our solution to be the zero vector, then a customized parametric simplex method usually takes a small number of iterations to converge. Our numerical studies show that this approach is 10 times faster than state-of-the-art methods for recovering very sparse signals. The second approach can be used when the sensing matrix is the Kronecker product of two smaller matrices. We show that the best-known sufficient condition for the Kronecker compressed sensing (KCS) strategy to obtain a perfect recovery is more restrictive than the corresponding condition if using the first approach. However, KCS can be formulated as a linear program with a very sparse constraint matrix, whereas the first approach involves a completely dense constraint matrix. Hence, algorithms that benefit from sparse problem representation, such as interior point methods (IPMs), are expected to have computational advantages for the KCS problem. We numerically demonstrate that KCS combined with IPMs is up to 10 times faster than vanilla IPMs and state-of-the-art methods such as ℓ[subscript 1]_ℓ[subscript s] and Mirror Prox regardless of the sparsity level or problem size., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant DMS-1005539)

The Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is an economically important tropical tree species that produces natural rubber, an essential industrial raw material. Here we present a high-quality genome assembly of this species (1.37 Gb, scaffold N50 = 1.28 Mb) that covers 93.8% of the genome (1.47 Gb) and harbours 43,792 predicted protein-coding genes. A striking expansion of the REF/SRPP (rubber elongation factor/small rubber particle protein) gene family and its divergence into several laticifer-specific isoforms seem crucial for rubber biosynthesis. The REF/SRPP family has isoforms with sizes similar to or larger than SRPP1 (204 amino acids) in 17 other plants examined, but no isoforms with similar sizes to REF1 (138 amino acids), the predominant molecular variant. A pivotal point in Hevea evolution was the emergence of REF1, which is located on the surface of large rubber particles that account for 93% of rubber in the latex (despite constituting only 6% of total rubber particles, large and small). The stringent control of ethylene synthesis under active ethylene signalling and response in laticifers resolves a longstanding mystery of ethylene stimulation in rubber production. Our study, which includes the re-sequencing of five other Hevea cultivars and extensive RNA-seq data, provides a valuable resource for functional genomics and tools for breeding elite Hevea cultivars. The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis, hereafter referred to as Hevea) is a member of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), along with several other economically important species such as cassava (Manihot esculenta) and the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis). Natural rubber (cis-1, 4-polyisoprene) makes up about one-third of the volume of latex that is essentially cytoplasm of the articulated laticifers in Hevea. The latex is extracted by tapping the bark, a non-destructive method of harvesting that facilitates continual production. As an industrial commodity, natural rubber is an elastomer with phy

The Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is an economically important tropical tree species that produces natural rubber, an essential industrial raw material. Here we present a high-quality genome assembly of this species (1.37 Gb, scaffold N50 = 1.28 Mb) that covers 93.8% of the genome (1.47 Gb) and harbours 43,792 predicted protein-coding genes. A striking expansion of the REF/SRPP (rubber elongation factor/small rubber particle protein) gene family and its divergence into several laticifer-specific isoforms seem crucial for rubber biosynthesis. The REF/SRPP family has isoforms with sizes similar to or larger than SRPP1 (204 amino acids) in 17 other plants examined, but no isoforms with similar sizes to REF1 (138 amino acids), the predominant molecular variant. A pivotal point in Hevea evolution was the emergence of REF1, which is located on the surface of large rubber particles that account for 93% of rubber in the latex (despite constituting only 6% of total rubber particles, large and small). The stringent control of ethylene synthesis under active ethylene signalling and response in laticifers resolves a longstanding mystery of ethylene stimulation in rubber production. Our study, which includes the re-sequencing of five other Hevea cultivars and extensive RNA-seq data, provides a valuable resource for functional genomics and tools for breeding elite Hevea cultivars. The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis, hereafter referred to as Hevea) is a member of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), along with several other economically important species such as cassava (Manihot esculenta) and the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis). Natural rubber (cis-1, 4-polyisoprene) makes up about one-third of the volume of latex that is essentially cytoplasm of the articulated laticifers in Hevea. The latex is extracted by tapping the bark, a non-destructive method of harvesting that facilitates continual production. As an industrial commodity, natural rubber is an elastomer with phy