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Capital Letters uses visual communication design to forge relationships between the city and its past. It draws on the theory of geosemiotics (Scollon & Scollon, 2003) to position typographic remnants found in urban spaces, in time and place. In order to fully understand the semiotic meaning of typographic remnants, their historical context must be uncovered. As indexical signs, their semiotic meaning shifts as their surroundings change. This project examines the role that signage plays in the authentication of local places and highlights their importance as a form of visual cultural history. The city is explored, specific areas are traversed and the typographic discoveries documented. Semiotic archaeology extracts both the individual and the collective memory of the remnants, revealing their narratives and historical context, allowing previously indiscernible connections to be made. Focussing on these connections – the clustering of remnants and their shared indexicality – changes in the urban fabric of the city are revealed, traces of a continuously reshaped environment become apparent. The remnants act as indices to previous times. They inform of topographical changes in the urban fabric of the city and shifts in urban functional zones. Capital Letters uncovers a map of historical change and provides a new way in which to discover the city: through typographical remnants.

Flag pole dedication by the Native Sons of the Golden West, Sebastopol Chapter., GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, in-revision, Sonoma County Advertising Grant (2009-2010), Grant provided to the Sonoma County Library through the Sonoma County Advertising Program, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, High resolution master image (600ppi), Grayscale

Flag pole dedication by the Native Sons of the Golden West, Sebastopol Chapter., GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, in-revision, Sonoma County Advertising Grant (2009-2010), Grant provided to the Sonoma County Library through the Sonoma County Advertising Program, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, High resolution master image (600ppi), Grayscale

Flag pole dedication by the Native Sons of the Golden West, Sebastopol Chapter., GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, in-revision, Sonoma County Advertising Grant (2009-2010), Grant provided to the Sonoma County Library through the Sonoma County Advertising Program, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, High resolution master image (600ppi), Grayscale

GNIS, Exact geocoding, 17, in-revision, Sonoma County Advertising Grant (2009-2010), Grant provided to the Sonoma County Library through the Sonoma County Advertising Program, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, High resolution master image (600ppi), Grayscale

Flag pole dedication by the Native Sons of the Golden West, Sebastopol Chapter., GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, in-revision, Sonoma County Advertising Grant (2009-2010), Grant provided to the Sonoma County Library through the Sonoma County Advertising Program, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, High resolution master image (600ppi), Grayscale

Flag pole dedication by the Native Sons of the Golden West, Sebastopol Chapter., GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, in-revision, Sonoma County Advertising Grant (2009-2010), Grant provided to the Sonoma County Library through the Sonoma County Advertising Program, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, High resolution master image (600ppi), Grayscale

Flag pole dedication by the Native Sons of the Golden West, Sebastopol Chapter., GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, in-revision, Sonoma County Advertising Grant (2009-2010), Grant provided to the Sonoma County Library through the Sonoma County Advertising Program, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, High resolution master image (600ppi), Grayscale

This color photograph features a historical marker installed by the Harvey County Historical Society for the Sedgwick Historical Museum.

This color photograph features a historical marker installed by the Harvey County Historical Society for the Old Hardware Store.

This color photograph features a historical marker installed by the Harvey County Historical Society for the City of Hesston.

This color photograph features the Old Hardware Store. The front entrance and windows are in the foreground.

This color photograph features a historical marker installed by the Harvey County Historical Society for the Sedgwick Historical Museum.

This color photograph features a historical marker installed by the Harvey County Historical Society for the City of Hesston.

This color photograph features the Old Hardware Store. The front entrance and windows are in the foreground.

This color photograph features a historical marker installed by the Harvey County Historical Society for the Old Hardware Store.

This color photograph features a historical marker installed by the Harvey County Historical Society for the Old Hardware Store.

This color photograph features a historical marker installed by the Harvey County Historical Society for the Sedgwick Historical Museum.

This color photograph features the Old Hardware Store. The front entrance and windows are in the foreground.

This color photograph features a historical marker installed by the Harvey County Historical Society for the City of Hesston.

Landmark number 833., GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, Title supplied by cataloger., in-revision, Sonoma County Advertising Grant (2007-2008), Grant provided to the Sonoma County Library through the Sonoma County Advertising Program, Petaluma History Room, 100 Fairgrounds Drive, Petaluma, CA 94952 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/petaluma-history-room, High resolution master image (600ppi), RGB

Landmark number 833., GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, Title supplied by cataloger., in-revision, Sonoma County Advertising Grant (2007-2008), Grant provided to the Sonoma County Library through the Sonoma County Advertising Program, Petaluma History Room, 100 Fairgrounds Drive, Petaluma, CA 94952 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/petaluma-history-room, High resolution master image (600ppi), RGB

They are wearing E Clampus Vitus uniforms., GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, Title supplied by cataloger., in-revision, Sonoma County Advertising Grant (2007-2008), Grant provided to the Sonoma County Library through the Sonoma County Advertising Program, Petaluma History Room, 100 Fairgrounds Drive, Petaluma, CA 94952 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/petaluma-history-room, High resolution master image (600ppi), Grayscale, Shows: Ed Mannion--Ed Fratini.

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 55. Correspondence, 1931-1970 (33 items), chiefly of William Montgomery Temple, originally of Bowling Green, Kentucky, an autograph collector; his collection of papers of Kentucky governors, 1805-1951 (50); other autograph letters, 1715-1941 (17); and articles about Bowling Green, etc., (23).

This color photograph features the Harvey County Historical Society plaque on west elevation of the Sunflower Patch building on Hesston's Main Street in 2007.

This color photograph features the Harvey County Historical Society plaque on west elevation of the Sunflower Patch building on Hesston's Main Street in 2007.

This color photograph features the Harvey County Historical Society plaque on west elevation of the Sunflower Patch building on Hesston's Main Street in 2007.

Text in image: This statue has been erected in loving memory of Edmund Burke Ball, 1855-1925, by his wife and children., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Text in image: This statue has been erected in loving memory of Edmund Burke Ball, 1855-1925, by his wife and children., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

W.S. Borba, Sebastopol, California, The Native Sons of the Golden West's journal, the Grizzley Bear, reported in the May 1926 issue that a tour of the Valley of the Moon that month would include "a stop ... at the ranch which was the home of General "Fighting" Joe Hooker. Here the landmarks committee of the Grand Parlor, Joseph R. Knowland chairman, will erect a peramanent marker" (The Grizzly Bear, May 1926, page 80). Hooker's ranch was located three miles north of the City of Sonoma. The monument The NSGW journal, the Grizzly Bear, reported that "[t]he Sonoma County Past Presidents Assembly No. 9 met at Sonoma City June 19 and arranged to do some necessary work at the historic Hooker marker"(The Grizzly Bear, July 1933, page 13). Monument located three miles from Sonoma on Highway 12, dedicated to Major General Joseph Hooker. The bronze plate was stolen during World War II for scrap., s, GNIS, Exact geocoding, 17, Title supplied by cataloger., Photograph taken by NSGW member W. S. Borba, July, 1933., Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 (https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library), High resolution master image (600 ppi), RGB, Unidentified women assocated with the Native Sons of the Golden West stand near the Hooker Mounument in honor of Major General Joseph "Fighting Jo" Hooker of the Union Army following a NSGW work party.

Installed by the Sebastopol parlor of the Native Sons of the Golden West., GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, in-revision, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, Low resolution master image (72ppi), RGB

W.S. Borba, Sebastopol, California, The Native Sons of the Golden West's journal, the Grizzley Bear, reported in the May 1926 issue that a tour of the Valley of the Moon that month would include "a stop ... at the ranch which was the home of General "Fighting" Joe Hooker. Here the landmarks committee of the Grand Parlor, Joseph R. Knowland chairman, will erect a peramanent marker" (The Grizzly Bear, May 1926, page 80). Hooker's ranch was located three miles north of the City of Sonoma. The monument The NSGW journal, the Grizzly Bear, reported that "[t]he Sonoma County Past Presidents Assembly No. 9 met at Sonoma City June 19 and arranged to do some necessary work at the historic Hooker marker"(The Grizzly Bear, July 1933, page 13). Monument located three miles from Sonoma on Highway 12, dedicated to Major General Joseph Hooker. The bronze plate was stolen during World War II for scrap., s, GNIS, Exact geocoding, 17, Title supplied by cataloger., Photograph taken by NSGW member W. S. Borba, July, 1933., Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, High resolution master image (600 ppi), RGB, Unidentified Native Sons of the Golden West members work on the Joseph Hooker monument.

GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, in-revision, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, Low resolution master image (72ppi), RGB

Flag pole dedication by the Native Sons of the Golden West, Sebastopol Chapter., GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, in-revision, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, Low resolution master image (72ppi), RGB

GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, Photograph taken April 1934, in-revision, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, Low resolution master image (72ppi), RGB

GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, in-revision, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, Low resolution master image (72ppi), RGB, Men preparing the flag pole.

Pole fell in 1893 and was raised by the Sebastopol Chapter of Native Sons of the Golden West for the erection of the sign. The flag pole was destroyed by a storm in 1947, GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, in-revision, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, Low resolution master image (72ppi), RGB

GNIS, Approximate geocoding, 13, in-revision, Sonoma County History & Genealogy Library, 211 E Street, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 https://sonomalibrary.org/locations/sonoma-county-history-and-genealogy-library, Low resolution master image (72ppi), RGB

A view of the interior of the 1860 Courthouse at the Manatee Village Historical Park at 604 15th St. E. in Bradenton. The original wooden 1860 Manatee County Courthouse building was in use as both a court and school until 1866 when the county seat was moved to Pine Level. It was then used as a parsonage for the Manatee United Methodist Church and later as rental housing. In 1975, it was moved to Manatee Village where it was converted back to its original design and restored.

An interview with Kevin Bucholz, Peg Njos, Dean Pearson for the KPOK Bowman RadioThon for the Pioneer Trails Regional Museum. Peg, Kevin, and Dean discuss the history of Fort Dilts, the community’s involvement in preserving the site, and interpretation at the Fort. Dean Pearson describes archeological surveys of the Fort. Peg describes a flour sack with a map of the Fisk Expedition made by someone on the expedition., Audio cassettes, “Fort Dilts-History of how it came to be. Dedicated Sept. 8, 1932 over 1,200 people attended. Kevin Bucholz, Dean Pearson, Peg Njos, Clara Bliss”—Handwritten on tape 40A.

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Robert Willis poses with the Village of Cortez Marker. Born in 1909 in the Village of Cortez, Willis was a lifelong area resident. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II and was a judge in the 12th Judicial Circuit. This image was donated by Mary Jo Willis.

A view of the steps and entrance to the 1860 Courthouse at the Manatee Village Historical Park, 604 15th St. E. in Bradenton. The original wooden 1860 Manatee County Courthouse building was in use as both a court and school until 1866 when the county seat was moved to Pine Level. It was then used as a parsonage for the Manatee United Methodist Church and later as rental housing. In 1975, it was moved to Manatee Village where it was converted back to its original design and restored.

Historical marker at Benjaminville, (Bentown) IL, giving history of the town, placed on June 1985 by V.L. Fairfield