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Contexte : L'infection à Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) est l’infection sexuellement transmissible à déclaration obligatoire la plus fréquente de Suisse. Elle a une prévalence estimée à environ 3- 10% dans le canton de Vaud et les informations venant des laboratoires ont montré que le nombre de résultats positifs d'infections à cette bactérie a quadruplé en Suisse depuis l'année 2000. Selon les données issues de la littérature, l'infection est prédominante chez les femmes âgées de 15 à 24 ans alors que les hommes sont légèrement plus âgés au moment de leur diagnostic. Cette infection peut entrainer en l'absence de traitement des séquelles au niveau des trompes utérines engendrant un risque accru de grossesses extra-utérines, d'infertilité et de douleurs abdominales chroniques. Son caractère souvent asymptomatique (50-75%) rend sa détection difficile et accroit le risque de ne pas être traitée et par conséquent de développer des complications. En Suisse, il n'y a pas de politique de dépistage systématique de cette infection contrairement à par exemple l'Angleterre, où un dépistage organisé est proposé annuellement aux femmes entre 16 et 25 ans. De plus, les jeunes adultes semblent manquer d'informations au sujet de CT, ses modes de transmission et le risque de complications à long terme. Notre hypothèse est que cette recherche confirmera le manque de connaissances ainsi que le besoin d'information et prévention en matière d'infection à CT. Objectifs : Ce travail vise à: - Evaluer l'état de connaissance des jeunes adultes entre 18 et 25 ans sur l'infection à Chlamydia trachomatis - Identifier les moyens d'information souhaités afin de proposer des outils d'information et de prévention des infections à CT Méthodes : Collecte et analyse qualitative de données sur les connaissances sur CT et les besoins des participants quant aux futurs moyens de prévention. Les personnes satisfaisant aux critères d'inclusion pourront répondre à un questionnaire en ligne anonyme, mis à dispo

BACKGROUND Patients who experience severe brain injuries are at risk of secondary brain damage, because of delayed vasospasm and edema. Traditionally, many of these patients are kept on prolonged bed rest in order to maintain adequate cerebral blood flow, especially in the case of subarachnoid hemorrhage. On the other hand, prolonged bed rest carries important morbidity. There may be a clinical benefit in early mobilization and our hypothesis is that early gradual mobilization is safe in these patients. The aim of this study was to observe and quantify the changes in sympathetic activity, mainly related to stress, and blood pressure in gradual postural changes by the verticalization robot (Erigo®) and after training by a lower body ergometer (MOTOmed-letto®), after prolonged bed rest of minimum 7 days. METHODS Thirty patients with severe neurological injuries were randomized into 3 groups with different protocols of mobilization: Standard, MOTOmed-letto® or Erigo® protocol. We measured plasma catecholamines, metanephrines and blood pressure before, during and after mobilization. RESULTS Blood pressure does not show any significant difference between the 3 groups. The analysis of the catecholamines suggests a significant increase in catecholamine production during Standard mobilization with physiotherapists and with MOTOmed-letto® and no changes with Erigo®. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary prospective randomized study shows that the mobilization of patients with severe brain injuries by means of Erigo® does not increase the production of catecholamines. It means that Erigo® is a well-tolerated method of mobilization and can be considered a safe system of early mobilization of these patients. Further studies are required to validate our conclusions. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in the ISRCTN registry with the trial registration number ISRCTN56402432 . Date of registration: 08.03.2016. Retrospectively registered.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma (PC) is based on a combination of clinical suspicion, finding an adrenal mass, increased plasma, and urine concentrations of catecholamine metabolites and is finally confirmed with histopathology. In human medicine, it is controversial whether biochemically testing plasma is superior to testing urine. OBJECTIVES: To measure urinary and plasma catecholamines and metanephrines in healthy dogs, dogs with PC, hypercortisolism (HC), and nonadrenal diseases (NAD) and to determine the test with the best diagnostic performance for dogs with PC. ANIMALS Seven PC dogs, 10 dogs with HC, 14 dogs with NAD, 10 healthy dogs. METHODS Prospective diagnostic clinical study. Urine and heparin plasma samples were collected and stored at -80°C before analysis using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrochemical detection or tandem mass spectrometry were performed. Urinary variables were expressed as ratios to urinary creatinine concentration. RESULTS: Dogs with PC had significantly higher urinary normetanephrine and metanephrine : creatinine ratios and significantly higher plasma-total and free normetanephrine and plasma-free metanephrine concentrations compared to the 3 other groups. There were no overlapping results of urinary normetanephrine concentrations between PC and all other groups, and only one PC dog with a plasma normetanephrine concentration in the range of the dogs with HC and NAD disease. Performances of total and free plasma variables were similar. Overlap of epinephrine and norepinephrine results between the groups was large with both urine and plasma. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Measurement of normetanephrine is the preferred biochemical test for PC and urine was superior to plasma.

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent inhibitor of neurotransmitter release through the Y2 receptor subtype. Specific antagonists for the Y2 receptors have not yet been described. Based on the concept of template-assembled synthetic proteins we have used a cyclic template molecule containing two beta-turn mimetics for covalent attachment of four COOH-terminal fragments RQRYNH2 (NPY 33-36), termed T4-[NPY(33-36)]4. This structurally defined template-assembled synthetic protein has been tested for binding using SK-N-MC and LN319 cell lines that express the Y1 and Y2 receptor, respectively. T4-[NPY(33-36)]4 binds to the Y2 receptor with high affinity (IC50 = 67.2 nM) and has poor binding to the Y1 receptor. This peptidomimetic tested on LN319 cells at concentrations up to 10 microM shows no inhibitory effect on forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels (IC50 for NPY = 2.5 nM). Furthermore, we used confocal microscopy to examine the NPY-induced increase in intracellular calcium in single LN319 cells. Preincubation of the cells with T4-[NPY(33-36)]4 shifted to the right the dose-response curves for intracellular mobilization of calcium induced by NPY at concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 10 microM. Finally, we assessed the competitive antagonistic properties of T4-[NPY(33-36)]4 at presynaptic peptidergic Y2 receptors modulating noradrenaline release. the compound T4-[NPY(33-36)]4 caused a marked shift to the right of the concentration-response curve of NPY 13-36, a Y2-selective fragment, yielding a pA2 value of 8.48. Thus, to our best knowledge, T4-[NPY(33-36)]4 represents the first potent and selective Y2 antagonist.