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Previous research has highlighted the limitations encountered in representing the dynamism of language use and contacts. Here, linguistic landscapes from five towns in Northern Sweden are the point of departure for investigating novel perspectives through the geovisualization of multilingualism, with the ultimate aim of understanding how languages in our surroundings help construct public spaces. As an outcome, a web GIS application, based on 6865 thematically analyzed photographs, was developed as an interactive resource for visualizing and sharing the data and enabling new modes of analysis and new research questions. The article describes the data collection and curation processes, app development using GIS software and software-as-a-service, the eventual app design and interaction, and the update and maintenance plans, as well as discussing challenges and considerations related to temporalities, spatialities, and technicalities. The web GIS has potential applications in spatial analysis, research communication, and education., Platsskapandets språk. En studie av språkliga landskap

Series (2)Studia Fennica: ISSN 0085-6835 EISSN 2669-9605

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 1 är en kronisk sjukdom som ökar globalt. Att drabbas av diabetes i barndomen medför både stora begränsningar och utmaningar. Sjuksköterskans roll i mötet med barnen är av stor vikt och kräver förståelse och kunskap om sjukdomen.Syfte: Syftet var att belysa barns upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 1.Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes baserat på nio kvalitativa artiklar. Artikelsökningen gjordes i två databaser, CINAHL och PubMed. Artiklarna analyserades sedan med inspiration av Lundman och Hällgren Graneheims kvalitativa innehållsanalys (2017). Resultatet presenteras i tre huvudkategorier och sju subkategorier. Resultat: Resultatet delades upp i tre huvudkategorier och sju subkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var 1) Uppleva förlust av självständighet, 2) Uppleva behov av olika former av stöd och 3) Uppnå medvetenhet om vad som krävs för att hantera egenvården.Konklusion: Diabetes typ 1 kan orsaka psykisk ohälsa och begränsningar i barns liv. Barns upplevelser av att leva med sjukdomen förbättras med hjälp av stöd från vänner och familj samt att få ökad självständighet och att involveras i vården. Det behövs mer forskning om barns upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 1 samt om hur deras psykiska mående kan påverkas av sjukdomen., Background: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease, which is increasing globally. Being affected by diabetes as a child brings both great limitations and challenges. The role nurses have in the meeting with the affected children is of great importance to the child and requires the nurse to possess great understanding and knowledge about the disease.Aim: The aim was to illuminate children’s experiences of living with type 1 diabetes. Methods: This study is a literature review with a qualitative approach based on nine qualitative articles. The articles were found in two databases, CINAHL and PubMed. The articles were analyzed with inspiration from Lundman and Hällgren Graneheims qualitative content analysis (2017). The results are presented in three main categories and seven subcategories. Results: The results are divided into three main categories and seven subcategories. The main categories were 1) To experience the loss of independence, 2) To experience the need for various forms of support and 3) To gain awareness of what is required to manage self-care.Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes can be the cause of mental illness and limitations in children's lives. Children's experiences living with the disease are improved with the help of support from friends and family, with gaining increased independence and being involved in the management of the disease. More research is needed on children's experiences of living with type 1 diabetes and how their mental health can be affected.

Previous research has highlighted the limitations encountered in representing the dynamism of language use and contacts. Here, linguistic landscapes from five towns in Northern Sweden are the point of departure for investigating novel perspectives through the geovisualization of multilingualism, with the ultimate aim of understanding how languages in our surroundings help construct public spaces. As an outcome, a web GIS application, based on 6865 thematically analyzed photographs, was developed as an interactive resource for visualizing and sharing the data and enabling new modes of analysis and new research questions. The article describes the data collection and curation processes, app development using GIS software and software-as-a-service, the eventual app design and interaction, and the update and maintenance plans, as well as discussing challenges and considerations related to temporalities, spatialities, and technicalities. The web GIS has potential applications in spatial analysis, research communication, and education., Platsskapandets språk. En studie av språkliga landskap

Series (2)Studia Fennica: ISSN 0085-6835 EISSN 2669-9605

Previous research has highlighted the limitations encountered in representing the dynamism of language use and contacts. Here, linguistic landscapes from five towns in Northern Sweden are the point of departure for investigating novel perspectives through the geovisualization of multilingualism, with the ultimate aim of understanding how languages in our surroundings help construct public spaces. As an outcome, a web GIS application, based on 6865 thematically analyzed photographs, was developed as an interactive resource for visualizing and sharing the data and enabling new modes of analysis and new research questions. The article describes the data collection and curation processes, app development using GIS software and software-as-a-service, the eventual app design and interaction, and the update and maintenance plans, as well as discussing challenges and considerations related to temporalities, spatialities, and technicalities. The web GIS has potential applications in spatial analysis, research communication, and education., Platsskapandets språk. En studie av språkliga landskap

This study aims to investigate how attitudes are expressed and discussed in group interaction. The background to this study is based on the debate about children's exposure on social media. Our methodological approach is of qualitative sort and the research is carried out with focus group interviews, using a photo elicity method. This study uses the theoretical perspective of symbolic interactionism and the concepts of attitudes, norms and role taking to analyze group interaction. Mead and Blumer's theories of interaction and symbolic interaction were further of great importance in gaining a deeper understanding of how attitudes were expressed and discussed in the groups. Previous research about conformity was also of importance in our study. Our result shows that the definition of the situation, role taking and compliance with social norms impact the way attitudes are expressed in groups. Further on, our result shows that the participants' attitudes are especially in need for discussion when the attitudes are not in line with the remaining group members. Last but not least our result shows that attitudes are based on attitude components and are expressed in line with these.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 1 är en kronisk sjukdom som ökar globalt. Att drabbas av diabetes i barndomen medför både stora begränsningar och utmaningar. Sjuksköterskans roll i mötet med barnen är av stor vikt och kräver förståelse och kunskap om sjukdomen.Syfte: Syftet var att belysa barns upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 1.Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes baserat på nio kvalitativa artiklar. Artikelsökningen gjordes i två databaser, CINAHL och PubMed. Artiklarna analyserades sedan med inspiration av Lundman och Hällgren Graneheims kvalitativa innehållsanalys (2017). Resultatet presenteras i tre huvudkategorier och sju subkategorier. Resultat: Resultatet delades upp i tre huvudkategorier och sju subkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var 1) Uppleva förlust av självständighet, 2) Uppleva behov av olika former av stöd och 3) Uppnå medvetenhet om vad som krävs för att hantera egenvården.Konklusion: Diabetes typ 1 kan orsaka psykisk ohälsa och begränsningar i barns liv. Barns upplevelser av att leva med sjukdomen förbättras med hjälp av stöd från vänner och familj samt att få ökad självständighet och att involveras i vården. Det behövs mer forskning om barns upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 1 samt om hur deras psykiska mående kan påverkas av sjukdomen., Background: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease, which is increasing globally. Being affected by diabetes as a child brings both great limitations and challenges. The role nurses have in the meeting with the affected children is of great importance to the child and requires the nurse to possess great understanding and knowledge about the disease.Aim: The aim was to illuminate children’s experiences of living with type 1 diabetes. Methods: This study is a literature review with a qualitative approach based on nine qualitative articles. The articles were found in two databases, CINAHL and PubMed. The articles were analyzed with inspiration from Lundman and Hällgren Graneheims qualitative content analysis (2017). The results are presented in three main categories and seven subcategories. Results: The results are divided into three main categories and seven subcategories. The main categories were 1) To experience the loss of independence, 2) To experience the need for various forms of support and 3) To gain awareness of what is required to manage self-care.Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes can be the cause of mental illness and limitations in children's lives. Children's experiences living with the disease are improved with the help of support from friends and family, with gaining increased independence and being involved in the management of the disease. More research is needed on children's experiences of living with type 1 diabetes and how their mental health can be affected.

Series (2)Studia Fennica: ISSN 0085-6835 EISSN 2669-9605

Series (2)Studia Fennica: ISSN 0085-6835 EISSN 2669-9605

Few religious denominations in the US enjoy the degree of central governance that Mormonism does. The biggest church within the religion, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, traces its roots back to the founding of the movement and the subsequent migrations across the contiguous United States. At the same time, the organization currently exists within a secular democratic system that does not bind itself to legislating according to the church’s will. This paper seeks to understand the church’s position within this democratic system. To this end, official communications from the church are analyzed using qualitative content analysis to place them within an ideal type of view of democracy, Habermas deliberative and Mouffe’s agonistic theory of democracy. This paper found that the church has undergone a shift from an agonistic to a deliberative rhetoric when speaking of itself in a democratic context. However, the data pool used for this could be expanded to produce a higher quality result.

In this paper, we have focused on possible connections between Esports, more narrowly League of Legends, and increased Computer Literacy Skills. The purpose of this study was to research Esports and Computer Literacy skills and analyse the possible link and how it might overall help one’s day-to-day life, job prospects and more by using Esports as a tool for learning Computer Literacy Skills. This study is guided by the theoretical perspective of transfer of learning. Using a cross-sectional observational study, we have come up with a 10-exercise test which analyses the computer literacy skills (CLS) of Esports players and Non-Esports individuals. Data were collected from 20 participants through observations to gauge participants’ performance, supplemented by a post-test survey to gather additional insights. Results between the two groups were similar, with a slight edge towards the Esports players group which has shown greater efficiency at completing the test overall and each individual task. Overall, our results show that people who enjoy these titles do tend to be more efficient at completing daily computer duties. However, both groups possess capable computer literacy skills in order to handle the ever-evolving digital world. Further research is mandatory to explore the causal relationship between League of Legends and computer literacy skills, as well as to identify strategies for incorporating Esports in educational settings regarding computer literacy skills.

In this paper, we have focused on possible connections between Esports, more narrowly League of Legends, and increased Computer Literacy Skills. The purpose of this study was to research Esports and Computer Literacy skills and analyse the possible link and how it might overall help one’s day-to-day life, job prospects and more by using Esports as a tool for learning Computer Literacy Skills. This study is guided by the theoretical perspective of transfer of learning. Using a cross-sectional observational study, we have come up with a 10-exercise test which analyses the computer literacy skills (CLS) of Esports players and Non-Esports individuals. Data were collected from 20 participants through observations to gauge participants’ performance, supplemented by a post-test survey to gather additional insights. Results between the two groups were similar, with a slight edge towards the Esports players group which has shown greater efficiency at completing the test overall and each individual task. Overall, our results show that people who enjoy these titles do tend to be more efficient at completing daily computer duties. However, both groups possess capable computer literacy skills in order to handle the ever-evolving digital world. Further research is mandatory to explore the causal relationship between League of Legends and computer literacy skills, as well as to identify strategies for incorporating Esports in educational settings regarding computer literacy skills.

This article explores processes of place-making through the study of the linguistic landscape of a small-size town in Northern Sweden. The analysis of signs is used as a tool for examining the role and visibility of actors in the landscape. For this purpose, we examine who the authors are, what forms of multilingualism can be observed, and who has agency in the place-making of the public space. Our documentation consists of photos and fieldnotes from observations, encounters, and conversations with people during ethnographic fieldwork in 2019. Using a mixed-methods approach, all signs were first analysed quantitatively according to the categories of authors and function. Regression analysis was used to explore correlations between the categories. Secondly, multilingual signs were analysed qualitatively regarding their function and purpose in relation to their contexts. Our results illustrate a city centre with a strong presence of the Swedish language. Multilingual signs target specific groups and are intended for information, advertisement, rules and regulations; moreover, our findings indicate that the opportunities for private actors to influence the linguistic landscape are limited. The form of multilingualism in this context—visible multilingualism present mainly through English—is different from the one we can see in the socio-demographic data.

This article explores processes of place-making through the study of the linguistic landscape of a small-size town in Northern Sweden. The analysis of signs is used as a tool for examining the role and visibility of actors in the landscape. For this purpose, we examine who the authors are, what forms of multilingualism can be observed, and who has agency in the place-making of the public space. Our documentation consists of photos and fieldnotes from observations, encounters, and conversations with people during ethnographic fieldwork in 2019. Using a mixed-methods approach, all signs were first analysed quantitatively according to the categories of authors and function. Regression analysis was used to explore correlations between the categories. Secondly, multilingual signs were analysed qualitatively regarding their function and purpose in relation to their contexts. Our results illustrate a city centre with a strong presence of the Swedish language. Multilingual signs target specific groups and are intended for information, advertisement, rules and regulations; moreover, our findings indicate that the opportunities for private actors to influence the linguistic landscape are limited. The form of multilingualism in this context—visible multilingualism present mainly through English—is different from the one we can see in the socio-demographic data.

Virtual reality, VR, has become more popular in the last decade thanks to the rapid development of the technology, and thanks to becoming more accessible. One of the demands that users have is that the VR experience should be immersive, which means that the computer-generated world should be perceived as if it was real. This is achieved by taking all senses into account. In addition to the visual impression, the sound is essential and contributes information to the user. When locating audio sources, a three-dimensional sound image is necessary. A part of the localization includes estimating the distance to the audio source. Our perception of distance is based upon two impressions, the volume and the relationship between direct and diffuse sound. The direct sound is the sound that reaches the listener directly, and the diffuse sound is the sound that arrives at the listener after being reflected against the surroundings [4]. This study aims to explore how the relationship between direct and diffuse sound affects the perception of distance to audio sources in VR. The study consisted of two phases: A design phase for building the test environment and a test phase where physical tests were conducted. The test environment was built in Unity and consisted of four scenes, two of which were for educational purposes and two for test purposes. It was also analyzed whether any previous experience of VR or playing an instrument affected the result. No evident trends could be seen in the results, and therefore no conclusions could be drawn from the study. Noticeable from the data was that the answers became more extreme when the reverberation was increased. And that the answers were more evenly distributed when the reverberation was reduced. It was also noted that the reverberation affected the participants' perception of space more than the perception of distance. The most prominent reasons for the vague result are believed to be that the study group was too small and that the, Virtuell verklighet, VR, har blivit mer och mer populärt under det senaste årtiondet tack vare att tekniken utvecklats och tack vare att den har blivit mer tillgänglig. Ett av de största kraven som användarna ställer på VR-upplevelsen är att den ska vara omslutande, vilket innebär att den datorgenererade världen ska uppfattas som om den var verklig. För att det ska uppnås måste alla sinnen tas i beaktning. Förutom synintrycket, är ljudupplevelsen ett viktigt stimuli som bidrar med information till användaren. För att kunna lokalisera ljudkällor är en tredimensionell ljudbild nödvändig. En del av lokaliseringen innefattar att uppskatta avståndet till ljudkällan. Vår avståndsuppfattning bygger på två intryck, ljudstyrkan och förhållandet mellan direkt och diffust ljud. Det direkta ljudet är det ljud som når lyssnaren direkt och det diffusa ljudet är det som når lyssnaren efter att ha reflekterats mot omgivningen [4]. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur förhållandet mellan direkt och diffust ljud påverkar avståndsuppfattningen till ljudkällor i VR. Studien har bestått av två faser: En designfas där testmiljön byggdes, och en testfas där det utfördes fysiska tester på deltagarna. Testmiljön byggdes i Unity och bestod av fyra scener, varav två var i utbildande syfte och de andra två utgjorde testet. Det analyserades även om tidigare erfarenhet av VR eller instrumentspelande hade någon påverkan på resultatet. Det gick inte att se några tydliga trender i resultatet och därav kan inga slutsatser dras av undersökningen. Det mest utmärkande i datan var att svaren blev mer extrema vid ökad efterklang och mer jämt fördelade vid minskad efterklang. Det noterades att efterklangen påverkade deltagarnas rumsuppfattning mer än uppfattningen om avståndet till ljudkällan. De mest framträdande anledningarna till det vaga resultatet tros vara att studiegruppen var för liten och att testet var för svårt. Den använda programvaran har även haft påverkan på utfallet. Trots att inga

This article explores processes of place-making through the study of the linguistic landscape of a small-size town in Northern Sweden. The analysis of signs is used as a tool for examining the role and visibility of actors in the landscape. For this purpose, we examine who the authors are, what forms of multilingualism can be observed, and who has agency in the place-making of the public space. Our documentation consists of photos and fieldnotes from observations, encounters, and conversations with people during ethnographic fieldwork in 2019. Using a mixed-methods approach, all signs were first analysed quantitatively according to the categories of authors and function. Regression analysis was used to explore correlations between the categories. Secondly, multilingual signs were analysed qualitatively regarding their function and purpose in relation to their contexts. Our results illustrate a city centre with a strong presence of the Swedish language. Multilingual signs target specific groups and are intended for information, advertisement, rules and regulations; moreover, our findings indicate that the opportunities for private actors to influence the linguistic landscape are limited. The form of multilingualism in this context—visible multilingualism present mainly through English—is different from the one we can see in the socio-demographic data.

Virtual reality, VR, has become more popular in the last decade thanks to the rapid development of the technology, and thanks to becoming more accessible. One of the demands that users have is that the VR experience should be immersive, which means that the computer-generated world should be perceived as if it was real. This is achieved by taking all senses into account. In addition to the visual impression, the sound is essential and contributes information to the user. When locating audio sources, a three-dimensional sound image is necessary. A part of the localization includes estimating the distance to the audio source. Our perception of distance is based upon two impressions, the volume and the relationship between direct and diffuse sound. The direct sound is the sound that reaches the listener directly, and the diffuse sound is the sound that arrives at the listener after being reflected against the surroundings [4]. This study aims to explore how the relationship between direct and diffuse sound affects the perception of distance to audio sources in VR. The study consisted of two phases: A design phase for building the test environment and a test phase where physical tests were conducted. The test environment was built in Unity and consisted of four scenes, two of which were for educational purposes and two for test purposes. It was also analyzed whether any previous experience of VR or playing an instrument affected the result. No evident trends could be seen in the results, and therefore no conclusions could be drawn from the study. Noticeable from the data was that the answers became more extreme when the reverberation was increased. And that the answers were more evenly distributed when the reverberation was reduced. It was also noted that the reverberation affected the participants' perception of space more than the perception of distance. The most prominent reasons for the vague result are believed to be that the study group was too small and that the, Virtuell verklighet, VR, har blivit mer och mer populärt under det senaste årtiondet tack vare att tekniken utvecklats och tack vare att den har blivit mer tillgänglig. Ett av de största kraven som användarna ställer på VR-upplevelsen är att den ska vara omslutande, vilket innebär att den datorgenererade världen ska uppfattas som om den var verklig. För att det ska uppnås måste alla sinnen tas i beaktning. Förutom synintrycket, är ljudupplevelsen ett viktigt stimuli som bidrar med information till användaren. För att kunna lokalisera ljudkällor är en tredimensionell ljudbild nödvändig. En del av lokaliseringen innefattar att uppskatta avståndet till ljudkällan. Vår avståndsuppfattning bygger på två intryck, ljudstyrkan och förhållandet mellan direkt och diffust ljud. Det direkta ljudet är det ljud som når lyssnaren direkt och det diffusa ljudet är det som når lyssnaren efter att ha reflekterats mot omgivningen [4]. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur förhållandet mellan direkt och diffust ljud påverkar avståndsuppfattningen till ljudkällor i VR. Studien har bestått av två faser: En designfas där testmiljön byggdes, och en testfas där det utfördes fysiska tester på deltagarna. Testmiljön byggdes i Unity och bestod av fyra scener, varav två var i utbildande syfte och de andra två utgjorde testet. Det analyserades även om tidigare erfarenhet av VR eller instrumentspelande hade någon påverkan på resultatet. Det gick inte att se några tydliga trender i resultatet och därav kan inga slutsatser dras av undersökningen. Det mest utmärkande i datan var att svaren blev mer extrema vid ökad efterklang och mer jämt fördelade vid minskad efterklang. Det noterades att efterklangen påverkade deltagarnas rumsuppfattning mer än uppfattningen om avståndet till ljudkällan. De mest framträdande anledningarna till det vaga resultatet tros vara att studiegruppen var för liten och att testet var för svårt. Den använda programvaran har även haft påverkan på utfallet. Trots att inga

This article explores processes of place-making through the study of the linguistic landscape of a small-size town in Northern Sweden. The analysis of signs is used as a tool for examining the role and visibility of actors in the landscape. For this purpose, we examine who the authors are, what forms of multilingualism can be observed, and who has agency in the place-making of the public space. Our documentation consists of photos and fieldnotes from observations, encounters, and conversations with people during ethnographic fieldwork in 2019. Using a mixed-methods approach, all signs were first analysed quantitatively according to the categories of authors and function. Regression analysis was used to explore correlations between the categories. Secondly, multilingual signs were analysed qualitatively regarding their function and purpose in relation to their contexts. Our results illustrate a city centre with a strong presence of the Swedish language. Multilingual signs target specific groups and are intended for information, advertisement, rules and regulations; moreover, our findings indicate that the opportunities for private actors to influence the linguistic landscape are limited. The form of multilingualism in this context—visible multilingualism present mainly through English—is different from the one we can see in the socio-demographic data.

This article explores processes of place-making through the study of the linguistic landscape of a small-size town in Northern Sweden. The analysis of signs is used as a tool for examining the role and visibility of actors in the landscape. For this purpose, we examine who the authors are, what forms of multilingualism can be observed, and who has agency in the place-making of the public space. Our documentation consists of photos and fieldnotes from observations, encounters, and conversations with people during ethnographic fieldwork in 2019. Using a mixed-methods approach, all signs were first analysed quantitatively according to the categories of authors and function. Regression analysis was used to explore correlations between the categories. Secondly, multilingual signs were analysed qualitatively regarding their function and purpose in relation to their contexts. Our results illustrate a city centre with a strong presence of the Swedish language. Multilingual signs target specific groups and are intended for information, advertisement, rules and regulations; moreover, our findings indicate that the opportunities for private actors to influence the linguistic landscape are limited. The form of multilingualism in this context—visible multilingualism present mainly through English—is different from the one we can see in the socio-demographic data.

Denna uppsats är skriven som en del av Medie och Kommunikationsvetenskap fortsättningskurs (MKVA22) vid Institutionen för kommunikation och medier vid Lunds universitet. Uppsatsens författare är Hugo Granstedt Hillve och Cecilia Malmberg. Uppsatsen ämnar att närmare undersöka och analysera ett antal artiklar berörande det nyligen uppkomna kriget mellan Ukraina och Ryssland, våren 2022, samt den roll medieplattformen Meta har spelat i sammanhanget. Urvalet föll på fyra artiklar, två uppenbart kritiska mot facebook eller västvärlden och två som till synes stämmer överens med rådande ideologisk hegemoni i väst. Analysen gjordes i relation till begreppet framing, som innebär att skaparen, medvetet eller omedvetet, presenterar information via ett bestämt system värderingar och antaganden. Begreppet hegemoni utifrån Antonio Gramsci behandlades även för att förstå sambandet mellan ideologi, politik och medier. Arbetet gjordes genom en kvalitativ textanalys och vilar på hermeneutisk grund. Genom analysen kunde ett flertal slutsatser av de undersökta artiklarna dras. Till exempel konstaterades det att en av artiklarna motsätter sig vad som skulle kunna kallas en väst-hegemonisk dominerad frame, medans en annan passar mycket bekvämt in i en västvänlig och antirysk frame. På grund av dess uppenbara utpekning av dolda maktstrukturer kunde en av artiklarna även klassificeras som anti-hegemonisk.

Documenting and analyzing how multilingualism materializes around us gives insights in the use, hierarchies and inclusions of languages in society. The visualization of these insights, however, is often challenging as characteris- tics of languages, their flows, movements etc. demand contextualization and clar- ifications that can be difficult to render on a visualization model such as a map. This paper discusses the challenges of visualization and the potentials of digital maps in Linguistic Landscape Studies. We suggest to include and integrate vari- ous layers of qualitative and quantitative data in order to strive for rendering the dynamism of language use.

I förskolans utbildning ska varje individuellt barn erbjudas en lärorik och trygg vistelse, detta enligt förskolans styrdokument. Förskolan ska lägga grunden för ett livslångt lärande och utgå ifrån en helhetssyn på barnen utifrån omsorg, utveckling och lärande. Varje individuellt barns behov av trygghet och omsorg ska beaktas för att barnet ska uppleva en känsla av trygghet och därmed ta till sig lärandet i förskolan. Syftet med denna studie var att synliggöra hur pedagoger i förskolan resonerar om och skapar förutsättningar för anknytning mellan pedagog och barn samt den problematik som kan uppstå kring anknytning i förskolan. I studiens frågeställningar efterfrågas vilken syn pedagoger har på anknytningens betydelse i förskolan, hur de arbetar med barns anknytning till pedagoger och vilken problematik som kan uppstå kring anknytning mellan pedagoger och barn i förskolan. Studien har sin utgångspunkt i anknytningsteorin av John Bowlby (1907-1990). För att uppnå studiens syfte och frågeställningar genomfördes kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra pedagoger inom två olika förskolor i två olika kommuner. Majoriteten av pedagogerna ansåg att de faktorer som är av vikt vid barnsanknytning i förskolan är relationer, trygghet, omsorg, vilken slags anknytning barnen hartill sina föräldrar, personaltäthet, storlek på barngruppen samt vilket förhållningssätt ochvilken kompetens man som pedagog besitter.

Documenting and analyzing how multilingualism materializes around us gives insights in the use, hierarchies and inclusions of languages in society. The visualization of these insights, however, is often challenging as characteris- tics of languages, their flows, movements etc. demand contextualization and clar- ifications that can be difficult to render on a visualization model such as a map. This paper discusses the challenges of visualization and the potentials of digital maps in Linguistic Landscape Studies. We suggest to include and integrate vari- ous layers of qualitative and quantitative data in order to strive for rendering the dynamism of language use.

I dagens samhälle överutnyttjas jordens resurser. Dagens levnadssätt och klimatförändringarna som sker, leder därför till att högre krav ställs på företag att arbeta med hållbarhetsfrågor och sträva efter resurseffektiva arbetsmetoder. För att företag ska bli mer resurseffektiva kan det krävas verktyg eller arbetsmetoder som hjälper till att identifiera områden med förbättringspotential. I den här studien analyserades Leanverktyget värdeflödesanalys och dess tillämpbarhet på processindustrin. Värdeflödesanalys är ett kartläggningsverktyg som används för att identifiera förluster och flödesbegränsade faktorer relaterade till en tillverkningsprocess. Kartläggningen analyserar såväl information- som materialflöde. Författarna vill med den här studien undersöka hur värdeflödesanalys kan tillämpas eller anpassas till en kontinuerligt tillverkande miljö. Studien är gjord som en fallstudie hos Stora Enso Skoghall där datainsamlingen har gjorts genom en kartläggning av flödet, en enkätundersökning och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien visar att verktyget kan tillämpas på processindustrin då det ger en bra översikt över processerna och indikerar områden som kan ses som flödesbegränsande. Som verktyg för förlustidentifiering krävs det att kartläggningen kompletteras med ytterligare analysmetoder för att få en tydligare bild över vilka förluster som sker inom pappers- och massaindustrin. Värdeflödesanalysen kan bland annat utvecklas gällande en tydligare kartläggning av informationsflödet. Studiens författare anser också att kartläggningen av materialflödet kan utvecklas med mer information om hur avvikelser sker längs tillverkningen. Materialflödet kan också illustreras med hjälp av ett simulerande verktyg för att ge en mer korrekt bild över avvikelserna som sker., In today's society, the earth's resources are overused. Today's way of living and the climate changes that are taking place therefore lead to higher requirements on companies to work with issues regarding sustainability and strive for resource-efficient working methods. For companies to become more resource efficient, tools may be needed to help and identify areas with potential for improvement. In this study, the Lean tool value stream mapping and its applicability to the process industry were analyzed. Value stream mapping is a mapping tool used to identify losses and flow-limiting factors related to a manufacturing process. The mapping analyzes both information and material flow. With this study, the authors want to investigate how value flow analysis can be applied or adapted to a continuous manufacturing environment. The study was conducted as a case study at Stora Enso Skoghall, where data collection was done through a mapping of the process, a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The study shows that the tool can be applied to the process industry as it provides a good overview of the processes and indicates areas that can be seen as flow-limiting. As a tool for loss identification, it is required that the mapping is supplemented with additional analysis methods in order to get a clearer picture of the losses that occur in the paper and pulp industry. The value stream mapping can, among other things, be developed regarding a clearer mapping of the information flow. The authors of the study also believe that the mapping of the material flow can be developed with more information about how deviations occur along the production. The material flow can also be illustrated with the help of a simulating tool to give a more correct picture of the deviations that occur.

Introduction: The history of going concern have been surrounded by uncertainties. The concept becomes relevant in times of economic crisis. The accuracy of existing procedures concerning GCOs have been questioned, where firms file for bankruptcy without any prior indications of going concern issues. Therefore, it has been questioned if the auditors are better than anyone else to predict the future. The standards and regulations leave out large room for professional judgement, thus there is a great risk of fluctuations in the judgement process in practice. Without a complete understanding of going concern, one could question the added value of the concept, and what conclusions can be made from prior literature. Purpose: The purpose of our study is to enhance the understanding of the auditor’s going concern assessment by looking further into their application and treatment of the concept in practice. This will provide a more complete nuanced picture of auditor’s conceptualization and their process of evaluating going concern. Method: Our purpose in this study is achieved by using a qualitative research method. The empirical findings are collected through using a semi-structured interview approach. The interview guide is developed from our model (Figure 2) which is derived from previous literature in the field. Our sample consists of 6 authorized auditors from the Jönköping region. Findings: The findings indicate that the perception shifts based on the process. Going concern is a difficult assessment, which is highly influenced by subjective judgement. Auditor’s application process in practice can be identified as a step-process. Between these steps, the perception changes. The process is characterized by auditors seeking evidence to the contrary of issuing a GCO.

Documenting and analyzing how multilingualism materializes around us gives insights in the use, hierarchies and inclusions of languages in society. The visualization of these insights, however, is often challenging as characteris- tics of languages, their flows, movements etc. demand contextualization and clar- ifications that can be difficult to render on a visualization model such as a map. This paper discusses the challenges of visualization and the potentials of digital maps in Linguistic Landscape Studies. We suggest to include and integrate vari- ous layers of qualitative and quantitative data in order to strive for rendering the dynamism of language use.

Documenting and analyzing how multilingualism materializes around us gives insights in the use, hierarchies and inclusions of languages in society. The visualization of these insights, however, is often challenging as characteris- tics of languages, their flows, movements etc. demand contextualization and clar- ifications that can be difficult to render on a visualization model such as a map. This paper discusses the challenges of visualization and the potentials of digital maps in Linguistic Landscape Studies. We suggest to include and integrate vari- ous layers of qualitative and quantitative data in order to strive for rendering the dynamism of language use.

Documenting and analyzing how multilingualism materializes around us gives insights in the use, hierarchies and inclusions of languages in society. The visualization of these insights, however, is often challenging as characteris- tics of languages, their flows, movements etc. demand contextualization and clar- ifications that can be difficult to render on a visualization model such as a map. This paper discusses the challenges of visualization and the potentials of digital maps in Linguistic Landscape Studies. We suggest to include and integrate vari- ous layers of qualitative and quantitative data in order to strive for rendering the dynamism of language use.

I dagens samhälle överutnyttjas jordens resurser. Dagens levnadssätt och klimatförändringarna som sker, leder därför till att högre krav ställs på företag att arbeta med hållbarhetsfrågor och sträva efter resurseffektiva arbetsmetoder. För att företag ska bli mer resurseffektiva kan det krävas verktyg eller arbetsmetoder som hjälper till att identifiera områden med förbättringspotential. I den här studien analyserades Leanverktyget värdeflödesanalys och dess tillämpbarhet på processindustrin. Värdeflödesanalys är ett kartläggningsverktyg som används för att identifiera förluster och flödesbegränsade faktorer relaterade till en tillverkningsprocess. Kartläggningen analyserar såväl information- som materialflöde. Författarna vill med den här studien undersöka hur värdeflödesanalys kan tillämpas eller anpassas till en kontinuerligt tillverkande miljö. Studien är gjord som en fallstudie hos Stora Enso Skoghall där datainsamlingen har gjorts genom en kartläggning av flödet, en enkätundersökning och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien visar att verktyget kan tillämpas på processindustrin då det ger en bra översikt över processerna och indikerar områden som kan ses som flödesbegränsande. Som verktyg för förlustidentifiering krävs det att kartläggningen kompletteras med ytterligare analysmetoder för att få en tydligare bild över vilka förluster som sker inom pappers- och massaindustrin. Värdeflödesanalysen kan bland annat utvecklas gällande en tydligare kartläggning av informationsflödet. Studiens författare anser också att kartläggningen av materialflödet kan utvecklas med mer information om hur avvikelser sker längs tillverkningen. Materialflödet kan också illustreras med hjälp av ett simulerande verktyg för att ge en mer korrekt bild över avvikelserna som sker., In today's society, the earth's resources are overused. Today's way of living and the climate changes that are taking place therefore lead to higher requirements on companies to work with issues regarding sustainability and strive for resource-efficient working methods. For companies to become more resource efficient, tools may be needed to help and identify areas with potential for improvement. In this study, the Lean tool value stream mapping and its applicability to the process industry were analyzed. Value stream mapping is a mapping tool used to identify losses and flow-limiting factors related to a manufacturing process. The mapping analyzes both information and material flow. With this study, the authors want to investigate how value flow analysis can be applied or adapted to a continuous manufacturing environment. The study was conducted as a case study at Stora Enso Skoghall, where data collection was done through a mapping of the process, a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The study shows that the tool can be applied to the process industry as it provides a good overview of the processes and indicates areas that can be seen as flow-limiting. As a tool for loss identification, it is required that the mapping is supplemented with additional analysis methods in order to get a clearer picture of the losses that occur in the paper and pulp industry. The value stream mapping can, among other things, be developed regarding a clearer mapping of the information flow. The authors of the study also believe that the mapping of the material flow can be developed with more information about how deviations occur along the production. The material flow can also be illustrated with the help of a simulating tool to give a more correct picture of the deviations that occur.

Introduction: The history of going concern have been surrounded by uncertainties. The concept becomes relevant in times of economic crisis. The accuracy of existing procedures concerning GCOs have been questioned, where firms file for bankruptcy without any prior indications of going concern issues. Therefore, it has been questioned if the auditors are better than anyone else to predict the future. The standards and regulations leave out large room for professional judgement, thus there is a great risk of fluctuations in the judgement process in practice. Without a complete understanding of going concern, one could question the added value of the concept, and what conclusions can be made from prior literature. Purpose: The purpose of our study is to enhance the understanding of the auditor’s going concern assessment by looking further into their application and treatment of the concept in practice. This will provide a more complete nuanced picture of auditor’s conceptualization and their process of evaluating going concern. Method: Our purpose in this study is achieved by using a qualitative research method. The empirical findings are collected through using a semi-structured interview approach. The interview guide is developed from our model (Figure 2) which is derived from previous literature in the field. Our sample consists of 6 authorized auditors from the Jönköping region. Findings: The findings indicate that the perception shifts based on the process. Going concern is a difficult assessment, which is highly influenced by subjective judgement. Auditor’s application process in practice can be identified as a step-process. Between these steps, the perception changes. The process is characterized by auditors seeking evidence to the contrary of issuing a GCO.

I förskolans utbildning ska varje individuellt barn erbjudas en lärorik och trygg vistelse, detta enligt förskolans styrdokument. Förskolan ska lägga grunden för ett livslångt lärande och utgå ifrån en helhetssyn på barnen utifrån omsorg, utveckling och lärande. Varje individuellt barns behov av trygghet och omsorg ska beaktas för att barnet ska uppleva en känsla av trygghet och därmed ta till sig lärandet i förskolan. Syftet med denna studie var att synliggöra hur pedagoger i förskolan resonerar om och skapar förutsättningar för anknytning mellan pedagog och barn samt den problematik som kan uppstå kring anknytning i förskolan. I studiens frågeställningar efterfrågas vilken syn pedagoger har på anknytningens betydelse i förskolan, hur de arbetar med barns anknytning till pedagoger och vilken problematik som kan uppstå kring anknytning mellan pedagoger och barn i förskolan. Studien har sin utgångspunkt i anknytningsteorin av John Bowlby (1907-1990). För att uppnå studiens syfte och frågeställningar genomfördes kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra pedagoger inom två olika förskolor i två olika kommuner. Majoriteten av pedagogerna ansåg att de faktorer som är av vikt vid barnsanknytning i förskolan är relationer, trygghet, omsorg, vilken slags anknytning barnen hartill sina föräldrar, personaltäthet, storlek på barngruppen samt vilket förhållningssätt ochvilken kompetens man som pedagog besitter.

Deep learning-based image super-resolution (DL-SR) has shown great promise in medical imaging applications. To date, most of the proposed methods for DL-SR have only been assessed by use of traditional measures of image quality (IQ) that are commonly employed in the field of computer vision. However, the impact of these methods on objective measures of image quality that are relevant to medical imaging tasks remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate the impact of DL-SR methods on binary signal detection performance. Two popular DL-SR methods, the super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN) and the super-resolution generative adversarial network (SRGAN), were trained by use of simulated medical image data. Binary signal-known-exactly with background-known-statistically (SKE/BKS) and signal-known-statistically with background-known-statistically (SKS/BKS) detection tasks were formulated. Numerical observers, which included a neural network-approximated ideal observer and common linear numerical observers, were employed to assess the impact of DL-SR on task performance. The impact of the complexity of the DL-SR network architectures on task-performance was quantified. In addition, the utility of DL-SR for improving the task-performance of sub-optimal observers was investigated. Our numerical experiments confirmed that, as expected, DL-SR could improve traditional measures of IQ. However, for many of the study designs considered, the DL-SR methods provided little or no improvement in task performance and could even degrade it. It was observed that DL-SR could improve the task-performance of sub-optimal observers under certain conditions. The presented study highlights the urgent need for the objective assessment of DL-SR methods and suggests avenues for improving their efficacy in medical imaging applications.

Medical imaging systems are commonly assessed and optimized by use of objective-measures of image quality (IQ) that quantify the performance of an observer at specific tasks. Variation in the objects to-be-imaged is an important source of variability that can significantly limit observer performance. This object variability can be described by stochastic object models (SOMs). In order to establish SOMs that can accurately model realistic object variability, it is desirable to use experimental data. To achieve this, an augmented generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture called AmbientGAN has been developed and investigated. However, AmbientGANs cannot be immediately trained by use of advanced GAN training methods such as the progressive growing of GANs (ProGANs). Therefore, the ability of AmbientGANs to establish realistic object models is limited. To circumvent this, a progressively-growing AmbientGAN (ProAmGAN) has been proposed. However, ProAmGANs are designed for generating two-dimensional (2D) images while medical imaging modalities are commonly employed for imaging three-dimensional (3D) objects. Moreover, ProAmGANs that employ traditional generator architectures lack the ability to control specific image features such as fine-scale textures that are frequently considered when optimizing imaging systems. In this study, we address these limitations by proposing two advanced AmbientGAN architectures: 3D ProAmGANs and Style-AmbientGANs (StyAmGANs). Stylized numerical studies involving magnetic resonance (MR) imaging systems are conducted. The ability of 3D ProAmGANs to learn 3D SOMs from imaging measurements and the ability of StyAmGANs to control fine-scale textures of synthesized objects are demonstrated., Comment: SPIE Medical Imaging 2021

Documenting and analyzing how multilingualism materializes around us gives insights in the use, hierarchies and inclusions of languages in society. The visualization of these insights, however, is often challenging as characteris- tics of languages, their flows, movements etc. demand contextualization and clar- ifications that can be difficult to render on a visualization model such as a map. This paper discusses the challenges of visualization and the potentials of digital maps in Linguistic Landscape Studies. We suggest to include and integrate vari- ous layers of qualitative and quantitative data in order to strive for rendering the dynamism of language use.

This article focuses on the methodology developed in a mixed-method study situated in sparsely populated areas in Sweden within a project that aims at investigating the role of language in place-making and in relation to various groups. These areas have a rich history of multilingualism as well as a more recent influx of multilingualism - the former usually in the form of Indigenous Sámi language and national minority languages; the latter being for example tourism from many parts of the world or refugees. The article discusses a mixed-methods approach that includes textual and numerical data, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis. Register data is both used to select sites for investigation and for the interpretation of the data. The article further focuses on coding and categorizing signs for linguistic code, status, space and function as well as some on methodological issues and challenges that have occurred along the process., The language of place-making. A mixed-method analysis of linguistic landscapes

This article focuses on the methodology developed in a mixed-method study situated in sparsely populated areas in Sweden within a project that aims at investigating the role of language in place-making and in relation to various groups. These areas have a rich history of multilingualism as well as a more recent influx of multilingualism - the former usually in the form of Indigenous Sámi language and national minority languages; the latter being for example tourism from many parts of the world or refugees. The article discusses a mixed-methods approach that includes textual and numerical data, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis. Register data is both used to select sites for investigation and for the interpretation of the data. The article further focuses on coding and categorizing signs for linguistic code, status, space and function as well as some on methodological issues and challenges that have occurred along the process., The language of place-making. A mixed-method analysis of linguistic landscapes

Formålet med studien var å undersøke muligheter for en bærekraftig matforsyning med søkelys på næringsbalanse og klima. Det ble utført næringsbalanseberegninger og vurderinger av klimakonsekvenser på bakgrunn av registreringer av drifta på Fokhol Gård i årene 2014-2017. Den norske utgaven av rapporten omfatter de viktigste funnene fra Fokhol Gård, sett i sammenheng med norsk jordbruk. Resultatene viser at ved å tilpasse drifta til grunnleggende økologiske prinsipper for kretsløpsjordbruk er det mulig å redusere overskuddet av plantenæringsstoffer og samtidig redusere utslippene av klimagasser. Studien er gjort som en del av prosjektet «Klimaregnskap for norsk landbruksproduksjon – kunnskapsstatus og vurdering av tiltak». Prosjektet ble finansiert av Stiftelse Eir.

Formålet med studien var å undersøke muligheter for en bærekraftig matforsyning med søkelys på næringsbalanse og klima. Det ble utført næringsbalanseberegninger og vurderinger av klimakonsekvenser på bakgrunn av registreringer av drifta på Fokhol Gård i årene 2014-2017. Den norske utgaven av rapporten omfatter de viktigste funnene fra Fokhol Gård, sett i sammenheng med norsk jordbruk. Resultatene viser at ved å tilpasse drifta til grunnleggende økologiske prinsipper for kretsløpsjordbruk er det mulig å redusere overskuddet av plantenæringsstoffer og samtidig redusere utslippene av klimagasser. Studien er gjort som en del av prosjektet «Klimaregnskap for norsk landbruksproduksjon – kunnskapsstatus og vurdering av tiltak». Prosjektet ble finansiert av Stiftelse Eir.

Formålet med studien var å undersøke muligheter for en bærekraftig matforsyning med søkelys på næringsbalanse og klima. Det ble utført næringsbalanseberegninger og vurderinger av klimakonsekvenser på bakgrunn av registreringer av drifta på Fokhol Gård i årene 2014-2017. Den norske utgaven av rapporten omfatter de viktigste funnene fra Fokhol Gård, sett i sammenheng med norsk jordbruk. Resultatene viser at ved å tilpasse drifta til grunnleggende økologiske prinsipper for kretsløpsjordbruk er det mulig å redusere overskuddet av plantenæringsstoffer og samtidig redusere utslippene av klimagasser. Studien er gjort som en del av prosjektet «Klimaregnskap for norsk landbruksproduksjon – kunnskapsstatus og vurdering av tiltak». Prosjektet ble finansiert av Stiftelse Eir.

Formålet med studien var å undersøke muligheter for en bærekraftig matforsyning med søkelys på næringsbalanse og klima. Det ble utført næringsbalanseberegninger og vurderinger av klimakonsekvenser på bakgrunn av registreringer av drifta på Fokhol Gård i årene 2014-2017. Den norske utgaven av rapporten omfatter de viktigste funnene fra Fokhol Gård, sett i sammenheng med norsk jordbruk. Resultatene viser at ved å tilpasse drifta til grunnleggende økologiske prinsipper for kretsløpsjordbruk er det mulig å redusere overskuddet av plantenæringsstoffer og samtidig redusere utslippene av klimagasser. Studien er gjort som en del av prosjektet «Klimaregnskap for norsk landbruksproduksjon – kunnskapsstatus og vurdering av tiltak». Prosjektet ble finansiert av Stiftelse Eir.

This article focuses on the methodology developed in a mixed-method study situated in sparsely populated areas in Sweden within a project that aims at investigating the role of language in place-making and in relation to various groups. These areas have a rich history of multilingualism as well as a more recent influx of multilingualism - the former usually in the form of Indigenous Sámi language and national minority languages; the latter being for example tourism from many parts of the world or refugees. The article discusses a mixed-methods approach that includes textual and numerical data, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis. Register data is both used to select sites for investigation and for the interpretation of the data. The article further focuses on coding and categorizing signs for linguistic code, status, space and function as well as some on methodological issues and challenges that have occurred along the process., The language of place-making. A mixed-method analysis of linguistic landscapes

Formålet med studien var å undersøke muligheter for en bærekraftig matforsyning med søkelys på næringsbalanse og klima. Det ble utført næringsbalanseberegninger og vurderinger av klimakonsekvenser på bakgrunn av registreringer av drifta på Fokhol Gård i årene 2014-2017. Den norske utgaven av rapporten omfatter de viktigste funnene fra Fokhol Gård, sett i sammenheng med norsk jordbruk. Resultatene viser at ved å tilpasse drifta til grunnleggende økologiske prinsipper for kretsløpsjordbruk er det mulig å redusere overskuddet av plantenæringsstoffer og samtidig redusere utslippene av klimagasser. Studien er gjort som en del av prosjektet «Klimaregnskap for norsk landbruksproduksjon – kunnskapsstatus og vurdering av tiltak». Prosjektet ble finansiert av Stiftelse Eir.

Formålet med studien var å undersøke muligheter for en bærekraftig matforsyning med søkelys på næringsbalanse og klima. Det ble utført næringsbalanseberegninger og vurderinger av klimakonsekvenser på bakgrunn av registreringer av drifta på Fokhol Gård i årene 2014-2017. Den norske utgaven av rapporten omfatter de viktigste funnene fra Fokhol Gård, sett i sammenheng med norsk jordbruk. Resultatene viser at ved å tilpasse drifta til grunnleggende økologiske prinsipper for kretsløpsjordbruk er det mulig å redusere overskuddet av plantenæringsstoffer og samtidig redusere utslippene av klimagasser. Studien er gjort som en del av prosjektet «Klimaregnskap for norsk landbruksproduksjon – kunnskapsstatus og vurdering av tiltak». Prosjektet ble finansiert av Stiftelse Eir.

Formålet med studien var å undersøke muligheter for en bærekraftig matforsyning med søkelys på næringsbalanse og klima. Det ble utført næringsbalanseberegninger og vurderinger av klimakonsekvenser på bakgrunn av registreringer av drifta på Fokhol Gård i årene 2014-2017. Den norske utgaven av rapporten omfatter de viktigste funnene fra Fokhol Gård, sett i sammenheng med norsk jordbruk. Resultatene viser at ved å tilpasse drifta til grunnleggende økologiske prinsipper for kretsløpsjordbruk er det mulig å redusere overskuddet av plantenæringsstoffer og samtidig redusere utslippene av klimagasser. Studien er gjort som en del av prosjektet «Klimaregnskap for norsk landbruksproduksjon – kunnskapsstatus og vurdering av tiltak». Prosjektet ble finansiert av Stiftelse Eir.

Formålet med studien var å undersøke muligheter for en bærekraftig matforsyning med søkelys på næringsbalanse og klima. Det ble utført næringsbalanseberegninger og vurderinger av klimakonsekvenser på bakgrunn av registreringer av drifta på Fokhol Gård i årene 2014-2017. Den norske utgaven av rapporten omfatter de viktigste funnene fra Fokhol Gård, sett i sammenheng med norsk jordbruk. Resultatene viser at ved å tilpasse drifta til grunnleggende økologiske prinsipper for kretsløpsjordbruk er det mulig å redusere overskuddet av plantenæringsstoffer og samtidig redusere utslippene av klimagasser. Studien er gjort som en del av prosjektet «Klimaregnskap for norsk landbruksproduksjon – kunnskapsstatus og vurdering av tiltak». Prosjektet ble finansiert av Stiftelse Eir.

This article focuses on the methodology developed in a mixed-method study situated in sparsely populated areas in Sweden within a project that aims at investigating the role of language in place-making and in relation to various groups. These areas have a rich history of multilingualism as well as a more recent influx of multilingualism - the former usually in the form of Indigenous Sámi language and national minority languages; the latter being for example tourism from many parts of the world or refugees. The article discusses a mixed-methods approach that includes textual and numerical data, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis. Register data is both used to select sites for investigation and for the interpretation of the data. The article further focuses on coding and categorizing signs for linguistic code, status, space and function as well as some on methodological issues and challenges that have occurred along the process., The language of place-making. A mixed-method analysis of linguistic landscapes

The objective assessment of image quality (IQ) has been advocated for the analysis and optimization of medical imaging systems. One method of obtaining such IQ metrics is through a mathematical observer. The Bayesian ideal observer is optimal by definition for signal detection tasks, but is frequently both intractable and non-linear. As an alternative, linear observers are sometimes used for task-based image quality assessment. The optimal linear observer is the Hotelling observer (HO). The computational cost of calculating the HO increases with image size, making a reduction in the dimensionality of the data desirable. Channelized methods have become popular for this purpose, and many competing methods are available for computing efficient channels. In this work, a novel method for learning channels using an autoencoder (AE) is presented. AEs are a type of artificial neural network (ANN) that are frequently employed to learn concise representations of data to reduce dimensionality. Modifying the traditional AE loss function to focus on task-relevant information permits the development of efficient AE-channels. These AE-channels were trained and tested on a variety of signal shapes and backgrounds to evaluate their performance. In the experiments, the AE-learned channels were competitive with and frequently outperformed other state-of-the-art methods for approximating the HO. The performance gains were greatest for the datasets with a small number of training images and noisy estimates of the signal image. Overall, AEs are demonstrated to be competitive with state-of-the-art methods for generating efficient channels for the HO and can have superior performance on small datasets., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, submitted to IEEE-TMI