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Syftet med den vetenskapliga genomlysningen var att undersöka hur, varför och under vilka förutsättningar HVB-hemmet Avstampet i Norr uppnår sina behandlingsresultat. Studien fokuserade på den primärbehandling mot missbruk enligt tolvstegsprogrammet och Recovery Dynamics som bedrivs vid Avstampet. Behandlingen är drog- och medicinfri. Studiens design byggde på en programteoriansats med inslag av en måluppfyllelsemodell. Programteoriansatsen användes för att ta fram en lokal och verksamhetsspecifik teori som beskriver, och i viss mån förklarar, hur och varför Avstampet uppnår sina behandlingsresultat. Med hjälp av en måluppfyllelseanalys granskades verksamhetens avsedda och uppnådda mål. Studiens teoretiska referensram bestod av KAIMeR-teorin och den kontextuella modellen vid terapeutisk behandling. Studiens data bygger på tre fokusgruppsintervjuer med personalen som genomfördes under perioden september 2019 till februari 2020. Det övergripande resultat Avstampet eftersträvar är en långvarig stabil förändring och drogfrihet i klientens liv. Klienterna ska klara av motgångar och utmaningar utan att falla tillbaka i missbruk. I resultatbeskrivning kan man identifiera både kort- och långsiktiga resultat som kan ha en yt-, processuell- eller djupaspekt. Recovery Dynamics och manualbaserade insatser utgör centrala delar i behandlingen men kompletteras av informella och situationsanpassade insatser samt gruppinsatser. De informella insatserna baserar sig på medlevarskap och är oftast icke-uttalade. Fyra olika typer av informella insatser kunde identifieras: bemötande och omtanke, fysisk beröring, upplevelser och att agera pedagogiskt opedagogisk. Situationsanpassade insatser skräddarsys på basis av klienternas behov och de kan vara informella eller formella. Gruppinsatser grundar sig i den manualbaserade behandlingen där användningen av gruppsessioner är ett uttalat inslag. I behandlingen ingår utomterapeutiska faktorer, dvs. behandlingselement som sker utanför Avstampe

Reducing the environmental and climate impact of shipping propelled by liquefied natural gas (LNG) requires the introduction of alternative fuels such as liquid biogas/biomethane (LBG) (Jivén et al., 2022). Today, only a small part of the biomethane produced in Sweden is liquefied into LBG and an even smaller part is used as fuel for shipping. The price and availability of biogas is governed by supply and demand in an international market where shipping, industry and heavy trucks demand biogas. The biogas then needs to be processed into upgraded biogas (biomethane) or LBG quality in order to be transported and used in the respective sectors inside and outside of Sweden. The trend is for a larger proportion of biogas to be liquefied into LBG. The market has thus gone from a local market, where biogas was produced in the city's wastewater treatment plant and the city buses ran on biogas, to an international market where biogas often is transported in the same way as fossil gas and marketed using the fossil gas together with certificates. The project "Renewable liquid biogas (LBG) for shipping in practice" was carried out by IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute and RISE in 2023 together with stakeholders from the shipping sector, ports and industry organizations for biogas. The project has studied the conditions required to make LBG available to shipping in practice at Swedish ports. The study shows that the major obstacles to an established use of LBG in the shipping sector in Sweden today are pricing/willingness to pay that is affected by international market prices, lack of suitable logistical solutions as well as the absence of the piece of the puzzle that is the business model and cooperation needed to make available the large volumes of biogas that shipping may demand. The stakeholders in the project estimate their total need of biogas to 3 TWh in a short term, and 10 TWh in a longer term. The project has identified a number of conclusions and recommendat, En förstudie utförd inom Trafikverkets branschprogramHållbar sjöfart som drivs av Lighthouse. I samarbete medGöteborgs Hamn, Gävle Hamn, Terntank, Furetank, Biogas Syd, Biogas Sydost, Energigas Sverige, Wallenius Sol och Wallenius Marine.

Autophagy is a degradational pathway with pivotal roles in cellular homeostasis and survival, including protection of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). The significance of autophagy as antiviral defense mechanism is recognized and some viruses hijack and modulate this process to their advantage in certain cell types. Here, we present data demonstrating that the human neurotropic herpesvirus varicella zoster virus (VZV) induces autophagy in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, in which the pathway exerts antiviral activity. Productively VZV-infected SH-SY5Y cells showed increased LC3-I-LC3-II conversion as well as co-localization of the viral glycoprotein E and the autophagy receptor p62. The activation of autophagy was dependent on a functional viral genome. Interestingly, inducers of autophagy reduced viral transcription, whereas inhibition of autophagy increased viral transcript expression. Finally, the genotype of patients with severe ocular and brain VZV infection were analyzed to identify potential autophagy-associated inborn errors of immunity. Two patients expressing genetic variants in the autophagy genes ULK1 and MAP1LC3B2, respectively, were identified. Notably, cells of both patients showed reduced autophagy, alongside enhanced viral replication and death of VZV-infected cells. In conclusion, these results demonstrate a neuro-protective role for autophagy in the context of VZV infection and suggest that failure to mount an autophagy response is a potential predisposing factor for development of severe VZV disease.

Bakgrund: ​​Män världen över är överrepresenterade i statistiken över ​fullbordade suicid. Män söker sällan vård för suicidala tankar och vården har stora utmaningar i mötet med dessa. Sjuksköterskans bemötande kan ha en betydande roll i huruvida dessa män tar emot vårdens hjälp eller ej. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva mäns erfarenheter av att söka hjälp vid suicidtankar. Metod: En litteraturöversikt gjordes bestående av tio vetenskapliga artiklar av kvalitativ och mixad metod. Artiklarna söktes fram i databaserna Cinahl Complete, PubMED och PsycINFO. Tematiseringen i dataanalysen baserades på likheter mellan artiklarnas resultat. Resultat: Utifrån litteraturöversikten kunde tre huvudteman utrönas. Det första temat; Den tysta bördan: Maskulinitet och det dolda lidandet, berör männens bild av maskulinitet och hur den kan utgöra ett hinder för männen att söka hjälp. Det andra temat; Kommunikationsklyftan: Mäns tystnad och vårdens bristande lyhördhet, behandlar erfarenheter av möten med vården som männen rapporterade i artiklarna och vilka hinder dessa erfarenheter utgjorde för vård. Det tredje temat; Från tystnad till frihet: Mäns resa mot att öppna upp sig, lyfter de erfarenheter där vården eller personer i männens närhet lyckas nå fram med det stöd de behövde. Slutsats: ​​Män med suicidtankar stöter på hinder i sin resa mot att få hjälp, mestadels relaterade till deras självbild och normer kring maskulinitet samt brister i vården. När de dock upplever genuin kontakt och tillit, antingen privat eller i vården, ökar chanserna för återhämtning. Sjuksköterskor spelar en viktig roll genom att använda ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt för att nå individen bakom suicidtankarna och tillgodose deras behov för att främja hälsa.​, Background: Men worldwide are overrepresented in statistics on completed suicide. At the same time, women report more frequent suicide attempts and self-harming behavior. Men rarely seek care for suicidal thoughts, and healthcare faces significant challenges in dealing with them. The nurse's approach can play a significant role in whether these men accept the help of healthcare or not. Aim: The aim was to describe men's experiences of help-seeking for suicidal thoughts. Method: A literature review was conducted consisting of ten scientific articles of qualitative and mixed method. The articles were retrieved from the databases Cinahl Complete, PubMed, and PsycINFO. The thematic analysis in data analysis was based on similarities between the results of the articles. Results: Based on the literature review, three main themes emerged. The first theme; The silent burden: Masculinity and the hidden suffering, addresses men's perception of masculinity and how it can hinder them from seeking help. The second theme; The communication gap: Men's silence and healthcare's lack of responsiveness, discusses the experiences of men in their interactions with healthcare professionals as reported in the articles and the obstacles these experiences posed to receiving care. The third theme; From silence to freedom: Men's journey to opening up, highlights experiences where healthcare or individuals in the men's surroundings successfully provided the support they needed. Conclusions: ​​Men experiencing suicidal thoughts encounter obstacles in their help-seeking journey, mainly related to their self-image and norms surrounding masculinity, as well as shortcomings in healthcare. However, when they experience genuine connection and trust, either privately or within healthcare settings, the chances of recovery increase. Nurses play a crucial role by employing a person-centered approach to reach the individual behind the suicidal thoughts and meet their needs to promote health.​

Improving sustainability performance and adapting to circular economy principles in operational business strategies are becoming increasingly prioritized. In this pursuit, the concept of industrial symbiosis (IS) has become increasingly relevant. IS represents a collaborative approach where the interplay of material, residual waste, energy, and infrastructure exchanges aims to yield not only economic and environmental advantages for the participating companies but also substantial societal benefits by using resources more efficiently. Biogas production is such an example, it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions since it can produce heat and electricity, replace renewable fuel for vehicles, or be used as input material for industrial use. The digestate from biogas production can also be used as an effective agricultural fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizers which are produced using fossil energy. Digital tools and platforms in IS can be used to different extent depending on businesses levels of digital maturity (the extent to which businesses adapt to ongoing digital change and integrate digitalization). Digital tools and platforms hold a central role for developing various advantages in biogas-based IS, but since the digital maturity for IS focusing on biogas production is uncertain, the current efficiency obtained by tools and platforms is unknown. Therefore, through semi-structured interviews and study visits, this study assesses stakeholder collaboration and use of digital tools at five IS sites with biogas production in Sweden. It explores (i) current digital maturity and collaboration characteristics amongst established biogas-based IS, and (ii) needs amongst stakeholders for development of digital tools and platforms to promote digital maturity, monitoring, collaboration, and knowledge exchange in current and future IS structures. Preliminary results of the on-going study show that the use of digital tools varies depending on the character and size of reso

This study introduces a novel systematic approach to address the challenge of labeled data scarcity for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) in District Heating (DH) systems. To replicate real-world DH fault scenarios, we have created a controlled laboratory emulation of a generic DH substation integrated with a climate chamber. Furthermore, we present an FDD pipeline using an isolation forest and a one-class support vector machine for fault detection alongside a random forest and a support vector machine for fault diagnosis. Our research analyzed the impact of data sampling frequencies on the FDD models, revealing that shorter intervals, such as 1-min and 5-min, significantly improve FDD performance. We provide detailed information on six scenarios, including normal operation, a minor valve leak, a valve leak, a stuck valve, a high heat curve, and a temperature sensor deviation. For each scenario, we present their signature, quantifying their unique behavior and providing deeper insights into the operational implications. The signatures suggest that, while variable, faults have a consistent pattern seen in the generic DH substation. While this work contributes directly to the DH field, our methodology also extends its applicability to a broader context where labeled data is scarce. © 2024 The Authors

Aim: Type 2 diabetes is becoming more prevalent in many parts of the world. Malmö's population has increased in recent years mainly because of migration from other parts of Sweden and the world in addition to increased birth rates. We aimed to explore diabetes prevalence in Malmö in 2011-2018 as well as the achieved treatment targets for selected diabetes-related outcomes. Method: The current study is a part of the Cities Changing Diabetes Malmö project. Prevalence data were retrieved from the region's primary care and hospital diagnosis register, and data on treatment targets were collected from the National Diabetes Register. The inclusion criteria were either being a resident of Malmö or using a primary healthcare centre located in Malmö. Results: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in 2018 doubled from 2011 in the entire Malmö population. During the same period, the prevalence of type 1 diabetes remained stable at 0.49 %. In 2011, the type 2 diabetes prevalence was 2.46 % (2.76 % for males and 2.28 % for females), and in 2018, it was 4.26 % (4.84 % for males and 3.82 % for females). The increase was 139 % for residents aged 0-29 years, 119.6 % for residents aged 30-39 years, 96.2 % for residents aged 40-49 years, 102 % for residents aged 50-59 years, 98.2 % for residents aged 60-69 years, and 115.5 % for those aged 70-79 years. Finally, the increase was 60.9 % for those aged 80-84 years and 90.7 % for residents 90 years of age and older. The National Diabetes Register reported that during 2019, 58 % of all patients with diabetes using primary care in Malmö reached HbA1c <52 mmol/mol, 20 % had albuminuria, 36 % had retinopathy, and 21 % had not had their feet inspected by a healthcare professional during the last year. The median HbA1c was 52.6 mmol/mol, and 17 % were registered as active smokers. Conclusion: Diabetes prevalence in Malmö has increased markedly in recent years, exacerbated by a rise in type 2 diabetes mainly in the younger population. Targets reg

This study investigates the potential of Mixed Reality (MR) in the manual assembly processes and conducts a case study at a pump manufacturing plant in Sweden. An MR solution is developed to assist operators through visual instructions and guiding aides. The solution also captures the operator's motions using advanced hand and eye tracking features for real-time guidance and accurate time measurement. The proposed MR solution uses the build feature of HoLolens and a workstation editor, which facilitates the use of the solution in diverse assembly environments. The results of the experiments show that the developed MR solution can improve operator support, reduce errors, and enhance the overall efficiency of manual assembly processes. Moreover, it is shown to be an efficient tool for time measurement of the manual assembly process that has promising potential to replace sophisticated and time-consuming traditional time study methods., CC BY-NC-ND 4.0© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)Correspondence Address: M. Fathi; Division of Intelligent Production Systems, School of Engineering Science, University of Skövde, Skövde, 54128, Sweden; email: masood.fathi@his.seThe authors would like to thank the Knowledge Foundation (KKS), Sweden, for their financial support through the ACCURATE 4.0 project, under grant agreement No. 20200181. We also wish to extend our appreciation to the industrial partner of the project, Xylem Water Solutions Sweden AB. Their collaboration, expertise, and invaluable insights have significantly contributed to this study., ACCURATE 4.0

Background: Forest geneticists typically use provenances to account for population differences in their improvement schemes; however, the historical records of the imported materials might not be very precise or well-aligned with the genetic clusters derived from advanced molecular techniques. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of marker-based population structure on genetic parameter estimates related to growth and wood properties and their trade-offs in Norway spruce, by either incorporating it as a fixed effect (model-A) or excluding it entirely from the analysis (model-B). Results: Our results indicate that models incorporating population structure significantly reduce estimates of additive genetic variance, resulting in substantial reduction of narrow-sense heritability. However, these models considerably improve prediction accuracies. This was particularly significant for growth and solid-wood properties, which showed to have the highest population genetic differentiation (QST) among the studied traits. Additionally, although the pattern of correlations remained similar across the models, their magnitude was slightly lower for models that included population structure as a fixed effect. This suggests that selection, consistently performed within populations, might be less affected by unfavourable genetic correlations compared to mass selection conducted without pedigree restrictions. Conclusion: We conclude that the results of models properly accounting for population structure are more accurate and less biased compared to those neglecting this effect. This might have practical implications for breeders and forest managers where, decisions based on imprecise selections can pose a high risk to economic efficiency., This study was funded by the EU project Assess4EST under ForestValue with grant number Forestvalue_JC2021_JES_087

We present a method, including tool support, for bibliometric mining of trends in large and dynamic research areas. The method is applied to the machine learning research area for the years 2013 to 2022. A total number of 398,782 documents from Scopus were analyzed. A taxonomy containing 26 research directions within machine learning was defined by four experts with the help of a Python program and existing taxonomies. The trends in terms of productivity, growth rate, and citations were analyzed for the research directions in the taxonomy. Our results show that the two directions, Applications and Algorithms, are the largest, and that the direction Convolutional Neural Networks is the one that grows the fastest and has the highest average number of citations per document. It also turns out that there is a clear correlation between the growth rate and the average number of citations per document, i.e., documents in fast-growing research directions have more citations. The trends for machine learning research in four geographic regions (North America, Europe, the BRICS countries, and The Rest of the World) were also analyzed. The number of documents during the time period considered is approximately the same for all regions. BRICS has the highest growth rate, and, on average, North America has the highest number of citations per document. Using our tool and method, we expect that one could perform a similar study in some other large and dynamic research area in a relatively short time.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the school principal's role in promoting physical activity for inactive children in school settings.Design: Exploratory qualitative interview study.Setting: The study was conducted in seven elementary schools in central Sweden.Method: Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with eight school principals. Theories of bioecology and teacher agency informed the study and shed light on the environmental factors and resources affecting school principals' efforts to promote physical activity for inactive children.Result: The most common strategy school principals described was to delegate responsibility for planning organised activities to dedicated school personnel working with the children. In their leadership role, principals described having the power and opportunity to recruit school personnel with positive attitudes towards promoting physical activity, which likely increases inactive children's opportunities to engage in PA.Conclusion: When provided the adequate resources, and by virtue of their management position within the school, principals have the opportunity to make a difference to promote PA for inactive children. Delegating responsibility to school personnel may however create unequal PA opportunities, and if there are no initiators dedicated to this work, inactive children may be left out of PA opportunities in school.

Music is present in every known society but varies from place to place. What, if anything, is universal to music cognition? We measured a signature of mental representations of rhythm in 39 participant groups in 15 countries, spanning urban societies and Indigenous populations. Listeners reproduced random ‘seed’ rhythms; their reproductions were fed back as the stimulus (as in the game of ‘telephone’), such that their biases (the prior) could be estimated from the distribution of reproductions. Every tested group showed a sparse prior with peaks at integer-ratio rhythms. However, the importance of different integer ratios varied across groups, often reflecting local musical practices. Our results suggest a common feature of music cognition: discrete rhythm ‘categories’ at small-integer ratios. These discrete representations plausibly stabilize musical systems in the face of cultural transmission but interact with culture-specific traditions to yield the diversity that is evident when mental representations are probed across many cultures., QC 20240722

Domain-Specific Hardware Accelerators (DSHA) are natural components in the evolution of general computers. However, designing and simulating hardware in Hardware Description Languages (HDL) often requires more effort for the developers and might not be suitable in all scenarios, which makes high-level language-based software simulators for computer hardware attractive. Yet, choosing which simulation framework to use can be challenging due to the lack of comparative studies of high-level language-based simulators. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of state-of-the-art simulation frameworks that simulate computer hardware in high-level languages like C++. The contemporary simulators used in this study were selected from the 79 articles introducing novel AI accelerators referenced in our previous survey. We have identified six simulators that are suitable for AI accelerator evaluation, and provide a deeper analysis of three of them. © 2024 IEEE.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka om kunskap om AI korrelerar med attityder till AI på arbetsplatsen och arbetsmiljöstress. AI, Artificiell Intelligens, är en samling teknologiska innovationer som snabbt har spridits de senaste åren vars mål är att skapa intelligenta och dynamiska datorprogram. Ett bra exempel på AI är ChatGPT. Forskarna i den här studien tycker det är viktigt att undersöka AI:s effekt på arbetsplatser enligt anställda, eftersom arbetslivet är ett fält där AI kan ha stor effekt. Metoden som använts är en kvantitativ enkätstudie, där online enkäter användes. Urvalet består av 77 anställda från en bred grupp av arbetsplatser med en medelålder på 41 år. Tidigare forskning visar att ökad kunskap om AI kan leda till en positivare attityd till AI samt minskad arbetsmiljöstress. Den här studien kom fram till samma resultat, och båda hypoteserna behålls., The purpose of this study is to examine whether knowledge about AI correlates with attitudes to AI in the workplace and work-related stress. AI, Artificial intelligence, is a collection of technological innovations that has spread quickly the last couple of years and the goals of which are to create intelligent and dynamic computer programs. A good example is ChatGPT. The authors of this study consider it important to study the effects of AI on workplaces, as this is an area where AI could have potentially significant effects. This study uses a quantitative survey, and online surveys were used. The participants are 77 workers from a wide group of workplaces with a mean age of 41 years. Previous research has shown that increased knowledge of AI can lead to more positive attitudes towards AI and less workplace stress related to AI. This study reached the same conclusion, and all hypotheses are kept.

Based on the notion of implosions and explosion by Henri Lefebvre, we need to challenge the the way we plan our cities when it comes to pushing out infrastructural support systems and industries to the edges of the city as this creates industrialized landscapes and the ongoing tendencies of core-periphery polarization. Älvsjömässan in Stockholm is the city’s official exhibition hall and has accommodated hundreds of exhibitions and fairs over the years since its opening in 1971. As the city grows bigger and beyond its former edges buildings like Stockholmsmässan and other infrastructural dwellings are the ones being removed and replaced. As the municipality has plans to tear down mässan and make new residential blocks we risk losing a very unique building in the urban fabric of Stockholm. By pushing out what is there and replacing it with more of the same cities are facing the creation of typological mono-cultures where only a few functions can exist at once. Stockholmsmässan’s qualities of size and mass give great opportunity to implement new, unexpected mixes of functions where different programs and activities can come together to provide for each other. In an attempt to re-programme the extra large (XL) typology, mässan is used as an example of how this could be done. By looking at the needs of the growing city, the surrounding urban context and issues of climate changes faced in Stockholm this project seeks to use a redesign of the building as a way to activate the area and make space for the infrastructural systems and productions that are otherwise hidden in the city's edges. Taking a stance against over-demolition and REPURPOSING rather than REPLACING. In this way, dwellings that are doomed to vanish can be used as the framework for making essential functions being brought back into the urban. Four scenarios were chosen to represent essential functions of urban life and the area of Älvsjö. These scenarios explore how such a function can be designed in the co

This thesis is based on the outcome of the Super League case, where the European Court of Justice issued a primary ruling indicating that the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) will transition from a monopolistic market to a competitive one, thereby becoming the dominant player. This development creates a clash between article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) regarding exclusionary abuse and article 16 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU) on the freedom to conduct a business. The thesis investigates whether there is a relationship between article 102 TFEU exclusionary abuse and defensive marketing strategies. It aims to identify which defensive marketing strategies could serve as tools to address and fill the legal "gap" that has emerged, through two research questions: RQ1: Which legal criteria are relevant to attain/sustain the lawfulness of a defensive marketing strategy implemented by a dominant player? RQ2: What defensive marketing strategy can a dominant player implement to remain lawful? To answer these questions, the thesis employed the forensic method, an interdisciplinary research approach that bridges business and legal sciences. The method involves comparing and synthesising information from both fields. The research begun with establishing lex lata, this was done by systematising by examing of legal sources, including primary law, secondary law, legal doctrine, and case law. Through the forensic method, the thesis abstracted key information from the legal sources to create a theoretical framework, consisting of three tests, which were then used to analyse and integrate three defensive marketing programs: partnering programs, one-to-one marketing programs, and continuity programs, derived from a scientific article by Rosário and Casaca. The thesis concluded that the most relevant criteria from a legal perspective was the duration of a reward scheme, considering both time and frequ

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of exchange rate and its volatility on bilateral trade between Sweden and Germany. Employing an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and utilizing the bounds testing approach first introduced by Pesaran et al. (2001), I examine both short- and long-run effects. Existing literature lacks consensus on this matter, with some suggesting that exchange rate volatility dampens trade, indicating risk-averse behavior among producers who reduce their involvement in international trade as volatility increases. Conversely, others argue that the effect of increased exchange rate volatility on trade can vary, depending on the underlying causes. The findings indicate that exchange rate volatility has a statistically significant negative short-run effect on trade between Sweden and Germany across certain categories of goods. Moreover, this short-run impact lasts in the long run, with 30 percent of traded goods experiencing a decrease as exchange rate volatility rises. In terms of the exchange rate, the short-run results suggest the presence of the J-curve phenomenon within one category, although most results are not statistically significant. However, the long-run impact of exchange rate volatility is more evident, suggesting that a real depreciation of the Krona against the Euro leads to increased Swedish exports and decreased imports from Germany.

The current study has aimed, through a qualitative approach, to provide a deeper understanding of adolescent boys' perceptions of content on social media revolving around other people's successes. Particularly, the study has focused on the concept of Hustle-Culture to describe idealized portrayals of success on social media. By exploring how adolescent boys identify, describe and relate to Hustle-Culture on social media, the results have shown that content related to Hustle-Culture is common among the interviewed respondents. Additionally, the results indicate that the respondents, through their own descriptions, adopt a critical stance towards content associated with Hustle-Culture. The findings of the study underscore the importance of future research in the realm of social media's impact on adolescent boys, possibly needing to focus on norms surrounding success and career choices., Den aktuella studien har genom ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt försökt att bidra med en djupare förståelse kring unga killar i gymnasieålderns uppfattningar om innehåll på sociala medier som kretsar kring andra människors framgångar. Särskilt fokus har inom studien varit på begreppet Hustle-kultur för att beskriva idealiserade porträtteringar av framgångar på sociala medier. Genom att undersöka hur unga killar identifierar, beskriver och förhåller sig till Hustle-kultur på sociala medier, visade resultatet att innehåll kopplat till Hustle-kultur är vanligt förekommande bland de respondenter som intervjuats. Resultatet visar även att respondenterna, genom egna beskrivningar, förhåller sig kritiskt till innehåll kopplat till Hustle-kultur. Studiens resultat framhäver vikten av att framtida forskning inom området för sociala mediers påverkan på unga killar, möjligtvis behöver rikta fokus mot normer som kretsar kring framgångar och karriärsval.

Are candidates from underrepresented demographics in politics held to ahigher standard in candidate selection processes? We explore whetherwomen, youths, and immigrants are required to demonstrate a greatercommitment to the party line to be deemed suitable for office. Our focus isspecifically on loyalty to the party line, a key selection criterion in mostpolitical systems. We analyze data from an original conjoint experimentinvolving 1,300 party selectors from six major political parties in Sweden,along with validated roll-call voting records and renomination data for allSwedish MPs elected between 2002 and 2022. Our findings suggest thatSwedish party selectors do not demand greater loyalty from candidatesbelonging to political outgroups. On the contrary, equally loyal outgroupcandidates are at least as appealing to party selectors as their ingroupcounterparts, if not more so. This result contributes to debates on politicalrepresentation and party politics and may also be of interest to practitionersfocused on minority empowerment.

One of the studies that influenced US policies on race and integration the most after the second world war is Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma from 1944. At the time of publication, it received much praise from leading intellectuals, including W. E. B. Du Bois and the novelist Richard Wright. In this article, however, the author explores a neglected Marxist critique of Myrdal's work by Raya Dunayevskaya, who then worked closely with C. L. R. James and Grace Lee Boggs in the Johnson-Forest Tendency (JFT). In addition to criticising Myrdal's liberal position, the JFT developed a critique of class reductionist Marxists. Hence, this article examines the JFT's critique of Myrdal's An American Dilemma as a resource to advance further Marxist debates on the relationship between race and class today.

Purpose – Despite increasing focus among scholars and practitioners on the design of product-services systems (PSS), there exists no compilation of current knowledge on the role played by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in designing such systems. Thus, this paper sets out to identify and organise the existing research and suggest questions for future research. Design/methodology/approach—A systematic literature review was performed to identify and provide in-depth details on key themes in the literature addressing the design of PSS in SMEs. Findings – This paper identifies five themes in the literature on the design of PSS in SMEs: motives, challenges, SME characteristics, methods and digitalisation. The themes are interrelated, and SME characteristics seem to beat the core as they are related to all the other themes. Gaps in the current knowledge are identified, and questions for future research are suggested. Originality/value – The suggestions for future research provide a starting point for expanding the research on PSS design and devising practical support for SMEs.

Transition probabilities have been measured between the low-lying yrast states in ¹⁷⁵Au by employing the recoil distance Doppler-shift method combined with the selective recoil-decay tagging technique. Reduced transition probabilities and magnitudes of transition quadrupole moments have been extracted from measured lifetimes allowing dramatic changes in nuclear structure within a low excitation-energy range to probed. The transition quadrupole moment data are discussed in terms of available systematics as a function of atomic number and aligned angular momentum.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur olika föreställningar kring ålder och åldrande ser ut bland kvinnor i trettioårsåldern i Stockholm. Uppsatsen baseras på fyra stycken intervjuer som har analyserats med hjälp av teorier och begrepp som performativitet och livsmanus. Resultatet visar på att ålder ges mening genom interaktion, handlingar och ord samt att informanterna uppfattar ett livsmanus, men förhåller sig på olika sätt till det. Att avvika från livsmanuset kan få konsekvenser och hur stora de blir beror på vilka sammanhang man befinner sig i. Det kan även leda till stress och ångest hos den egna individen, men behöver inte nödvändigtvis vara så. Hur man själv och andra uppfattar ens egen ålder kan påverkas av sammanhang, situation och livsstil. Det framkom även föreställningar om tjugoårsåldern som en fri och tillåtande period som till skillnad från trettioårsåldern kommer utan en förväntan på att fatta några större beslut, agera ansvarsfullt och “veta”. Resultatet visar även på att ansvar förväntas öka i takt med åldern samt en komplexitet i att åldrande både kan förknippas med förfall och förlust samtidigt som utveckling och ökad erfarenhet.

Colorectal cancer was the second most deadly and third most common cancer globally in 2020. In Sweden, more than 5,000 new colonic cancer cases and more than 2,000 rectalcancer cases were reported in 2021, making colorectal cancer the third most common in Sweden (excluding skin malignancies). Anastomotic leakage after colorectal cancer surgery is a feared complication that confers substantial morbidity, including a higher risk of permanent stoma and cardiovascular morbidity, but can also impart an increased risk of recurrence and mortality; the reason why leakage might cause this is not established. Perioperative inflammation including upregulation of cyclooxygenase-enzymes, which is further increased by anastomotic leakage, can possibly modulate both anastomotic healing as well as impact minimal residual disease. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) act by inhibiting COX-enzymes and can be part of a postoperative multimodal analgesia protocol. However, their postoperative use has been debated, with fears of NSAIDs possibly increasing anastomotic leakage rates. Study I was a retrospective cohort study on 1,341 patients who had undergone anterior resection for rectal cancer. Exposure was at least two days with NSAIDs during the first postoperative week, and the primary outcome was recurrence-free survival. A Cox regression model could not demonstrate a significant association with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79–1.33) and neither did a propensity score-matched analysis. An instrumental variable analysis displayed a tentative improvement in recurrence-free survival in the NSAID-exposed (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.38–0.99), but the core assumptions to perform such an analysis were not fully satisfied. Study II was a protocol-based retrospective cohort study with a total of 6,945 patients resected for colorectal cancer with a primary anastomosis formed. NSAID-exposure was determined by each individual hospital’s postoperative analgesia p

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of thousands of highly persistent anthropogenic chemicals widely used in many industries. Therefore, they are, ubiquitously present in various types of environments. Despite their omnipresence, ecotoxicological studies of most PFAS are scarce, and those available often assess the effects of long chain PFAS. In this study, we present the results of an exposure experiment in which wild aquatic amphipod Gammarus spp. was exposed to the short chain perfluorinated substance perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) at very low and environmentally relevant concentrations of 0, 10 and 100 ng/L. The exposure lasted for 12 days, and food intake and non-reproductive behavior were analyzed. Exposure to 10 and 100 ng/L PFBA resulted in a lower consumption of food during exposure but no effect on behavior was found.

Here we present a novel routing protocol HDARP+ for airborne tactical networks that use directional antennas. HDARP+ extends the existing protocol HDARP (Hostile-Direction Aware Routing Protocol) by reducing the risk for detection by adversary aircraft even further. Compared to HDARP, the extension in HDARP+ introduces dynamic Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding. The FEC code is dynamic in the sense that different FEC codes, or no FEC code, will be used depending on the relative position of the receiver and adversary aircraft. We evaluate three different Reed-Solomon FEC codes based on three criteria: the ability to transmit in the presence of adversaries without being detected, the reduction of the effective communication bandwidth, and the implementation cost in terms of the sizes of lookup tables for encoding and decoding. We argue that (variations of) HDARP+ will be implemented in future airborne tactical networks. This paper was originally presented at the NATO Science and Technology Organization Symposium (ICMCIS) organized by the Information Systems Technology (IST) Panel, IST-205-RSY - the ICMCIS, held in Koblenz, Germany, 23-24 April 2024. © 2024 IEEE., Riktad COM & EW via Digital multikanal AESA

Klimatförändringarna förväntas förvärra processerna med ras, skred, erosion och översvämning. Detta riskerar i sin tur att påverka människors hälsa, infrastruktur, samhällsviktiga funktioner, natur- och kulturvärden med stora ekologiska, sociala och ekonomiska konsekvenser som följd. I det här sammanhanget har vegetation som naturbaserad lösning potential att minska konsekvenserna i en del av dessa fall. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur kommuner arbetar med naturbaserade lösningar för att minska påverkan från ras, skred, erosion och översvämning. Vidare undersöks vad kommunerna önskar för att öka användningen av naturbaserade lösningar. Resultaten visar att kommuner är positiva till att arbeta med naturbaserade lösningar som skydd mot ras, skred, erosion och översvämning. Ungefär hälften av de svarande kommunerna uppger att de redan gör det. Det framkommer att kommunerna efterlyser underlag som kan användas vid utformning, upphandling och skötsel av dessa lösningar. Vem som har ansvaret för att samla information och utforma underlag för utformning av naturbaserade lösningar kan dock diskuteras. I sammanhanget krävs investering i kunskap både hos myndigheter och kommuner. Det ligger i kommunernas intresse att erhålla den spetskompetens som behövs för att anpassa de naturbaserade lösningarna efter specifika platser i den utsträckning som behövs för att de ska fylla sin funktion och hålla över tid., Climate change is expected to worsen the processes of rock fall, landslides, erosion and flooding. This in turn risks affecting people's health, infrastructure, socially important functions, natural and cultural values with major ecological, social and economic consequences as a result. In this context, vegetation as a nature-based solution has the potential to reduce the consequences in some of these cases. This study aims to investigate how municipalities work with nature-based solutions to reduce the impact of rock falls, landslides, erosion and flooding. Furthermore, what the municipalities require to increase the use of nature-based solutions is investigated. The results show that municipalities have a positive view on working with nature-based solutions as protection against rock fall, landslides, erosion and flooding. Approximately half of the responding municipalities state that they already do so. It appears that the municipalities require guidance that can be used in the design, procurement and management of these solutions. Who is responsible for gathering information and designing the basis for nature-based solutions can be discussed. In this context, investment in knowledge is required both by authorities and municipalities. It is in the municipalities' interest to acquire the expertise needed to be able to adapt the nature-based solutions to specific locations to the extent necessary for them to fulfill their function and last over time.

The small modular reactor (SMR) NuScale has been modelled in the framework of the EURATOM McSAFER project. The main objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of a coupled approach using a thermal-hydraulic system code (ATHLET), a 3-D reactor dynamics code (DYN3D) and a CFD software (TrioCFD) to model the whole primary coolant loop and large parts of the secondary side of the plant, including the downcomer-integrated, helical-coiled steam generators (SG) and the decay heat removal system (DHRS). The 3-D neutronic calculation of the reactor core was performed with a cross-section library developed with Serpent, and the coolant flow in the downcomer and lower plenum of the pressure vessel was analyzed by CFD. A double-ended, non-isolatable steam line break sequence served as a test case for the code coupling. Simulation results at steady-state show agreement with the reference values from the Design certification Application (DCA) report. The transient simulation shows that the rapid depressurization and boil-off with high steam rates towards the break lead to enhanced primary-to-secondary heat removal. However, the symmetrical arrangement of SGs in the NuScale reactor limits the coolant temperature reduction at the core inlet to prevent a possible power excursion which highlights the inherent safety of this reactor design.

Uppsatsen belyser förekomst av och egenskaper i en tystnadskultur i samband med anmälningar av sexuella övergrepp inom dövvärlden, med särskild fokus på individer inom denna gemenskap vars primära kommunikationsmedel är teckenspråk. Syftet med uppsatsen är att illustrera komplexiteten för döva individer när det gäller att rapportera sexuella övergrepp inom dövvärlden, vilket påverkas av olika aspekter. Undersökningen genomfördes med en kombination av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder. Empiriska data samlades in genom en enkät och intervjuer med fyra olika individer, där deras erfarenheter av att rapportera eller avstå från att rapportera inom dövvärlden utforskades. Uppsatsens teoretiska ramverk bygger på fyra teorier för att fånga upp olika faktorer och förklaringar till existensen av tystnadskulturen. Dessa teorier inkluderar neutraliseringstekniker enligt Sykes och Matza, symbolisk interaktionism baserat på Herbert Blumers perspektiv, Scheffs teori om skam och social kontroll, samt en teori om social kontroll i små samhällen. Enligt resultaten från enkäten framkom att individer inom dövvärlden erfar en omfattande tystnadskultur och att det finns komplexa hinder för att anmäla en döv förövare. De mest framträdande faktorerna som hindrar anmälan inkluderar rädsla för ryktesspridning, förövarens synlighet i dövvärlden och skam. Analysen av intervjuerna påvisade liknande resultat, där individer beskrev rädsla för ryktesspridning och skam som hinder för att genomföra en anmälan, länkat till stark kontroll inom den här minoritetsgruppen. Intervjupersonerna beskrev även avgörande skillnader beroende på om förövaren var döv eller hörande. I de fall där förövaren var döv, upplevde offren en högre grad av social kontroll, vilket tycks ge upphov till rädsla och därmed påverka tystnadskulturens karaktär och existens.

Exploring Sara Lidman’s novel Jag och min son (1961,1963), this article delves into its nuanced intersection of motherhood and colonialism. The narrative scrutinizes Sweden’s role in the colonial system, with a particular focus on the South African apartheid regime. Through the lens of a Swedish single father navigating Johannesburg in pursuit of personal enrichment, the story highlights his strained relationship to several mother figures, unraveling complex threads that intertwine parenthood, colonial structures, and whiteness. Using the theoretical framework of motherhood studies, such as the concept of the other-mother, the analysis seeks to unveil the intricate capitalist dynamics of familial relationships within the context of international power hierarchies. These themes in Lidman’s works would only grow stronger in the years to come, and by examining Jag och min son, these early tendencies in Lidman’s writing are illuminated.

Objective: The working life is expanding with increased retirement ages as the population is aging, in Sweden but in also other parts of the world. However, workers with poor health might not cope with working in higher ages. Two of the world’s most common causes of death, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are partly due to exposures from work. Exposure to particles increase the risk of incident COPD and CVD. However, more research is needed on the effect of occupational exposure of particles of different origin, and to which extent they contribute to COPD and different types of CVD, including dose-response relationships. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate occupational particle exposure in relation to COPD and CVD, investigate effects of different particle types, dose-response relationships, and potential differences in effects in men and women. Methods: This thesis comprises four studies, two epidemiological studies, one on COPD and one on CVD resulting in two papers, and two field studies on CVD. Study I is a population-based longitudinal study in which we investigated the smoking-adjusted risk of COPD associated with occupational exposure to 13 particles/groups (inorganic, organic, combustion particles, and welding fumes). We formed a cohort of subjects born in 1965 or earlier who responded to the Stockholm Public Health Survey in 2002, 2006, or 2010 with follow-up surveys in 2007, 2010, and 2014, in total 43,641 subjects. Participants were identified as COPD cases if they had been diagnosed with COPD by a physician during 1990-2014 or were prescribed anticholinergic medication specific for COPD. A job exposure matrix (JEM) was used to estimate occupational particle exposure. Study II and III investigated the association between particle exposure and markers of CVD. They are based on measurements of respirable silica, respirable dust, and dust of PM 0.1-10, and on biological sampling of included partici

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The Swedish debate regarding the reform of the third person pronoun plural has been examined with the NLS theory and with the perspective of literacy as not only a mental process but also as a social practice. The debate was initiated in autumn of 2016 by an article written by the teacher Henrik Birkebo in which he argued for a reform. To examine the legitimacy of the main arguments in the debate in relation to pupils’ actual use of the Swedish alternatives for the third person pronoun plural de/dem and dom in secondary school, 307 answers to the National Tests in Swedish and Swedish as a Second Language from 2015 has been quantified in a corpus. The result shows that the argument for a reform due to the hardship for pupils to make out the difference between de and dem sees literacy mainly as a mental process. This is not shown in the corpus. A minority cannot use de and dem as the norm requires, and this minority consists of pupils with high and low grades. The argument to not too hastily make a reform sees literacy as a social practice and as a performance in a social context. This is more likely to be true according to the results of the analysis of the corpus. 82 % of the pupils want to use de/dem which shows that this is seen as a more respected literacy than the use of dom, which only 6 % of the pupils use in the corpus.

Bakgrund Fysisk aktivitet innebär all form av kroppslig rörelse som möjliggörs av skelettmuskulaturens arbete. Med träning avses fysisk aktivitet som har ett specifikt mål. Patienter som ägnar mer tid åt sin hälsa genom att motionera upplever ett bättre fysiskt såväl som psykiskt välmående. Det har visats att patienter som upplever en känsla av kontroll över sitt välmående, tack vare den fysiska aktiviteten, även ser sjukvårdsinsatser som mer effektiva. Fysisk aktivitet, om den så bara är kortvarig, inför en operation har visats minska patienternas postoperativa komplikationer och därmed förkortat deras vårdtid. Genom att studera vad som motiverar, eller hindrar, patienterna till att utföra fysisk aktivitet kan vårdpersonal utveckla sitt preoperativa omvårdnadsarbete och således minska patienters lidande samt bidra till en snabbare återhämtning. Syfte Var att beskriva patientens erfarenhet av ordinerad fysisk aktivitet inför planerad kirurgi. Metod Studien är en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt som har inkluderat 15 vetenskapliga originalartiklar med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ metodansats. CINAHL och PubMed var de databaser som användes för att hitta de inkluderade artiklarna. Sophiahemmets Högskolas bedömningsunderlag användes för att granska artiklarnas kvalitet. Resultatet analyserades genom en integrerad dataanalys. Resultat I litteraturöversiktens resultat identifierades två huvudkategorier; Aspekter som påverkar genomförandet av fysisk aktivitet samt Motivatorer till följsamhet av fysisk aktivitet följt av åtta underkategorier. Resultatet visade betydelsen av personcentrerad vård där man ser till hela människan när fysisk aktivitet ordineras. En kontinuerlig kontakt med hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal, stöd från omgivningen och uppsättning av realistiska mål var betydande motivatorer. Slutsats Patienternas erfarenheter av ordinerad fysisk aktivitet inför planerad kirurgi kan, från denna icke-systematiska litteraturöversikts resultat, ses som överväg, Background Physical activity means any form of bodily movement that is made possible by the work of the skeletal muscles. Exercise refers to physical activity that has a specific goal. Patients who devote more time to their health by exercising experience better physical as well as psychological well-being. It has been shown that patients who experience a sense of control over their well-being, thanks to the physical activity, also see healthcare interventions as more effective. Physical activity, if only for a short period, before an operation has been shown to reduce patients' postoperative complications and thereby shorten their length of stay. By studying what motivates, or prevents, patients from performing physical activity, healthcare professionals can develop their preoperative nursing work and thus reduce patients' suffering and contribute to a faster recovery. Aim The aim of this study was to describe the patients experiences of prescribed physical activity prior to elective surgery. Method The study is a non-systematic literature review that has included 15 original scientific articles with both a qualitative and quantitative methodological approach. CINAHL and PubMed were the databases used to find the included articles. Sophiahemmet University assessment basis document was used to review the quality of the articles. The result was analyzed through an integrated data analysis. Results In the results of the literature review, two main categories were identified; Aspects that influence the implementation of physical activity as well as Motivators for adherence to physical activity followed by eight subcategories. The results showed the importance of person-centered care where the whole person is considered when physical activity is prescribed. Continuous contact with healthcare professionals, support from the environment and setting realistic goals were significant motivators. Conclusions The patients' experiences of prescribed physical activity before

Bakgrund: En stomi betecknar en artificiell öppning och utgör en förbindelse mellan tarmen och hudytan. En stomi anläggs kirurgiskt och har i avsikt att tömma tarminnehållet manuellt denna väg. För att bemöta och stödja patienter som erhållit en tarmstomi är sjuksköterskans kunskaper och erfarenheter avgörande i mötet med patienten. Sjuksköterskan har således en viktig roll i att stödja, informera samt utbilda. Levd kropp utgjorde den teoretiska referensramen som har sin utgångspunkt i Maurice Merleau-Pontys filosofi. Med beaktning till den levda kroppen måste vårdaren se varje enskild patient som en unik person med egna behov. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att leva med en tarmstomi. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på nio vetenskapliga artiklar på databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. Av nio utvalda artiklar hade åtta artiklar en kvalitativ ansats och en av artiklarna en mixad metod. Analysförfarandet av data utgjordes av en integrerad analysmetod. Resultat: I resultatet framkom tre kategorier samt nio underrubriker; Förändringar: En förändrad självbild, En förändrad vardag, Sociala relationer förändras, Sexualitet och intimitet förändras. Att lära sig leva med en tarmstomi: Att hantera sin tarmstomi, En ny vardag som kräver planering. Stödjande insatser: Det professionella stödet, Familj och vänners stöd, Aktivt sökande av stöd på egen hand. Slutsats: Patienter som erhållit en tarmstomi, erfar sin stomi på olika sätt, utifrån både negativa och positiva aspekter. Det tyder på att sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att tillgodose patienten en individanpassad vård utefter den enskilda individens behov där sjuksköterskan alltid ska ta den levda kroppen i beaktning.

Bakgrund: COVID-19 är ett virus som fick sin spridning år 2019 i Wuhan, Kina. Detta virus fick snabbt spridning till många delar av världen och fastställdes senare som en pandemi. Att som sjuksköterska arbeta på sjukhus med patienter som drabbats av detta virus kan vara både givande och utmanande. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser vid vård av patienter med COVID- 19 på sjukhus. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ design. PubMed och CINAHL var databaserna som användes. Totalt baseras resultatet på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar och en manifest analys av artiklarna har genomförts. Resultat: Resultatet resulterade i tre kategorier och sex subkategorier och dessa var: En betydande roll med subkategorierna: Att möta utmaningar i vårdandet och att övervinna utmaningar i vårdandet. En ny arbetsmiljö med subkategorierna: Att känna rädsla för att bli smittad och Att arbeta med Isolerade patienter. Utmaningar avseende skyddsutrustning och kommunikation med subkategorierna: Att känna sig begränsad i användandet av skyddsutrustningen och Att känna en barriär i kommunikationen. Diskussion: Huvudfynden diskuterades i förhållande till sjuksköterskan Florence Nightingale och personcentrerad vård. Att vårda dessa patienter ansågs medföra olika utmaningar men trots det kunde de se ett värde i vården de gav. Slutsats: Denna litteraturöversikt kan ge en förståelse för vad sjuksköterskorna behöver för att kunna genomföra en god vård och vad som skulle behöva utvecklas för att detta ska kunna ske. Att belysa detta utifrån sjuksköterskornas perspektiv är av vikt för att de ska känna sig förstådda., 2023-03-23

The issue of safe and legal abortions is and has been highly relevant for generations of women. By describing acts that have previously been carried out in secret, literary fiction makes these experiences visible, meanwhile exposing the circular nature of women’s history. In this chapter, intergenerational experiences of motherhood are examined in Lucia Berlin’s short story “Tiger Bites,” which tells the story of a young mother seeking abortion in Mexico. In Berlin’s representation of the abortion clinic, feelings of isolation and shame are foregrounded, as well as the actual risks to the health of the women and girls involved. The portrayal of the patients and staff at the clinic highlights aspects such as class, the crossings of bodily and national borders, and agency. This chapter argues that family relationships can create feelings of isolation as well as community, and that it is only through her own choice that the protagonist can realize her agency in motherhood. The analysis ultimately argues that Berlin’s story has its own intergenerational relevance, and speaks to the present as well as to its time of initial publication.

The current distribution and population structure of many species were, to a large extent, shaped by cycles of isolation in glacial refugia and subsequent population expansions. Isolation in and postglacial expansion through heterogeneous environments led to either neutral or adaptive divergence. Norway spruce is no exception, and its current distribution is the consequence of a constant interplay between evolutionary and demographic processes. We investigated population differentiation and adaptation of Norway spruce for juvenile growth, diameter of the stem, wood density, and tracheid traits at breast height. Data from 4461 phenotyped and genotyped Norway spruce from 396 half-sib families in two progeny tests were used to test for divergent selection in the framework of QST vs. FST. We show that the macroscopic resultant trait (stem diameter), unlike its microscopic components (tracheid dimensions) and juvenile growth, was under divergent selection that predated the Last Glacial Maximum. Altogether, the current variation in these phenotypic traits in Norway spruce is better explained by local adaptation to ancestral environments than to current ones, where populations were partly preadapted, mainly through growth-related traits.

In this study, the Swedish version of the reality-TV show Farmer Wants a Wife is analyzed from an MCDA perspective and method, using theories relating to heteronormativity, romantic relationships, and love. The aim of the study is to discover the connections between societal norms, values, and the text and visual material of the show in order to analyze the reproductions of constructs within the discourse surrounding love and romantic relationships. Through an analysis focusing on different aspects of the show's discourse surrounding the subjects, the result of the study is that the show indeed reproduces societal norms. Love is presented as something most people actively look for and want in their life, and that it is worth the pain of finding it. The show also reproduces the idea that adulthood and maturity is something you achieve through a normative romantic relationship and strengthens the understanding that a normative romantic relationship is critical for a person to be conceived as whole. Jealousy is also presented as a sign of true romantic feelings. In addition to this, the show consciously plays on connotations between itself and love stories, and thus the idea that love is an all-encompassing force existing between reality and dreams. Last but not least, the show reproduces the idea that a fulfilled romantic relationship is more important than the active and free choice to abstain from it.

The syllabus for English 5 in Swedish upper secondary school has a strong communicative focus, and grammar is only explicitly mentioned once throughout the syllabus. This raised my interest about the role and importance of explicit grammar teaching in Swedish upper secondary schools. The aim of this thesis is to review the effectiveness of explicit and implicit grammar instruction in second language learning contexts. To guide the research, the following research questions were formulated: 1) What are the effects of explicit grammar instruction on L2 learners' grammar knowledge? 2) What are the effects of implicit grammar instruction on L2 learners' grammar knowledge? 3) How are these effects sustained in the long term? Subsequently, empirical articles on the topic were read and analysed to answer the research questions. The results showed that explicit grammar instruction was more effective than implicit grammar instruction, although in some cases relating to the complexity of structures, explicit grammar instruction was found to be more effective for complex structure. Explicit grammar instruction facilitated the learning of both explicit and implicit knowledge whereas implicit grammar instruction primarily facilitated learning of implicit knowledge. Also, explicit grammar instruction showed positive effects for receptive and productive skills, while implicit instruction primarily benefitted receptive skills. Lastly, results showed that explicit instruction needed to be accompanied by follow-up instruction or communicative tasks in order to facilitate long-term effects. In the only longitudinal study reviewed, it was concluded that exposure to naturalistic language was more important than the type of explicit grammar instruction (FonF vs. FonFs) in predicting language proficiency. Thus, it can be argued that explicit grammar instruction should have a significant role in second language classrooms, although either incidentally or intentionally accompanied by commun

Denna uppsats undersöker hur feministiska budskap kommodifierar och exploaterar marknadsföring riktat till kvinnor, även kallat femvertising. Detta har gjorts genom en multimodal kritisk diskursanalys (MCDA) av det amerikanska rakhyvelföretaget Billie Inc:s två reklamfilmer Project body hair från 2019 och Think of a woman från 2021. Genom en MCDA analyseras de feministiska budskapen i relation till de valda semiotiska resurserna: karaktärer, attribut, blick, vinklar, miljö, fokus, färg, ljud och text. Det ska framhållas att femvertising är en central del i denna studie då fenomenet genomsyrar Billies reklam, studiens syfte, tidigare forskning och resultat. Vidare består det teoretiska ramverket i denna studie av postfeminismen, som anknyter till den postfeministiska diskursen kommodifierad feminism, samt genuskonstruktioner och könsstereotyper i reklam. Studien resulterar i att Billie Inc kommodifierar och exploaterar feministiska budskap genom att inkludera och förkasta feministiska ideal. Vidare konstruerar Billie Inc kvinnorna i reklamfilmerna med både stereotypa och normbrytande inslag, detta i likhet med den kommodifierade feminismens förena feminism och femininitet. Genom detta, konstruerar Billie således en superkvinna, vilket slutligen resulterar i att varumärket neutraliserar det politiskt laddade budskapet, samtidigt som de främja en positiv samhällsutveckling.

Aim: This study used 17 year of Swedish registry data (2003–2019) for 25,125 adults assessed for their severity of substance use to identify the baseline factors predicting the risk of being court-ordered into compulsory care and examine the association between admission to compulsory care and mortality risks due to alcohol- or drug-related causes. Methods and materials: Addiction Severity Index (ASI) assessment data were linked to register data on demographic characteristics, compulsory care, and alcohol- and drug-related mortality. Cox regression models were used to identify baseline factors predictive of post-assessment admission to compulsory care in the 5 years post-substance use assessment. Discrete-time random-effect logistic regression models were used to examine the association between compulsory care duration and alcohol or drug-related mortality risks. Propensity score matching was used for validation. Results: The first models identified that younger age, female gender, and ASI composite scores for drug use, mental health and employment were significantly associated with the risk of placement in compulsory care for drugs other than alcohol. Female gender and ASI composite scores for alcohol, drug use and employment were significantly associated with compulsory care treatment for alcohol use. The second models showed that older individuals and men were more likely to die due to alcohol-related causes, while younger individuals and men were more likely to die due to drug-related causes. Length of stay in compulsory care institutions significantly increased the likelihood of dying due to substance use-related causes. Propensity scores analyses confirmed the results. Conclusion: In Sweden, a significant concern is the higher likelihood of women and young individuals to be court-ordered to compulsory care. Although compulsory care is often advocated as a life-saving intervention, our findings do not provide strong support for this claim. On the contrary, our

Denna studie behandlar lyrik i svenskundervisningen för årskurserna F-3. Lyrik i F-3 är ett område där svensk forskning saknas, vilket innebär ett behov av ökad kunskap. Det är vidare en genre som i internationell forskning visats ha språkutvecklande egenskaper, men som kan vara krävande för lärare att undervisa i. Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om olika uppfattningar som finns hos pedagoger av lyrik och lyrikens möjligheter och utmaningar i undervisningen för årskurs F-3. Studien är gjord ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv då betoningen ligger på lärandet i och genom språket. Studien är kvalitativ och utgörs av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Sex undervisande lärande har intervjuats. Det är en lärare i förskoleklass, en i årskurs 1, en i årskurs 2, två i årskurs 3 samt en språkpedagog. Dessa informanter är verksamma på fyra olika skolor, i studien benämnda Lyraskolan, Poetskolan, Rimskolan och Diktskolan. Skolorna är utspridda på tre orter i södra Sverige. Resultatet visar på såväl likheter som skillnader mellan pedagogernas tolkningar och undervisning. Lyrik ansågs vara ett svårtolkat begrepp för flera, men flera kopplade även lyrik till sånger. Just sånger används på olika sätt av samtliga informanter och det lyfts som en fördel att kunna arbeta med sångtexter i olika ämnen. Fler fördelar som lyftes var att lyrik kan bidra med att befästa kunskaper och ord, göra undervisningen lustfylld, öppna upp för samtal och användas ämnesöverskridande. Vidare framkom utmaningar med lyrik, däribland elevers ovana och motstånd till lyrik samt att annat innehåll prioriteras i undervisningen, delvis på grund av tidsbrist. Vad som framkom som betydelsefullt för undervisningen var läromedel, såväl digitalt som analogt. Även lärarens kunskap och modellerande är av vikt. Sammanfattningsvis är läraren av yttersta vikt för att motverka elevers förutfattade meningar om vad lyrik är och modellera för elevernas lärande. För att kunna dra nytta av detta skulle fortbildning såväl som

Umeå Golfklubb har som målsättning att vara en fossilfri golfanläggning till 2030. Det medföra stora förändringar gällande maskiner, investeringar och kostnader med denna ändring. Genom omvandling till fossilfritt hoppas Umeå Golfklubb kunna bli en bättre plats för anställda och golfare, samt minska risken för föroreningar i naturen på golfanläggningen, i hänsyn till globala målen. Syftet är att undersöka ifall det går att driva en golfanläggning med enbart elektriska maskiner och hur utveckling ser ut kommande år för dessa maskiner. Samt vilka krav som ställs på dessa maskiner för bibehållen bankvalité. Rapporten undersöker prestandaskillnader mellan elektriska och dagens fossildrivna maskiner. Från hydraulik, bladmaterial och automatiserade robotar till batterikapacitet och solenergi. Rapporten tar upp ett specifikt företag inom varje kategori maskin och undersöker utvecklingen av de elektriska maskinerna idag samt kommande år hos dem. Undersöker hur automatiserade robotgräsklippare kan klippa fairway, semiruff och ruff, antal robotgräsklippare som behövs, klippschema för varje robot och ifall det finns ekonomiska fördelar. Rapporten tar även upp entreprenadmaskiner som är aktuella för klubben. Resultatet visar att en stor del av klipparna går att byta ut till elektriska, detta med förbättrad bankvalité. Fairway, semiruff och ruff kan klippas med robotgräsklippare som kan justera klipphöjden automatiskt. Robotgräsklippare kan klippa stora delar av anläggningen under natten. Genom nattklippning, störs medlemmar och gäster mindre av banpersonal, samtidigt som banpersonalen riskerar i mindre utsträckning att träffas av golfbollar. De elektriska maskinerna kommer kunna drivas av anläggningens egenproducerade el via solceller. Hela anläggningen kommer därmed inte kunna drivas med egenproducerad el, om man tittar på hela året. Rapporten visar att byta till elektrisk maskinpark troligen kommer att bli en positiv investering, både för ekonomin och bankvalitén. De positi

Background: By optimizing a company's internal flows, several benefits, including reduction of waiting time and incidents, can be generated. A relevant starting point for the concept of lean production is the effort to reduce the amount of waste. A variant of an improvement tool is a so-called spaghetti diagram. This tool is considered optimal partly to reduce the amount of waste associated with the current layout and the flows that exist in the warehouse, and partly to get a picture of what safety looks like and how it could be optimized. This with regard to the way forklifts and people may relate to each other to avoid incidents, including collisions. Purpose: The purpose of the paper is, based on Volvo CE Braås logistics center, to study today's internal transport flows, its frequency and challenges associated with these in terms of safety and productivity. Furthermore, the purpose is to examine the corresponding transport flows in Volvo CE Braås logistics layout 2025, its frequency and how challenges related to safety and productivity at this stage can be addressed. Method: The study involves a qualitative approach where a case study has been conducted. Primary and secondary data has been collected in the form of both semi-structured and unstructured interviews. To create a well-founded analysis, pattern comparison has been chosen as the approach for the analysis method. This is because a theoretical basis is seen in relation to the basis that has been obtained from Volvo CE Braås, in order to obtain as well-founded a result as possible. Results: Regarding the frequency of transports in and out of the Volvo CE Braås logistics center in the current logistics layout, challenges have been identified in terms of safety and productivity. Challenges related to safety have turned out to be high frequency of internal transports, pedestrians and crossing flows. In terms of productivity, challenges also include the high frequency of internal transports and pedestrians mov, Bakgrund: Genom att optimera en verksamhets interna flöden kan flertalet fördelar, däribland reducering av väntetid och incidenter, genereras. En relevant utgångspunkt för begreppet lean production är strävan efter att reducera mängden slöserier. En variant av förbättringsverktyg är ett så kallat spagettidiagram. Detta verktyg anses vara optimalt dels för att reducera mängden slöserier med koppling till rådande layout och de flöden som existerar i lagret, dels för att få en bild av hur säkerheten ser ut och hur denna skulle kunna optimeras. Detta med avseende på vilket sätt truckar och människor får förhålla sig till varandra för att undvika incidenter, däribland kollisioner. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att, med utgångspunkt i Volvo CE Braås logistikcentrum, studera dagens interna transportflöden, dess frekvens samt utmaningar förknippade med dessa beträffande säkerhet och produktivitet. Vidare är syftet att undersöka motsvarande transportflöden i Volvo CE Braås logistiklayout 2025, dess frekvens samt hur utmaningar sett till säkerhet och produktivitet i detta skede kan angripas. Metod: Studien innefattas av ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt där en fallstudie har genomförts. För att skapa underlag till studien har primär- och sekundärdata samlats in i form av både semistrukturerade- och ostrukturerade intervjuer. För att skapa en välgrundad analys har mönsterjämförelse valts som tillvägagångssätt för analysmetoden. Detta i och med att ett teoretiskt underlag ses i relation till det underlag som har erhållits från Volvo CE Braås, för att i sin tur erhålla ett så välgrundat resultat som möjligt. Resultat: Beträffande frekvensen av transporter inom och ut från Volvo CE Braås logistikcentrum i dagens logistiklayout, har utmaningar identifierats sett till säkerhet och produktivitet. Utmaningar med koppling till säkerhet har visat sig vara hög frekvens av de interna transporter som sker, fotgängare samt korsande flöden. Sett till produktivitet är utmaningar även här a