Author: "Goulding" / Publication Type: Electronic Resources - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1,583 results on '"Goulding"'

1. Improving communication between older people and primary care staff : development of a behaviour change intervention

Author: Goulding, Rebecca, Bower, Peter, Peters, Sarah, and Blakeman, Thomas
Subjects: Aged, Meta-ethnography, Systematic review, Older people, Aged 80 and over, General practice, Patient safety, Patient involvement, Professional-patient relations, Primary health care, Multimorbidity, Health communication, Qualitative research
Abstract: Background: Older people, aged 65+, with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) can experience breakdowns in communication with primary care staff. These breakdowns can threaten their physical and psychological safety. Efforts to improve communication have traditionally focused on changing the behaviour of staff but patient involvement in healthcare interactions is also important. Thus, the aim of this project was to develop a behaviour change intervention to empower older people with MLTC, improve their communication with primary care staff and reduce risks to their patient safety. Methods: An evidence-, theory- and person-based approach was used to plan, design and develop the intervention. Research, comprising a systematic review of the existing qualitative literature (12 studies) and an in-depth interview study (28 patient participants), was conducted to better understand communication between patients and staff, including the barriers to and enablers of communication and what might need to change for this to improve. A series of intervention design workshops were held with stakeholders (patients, carers, staff and other experts) to determine what the intervention should focus on and how objectives could be achieved. Drawing on these discussions and behaviour change theory, a novel intervention was drafted. This was then revised through a cognitive interview study (15 patient participants), which involved four rounds of data collection, analysis and intervention modification. Results: A wide range of barriers to and enablers of healthcare communication were identified for older people with MLTC, including barriers that may not be possible to change through a patient-focused intervention. Prioritised topics concerned patients': 1) knowledge about staff and services and what is important to communicate, 2) skills to prepare for an interaction, convey information and express concerns, and 3) confidence to speak up and ask questions. These were addressed within a booklet for patients, and supported by a guide to the intervention for staff. The content, layout and style of the booklet were optimised based on feedback from potential users. Conclusions: This project has brought together and expanded the evidence-base regarding barriers to and enablers of healthcare communication for older people with MLTC. It has identified ways to change communication behaviour that are acceptable to both patients and staff, and are considered useful and useable. The intervention will undergo further development and be evaluated to determine whether it empowers patients, improves communication and reduces risks to patient safety.
Published: 2022

2. From militancy to new media : the discursive construction of Irish republicanism

Author: Goulding, Stephen, Porter, Robert, Stapleton, Karyn, and Ramsey, Phil
Subjects: Media, Communication
Abstract: In spite of past marginalisation (Hayes 2012), in the twenty first century, Irish republicanism-predominantly through the vehicle of Sinn Féin-has undergone a process of mainstreaming and a modernisation of its image (Hoey 2018, Maillot 2004, Reilly 2013): resulting in a seismic shift in the Irish political landscape and a rise in support. Nowhere is this discursive shift more evident than republicanism's online spaces where it enjoys a loyal and vocal support base from a cohort known colloquially as 'Shinnerbots.' Yet despite this mainstreaming, republican discourse remains radical and relies on a nuanced interpretation of the past to legitimate its peripheral critique of existing centres of political power. (Filardo-Llamas 2013, Alonso 2016 and Goulding 2022 forthcoming) This points toward a disparity between surface representation and socio-political strategy: on one level republicanism remains radical and critical of power, yet simultaneously it is integrating into political structures it continues to delegitimate. This thesis capitalises on the ability for social media to provide 'large data sets that can be aptly used for social-science research.' (KhosraviNik and Unger 2016:211) Taking nationalism to be a discursive formation (Calhoun 1997), this thesis adopts an approach to Irish republicanism from the field of critical discourse analysis (Wodak 2001, de Cillia et al. 1999). Drawing data from several virtual sites of republican discourse, it aims to critique problematic aspects of contemporary Irish republicanism and its reproduction. Over three analytical chapters, the reconstruction of Irish republican identity and ideology, the negotiation of its mainstreaming into popular cultural forms, and its reproduction in response to day-to-day political events are examined from the perspective of grassroots ideologues. As such, this thesis' main contribution will be to provide an up-to-date account of discourses of republicanism (and the power dynamics which underpin these) and their strategic reproduction in virtually mediated spaces that are peripheral to elite republican centres of power.
Published: 2021

3. An exploration of the psychological and behavioural profile of specific genetic syndromes, including Malan Syndrome and Sotos Syndrome

Author: Goulding-Talbot, Josh
Subjects: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Anxiety, genetic syndromes, Malan Syndrome, Sotos Syndrome, thesis
Abstract: The current thesis aimed to explore the psychological and behavioural profile of specific genetic syndromes. This was achieved by a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the prevalence rate of several genetic syndromes, as well as an empirical study into autism spectrum disorders and anxiety in Malan Syndrome and Sotos Syndrome. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between ADHD and genetic neurodevelopmental syndromes. A pooled estimate was calculated using a random effects model and heterogeneity between studies was explored. The estimate across syndromes was estimated at 0.34 (95% CI 0.30 - 0.37) and high heterogeneity was identified. Different analyses were conducted to try to identify potential causes of high heterogeneity and prevalence rate estimates were recalculated as an attempt to correct for this. The genetic syndrome with the highest uncorrected estimate was seen in Fragile X, with an estimate of 0.47 (95% CI 0.38 - 0.57), and the lowest was seen in Turner Syndrome, with an estimate of 0.18 (95% CI 0.08 - 0.28). Research report: Anxiety and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) traits have been associated with Sotos syndrome and Malan syndrome ("Sotos syndrome 2"). However, research in both are limited and the profile of difficulties has not been previously fully explored. Parents/caregivers of 15 children with Malan syndrome and 9 children with Sotos syndrome completed an online survey and results were compared with existing data to explore the specific profile of difficulties in both syndrome groups. Results suggested ASD may be characteristic of Malan syndrome although not to the same extent as Sotos syndrome and idiopathic ASD. Similar levels of anxiety were seen in Malan syndrome and idiopathic ASD although this was lower than seen in Sotos syndrome. The study concludes that both ASD and anxiety may be characteristic of Malan syndrome, although potentially not to the same extent as in Sotos syndrome.
Published: 2021
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4. Calcium dependent host innate immune resistance to influenza A virus infection

Author: Goulding, Leah V.
Subjects: QR Microbiology
Abstract: Influenza A virus infection is a major threat to public health, claiming over half a million lives globally each year. Strategies to combat influenza virus infection include vaccination and antiviral therapy. Influenza virus vaccine escape mutants, arising from mutations resulting in antigenic alterations of their surface glycoproteins so they are no longer recognised by the host immune system, can limit the effectiveness of vaccines. Secondly, antivirals that directly target the virus inevitably apply selection pressure on the virus and lead to drug resistance. The onset of resistance has been documented for the neuraminidase inhibitors, currently the only class of anti-influenza drugs recommended by the World Health Organisation. Targeting host factors that are required by the pathogen or enhancing host immune responses has been identified as an alternative to direct antiviral therapy. Host targeted treatment could be a viable alternative to overcome the serious problem of antiviral resistance. The evidence presented here indicates that activation of a specific host Ca2+ mobilisation pathway, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), mediates a potent antiviral innate immune response that dramatically inhibits influenza virus replication in a variety of cell types. Non-cytotoxic doses of an SOCE agonist, a sesquiterpene lactone thapsigargin (TG), induced a sustained and broad spectrum innate immune state which was effective against the virus pre- and post-infection. TG priming induced the endoplasmic reticulum stress unfolded protein response and enhanced type I/III IFN associated response in the face of infection. In addition, TG priming reduced the expression of a range proviral host factors required for post-translational viral protein transport and modification. In summary, the strategic pharmacological or genetic activation of SOCE could underpin a new host-centric therapeutic approach capable of effectively inhibiting influenza A virus replication. TG was identified as a potential broad spectrum inhibitor of RNA virus replication capable of activating multiple host innate immune responses.
Published: 2019

5. Simple and Bounds-Preserving Discretizations of the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes Equations

Author: Goulding, Jason, Shinar, Tamar1, Schroeder, Craig, Goulding, Jason, Goulding, Jason, Shinar, Tamar1, Schroeder, Craig, and Goulding, Jason
Abstract: When multiple fluids in a single system interact, they can mix and separate according to their physical properties. We can describe a two-fluid system of this kind using the phase-field model. This model uses a scalar field to represent the volume concentration or concentration difference of one of the fluids. By varying this field we can describe phase mixtures, and the interface between phases is represented by the field smoothly transitioning between extreme values. The Cahn-Hilliard equation is a fourth-order partial differential equation that can be used to describe the change in this phase-field through separation. This method acts to minimize an energy potential function with minima where the mixture is fully separated. We couple the Cahn-Hilliard equation to the classic Navier-Stokes equations to include fluid flow. We develop two novel discretization methods for this system. The first method is a simplified time integration scheme based on splitting the fourth-order equation into a pair of second-order Helmholtz equations that can be solved as a pair of linear systems. We propose a method of coupling this discretization to an incompressible Navier-Stokes equation that maintains consistency between mass and momentum. We also propose a novel surface tension force discretization that limits surface forces to the interface region. This surface tension can be controlled with a parameter that allows for transitioning between a sharp interface formulation and a smooth continuum surface force. A drawback of this scheme is that it relies on a mass redistribution post-processing step to maintain the phase variable in the physical bounds. The second method is developed to intrinsically maintain the phase variable inside a physically consistent range instead of requiring a post-processing step. We formulate a piecewise energy potential function with energy barriers at both extremes. We combine this with a nonlinear second-order solve that is implicit in the energy pote
Published: 2024

6. Teaching Secondary History

Author: Sharp, Heather, Dallimore, Jonathon, Bedford, Alison, Kerby, Martin, Goulding, James, Heath, Treesa Clare, von Guttner, Darius, and Zarmati, Louise
Published: 2021
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7. Transforming social housing into an asset class : the financialisation of English housing associations under neoliberalism and austerity urbanism

Author: Goulding, Richard, Blandy, Sarah, and Hodkinson, Stuart
Subjects: 340
Abstract: This thesis analyses the financialisation of housing associations, with the aim of connecting the abstract and distant processes of property finance to how these are materialised in the practices of social housing provision. In doing so, a major objective is to show that financialisation is not an automatic process, operating as a rigid structural logic, but has rather necessitated an ongoing and active process of governance within the housing association sector. I argue that a fundamental component of this long-term process since the 1980s has been a re-imagining of associations as entrepreneurial, risk-taking enterprises. Governing financial risk has been a fundamental element of the conversion of associations into an asset class, with the need to safeguard social housing assets a major priority for the regulator. A key finding of this research is that as housing associations have undergone neoliberalisation, the powers of the regulator have been progressively eroded as lenders have emerged as a major interest group within the social housing sector. The financial crisis and austerity have deepened these trends, with austerity policies driving associations to commercialise their development programmes in order to protect their income streams. This in turn is driving financialisation within the sector as providers come to treat their land and housing as a pure financial asset, though development activity at scale still remains concentrated among a minority of large, London-based providers. This thesis has nonetheless found financialisation to be a contradictory process, with major risks building up within the sector as part of the commercialisation agenda and serious consequences for tenants as access to social housing becomes more restricted. The systematic transfer by the regulatory system of risk downward from lenders, to providers, to tenants, is therefore a crucial means by which financialisation has been maintained in the aftermath of the financial crisis.
Published: 2017

8. Hitting the target but missing the point : an examination of the community policing role with young people and youth interventions in a Scottish community

Author: Goulding, Amy Elizabeth
Subjects: 363.209411
Published: 2016

9. Lower complement C1q levels in first-episode psychosis and in schizophrenia

Author: Koskuvi, Marja, Malwade, Susmita, Gracias Lekander, Jessica, Hörbeck, Elin, Bruno, Sanna, Holmen Larsson, Jessica, Pelanis, Aurimantas, Isgren, Anniella, Goulding, Anneli, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Samudyata, Samudyata, Schalling, Martin, Piehl, Fredrik, Erhardt, Sophie, Landen, Mikael, Cervenka, Simon, Orhan, Funda, Sellgren, Carl M, Koskuvi, Marja, Malwade, Susmita, Gracias Lekander, Jessica, Hörbeck, Elin, Bruno, Sanna, Holmen Larsson, Jessica, Pelanis, Aurimantas, Isgren, Anniella, Goulding, Anneli, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Samudyata, Samudyata, Schalling, Martin, Piehl, Fredrik, Erhardt, Sophie, Landen, Mikael, Cervenka, Simon, Orhan, Funda, and Sellgren, Carl M
Abstract: Recent evidence has implicated complement component (C) 4A in excessive elimination of synapses in schizophrenia. C4A is believed to contribute to physiological synapse removal through signaling within the C1q initiated classical activation axis of the complement system. So far, a potential involvement of C1q in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia remains unclear. In this study, we first utilized large-scale gene expression datasets (n = 586 patients with schizophrenia and n = 986 controls) to observe lower C1QA mRNA expression in prefrontal cortex tissue of individuals with schizophrenia (P = 4.8x10-05), while C1QA seeded co-expression networks displayed no enrichment for schizophrenia risk variants beyond C4A. We then used targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LS-MS) to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of C1qA in 113 individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP), among which 66 individuals was later diagnosed with schizophrenia, and 87 healthy controls. CSF concentrations of C1qA were lower in individuals diagnosed with FEP (P = 0.0001), also after removing subjects with a short-term prescription of an antipsychotic agent (P = 0.0005). We conclude that C1q mRNA and protein levels are lower in schizophrenia and that further experimental studies are needed to understand the functional implications.
Published: 2024
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10. Zonificación geotécnica mediante estadísticos descriptivos para suelos de Costa Rica

Author: Baltodano Goulding, Rafael and Baltodano Goulding, Rafael
Abstract: A geotechnical zoning was created using descriptive statistics for the soils found in Costa Rica, taking into consideration the geotechnical map and the climatic conditions of Costa Rica. This information can be used to provide additional information when geotechnical analyses and designs are to be performed through a probabilistic approach and an appropriate quantity of data is lacking to adequately allow for the statistical processing of soil parameters. Consideration of the Geotechnical Zoning included in the Costa Rica Foundation Code was taken. Additionally, Climatological Atlas of the National Meteorological Institute was also considered. As part of the results attained, the average values and the standard deviation of different types of soils were obtained. The geotechnical information on the different materials was obtained from geological surveys and private geotechnical studies. This data is important because when considering them, it is possible to reduce the uncertainty associated with the characteristics of the soil., Con el objetivo de proveer información adicional para la realización de análisis y diseños geotécnico mediante un enfoque probabilístico cuando no se cuenta con una cantidad de datos que permita un procesamiento estadístico de los parámetros requeridos del suelo, se elaboró una zonificación geotécnica mediante estadísticos descriptivos para los suelos encontrados en Costa Rica, tomando en consideración el mapa geotécnico y las condiciones climáticas de Costa Rica. Para el ámbito geotécnico, se consideraron los mapas de zonificación geotécnica establecidos en el Código de Cimentaciones, mientras que en el meteorológico se tomaron en cuenta el Atlas Climatológico del Instituto Meteorológico Nacional. Como parte de los resultados se obtuvieron los valores promedio y la desviación estándar de diferentes tipos de suelos presentes en la zonificación efectuada en el país. La información geotécnica de los diferentes materiales se obtuvo de campañas geológicas y estudios geotécnicos privados. Estos datos son importantes porque al considerarlos, se logra disminuir la incertidumbre asociada a las características del suelo.
Published: 2024

11. A single-cell atlas enables mapping of homeostatic cellular shifts in the adult human breast.

Author: Reed, Austin, Reed, Austin, Pensa, Sara, Steif, Adi, Stenning, Jack, Kunz, Daniel, Porter, Linsey, Hua, Kui, He, Peng, Twigger, Alecia-Jane, Siu, Abigail, Kania, Katarzyna, Barrow-McGee, Rachel, Goulding, Iain, Gomm, Jennifer, Speirs, Valerie, Jones, J, Marioni, John, Khaled, Walid, Reed, Austin, Reed, Austin, Pensa, Sara, Steif, Adi, Stenning, Jack, Kunz, Daniel, Porter, Linsey, Hua, Kui, He, Peng, Twigger, Alecia-Jane, Siu, Abigail, Kania, Katarzyna, Barrow-McGee, Rachel, Goulding, Iain, Gomm, Jennifer, Speirs, Valerie, Jones, J, Marioni, John, and Khaled, Walid
Abstract: Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to compile a human breast cell atlas assembled from 55 donors that had undergone reduction mammoplasties or risk reduction mastectomies. From more than 800,000 cells we identified 41 cell subclusters across the epithelial, immune and stromal compartments. The contribution of these different clusters varied according to the natural history of the tissue. Age, parity and germline mutations, known to modulate the risk of developing breast cancer, affected the homeostatic cellular state of the breast in different ways. We found that immune cells from BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers had a distinct gene expression signature indicative of potential immune exhaustion, which was validated by immunohistochemistry. This suggests that immune-escape mechanisms could manifest in non-cancerous tissues very early during tumor initiation. This atlas is a rich resource that can be used to inform novel approaches for early detection and prevention of breast cancer.
Published: 2024

12. The corticomuscular response to experimental pain via blood flow occlusion when applied to the ipsilateral and contralateral leg during an isometric force task

Author: Zambolin, F, Duro Ocana, P, Goulding, R, Sanderson, A, Venturelli, M, Wood, G, McPhee, J, Parr, JVV, Zambolin, F, Duro Ocana, P, Goulding, R, Sanderson, A, Venturelli, M, Wood, G, McPhee, J, and Parr, JVV
Abstract: Blood flow occlusion (BFO) has been previously used to investigate physiological responses to muscle ischemia, showing increased perceptual effort (RPE) and pain along with impaired neuromuscular performance. However, at present, it is unclear how BFO alters corticomuscular activities when either applied to the exercising or nonexercising musculature. The present study therefore set out to assess the corticomuscular response to these distinct BFO paradigms during an isometric contraction precision task. In a repeated measures design, fifteen participants (age = 27.00 ± 5.77) completed 15 isometric contractions across three experimental conditions; no occlusion (CNTRL), occlusion of the contralateral (i.e., nonexercising) limb (CON-OCC), and occlusion of the ipsilateral (i.e., exercising) limb (IPS-OCC). Measures of force, electroencephalographic (EEG), and electromyographic (EMG) were recorded during contractions. We observed that IPS-OCC broadly impaired force steadiness, elevated EMG of the vastus lateralis, and heightened RPE and pain. IPSI-OCC also significantly decreased corticomuscular coherence during the early phase of contraction and decreased EEG alpha activity across the sensorimotor and temporoparietal regions during the middle and late phases of contraction compared with CNTRL. By contrast, CON-OCC increased perceived levels of pain (but not RPE) and decreased EEG alpha activity across the prefrontal cortex during the middle and late phases of contraction, with no changes observed for EMG and force steadiness. Together, these findings highlight distinctive psychophysiological responses to experimental pain via BFO showing altered cortical activities (CON-OCC) and altered cortical, corticomuscular, and neuromuscular activities (IPS-OCC) when applied to the lower limbs during an isometric force precision task.
Published: 2024

13. Estimating Galaxy Parameters with Self-Organizing Maps and the Effect of Missing Data

Author: La Torre, Valentina, Sajina, Anna, Goulding, Andy D., Marchesini, Danilo, Bezanson, Rachel, Pearl, Alan N., Sodré Jr, Laerte, La Torre, Valentina, Sajina, Anna, Goulding, Andy D., Marchesini, Danilo, Bezanson, Rachel, Pearl, Alan N., and Sodré Jr, Laerte
Abstract: The current and upcoming large data volume galaxy surveys require the use of machine learning techniques to maximize their scientific return. This study explores the use of Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) to estimate galaxy parameters with a focus on handling cases of missing data and providing realistic probability distribution functions for the parameters. We train a SOM with a simulated mass-limited lightcone assuming a ugrizYJHKs+IRAC dataset, mimicking the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Deep joint dataset. For parameter estimation, we derive SOM likelihood surfaces considering photometric errors to derive total (statistical and systematic) uncertainties. We explore the effects of missing data including which bands are particular critical to the accuracy of the derived parameters. We demonstrate that the parameter recovery is significantly better when the missing bands are "filled-in" rather than if they are completely omitted. We propose a practical method for such recovery of missing data., Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Published: 2024

14. Galaxy merger challenge: A comparison study between machine learning-based detection methods

Author: Margalef-Bentabol, B., Wang, L., La Marca, A., Blanco-Prieto, C., Chudy, D., Domínguez-Sánchez, H., Goulding, A. D., Guzmán-Ortega, A., Huertas-Company, M., Martin, G., Pearson, W. J., Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Walmsley, M., Bickley, R. W., Bottrell, C., Conselice, C., O'Ryan, D., Margalef-Bentabol, B., Wang, L., La Marca, A., Blanco-Prieto, C., Chudy, D., Domínguez-Sánchez, H., Goulding, A. D., Guzmán-Ortega, A., Huertas-Company, M., Martin, G., Pearson, W. J., Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Walmsley, M., Bickley, R. W., Bottrell, C., Conselice, C., and O'Ryan, D.
Abstract: Various galaxy merger detection methods have been applied to diverse datasets. However, it is difficult to understand how they compare. We aim to benchmark the relative performance of machine learning (ML) merger detection methods. We explore six leading ML methods using three main datasets. The first one (the training data) consists of mock observations from the IllustrisTNG simulations and allows us to quantify the performance metrics of the detection methods. The second one consists of mock observations from the Horizon-AGN simulations, introduced to evaluate the performance of classifiers trained on different, but comparable data. The third one consists of real observations from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) survey. For the binary classification task (mergers vs. non-mergers), all methods perform reasonably well in the domain of the training data. At $0.1
Published: 2024

15. RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec Confirmation of an Infrared-luminous, Broad-line Little Red Dot with an Ionized Outflow

Author: Wang, Bingjie, de Graaff, Anna, Davies, Rebecca L., Greene, Jenny E., Leja, Joel, Goulding, Andy D., Williams, Christina C., Brammer, Gabriel B., Suess, Katherine A., Weibel, Andrea, Bezanson, Rachel, Boogaard, Leindert A., Cleri, Nikko J., Hirschmann, Michaela, Katz, Harley, Labbe, Ivo, Maseda, Michael V., Matthee, Jorryt, McConachie, Ian, Naidu, Rohan P., Oesch, Pascal A., Rix, Hans-Walter, Setton, David J., Whitaker, Katherine E., Wang, Bingjie, de Graaff, Anna, Davies, Rebecca L., Greene, Jenny E., Leja, Joel, Goulding, Andy D., Williams, Christina C., Brammer, Gabriel B., Suess, Katherine A., Weibel, Andrea, Bezanson, Rachel, Boogaard, Leindert A., Cleri, Nikko J., Hirschmann, Michaela, Katz, Harley, Labbe, Ivo, Maseda, Michael V., Matthee, Jorryt, McConachie, Ian, Naidu, Rohan P., Oesch, Pascal A., Rix, Hans-Walter, Setton, David J., and Whitaker, Katherine E.
Abstract: The JWST discovery of ``little red dots'' (LRDs) is reshaping our picture of the early Universe, yet the physical mechanisms driving their compact size and UV-optical colors remain elusive. Here we report an unusually bright LRD ($z=3.1$) observed as part of the RUBIES program. This LRD exhibits broad emission lines (FWHM $\sim4000$km/s), a blue UV continuum, a clear Balmer break and a red continuum sampled out to rest 4 $\mu$m with MIRI. We develop a new joint galaxy and AGN model within the Prospector Bayesian inference framework and perform spectrophotometric modeling using NIRCam, MIRI, and NIRSpec/Prism observations. Our fiducial model reveals a $M_*\sim 10^9M_\odot$ galaxy alongside a dust-reddened AGN driving the optical emission. Explaining the rest-frame optical color as a reddened AGN requires $A_{\rm v}\gtrsim4$, suggesting that a great majority of the accretion disk energy is re-radiated as dust emission. Yet despite clear AGN signatures, we find a surprising lack of hot torus emission, which implies that either the dust emission in this object must be cold, or the red continuum must instead be driven by a massive, evolved stellar population of the host galaxy -- seemingly inconsistent with the high EW broad lines (H$\alpha$ EW $\sim800$\AA). The widths and luminosities of Pa$\beta$, Pa$\delta$, Pa$\gamma$, and H$\alpha$ imply a modest black hole mass of $M_{\rm BH}\sim10^8M_\odot$. Additionally, we identify a narrow blue-shifted HeI absorption in G395M spectra, signaling an ionized outflow with kinetic energy up to $\sim1$\% the luminosity of the AGN. The low redshift of RUBIES-BLAGN-1 combined with the depth and richness of the JWST imaging and spectroscopic observations provide a unique opportunity to build a physical model for these so-far mysterious LRDs, which may prove to be a crucial phase in the early formation of massive galaxies and their supermassive black holes., Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2024

16. UNCOVER NIRSpec/PRISM Spectroscopy Unveils Evidence of Early Core Formation in a Massive, Centrally Dusty Quiescent Galaxy at $z_{spec}=3.97$

Author: Setton, David J., Khullar, Gourav, Miller, Tim B., Bezanson, Rachel, Greene, Jenny E., Suess, Katherine A., Whitaker, Katherine E., Antwi-Danso, Jacqueline, Atek, Hakim, Brammer, Gabriel, Cutler, Sam E., Dayal, Pratika, Feldmann, Robert, Furtak, Lukas J., Fujimoto, Seiji, Glazebrook, Karl, Goulding, Andy D., Kokorev, Vasily, Labbe, Ivo, Leja, Joel, Ma, Yilun, Marchesini, Danilo, Nanayakkara, Themiya, Pan, Richard, Price, Sedona H., Siegel, Jared C., Shipley, Heath, Weaver, John R., van Dokkum, Pieter, Wang, Bingjie, Williams, Christina C., Setton, David J., Khullar, Gourav, Miller, Tim B., Bezanson, Rachel, Greene, Jenny E., Suess, Katherine A., Whitaker, Katherine E., Antwi-Danso, Jacqueline, Atek, Hakim, Brammer, Gabriel, Cutler, Sam E., Dayal, Pratika, Feldmann, Robert, Furtak, Lukas J., Fujimoto, Seiji, Glazebrook, Karl, Goulding, Andy D., Kokorev, Vasily, Labbe, Ivo, Leja, Joel, Ma, Yilun, Marchesini, Danilo, Nanayakkara, Themiya, Pan, Richard, Price, Sedona H., Siegel, Jared C., Shipley, Heath, Weaver, John R., van Dokkum, Pieter, Wang, Bingjie, and Williams, Christina C.
Abstract: We report the spectroscopic confirmation of a massive (\logM$=10.38 \pm_{0.09}^{0.08}$), HST-dark ($m_\mathrm{F150W} - m_\mathrm{F444W} = 3.6$) quiescent galaxy at $z_{spec}=3.97$ in the UNCOVER survey. NIRSpec/PRISM spectroscopy surprisingly reveals that the galaxy core is consistent with a low ($\lesssim$3 $M_\odot \ \mathrm{yr^{-1}}$) star formation rate despite evidence for moderate dust attenuation. The F444W image is well modeled with a two component S\'{e}rsic fit that favors a compact, $r_e\sim200$ pc, $n\sim2.9$ component and a more extended, $r_e\sim1.6$ kpc, $n\sim1.7$ component. The galaxy exhibits strong color gradients: the inner regions are significantly redder than the outskirts. Spectral energy distribution models that reproduce both the red colors and low star formation rate in the center of UNCOVER 18407 require both significant ($A_v\sim1.4$ mag) dust attenuation and a stellar mass-weighted age of 1 Gyr, implying 50\% of the stars in the core already formed by $z=8$. Using spatially resolved annular mass-to-light measurements enabled by the galaxy's moderate magnification ($\mu=2.12\pm_{0.01}^{0.05}$) to reconstruct a radial mass profile from the best-fitting two-component S\'{e}rsic model, we infer a total mass-weighted $r_\mathrm{eff} = 0.74 \pm_{0.17}^{0.22}$ kpc and log$(\Sigma_\mathrm{1 kpc} \ [\mathrm{M_\odot/kpc^2}]) = 9.65 \pm_{0.15}^{0.12}$. The early formation of a dense, quiescent, and dusty core embedded in a less attenuated stellar envelope suggests an evolutionary link between the earliest-forming massive galaxies and their elliptical descendants. Furthermore, the disparity between the global, integrated dust properties and the spatially resolved gradients highlights the importance of accounting for radially varying stellar populations when characterizing the early growth of galaxy structure., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to ApJ, comments welcome!
Published: 2024

17. Spectroscopic Confirmation of Obscured AGN Populations from Unsupervised Machine Learning

Author: Hviding, Raphael E., Hainline, Kevin N., Goulding, Andy D., Greene, Jenny E., Hviding, Raphael E., Hainline, Kevin N., Goulding, Andy D., and Greene, Jenny E.
Abstract: We present the result of a spectroscopic campaign targeting Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) candidates selected using a novel unsupervised machine-learning (ML) algorithm trained on optical and mid-infrared (mid-IR) photometry. AGN candidates are chosen without incorporating prior AGN selection criteria and are fainter, redder, and more numerous, $\sim$340 AGN deg$^{-2}$, than comparable photometric and spectroscopic samples. In this work we obtain 178 rest-optical spectra from two candidate ML-identified AGN classes with the Hectospec spectrograph on the MMT Observatory. We find that our first ML-identified group, is dominated by Type I AGNs (85%) with a $<3$% contamination rate from non-AGNs. Our second ML-identified group is comprised mostly of Type II AGNs (65%) with a moderate contamination rate of 15% primarily from star-forming galaxies. Our spectroscopic analyses suggest that the classes recover more obscured AGNs, confirming that ML techniques are effective at recovering large populations of AGNs at high levels of extinction. We demonstrate the efficacy of pairing existing WISE data with large-area and deep optical/near-infrared photometric surveys to select large populations of AGNs and recover obscured SMBH growth. This approach is well suited to upcoming photometric surveys, such as Euclid, Rubin, and Roman., Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Published: 2024

18. The HMXB Luminosity Functions of Dwarf Galaxies

Author: Geda, Robel, Goulding, Andy D., Lehmer, Bret D., Greene, Jenny E., Kulkarni, Anish, Geda, Robel, Goulding, Andy D., Lehmer, Bret D., Greene, Jenny E., and Kulkarni, Anish
Abstract: Drawing from the Chandra archive and using a carefully selected set of nearby dwarf galaxies, we present a calibrated high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) luminosity function in the low-mass galaxy regime and search for an already hinted at dependence on metallicity. Our study introduces a new sample of local dwarf galaxies (D < 12.5 Mpc and M* < 5 x 10^9 M_sun), expanding the specific star-formation rates (sSFR) and gas-phase metallicities probed in previous investigations. Our analysis of the observed X-ray luminosity function indicates a shallower power-law slope for the dwarf galaxy HMXB population. In our study, we focus on dwarf galaxies that are more representative in terms of sSFR compared to prior work. In this regime, the HMXB luminosity function exhibits significant stochastic sampling at high luminosities. This likely accounts for the pronounced scatter observed in the galaxy-integrated HMXB population's Lx/SFR versus metallicity for our galaxy sample. Our calibration is necessary to understand the AGN content of low mass galaxies identified in current and future X-ray survey fields and has implications for binary population synthesis models, as well as X-ray driven cosmic heating in the early universe., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

19. UNCOVERing the contribution of black holes to reionization in the JWST era

Author: Dayal, Pratika, Volonteri, Marta, Greene, Jenny E., Kokorev, Vasily, Goulding, Andy D., Williams, Christina C., Furtak, Lukas J., Zitrin, Adi, Atek, Hakim, Chemerynska, Iryna, Feldmann, Robert, Glazebrook, Karl, Labbe, Ivo, Nanayakkara, Themiya, Oesch, Pascal A., Weaver, John R., Dayal, Pratika, Volonteri, Marta, Greene, Jenny E., Kokorev, Vasily, Goulding, Andy D., Williams, Christina C., Furtak, Lukas J., Zitrin, Adi, Atek, Hakim, Chemerynska, Iryna, Feldmann, Robert, Glazebrook, Karl, Labbe, Ivo, Nanayakkara, Themiya, Oesch, Pascal A., and Weaver, John R.
Abstract: With its sensitivity in the rest-frame optical, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered active galactic nuclei (AGN), comprising both intrinsically faint and heavily reddened sources, well into the first billion years of the Universe, at $z \sim 4-11$. In this work, we revisit the AGN contribution to reionization given the high number densities associated with these objects. We use the DELPHI semi-analytic model, base-lined against the latest high-redshift datasets from the JWST and the Atacama Large millimetre Array (ALMA) to model early star forming galaxies and AGN. We calculate the escape fractions of ionizing radiation from both star formation and AGN and include the impact of reionization feeback in suppressing the baryonic content of low-mass galaxies in ionized regions. This model is validated against the key observables for star forming galaxy, AGN and reionization. In our {\it fiducial} model, reionization reaches its mid-point at $z \sim 6.9$ and ends by $z \sim 5.9$. Low stellar mass ($M_*\leq 10^9M_\odot$) star forming galaxies are found to be the key drivers of the reionization process, providing about $77\%$ of the total photon budget. Despite their high numbers, high accretion rates and higher escape fractions compared to star forming galaxies at $z \sim 5$, AGN only provide about $23\%$ of the total reionization budget which is dominated by black holes in high stellar mass systems (with $M_* \geq 10^9M_\odot$). This is because AGN number densities become relevant only at $z \leq 7$ - as a result, AGN contribute as much as galaxies as late as $z \sim 6.2$, when reionization is already in its end stages. Finally, we find that even contrasting models of the AGN ionizing photon escape fraction (increasing or decreasing with stellar mass) do not qualitatively change our results., Comment: Submitted to A&A; comments welcome
Published: 2024

20. Evidence for Intrinsic X-ray Weakness Among Red Quasars at Cosmic Noon

Author: Ma, Yilun, Goulding, Andy, Greene, Jenny E., Zakamska, Nadia L., Wylezalek, Dominika, Jiang, Yan-Fei, Ma, Yilun, Goulding, Andy, Greene, Jenny E., Zakamska, Nadia L., Wylezalek, Dominika, and Jiang, Yan-Fei
Abstract: Quasar feedback is a key ingredient in shaping galaxy evolution. A rare population of extremely red quasars (ERQs) at $z=2-3$ are often associated with high-velocity [OIII]$\lambda5008$ outflows and may represent sites of strong feedback. In this paper, we present an X-ray study of 50 ERQs to investigate the link between the X-ray and outflow properties of these intriguing objects. Using hardness ratio analysis, we confirm that the ERQs are heavily obscured systems with gas column density reaching $N_\mathrm{H}=10^{23-24}\,\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$. We identify 17 X-ray-non-detected ERQs at high mid-infrared luminosities of $\nu L_\mathrm{\nu,6\mu m}\gtrsim3\times10^{46}\,\mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}}$. By stacking the X-ray observations, we find that the non-detected ERQs are on average underluminous in X-rays by a factor of $\sim5$ for their bolometric luminosities. We consider such X-ray weakness to be due to both gas absorption and intrinsic factors. Moreover, we find that the X-ray-weak sources also display higher-velocity outflows. One option to explain this trend is that weaker X-rays facilitate more vigorous line-driven winds, which then accelerate the [OIII]-emitting gas to kpc-scales. Alternatively, super-Eddington accretion could also lead to intrinsic X-ray weakness and more powerful continuum-driven outflow., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, submitted to ApJ
Published: 2024

21. Little Red Dots:An Abundant Population of Faint Active Galactic Nuclei at z ∼ 5 Revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST Surveys

Author: Matthee, Jorryt, Naidu, Rohan P., Brammer, Gabriel, Chisholm, John, Eilers, Anna-christina, Goulding, Andy, Greene, Jenny, Kashino, Daichi, Labbe, Ivo, Lilly, Simon J., Mackenzie, Ruari, Oesch, Pascal A., Weibel, Andrea, Wuyts, Stijn, Xiao, Mengyuan, Bordoloi, Rongmon, Bouwens, Rychard, Van Dokkum, Pieter, Illingworth, Garth, Kramarenko, Ivan, Maseda, Michael V., Mason, Charlotte, Meyer, Romain A., Nelson, Erica J., Reddy, Naveen A., Shivaei, Irene, Simcoe, Robert A., Yue, Minghao, Matthee, Jorryt, Naidu, Rohan P., Brammer, Gabriel, Chisholm, John, Eilers, Anna-christina, Goulding, Andy, Greene, Jenny, Kashino, Daichi, Labbe, Ivo, Lilly, Simon J., Mackenzie, Ruari, Oesch, Pascal A., Weibel, Andrea, Wuyts, Stijn, Xiao, Mengyuan, Bordoloi, Rongmon, Bouwens, Rychard, Van Dokkum, Pieter, Illingworth, Garth, Kramarenko, Ivan, Maseda, Michael V., Mason, Charlotte, Meyer, Romain A., Nelson, Erica J., Reddy, Naveen A., Shivaei, Irene, Simcoe, Robert A., and Yue, Minghao
Published: 2024

22. A high black-hole-to-host mass ratio in a lensed AGN in the early Universe

Author: Furtak, Lukas J., Labbé, Ivo, Zitrin, Adi, Greene, Jenny E., Dayal, Pratika, Chemerynska, Iryna, Kokorev, Vasily, Miller, Tim B., Goulding, Andy D., De Graaff, Anna, Bezanson, Rachel, Brammer, Gabriel B., Cutler, Sam E., Leja, Joel, Pan, Richard, Price, Sedona H., Wang, Bingjie, Weaver, John R., Whitaker, Katherine E., Atek, Hakim, Bogdán, Ákos, Charlot, Stéphane, Curtis-lake, Emma, Van Dokkum, Pieter, Endsley, Ryan, Feldmann, Robert, Fudamoto, Yoshinobu, Fujimoto, Seiji, Glazebrook, Karl, Juneau, Stéphanie, Marchesini, Danilo, Maseda, Micheal V., Nelson, Erica, Oesch, Pascal A., Plat, Adèle, Setton, David J., Stark, Daniel P., Williams, Christina C., Furtak, Lukas J., Labbé, Ivo, Zitrin, Adi, Greene, Jenny E., Dayal, Pratika, Chemerynska, Iryna, Kokorev, Vasily, Miller, Tim B., Goulding, Andy D., De Graaff, Anna, Bezanson, Rachel, Brammer, Gabriel B., Cutler, Sam E., Leja, Joel, Pan, Richard, Price, Sedona H., Wang, Bingjie, Weaver, John R., Whitaker, Katherine E., Atek, Hakim, Bogdán, Ákos, Charlot, Stéphane, Curtis-lake, Emma, Van Dokkum, Pieter, Endsley, Ryan, Feldmann, Robert, Fudamoto, Yoshinobu, Fujimoto, Seiji, Glazebrook, Karl, Juneau, Stéphanie, Marchesini, Danilo, Maseda, Micheal V., Nelson, Erica, Oesch, Pascal A., Plat, Adèle, Setton, David J., Stark, Daniel P., and Williams, Christina C.
Published: 2024

23. Exploring the Unexplored: Understanding the Impact of Layer Adjustments on Image Classification

Author: Liu, Haixia, Brailsford, Tim, Goulding, James, Smith, Gavin, Bull, Larry, Liu, Haixia, Brailsford, Tim, Goulding, James, Smith, Gavin, and Bull, Larry
Abstract: This paper investigates how adjustments to deep learning architectures impact model performance in image classification. Small-scale experiments generate initial insights although the trends observed are not consistent with the entire dataset. Filtering operations in the image processing pipeline are crucial, with image filtering before pre-processing yielding better results. The choice and order of layers as well as filter placement significantly impact model performance. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing deep learning models, with potential avenues for future research including collaborative platforms.
Published: 2024

24. The use of electric potential sensors in nuclear magnetic resonance and particle detection applications

Author: Goulding, Philip
Subjects: 620, QC0770 Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Abstract: The work in this thesis extends the applications of the Electric Potential Sensor (EPS) designed by the Sensor Research Technology Centre. Combined is work undertaken in two areas related by their application in security systems: low-field nuclear magnetic resonance with electric-field acquisition, and particle detection for alpha, beta and neutron radiation. In both these areas the EPS is used as to acquire signals. The first half of the thesis consists of the work undertaken to design a low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometer to detect drugs and explosives. In doing so, the use of the electric field detection technique - patented by Sussex University - is extended to low-field NMR work. The eventual negative results in this field lead first to the design of a simpler proton magnetometer apparatus, a design which would confirm the use of the EPS at low frequencies, and eventually to a change in direction of the research: particle detection. Detailed in this first section are a theoretical explanation of NMR in chapter 2, and a chapter covering the design and testing of the equipment in chapter 3. The particle detection part of the thesis covers modifications made to the EPS in order to detect particles and experiments conducted to confirm their operation. As in the NMR section, the work is split into a theory chapter which underpins the work, providing context for the experiments chapter. Chapter 5 covers the detection of alpha, beta and neutron radiation and the use of feedback to control the RC time constant of the front end of the sensor. The work in this thesis concludes negative results in the NMR area, but proves the EPS particle detector as a viable, cost effective alternative to conventional detectors.
Published: 2015

25. The variability of M dwarfs

Author: Goulding, Niall Thomas
Subjects: 523.8, Low mass stars, Stellar variability, Stellar spots, M dwarfs, Galactic astronomy, Galactic astronomy, Time series analysis
Abstract: M dwarfs have been the subject of renewed interest as potential habitable planet hosts and have increasingly become the targets of planet detection surveys. Currently, however, the number of detections of transiting M dwarf planets remain low. The characterisation of M dwarf activity is an important consideration for such surveys, and provides constraints on the modelling of magnetically active low mass stars. Currently the spottedness of M dwarfs is not well understood owing to their intrinsic faintness and the lack of diagnostics for assessing starspot morphologies and distributions. The WFCAM Transit Survey (WTS) contains long term observations of M dwarfs in the near infra-red and presents an opportunity to study the long term variability of M dwarfs. The M dwarfs in the WTS are identified by use of colour-spectral type relations, and the periodically variable M dwarfs in the sample are detected using a Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis. A total of 72 periodically variable M dwarfs are found with periods ranging from 0.16 to 90.33 days. The relations between the spectral subtypes, amplitudes and periods are studied and comparisons to earlier works studying M dwarf rotation are made. A number of examples of significant spot evolution are found, which exhibit complex light curve morphologies that vary in form and amplitude over periods of months to years. This provides an indication as to the nature of the spottedness of these stars. Simulations are performed to probe the connection between spot coverage, temperature and light curve amplitude. Using the results from these simulations, the spot coverage fractions of the WTS M dwarfs are estimated and they are found to be heavily spotted. Dynamic models with spots evolving at various average rates are used to explore how spot evolution can drive increased dispersion in the light curves, and to what extent this affects the detectability of periodicity by the method used. It is found that spot evolution can invoke significant noise in an M dwarf light curve, and in combination with photon noise, can in some instances inhibit the detection of a period. In reflection of the results, the relation between the light curve dispersion and spot coverage of the WTS M dwarfs is considered and it is found that more heavily spotted M dwarfs have intrinsically noisier light curves. The morphologies of the light curves produced by the simulations, and the manner in which they evolve, are qualitatively similar to the real M dwarfs in the WTS sample and indicate how models extrapolated from sunspot distributions can explain behaviour seen in active M dwarf light curves.
Published: 2013

26. The quality and safety of healthcare provided to hospital inpatients who are placed on clinically inappropriate wards

Author: Goulding, Lucy, Watt, Ian, and Wright, John
Subjects: 362.11
Abstract: Background: Almost all NHS hospitals regularly place patients on wards that are not clinically appropriate if there are no beds available on the correct specialty ward. Such patients are commonly called outliers. Approximately one in ten NHS inpatients experience an adverse event that causes them harm as a direct result of the care they receive while in hospital. It was hypothesised that placement on a ward that is not clinically appropriate for patients’ needs could act as an underlying (latent) condition which may increase patients’ susceptibility to adverse events. Methods: A descriptive quantitative study of the outliers and other inpatients in a single large NHS Foundation Trust was conducted using routinely available data. The aims were to investigate: the trend of outliers over the course of one year, age, gender, specialty, internal transfers between wards, length of stay in hospital and mortality. Two separate qualitative interview studies were conducted at the Trust to ascertain NHS staff members’ and patients’ perceptions and experiences of the quality and safety of care received by outlying patients. Results: Medical and elderly outliers increased over the winter months. Outliers were transferred between wards a significantly greater number of times than other inpatients. Multivariate analyses demonstrated no differences in age, gender, or mortality; however, outliers stayed in hospital significantly longer than other inpatients and outliers were significantly more likely to come from medicine than from any other specialty. Both staff and patients identified a number of factors which may contribute to healthcare errors experienced by outlying patients. Placement of patients on clinically inappropriate wards creates competing demands on staff members’ time and consequently results in delays, poses a number of communication barriers, compromises input from knowledgeable staff, may provide an unsuitable ward environment, and can be inappropriate for individual patients’ needs. Conclusions: The placement of patients on clinically inappropriate wards is a specific patient safety concern and constitutes a latent condition which may expose patients to a number of contributory factors that underlie adverse events. The quality of care may be compromised as outliers are often prioritised beneath other inpatients.
Published: 2011

27. Towards a complete census of active galactic nuclei in the nearby Universe

Author: Goulding, Andrew
Subjects: 520
Abstract: As it is well established that almost all galaxies host a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), it is natural to ask, how many of these SMBHs are actively accreting? Studies aimed at answering this question can better define the fraction of nearby galaxies that harbour active galactic nuclei (AGNs), provide constraints on the growth of local SMBHs, and further our understanding towards the connection between AGN activity and galaxy evolution. In the first part of this thesis, we use high-quality mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy to investigate the ubiquity of AGN activity in a complete volume-limited sample of nearby galaxies to D<15 Mpc. We present analyses based on the detection of high-excitation emission lines to unambiguously identify AGNs in even the most heavily dust-obscured and gas-rich galaxies. We find that almost half of the AGN population are not identified in large-scale optical surveys, most likely due to strong circumnuclear star-formation activity and/or extinction through the host galaxy. In the second part of this thesis, we use sensitive hard X-ray (2-10 keV) and mid-IR constraints to calculate bolometric luminosities of these D<15 Mpc AGNs and combine these luminosities with well-constrained SMBH masses to estimate relative mass accretion rates. We use these data to calculate the volume-average SMBH growth rate of galaxies in the local Universe and find that AGNs hosting SMBHs with M_BH ~ 10^6-10^7 M_o are dominated by optically unidentified AGNs. These relatively small SMBHs are acquiring a significant proportion of their mass in the present-day and are amongst the most rapidly growing in the local Universe. In the third part of this thesis, we using [NeV]3427A as an unambiguous indicator of AGN activity to assess the incidence of AGNs in a statistically significant galaxy sample derived from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). On the basis of [NeV], we find strong empirical evidence that the theoretical maximum starburst limit provides a good identification threshold for AGNs. However, we find that only ~27% of Seyfert galaxies have strong detections of [NeV]3427A in their optical spectroscopy. Using spectral stacking analyses we determine that the lack of high-ionisation emission line signatures are due to poor spectral sensitivity and/or high levels of dust extinction. In the final part of this thesis, we use a suite of mid-IR, optical and X-ray luminosity indicators to search for Compton-thick AGNs at z~0.03-0.2, a region of parameter space which is currently poorly constrained by deep narrow-field X-ray surveys. We use the XMM-Newton serendipity survey and the SDSS to select a sample of 14 candidate Compton-thick AGNs. On the basis of the optical [OIII], mid-IR [OIV] and 6um AGN continuum luminosities we conservatively find that the X-ray emission in almost half of our sample appear to be attenuated by a factor >15, i.e., they are likely to be obscured by Compton-thick material with N_H > 1.5 x 10^24 cm^-2. Under the reasonable assumption that our 14 AGNs are representative of the overall X-ray undetected AGN population in the SDSS-XMM parent sample, we estimate that >20% of the optical Type-2 AGN population are likely to be obscured by Compton-thick material. These Compton-thick AGNs identified in our sample harbour some of the most rapidly growing SMBHs in the nearby Universe. Overall, the techniques and results presented in this thesis have arguably provided the most complete and unambiguous census of AGN activity in nearby galaxies to date.
Published: 2010

28. The discursive construction of professional identity in teaching English as a foreign language

Author: Goulding, David
Subjects: 428.2
Published: 2010

29. Wavelet regularization and the continuous relaxation spectrum

Author: Goulding, Neil J.
Subjects: 515
Abstract: An in-depth account of the wavelet regularization mechanisms acting in this method of continuous relaxation spectrum recovery is given. It is shown that that scaling parameter of the wavelets controls the resolution of the spectrum, whilst the number of basis functions controls the sparsity of the approximation.
Published: 2010

30. The Human Genome Project: Biology, Computers, and Privacy.

Author: Biological Sciences Curriculum Study, Colorado Springs., Cutter, Mary Ann G., Drexler, Edward, Gottesman, Kay S., Goulding, Philip G., McCullough, Laurence B., McInerney, Joseph D., Micikas, Lynda B., Mural, Richard J., Murray, Jeffrey C., and Zola, John
Abstract: This module, for high school teachers, is the second of two modules about the Human Genome Project (HGP) produced by the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS). The first section of this module provides background information for teachers about the structure and objectives of the HGP, aspects of the science and technology that underlie the HGP, information science as it relates to the HGP, and ethics and public policy, especially as they concern information science and the HGP. This section also provides general information on teaching the activities provided in this module, general guidance for discussing values and controversial issues in the classroom, and specific assistance with the supporting software that can be used with this module. The second section of the module includes seven annotated classroom activities plus database software pertaining to genomic registries, explaining the outliers, genetic anticipation, control of information about genes, making public policy, and HGP data and evolutionary biology. (DDR)
Published: 1996

31. Lung innate homeostasis and susceptibility to viral induced secondary bacterial pneumonias

Author: Goulding, John Charles and Hussell, Tracy
Subjects: 616.9
Abstract: Influenza A virus causes significant and well publicised morbidity and mortality as a single infection. However, in combination with a secondary bacterial super infection the resulting prognosis is worse and can result in hospitalisation or death. Despite extensive clinical and epidemiological evidence, the precise immunological mechanism(s) responsible for increasing susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections remain unknown. Possible mechanisms include disruption to the epithelial barrier, up-regulation of bacterial adhesion receptors, virus-induced immune suppression or a combination of all three. In this thesis we examine a novel hypothesis that suggests influenza virus infection alters the lung homeostatic microenvironment resulting in a state of immune unresponsiveness that increases susceptibility to subsequent respiratory bacterial infections. This thesis demonstrates that respiratory bacterial complications only arise once influenza has caused significant respiratory damage and can occur many days after viral elimination. We also demonstrate that influenza infection results in a long term desensitisation of alveolar macrophage responses to subsequent bacteria and their products. Furthermore, in an attempt to resolve viral associated inflammation, the airway inadvertently over regulates by enhancing an innate immune negative regulator, CD200R, resulting in a transient state of immune hypo-responsiveness. Removal of this single receptor limits bacterial burden and completely prevents lethal bacteraemia. Finally, we provide preliminary data that suggests airway antimicrobial peptide expression is altered during an influenza infection and that innate immune status of the host can influence commensal bacteria communities of the upper respiratory tract. This thesis highlights that infection history can significantly influence host immunity to subsequent infections and how an increased awareness of this could lead to more targeted use of existing antimicrobial therapies and the development of much needed novel therapeutics. Adjustment of the level of innate responsiveness may therefore provide a novel opportunity to prevent life-threatening consequences of lung influenza virus infection.
Published: 2009
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32. Experiencing Tudor architecture : exploring masculine identity in post-medieval space

Author: Goulding, Rupert
Subjects: 720.94209024
Published: 2007

33. Conceptualising supply-side seasonality in tourism : a study of the temporal trading behaviours for small tourism businesses in Scotland

Author: Goulding, Philip John
Subjects: 338.47910688
Abstract: Seasonality in tourism is one of its most enduring features. During the past half century, the phenomenon has been studied extensively in order to gain insight into its dynamics. However, much of the empirical evidence has been developed from a demand-side perspective, focusing on the temporal travel behaviours and motivations of consumers. Conversely, relatively little attention has been paid to tourism's diverse supply-side elements, especially those at the destination. This study aims to redress that imbalance. It considers a key element of the destination mix in Scotland, the privately operated small tourism related business, specifically those who operate their business on a seasonal basis. Such businesses epitomise supply-side seasonality, yet their temporal operating behaviours and the underlying motivations and influences of these have evaded systematic examination. The thesis is therefore an attempt to aid understanding of the relationships between tourism seasonality and small business service provision. It represents an inductive, interpretivistic approach to the subject. In reviewing the tourism seasonality and small business literatures, it is argued that existing constructs of seasonality, entrepreneurialism and growth orientation, family business and 'lifestyle' business fail to shed light on the complexities of temporal trading among small businesses and indeed on the meanings of 'seasonality' from a supply-side perspective. Moreover, findings from an exploratory study and contextual literature reveal a variety of contextual factors that impinge on temporal trading behaviours. A nationwide survey of seasonally trading Scottish small businesses identifies distinct patterns of behaviour, influences and motivations according to type of business, demographic and contextual variables. Disposition and circumstance are identified as key formative elements in conceptualising supply-side temporal behaviours.
Published: 2006
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34. Development of the giant fibre system of 'Drosophila melanogaster'

Author: Goulding, Ann
Subjects: 572.86515774
Published: 2005

35. An investigation of free-living wild boar Sus scrofa L. in southern England

Author: Goulding, Martin John
Subjects: 599, Feral pigs
Published: 2003

36. The influence of James Lind on the scientific and philosophical thought of Percy Bysshe Shelley

Author: Goulding, Christopher
Subjects: 821, Literature
Abstract: Though James Lind MD, FRS (1736-1812) has long been a feature of Shelleyan biography, references to him have been superficial, and subject to often repeated inaccuracies. Frequently dismissed as an eccentric or passed over altogether, Lind has become a purely biographical figure, associated only with a brief episode in the poet's childhood. Despite Shelley's own assertion that he owed more to Lind than to his own father, generations of critics have largely ignored the possibility of any influence by him on Shelley's creative work. Lind was, in fact, an extremely accomplished practitioner in every field of natural philosophy that interested Shelley, and that was later to infuse his poetry with its unique scientific metaphorical imagery. These subjects included medicine, astronomy, chemistry, geology, and meteorology. Though an obscure figure himself, Lind was a friend or correspondent of many of the greatest figures of the Enlightenment, such as Benjamin Franklin, William Herschel, David Hume, James Watt, and many others. Drawing upon original archival and historical research, Lind is proposed as a new influence on Shelleyan passages whose scientific character may already have been recognised, but with Lind now providing a more likely origin or more direct link for influences thus far attributed to other conjectural sources. Lind is also introduced as a potential source for certain segments of the poet's work whose possible significance has hitherto gone entirely unrecognised. This thesis aims to raise the profile of James Lind as an influence on Percy Shelley's work, and also to contribute new material to our understanding of Shelley's scientific thought. Comparisons are also made with existing scientific commentary on Shelley's work. In pursuit of these aims, this thesis is necessarily themed with reference to the scientific subjects under discussion, rather than chronologically, or textually.
Published: 2002

37. A study on the localisation of the PHEX gene, and mutation analysis of patients with X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets

Author: Goulding, Jonathan N.
Subjects: 616.3
Abstract: X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (HYP) is an X-linked dominant disorder that affects 1 in 20000 live births. The disease is characterised by a failure of the kidney to reabsorb phosphate from the glomerular filtrate, resulting in a phosphate leak and hypophosphataemia. The disease had previously been localised to the Xp22.1-22.2 region of the X chromosome, flanked by polymorphic markers DXS43andDXS41. Twenty affected kindreds were screened with an additional eleven polymorphic markers, which localised the gene to a 200-300 kb region in Xp22.1, which lay on a single YAC, A0472. To further order the markers a YAC and cosmid contig from the region were also screened with these markers, with the following marker order deemed the most likely: Xptel - DXS43 - DXS197 - DXS999 - DXS443 - (DXS365, DXS7475, DXS7101) -DXS7474 - DXS7473 - HYP - DXS1683 - DXS1052 - DXS274 - DXS41 - Xcen. Screening Southern blots of patient DNA with cosmids that overlapped YAC A0472, identified a cosmid that showed an altered banding pattern, and therefore a mutation, in two unrelated individuals. This cosmid was sequenced and a candidate gene (PHEX) identified. The gene showed homology at the amino acid level to a family of metalloendopeptidases. To confirm that PHEX was the gene involved in X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets, patient DNA from eighty unrelated families was screened by Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP). A total of twenty three different mutations were identified, which included both deletions and point mutations. This confirmed that PHEX was the gene involved in the HYP disorder.
Published: 2001

38. Structure and interactions in confined fluids

Author: Goulding, David
Subjects: 530.42
Published: 2000

39. GAPP-IT : a generic IT training model for construction

Author: Goulding, Jack Steven
Subjects: 658, Business strategy, Information techology
Abstract: Construction organisations are increasingly focussing their energies, resources, and aspirations to the development of strategy. In this context, information technology (IT) is progressively being used as a core tool and enabler of the business strategy (BS), particularly in areas of strategic analysis and knowledge management. However, two major issues should be considered concerning the use of IT; the first of which relates to the technology itself - specifically how this can be used (and evaluated) to support the business; and the second issue concerns implementation - the details of which naturally embraces many aspects, including the provision of (and support for) IT training. From an IT perspective therefore, organisations should endeavour to match opportunity with corporate capability, the edict of which requires appropriately trained and skilled workforce to deliver IT capability (to match skills with demand). Training can be considered an investment, the remit of which aims to prepare organisations to adapt to the changing business environment (to meet current and future business needs). Whilst the provision of training can often lead to improved performance, organisations must however engage appropriate mechanisms to evaluate (and assess) the impact of IT training on the business performance gap. Organisations are therefore increasingly using 'process' to improve business performance, the concepts of which focus on activities (how things are done), rather than the product ('what' is produced). Many large construction organisations are now using maps and protocols to deliver business benefits. In this context, the process approach to IT (and its link with the BS) could therefore enable process users to more readily appreciate (and assess) the impact of IT training on the business performance gap. This research introduces a Generic Assessment Process Protocol model for IT training (GAPP-IT) for specific use in the construction business environment. It engages the Process Protocol (PP) methodology to identify the key sequential stages (gates) and issues required to satisfy (or close) the business performance gap.
Published: 2000

40. Studies of new neural bHLH genes in Drosophila melanogaster

Author: Goulding, Sarah
Subjects: 571.1
Abstract: In the Drosophila peripheral nervous system (PNS), neuronal cell fates are specified by a hierarchy of events that are ultimately regulated at the level of transcription. The basic helix-loop helix (bHLH) protein family of transcription regulators are widely implicated throughout development. The first bHLH proteins shown to be involved in neurogenesis were those encoded by the Drosophila achaete-scute complex (AS-C). These are known as proneural genes because they are required during the earliest step of neurogenesis in which naive ectodermal cells are selected to become neural precursors. The AS-C govern the determination of precursors for the external sensory bristles. Another proneural gene, ato, is required for the precursors of the chordotonal organs, photoreceptors and some olfactory sensilla. However, these genes alone do not account for the formation of the rest of the nervous system, thus there must be other proneural candidate genes to be discovered. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that other bHLH factors are required throughout neurogenesis, acting in interlinked cascades at each successive level of cell differentiation. These too, have yet to be identified. In the expectation that more Drosophila neural bHLH genes exist, I searched for new genes on the basis of homology to ato. Indeed in this way I identified two new ato-like bHLH proteins. The molecular characterisation, expression and functional analyses of these genes are presented in this thesis. amos (absent MD neurons and olfactory sensilla) is a new proneural gene, required for the selection of neural precursors of larval md neurons and adult olfactory sensilla. On the other hand, cato (cousin of ato), ensures the proper differentiation of the sensory neurons.
Published: 1999

41. Studies on the mathematical and astronomical papers of Sir Henry Savile

Author: Goulding, Robert David
Subjects: 900, Mathematical works, Scientific papers
Published: 1999

42. Genesis and preservation of metalliferous sediments

Author: Goulding, Helen Claire
Subjects: 551.46, Oceanography
Abstract: Major, trace and rare earth element data are presented on a series of Fe-oxide sediments from the active TAG mound (26°N, Mid Atlantic Ridge) and the Cretaceous Semail Ophiolite of Oman. The data are used to investigate the genesis of the sediments and form the basis of a comparative study of sediment formation and post-depositional processes in the two tectonic settings. A 25cm push core from the southern periphery of the TAG mound displays marked mineralogical and geochemical gradients, which are consistent with sharp redox contrasts in the subsurface. This study demonstrates that Mn concentrations of up to 16% occur in proximal sediments, which has not previously been observed at TAG. The sediment geochemistry provides evidence for a low temperature, oxidising fluid with a distinct REE pattern, which is responsible for direct precipitation of sediments. Ocean Drilling Program material recovered from near the surface of the TAG mound shows textures and mineralogy typical of mound crusts and immature sulphide ledges. These samples show evidence for the sub-surface circulation and zone refining inferred from TAG drilling results. For the first time, this study documents REE patterns for individual siliceous Fe oxide grains rather than bulk sediments. These patterns show marked positive Eu anomalies and reflect derivation from a hydrothermal source. Evidence is seen for silicification of at least parts of the system by direct precipitation of silica from low temperature fluids. Weathering of sulphide material is intense west of the black smoker complex, but insignificant in the southern areas of the mound where low temperature flow dominates the mineralogy and geochemistry. Whilst sediments from the Semail ophiolite are associated with TAG-like ore deposits and have settings and sedimentological textures reminiscent of TAG samples, the REE inventory for most of these is completely overprinted by seawater scavenging that occurs on the seafloor prior to obduction. However one sample from Yanbu and two from the Zuha gossan show REE patterns with a remnant hydrothermal signature.
Published: 1998

43. A grounded theory investigation of contemporary consumer behaviour in relation to museum/heritage consumption : a motivational and experimental analysis

Author: Goulding, Christina
Subjects: 330, Economics & economic theory
Published: 1997

44. Disruption prediction with artificial intelligence techniques in tokamak plasmas

Author: Vega, J, Murari, A, Dormido-Canto, S, Ratta, G, Gelfusa, M, Mailloux, J, Abid, N, Abraham, K, Abreu, P, Adabonyan, O, Adrich, P, Afanasev, V, Afzal, M, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Akhtar, M, Albanese, R, Alderson-Martin, M, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Aleksa, A, Alekseev, A, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Algualcil, J, Ali, M, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amosov, V, Sunden, E, Andrew, P, Angelini, B, Angioni, C, Antoniou, I, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Aria, S, Ariola, M, Artaserse, G, Arter, W, Artigues, V, Asakura, N, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Astrain, M, Asztalos, O, Auld, D, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Aymerich, E, Baciero, A, Bairaktaris, F, Balbin, J, Balbinot, L, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, C, Balshaw, N, Bandaru, V, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barcellona, C, Barnard, A, Barnard, M, Barnsley, R, Barth, A, Baruzzo, M, Barwell, S, Bassan, M, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baumane, L, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Beaumont, P, Beckett, D, Begolli, A, Beidler, M, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Belli, E, Belli, F, Belonohy, E, Yaala, M, Benayas, J, Bentley, J, Bergsaker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Betar, H, Beurskens, M, Bickerton, S, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Bierwage, A, Biewer, T, Bilato, R, Bilkova, P, Birkenmeier, G, Bishop, H, Bizarro, J, Blackburn, J, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bohm, P, Bohm, T, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonfiglio, D, Bonnin, X, Bonofiglo, P, Boocock, S, Booth, A, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Boyd, K, Bozicevic Mihalic, I, Bradnam, S, Braic, V, Brandt, L, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Brix, M, Bromley, K, Brown, B, Brunetti, D, Buckingham, R, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buratti, P, Burgess, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butcher, D, de la Cal, E, Calabro, G, Calacci, L, Calado, R, Camenen, Y, Canal, G, Cannas, B, Cappelli, M, Carcangiu, S, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carnevale, D, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casiraghi, I, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catalan, J, Catarino, N, Causa, F, Cavedon, M, Cecconello, M, Challis, C, Chamberlain, B, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, B, Chernyshova, M, Chiariello, A, Chmielewski, P, Chomiczewska, A, Chone, L, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Citrin, J, Ciupinski, T, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colangeli, A, Colas, L, Collins, C, Collins, J, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, B, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, P, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corrigan, G, Coster, D, Cox, P, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Crapper, C, Craven, D, Craven, R, Esposito, M, Croci, G, Croft, D, Croitoru, A, Crombe, K, Cronin, T, Cruz, N, Crystal, C, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarski, T, Dabirikhah, H, Dal Molin, A, Dale, E, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, David, P, Davies, A, Davies, S, Davis, G, Dawson, K, Dawson, S, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Dejarnac, R, Del Sarto, D, Delabie, E, Del-Castillo-Negrete, D, Dempsey, A, Dendy, R, Devynck, P, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dickson, T, Dinca, P, Dittmar, T, Dobrashian, J, Doerner, R, Donne, A, Dorling, S, Douai, D, Dowson, S, Doyle, R, Dreval, M, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Drummond, G, Duckworth, P, Dudding, H, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunatov, T, Dunne, M, Duran, I, Durodie, F, Dux, R, Dvornova, A, Eastham, R, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Eichorn, A, Eidietis, N, Eksaeva, A, El Haroun, H, Ellwood, G, Elsmore, C, Embreus, O, Emery, S, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, B, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Ertmer, S, Esquembri, S, Esquisabel, A, Estrada, T, Evans, G, Evans, S, Fable, E, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falessi, M, Fanni, A, Farahani, A, Farquhar, I, Fasoli, A, Faugeras, B, Fazinie, S, Felici, F, Felton, R, Fernandes, A, Fernandes, H, Ferrand, J, Ferreira, D, Ferreira, J, Ferro, G, Fessey, J, Ficker, O, Field, A, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Fil, N, Finburg, P, Fiorucci, D, Fischer, U, Fishpool, G, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Flinders, K, Foley, S, Fonnesu, N, Fontana, M, Fontdecaba, J, Forbes, S, Formisano, A, Fornal, T, Fortuna, L, Fortuna-Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Fowler, C, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Fridstrom, R, Frigione, D, Fulop, T, Furseman, M, Fusco, V, Futatani, S, Gadariya, D, Gal, K, Galassi, D, Gafezka, K, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Galvao, R, Gao, Y, Garcia, J, Garcia-Munoz, M, Gardener, M, Garzotti, L, Gaspar, J, Gatto, R, Gaudio, P, Gear, D, Gebhart, T, Gee, S, George, R, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Gherendi, M, Ghezzi, F, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Giacometti, G, Gibson, C, Gibson, K, Gil, L, Gillgren, A, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Giroud, C, Glen, R, Gloggler, S, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborodko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodyear, A, Gore, S, Gorini, G, Gorler, T, Gotts, N, Goulding, R, Gow, E, Graham, B, Graves, J, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griffiths, J, Griph, S, Grist, D, Gromelski, W, Groth, M, Grove, R, Gruca, M, Guard, D, Gupta, N, Gurl, C, Gusarov, A, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hager, R, Hagg, L, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth-Cook, S, Ham, C, Hamaguchi, D, Hamed, M, Hamlyn-Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harford, E, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hayashi, T, Hazael, S, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heidbrink, B, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Herfindal, J, Hermon, G, Hill, J, Hillesheim, J, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Ho, A, Hobirk, J, Hoenen, O, Hogben, C, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Hollmann, E, Holzl, M, Homan, B, Hook, M, Hopley, D, Hora:ek, J, Horsley, D, Horsten, N, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Howell, R, Hu, Z, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Huijsmans, G, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Iliasova, M, Lmrie, D, Lmrisek, M, Lngleby, J, Innocente, P, Bjork, K, Isernia, N, lvanova-Stanik, I, Lvings, E, Jablonski, S, Jachmich, S, Jackson, T, Jacquet, P, Jarleblad, H, Jaulmes, F, Rodriguez, J, Jepu, I, Joffrin, E, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Johnston, J, Jones, C, Jones, G, Jones, L, Jones, N, Jones, T, Joyce, A, Juarez, R, Juvonen, M, Kalnina, P, Kaltiaisenaho, T, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Kashchuk, Y, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D, Kelly, R, Kempenaars, M, Kennedy, C, Kennedy, D, Kent, J, Khan, K, Khilkevich, E, Kiefer, C, Kilpelainen, J, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, S, King, D, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirjasuo, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kiviniemi, T, Kizane, G, Klas, M, Klepper, C, Klix, A, Kneale, G, Knight, M, Knight, P, Knights, R, Knipe, S, Knolker, M, Knott, S, Kocan, M, Kochl, F, Kodeli, I, Kolesnichenko, Y, Kominis, Y, Kong, M, Korovin, V, Kos, B, Kos, D, Koslowski, H, Kotschenreuther, M, Koubiti, M, Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E, Koziol, K, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Kresina, M, Krieger, K, Krishnan, N, Krivska, A, Kruezi, U, Ksiezek, I, Kukushkin, A, Kumpulainen, H, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurotaki, H, Kwak, S, Kwon, O, Laguardia, L, Lagzdina, E, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lam, N, Lambertz, H, Lane, B, Lane, C, Neto, E, Laszyriska, E, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Learoyd, G, Lee, C, Lee, S, Leerink, S, Leeson, T, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, H, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichtle, D, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Gutierrez, E, Lepiavko, B, Leppanen, J, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lewis, J, Leysen, W, Li, L, Li, Y, Likonen, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Litaudon, X, Litherland-Smith, E, Liu, F, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, P, Lopez, J, Lorenzini, R, Loreti, S, Losada, U, Loschiavo, V, Loughlin, M, Louka, Z, Lovell, J, Lowe, T, Lowry, C, Lubbad, S, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, de la Luna, E, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, C, Lunt, T, Lutsenko, V, Lyons, B, Lyssoivan, A, Machielsen, M, Macusova, E, Maenpaa, R, Maggi, C, Maggiora, R, Magness, M, Mahesan, S, Maier, H, Maingi, R, Malinowski, K, Manas, P, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manyer, J, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marceca, G, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Mariani, A, Mariano, G, Marin, M, Marinelli, M, Markovic, T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marsden, S, Marsh, J, Marshall, R, Martellucci, L, Martin, A, Martone, R, Maruyama, S, Maslov, M, Masuzaki, S, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Matveev, D, Matveeva, E, Mauriya, A, Maviglia, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, Mazzi, S, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mcclenaghan, J, Mccullen, P, Mcdonald, D, Mcguckin, D, Mchugh, D, Mclntyre, G, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Mcmillan, B, Mcnamee, L, Mcshee, A, Meakins, A, Medley, S, Meekes, C, Meghani, K, Meigs, A, Meisl, G, Meitner, S, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merriman, S, Mertens, P, Meshchaninov, S, Messiaen, A, Michling, R, Middleton, P, Middleton-Gear, D, Mietelski, J, Milanesio, D, Milani, E, Militello, F, Asp, A, Milnes, J, Milocco, A, Miloshevsky, G, Minghao, C, Minucci, S, Miron, I, Miyamoto, M, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Monaghan, P, Monakhov, I, Moody, T, Moon, S, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Morales, J, Morales, R, Mordijck, S, Moreira, L, Morgan, L, Moro, F, Morris, J, Morrison, K, Moser, L, Moulton, D, Mrowetz, T, Mundy, T, Muraglia, M, Muraro, A, Muthusonai, N, N'Konga, B, Na, Y, Nabais, F, Naden, M, Naish, J, Naish, R, Napoli, F, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, M, Nedzelskiy, I, Nemtsev, G, Nesenevich, V, Nestoras, I, Neu, R, Neverov, V, Ng, S, Nicassio, M, Nielsen, A, Nina, D, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nobs, C, Nocente, M, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Normanton, R, Noterdaeme, J, Nowak, S, Nunn, E, Nystrom, H, Oberparleiter, M, Obryk, B, O'Callaghan, J, Odupitan, T, Oliver, H, Olney, R, O'Mullane, M, Ongena, J, Organ, E, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Osborne, T, Otin, R, Otsuka, T, Owen, A, Oya, Y, Oyaizu, M, Paccagnella, R, Pace, N, Packer, L, Paige, S, Pajuste, E, Palade, D, Pamela, S, Panadero, N, 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G, Rasmussen, D, Rasmussen, J, Ratynskaia, S, Rebai, M, Refy, D, Reichle, R, Reinke, M, Reiser, D, Reux, C, Reynolds, S, Richiusa, M, Richyal, S, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, F, Risner, J, Riva, M, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Roach, C, Robins, R, Robinson, S, Robson, D, Rodionov, R, Rodrigues, P, Ramos, M, Rodriguez-Fernandez, P, Romanelli, F, Romanelli, M, Romanelli, S, Romazanov, J, Rossi, R, Rowe, S, Rowlands, D, Rubel, M, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ruchko, L, Ruiz, M, Ruiz, J, Ruset, C, Rzadkiewicz, J, Saarelma, S, Safi, E, Sahlberg, A, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Salmon, R, Salzedas, F, Sanders, I, Sandiford, D, Santos, B, Santucci, A, Sarkimaki, K, Sarwar, R, Sarychev, I, Sauter, O, Sauwan, P, Scapin, N, Schluck, F, Schmid, K, Schmuck, S, Schneider, M, Schneider, P, Schworer, D, Scott, G, Scott, M, Scraggs, D, Scully, S, Segato, M, Seo, J, Sergienko, G, Sertoli, M, Sharapov, S, Shaw, A, Sheikh, H, Sheikh, U, Shepherd, A, Shevelev, A, Shigin, P, Shinohara, K, Shiraiwa, S, Shiraki, D, Short, M, Sias, G, Silburn, S, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silva, J, Silvagni, D, Simfukwe, D, Simpson, J, Sinclair, D, Sipila, S, Sips, A, Siren, P, Sirinelli, A, Sjostrand, H, Skinner, N, Slater, J, Smith, N, Smith, P, Snell, J, Snoep, G, Snoj, L, Snyder, P, Soare, S, Solano, E, Solokha, V, Somers, A, Sommariva, C, Soni, K, Sorokovoy, E, Sos, M, Sousa, J, Sozzi, C, Spagnolo, S, Spelzini, T, Spineanu, F, Spong, D, Sprada, D, Sridhar, S, Srinivasan, C, Stables, G, Staebler, G, Stamatelatos, I, Stancar, Z, Staniec, P, Stankunas, G, Stead, M, Stefanikova, E, Stephen, A, Stephens, J, Stevenson, P, Stojanov, M, Strand, P, Strauss, H, Strikwerda, S, Strom, P, Stuart, C, Studholme, W, Subramani, M, Suchkov, E, Sumida, S, Sun, H, Susts, T, Svensson, J, Svoboda, J, Sweeney, R, Sytnykov, D, Szabolics, T, Szepesi, G, Tabia, B, Tadic, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tallargio, A, Tamain, P, Tan, H, Tanaka, K, Tang, W, Tardocchi, M, Taylor, D, Teimane, A, Telesca, G, Teplova, N, Teplukhina, A, Terentyev, D, Terra, A, Terranova, D, Terranova, N, Testa, D, Tholerus, E, Thomas, J, Thoren, E, Thorman, A, Tierens, W, Tinguely, R, Tipton, A, Todd, H, Tokitani, M, Tolias, P, Tomes, M, Tookey, A, Torikai, Y, von Toussaint, U, Tsavalas, P, Tskhakaya, D, Turner, I, Turner, M, Turnyanskiy, M, Tvalashvili, G, Tyrrell, S, Tyshchenko, M, Uccello, A, Udintsev, V, Urbanczyk, G, Vadgama, A, Valcarcel, D, Valisa, M, Olivares, P, Vallhagen, O, Valovic, M, Eester, D, Varje, J, Vartanian, S, Vasilopoulou, T, Vayakis, G, Vecsei, M, Ventre, S, Verdoolaege, G, Verona, C, Rinati, G, Veshchev, E, Vianello, N, Viezzer, E, Vignitchouk, L, Vila, R, Villari, R, Villone, F, Vincenzi, P, Vinyar, I, Viola, B, Virtanen, A, Vitins, A, Vizvary, Z, Vlad, G, Vlad, M, Vondracek, P, de Vries, P, Wakeling, B, Walkden, N, Walker, M, Walker, R, Walsh, M, Wang, E, Wang, N, Warder, S, Warren, R, Waterhouse, J, Watts, C, Wauters, T, Weckmann, A, Maxwell, H, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Weiszflog, M, Welch, P, Wendler, N, West, A, Wheatley, M, Wheeler, S, Whitehead, A, Whittaker, D, Widdowson, A, Wiesen, S, Wilkinson, J, Williams, J, Willoughby, D, Wilson, I, Wilson, J, Wilson, T, Wischmeier, M, Wise, P, Withenshaw, G, Withycombe, A, Witts, D, Wojcik-Gargula, A, Wolfrum, E, Wood, R, Woodley, C, Woodley, R, Woods, B, Wright, J, Xu, T, Yadikin, D, Yajima, M, Yakovenko, Y, Yang, Y, Yanling, W, Yanovskiy, V, Young, I, Young, R, Zabolockis, R, Zacks, J, Zagorski, R, Zaitsev, F, Zakharov, L, Zarins, A, Fernandez, D, Zastrow, K, Zayachuk, Y, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zlobinski, M, Zocco, A, Zohar, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zotta, V, Zoulias, I, Zwingmann, W, Zychor, I, Vega J., Murari A., Dormido-Canto S., Ratta G. A., Gelfusa M., Mailloux J., Abid N., Abraham K., Abreu P., Adabonyan O., Adrich P., Afanasev V., Afzal M., Ahlgren T., Aho-Mantila L., Aiba N., Airila M., Akhtar M., Albanese R., Alderson-Martin M., Alegre D., Aleiferis S., Aleksa A., Alekseev A. G., Alessi E., Aleynikov P., Algualcil J., Ali M., Allinson M., Alper B., Alves E., Ambrosino G., Ambrosino R., Amosov V., Sunden E. A., Andrew P., Angelini B. M., Angioni C., Antoniou I., Appel L. C., Appelbee C., Aria S., Ariola M., Artaserse G., Arter W., Artigues V., Asakura N., Ash A., Ashikawa N., Aslanyan V., Astrain M., Asztalos O., Auld D., Auriemma F., Austin Y., Avotina L., Aymerich E., Baciero A., Bairaktaris F., Balbin J., Balbinot L., Balboa I., Balden M., Balshaw C., Balshaw N., Bandaru V. K., Banks J., Baranov Y. F., Barcellona C., Barnard A., Barnard M., Barnsley R., Barth A., Baruzzo M., Barwell S., Bassan M., Batista A., Batistoni P., Baumane L., Bauvir B., Baylor L., Beaumont P. S., Beckett D., Begolli A., Beidler M., Bekris N., Beldishevski M., Belli E., Belli F., Belonohy E., Yaala M. B., Benayas J., Bentley J., Bergsaker H., Bernardo J., Bernert M., Berry M., Bertalot L., Betar H., Beurskens M., Bickerton S., Bieg B., Bielecki J., Bierwage A., Biewer T., Bilato R., Bilkova P., Birkenmeier G., Bishop H., Bizarro J. P. S., Blackburn J., Blanchard P., Blatchford P., Bobkov V., Boboc A., Bohm P., Bohm T., Bolshakova I., Bolzonella T., Bonanomi N., Bonfiglio D., Bonnin X., Bonofiglo P., Boocock S., Booth A., Booth J., Borba D., Borodin D., Borodkina I., Boulbe C., Bourdelle C., Bowden M., Boyd K., Bozicevic Mihalic I., Bradnam S. C., Braic V., Brandt L., Bravanec R., Breizman B., Brett A., Brezinsek S., Brix M., Bromley K., Brown B., Brunetti D., Buckingham R., Buckley M., Budny R., Buermans J., Bufferand H., Buratti P., Burgess A., Buscarino A., Busse A., Butcher D., de la Cal E., Calabro G., Calacci L., Calado R., Camenen Y., Canal G., Cannas B., Cappelli M., Carcangiu S., Card P., Cardinali A., Carman P., Carnevale D., Carr M., Carralero D., Carraro L., Carvalho I. S., Carvalho P., Casiraghi I., Casson F. J., Castaldo C., Catalan J. P., Catarino N., Causa F., Cavedon M., Cecconello M., Challis C. D., Chamberlain B., Chang C. S., Chankin A., Chapman B., Chernyshova M., Chiariello A., Chmielewski P., Chomiczewska A., Chone L., Ciraolo G., Ciric D., Citrin J., Ciupinski T., Clark M., Clarkson R., Clements C., Cleverly M., Coad J. P., Coates P., Cobalt A., Coccorese V., Coelho R., Coenen J. W., Coffey I. H., Colangeli A., Colas L., Collins C., Collins J., Collins S., Conka D., Conroy S., Conway B., Conway N. J., Coombs D., Cooper P., Cooper S., Corradino C., Corrigan G., Coster D., Cox P., Craciunescu T., Cramp S., Crapper C., Craven D., Craven R., Esposito M. C., Croci G., Croft D., Croitoru A., Crombe K., Cronin T., Cruz N., Crystal C., Cseh G., Cufar A., Cullen A., Curuia M., Czarski T., Dabirikhah H., Dal Molin A., Dale E., Dalgliesh P., Dalley S., Dankowski J., David P., Davies A., Davies S., Davis G., Dawson K., Dawson S., Day I. E., De Bock M., De Temmerman G., De Tommasi G., Deakin K., Deane J., Dejarnac R., Del Sarto D., Delabie E., Del-Castillo-Negrete D., Dempsey A., Dendy R. O., Devynck P., Di Siena A., Di Troia C., Dickson T., Dinca P., Dittmar T., Dobrashian J., Doerner R. P., Donne A. J. H., Dorling S., Douai D., Dowson S., Doyle R., Dreval M., Drewelow P., Drews P., Drummond G., Duckworth P., Dudding H., Dumont R., Dumortier P., Dunai D., Dunatov T., Dunne M., Duran I., Durodie F., Dux R., Dvornova A., Eastham R., Edwards J., Eich T., Eichorn A., Eidietis N., Eksaeva A., El Haroun H., Ellwood G., Elsmore C., Embreus O., Emery S., Ericsson G., Eriksson B., Eriksson F., Eriksson J., Eriksson L. G., Ertmer S., Esquembri S., Esquisabel A. L., Estrada T., Evans G., Evans S., Fable E., Fagan D., Faitsch M., Falessi M., Fanni A., Farahani A., Farquhar I., Fasoli A., Faugeras B., Fazinie S., Felici F., Felton R., Fernandes A., Fernandes H., Ferrand J., Ferreira D. R., Ferreira J., Ferro G., Fessey J., Ficker O., Field A. R., Figueiredo A., Figueiredo J., Fil A., Fil N., Finburg P., Fiorucci D., Fischer U., Fishpool G., Fittill L., Fitzgerald M., Flammini D., Flanagan J., Flinders K., Foley S., Fonnesu N., Fontana M., Fontdecaba J. M., Forbes S., Formisano A., Fornal T., Fortuna L., Fortuna-Zalesna E., Fortune M., Fowler C., Fransson E., Frassinetti L., Freisinger M., Fresa R., Fridstrom R., Frigione D., Fulop T., Furseman M., Fusco V., Futatani S., Gadariya D., Gal K., Galassi D., Gafezka K., Galeani S., Gallart D., Galvao R., Gao Y., Garcia J., Garcia-Munoz M., Gardener M., Garzotti L., Gaspar J., Gatto R., Gaudio P., Gear D., Gebhart T., Gee S., George R., Gerasimov S. N., Gervasini G., Gethins M., Ghani Z., Gherendi M., Ghezzi F., Giacalone J. C., Giacomelli L., Giacometti G., Gibson C., Gibson K. J., Gil L., Gillgren A., Gin D., Giovannozzi E., Giroud C., Glen R., Gloggler S., Goff J., Gohil P., Goloborodko V., Gomes R., Goncalves B., Goniche M., Goodyear A., Gore S., Gorini G., Gorler T., Gotts N., Goulding R., Gow E., Graham B., Graves J. P., Greuner H., Grierson B., Griffiths J., Griph S., Grist D., Gromelski W., Groth M., Grove R., Gruca M., Guard D., Gupta N., Gurl C., Gusarov A., Hackett L., Hacquin S., Hager R., Hagg L., Hakola A., Halitovs M., Hall S., Hall S. A., Hallworth-Cook S., Ham C. J., Hamaguchi D., Hamed M., Hamlyn-Harris C., Hammond K., Harford E., Harrison J. R., Harting D., Hatano Y., Hatch D. R., Haupt T., Hawes J., Hawkes N. C., Hawkins J., Hayashi T., Hazael S., Hazel S., Heesterman P., Heidbrink B., Helou W., Hemming O., Henderson S. S., Henriques R. B., Hepple D., Herfindal J., Hermon G., Hill J., Hillesheim J. C., Hizanidis K., Hjalmarsson A., Ho A., Hobirk J., Hoenen O., Hogben C., Hollingsworth A., Hollis S., Hollmann E., Holzl M., Homan B., Hook M., Hopley D., Hora:ek J., Horsley D., Horsten N., Horton A., Horton L. D., Horvath L., Hotchin S., Howell R., Hu Z., Huber A., Huber V., Huddleston T., Huijsmans G. T. A., Huynh P., Hynes A., Iliasova M., lmrie D., lmrisek M., lngleby J., Innocente P., Bjork K. I., Isernia N., lvanova-Stanik I., lvings E., Jablonski S., Jachmich S., Jackson T., Jacquet P., Jarleblad H., Jaulmes F., Rodriguez J. J., Jepu I., Joffrin E., Johnson R., Johnson T., Johnston J., Jones C., Jones G., Jones L., Jones N., Jones T., Joyce A., Juarez R., Juvonen M., Kalnina P., Kaltiaisenaho T., Kaniewski J., Kantor A., Kappatou A., Karhunen J., Karkinsky D., Kashchuk Y., Kaufman M., Kaveney G., Kazakov Y. E. O., Kazantzidis V., Keeling D. L., Kelly R., Kempenaars M., Kennedy C., Kennedy D., Kent J., Khan K., Khilkevich E., Kiefer C., Kilpelainen J., Kim C., Kim H. -T., Kim S. H., King D. B., King R., Kinna D., Kiptily V. G., Kirjasuo A., Kirov K. K., Kirschner A., kiviniemi T., Kizane G., Klas M., Klepper C., Klix A., Kneale G., Knight M., Knight P., Knights R., Knipe S., Knolker M., Knott S., Kocan M., Kochl F., Kodeli I., Kolesnichenko Y., Kominis Y., Kong M., Korovin V., Kos B., Kos D., Koslowski H. R., Kotschenreuther M., Koubiti M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E., Koziol K., Krasilnikov A., Krasilnikov V., Kresina M., Krieger K., Krishnan N., Krivska A., Kruezi U., Ksiezek I., Kukushkin A. B., Kumpulainen H., Kurki-Suonio T., Kurotaki H., Kwak S., Kwon O. J., Laguardia L., Lagzdina E., Lahtinen A., Laing A., Lam N., Lambertz H. T., Lane B., Lane C., Neto E. L., Laszyriska E., Lawson K. D., Lazaros A., Lazzaro E., Learoyd G., Lee C., Lee S. E., Leerink S., Leeson T., Lefebvre X., Leggate H. J., Lehmann J., Lehnen M., Leichtle D., Leipold F., Lengar I., Lennholm M., Gutierrez E. 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F., Matveev D., Matveeva E., Mauriya A., Maviglia F., Mayer M., Mayoral M. -L., Mazzi S., Mazzotta C., McAdams R., McCarthy P. J., McClements K. G., McClenaghan J., McCullen P., McDonald D. C., McGuckin D., McHugh D., Mclntyre G., McKean R., McKehon J., McMillan B., McNamee L., McShee A., Meakins A., Medley S., Meekes C. J., Meghani K., Meigs A. G., Meisl G., Meitner S., Menmuir S., Mergia K., Merriman S., Mertens P., Meshchaninov S., Messiaen A., Michling R., Middleton P., Middleton-Gear D., Mietelski J., Milanesio D., Milani E., Militello F., Asp A. M., Milnes J., Milocco A., Miloshevsky G., Minghao C., Minucci S., Miron I., Miyamoto M., Mlynar J., Moiseenko V., Monaghan P., Monakhov I., Moody T., Moon S., Mooney R., Moradi S., Morales J., Morales R. 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A., Huynh P., Hynes A., Iliasova M., lmrie D., lmrisek M., lngleby J., Innocente P., Bjork K. I., Isernia N., lvanova-Stanik I., lvings E., Jablonski S., Jachmich S., Jackson T., Jacquet P., Jarleblad H., Jaulmes F., Rodriguez J. J., Jepu I., Joffrin E., Johnson R., Johnson T., Johnston J., Jones C., Jones G., Jones L., Jones N., Jones T., Joyce A., Juarez R., Juvonen M., Kalnina P., Kaltiaisenaho T., Kaniewski J., Kantor A., Kappatou A., Karhunen J., Karkinsky D., Kashchuk Y., Kaufman M., Kaveney G., Kazakov Y. E. O., Kazantzidis V., Keeling D. L., Kelly R., Kempenaars M., Kennedy C., Kennedy D., Kent J., Khan K., Khilkevich E., Kiefer C., Kilpelainen J., Kim C., Kim H. -T., Kim S. H., King D. B., King R., Kinna D., Kiptily V. G., Kirjasuo A., Kirov K. 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Abstract: In nuclear fusion reactors, plasmas are heated to very high temperatures of more than 100 million kelvin and, in so-called tokamaks, they are confined by magnetic fields in the shape of a torus. Light nuclei, such as deuterium and tritium, undergo a fusion reaction that releases energy, making fusion a promising option for a sustainable and clean energy source. Tokamak plasmas, however, are prone to disruptions as a result of a sudden collapse of the system terminating the fusion reactions. As disruptions lead to an abrupt loss of confinement, they can cause irreversible damage to present-day fusion devices and are expected to have a more devastating effect in future devices. Disruptions expected in the next-generation tokamak, ITER, for example, could cause electromagnetic forces larger than the weight of an Airbus A380. Furthermore, the thermal loads in such an event could exceed the melting threshold of the most resistant state-of-the-art materials by more than an order of magnitude. To prevent disruptions or at least mitigate their detrimental effects, empirical models obtained with artificial intelligence methods, of which an overview is given here, are commonly employed to predict their occurrence—and ideally give enough time to introduce counteracting measures.
Published: 2022

45. Enhanced performance in fusion plasmas through turbulence suppression by megaelectronvolt ions

Author: Mazzi, S, Garcia, J, Zarzoso, D, Kazakov, Y, Ongena, J, Dreval, M, Nocente, M, Stancar, Z, Szepesi, G, Eriksson, J, Sahlberg, A, Benkadda, S, Abid, N, Abraham, K, Abreu, P, Adabonyan, O, Adrich, P, Afzal, M, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Akhtar, M, Albanese, R, Alderson-Martin, M, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Aleksa, A, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Algualcil, J, Ali, M, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Andersson Sunden, E, Andrew, P, Angelini, B, Angioni, C, Antoniou, I, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Aria, S, Ariola, M, Artaserse, G, Arter, W, Artigues, V, Asakura, N, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Astrain, M, Asztalos, O, Auld, D, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Aymerich, E, Baciero, A, Bairaktaris, F, Balbin, J, Balbinot, L, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, C, Balshaw, N, Bandaru, V, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barcellona, C, Barnard, A, Barnard, M, Barnsley, R, Barth, A, Baruzzo, M, Barwell, S, Bassan, M, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baumane, L, 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Abstract: Alpha particles with energies on the order of megaelectronvolts will be the main source of plasma heating in future magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Instead of heating fuel ions, most of the energy of alpha particles is transferred to electrons in the plasma. Furthermore, alpha particles can also excite Alfvénic instabilities, which were previously considered to be detrimental to the performance of the fusion device. Here we report improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of megaelectronvolts ions and strong fast ion-driven Alfvénic instabilities in recent experiments on the Joint European Torus. Detailed transport analysis of these experiments reveals turbulence suppression through a complex multi-scale mechanism that generates large-scale zonal flows. This holds promise for more economical operation of fusion reactors with dominant alpha particle heating and ultimately cheaper fusion electricity.
Published: 2022

46. Novel nematic and chiral nematic liquid crystalline materials for use in applications

Author: Goulding, Mark John
Subjects: 547, Organic chemistry
Abstract: The design, synthesis and characterisation of novel liquid crystal materials for emerging applications presents many challenges. The physical property parameters become ever more stringent and corresponding exceptional property liquid crystalline compounds are required. Two topics have been researched; high birefringence (Δn), high photo and chemical stability nematic materials for PDLC/AMD use and chiral nematic (N*) photopolymerisable compounds for polymer network formation. Many materials were designed, synthesised and characterised for each application and materials were found that were very suitable for each application. Materials for PDLC/AMD use, should be low melting, high Δn nematogens. Additionally, these materials should possess a high degree of chemical and photostability. The synthesis and characterisation of compounds containing N-heterocyclic rings, naphthalene rings or lateral fluorosubstituted p-terphenyl moieties in combination with different endgroups is described. The study demonstrated that N-heterocyclic rings produce a high Δn but are not sufficiently photochemically stable. 2,6-naphthalene containing terminal chloro substituted compounds were shown to have high Δn and high stability but also had high melting points. Lateral fluoro substituted, alkyl p-terphenyls with fluoro, chloro, thiomethyl and methoxy had low melting points, broad nematic mesophases and high stability and were very suitable for PDLC/AMD use. The study of N* photopolymerisable compounds for polymer network formation examines the design, synthesis and characterisation of both mono and diacrylates, monoepoxides and monovinylethers in combination with a range of chiral centres. The (S)-(+)-2-methylbutyl group when in combination with various mesogenic cores was found to be very useful as the chiral portion in low melting point enantiotropic N* monoacrylates, monoepoxides and monovinylethers. These compounds were also found to be eminently suitable for the formation of binary mixtures with nematic diacrylates, divinylethers and diepoxides. These mixtures showed visible wavelength selective reflection and could be photopolymerised into coloured chiral polymer network films.
Published: 1995

47. On the edge of mystery : towards a spiritual hermeneutic of the urban margins

Author: Goulding, Gill K.
Subjects: 230
Abstract: The questions explored in this thesis are: whether it is possible to have a shared spirituality between those who work on the urban margins and the people with whom they work; and what factors might assist such a reciprocal sense of depth exchange? The focus for the empirical work was on a situation where a group of religious and lay women are living and working on a peripheral urban housing estate. Although it was necessary to employ sociological research methods, this is not a sociological case study, but rather the exploration of lived spirituality within the Christian tradition. The emerging importance of conversation and dialogue leads to interaction with Gadamer and Tracy. The work of Rahner, particularly his emphasis on the dynamic drive towards divine mystery inherent within humanity, proves important, as it becomes evident that by virtue of their own discovery of the transcendent, the people of the estate are celebrating grace, but have come to it in and through the sacrament of their own lives. It is suggested that this operative fact of grace at work amongst the marginalised merits further consideration by the church. Here the vital function of a critical listening faculty is imperative. Indeed, it is suggested that such a developed faculty has more universal applicability throughout all forms of ministry. The facilitative tool for such an attuned listening is seen to be the openness to engagement with the contemplative dimension. Thus there is a re-engagement with the classical spiritual tradition, which is seen to authenticate the integrated nature of contemplation and action.
Published: 1994

48. Small fatigue crack growth in a near alpha titanium alloy : crack closure, stress gradient and temperature considerations

Author: Goulding, A.
Subjects: 669
Abstract: The effect of fatigue crack closure in IMI 829 has been addressed for cracks growing from plain surfaces and under the influence of a stress concentration. Several test-piece configurations were employed, incuding thick and thin section double edge notches and standard corner crack (CC) geometries. All types incorporated an ultra fine corner slit to bias the crack initiation site. A thin double edge notch (DEN) specimen with a through section starter slit was also tested. Crack closure loads were measured using direct current potential drop (PD) and replica techniques. The primary closure mechanism was found to be a plasticity induced closure. The results indicate the dominance of surface effects. They also permit near tip and wake related closure effects to be resolved. At the higher stresses, notch root plasticity in the thick DEN dominates closure. At lower stresses where elastic conditions prevail, the results were comparable to those found in the plain CC specimen. Much work was carried out to characterise closure of part-through and through thickness cracks in the thin section notch. The transition between the two crack types invoked a complex closure response. A secondary closure mechanism was also identified, for all specimen types. This was roughness induced closure. On the basis of the PD measurements, an effective ΔK was derived which improved correlation of data over the range of stress levels and R values tested. At room temperature, crack lengths were measured using the above PD system and an existing photomicroscopic arrangement. A study of crack shape morphology was carried out using optical and SEM techniques. The observed complex stress and crack length dependency of shape development in thick notch specimens at higher stresses, was explained on the basis of enhanced plasticity induced closure in the notch root. Other deviations from expected shape characteristics, could be rationalised in terms of microstructural interactions.
Published: 1993

49. Managing public library support staff in times of change

Author: Goulding, Anne
Subjects: 658, Personnel management
Published: 1993

50. Targeted AURKA degradation: Towards new therapeutic agents for neuroblastoma

Author: Rishfi, Muhammad, Krols, Simon, Martens, Fien, Bekaert, Sarah Lee, Sanders, Ellen, Eggermont, Aline, De Vloed, Fanny, Goulding, Joshua Robert, Risseeuw, Martijn, Molenaar, Jan, De Wilde, Bram, Van Calenbergh, Serge, Durinck, Kaat, Rishfi, Muhammad, Krols, Simon, Martens, Fien, Bekaert, Sarah Lee, Sanders, Ellen, Eggermont, Aline, De Vloed, Fanny, Goulding, Joshua Robert, Risseeuw, Martijn, Molenaar, Jan, De Wilde, Bram, Van Calenbergh, Serge, and Durinck, Kaat
Abstract: Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is a well-established target in neuroblastoma (NB) due to both its catalytic functions during mitosis and its kinase-independent functions, including stabilization of the key oncoprotein MYCN. We present a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of MK-5108-derived PROTACs against AURKA by exploring different linker lengths and exit vectors on the thalidomide moiety. PROTAC SK2188 induces the most potent AURKA degradation (DC50,24h 3.9 nM, Dmax,24h 89%) and shows an excellent binding and degradation selectivity profile. Treatment of NGP neuroblastoma cells with SK2188 induced concomitant MYCN degradation, high replication stress/DNA damage levels and apoptosis. Moreover, SK2188 significantly outperforms the parent inhibitor MK-5108 in a cell proliferation screen and patient-derived organoids. Furthermore, altering the attachment point of the PEG linker to the 5-position of thalidomide allowed us to identify a potent AURKA degrader with a linker as short as 2 PEG units. With this, our SAR-study provides interesting lead structures for further optimization and validation of AURKA degradation as a potential therapeutic strategy in neuroblastoma.
Published: 2023

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