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Objectives: Objectives: Despite efforts to improve acute postoperative pain management, a substantial number of patients still experience moderate to severe pain during the immediate postoperative days. The purpose of the present study was to identify predictors of moderate to severe acute postoperative pain. Methods: Methods: A total of 1490 patients undergoing heterogeneous Surgical procedures recorded their pain 3 times a day oil a 100-mm visual analog scale front the day before the operation until 5 days postoperation. For each postoperative day, pain intensity was classified as moderate when the mean pain score was 41 to 74mm and as "severe when the mean pain score was 75 to 100 turn. Using logistic regression analyses. we examined the predictive value of a comprehensive set of preoperative and perioperative variables for moderate to severe pain. Results: Results: The most important predictors seemed to be; preoperative pain, expected pain, Surgical fear, and pain catastrophizing. Discussion: Discussion: Several predictive factors of postoperative pain were identified in this study. These factors could be taken into account in postoperative pain management.

Objectives: Objectives: Despite efforts to improve acute postoperative pain management, a substantial number of patients still experience moderate to severe pain during the immediate postoperative days. The purpose of the present study was to identify predictors of moderate to severe acute postoperative pain. Methods: Methods: A total of 1490 patients undergoing heterogeneous Surgical procedures recorded their pain 3 times a day oil a 100-mm visual analog scale front the day before the operation until 5 days postoperation. For each postoperative day, pain intensity was classified as moderate when the mean pain score was 41 to 74mm and as "severe when the mean pain score was 75 to 100 turn. Using logistic regression analyses. we examined the predictive value of a comprehensive set of preoperative and perioperative variables for moderate to severe pain. Results: Results: The most important predictors seemed to be; preoperative pain, expected pain, Surgical fear, and pain catastrophizing. Discussion: Discussion: Several predictive factors of postoperative pain were identified in this study. These factors could be taken into account in postoperative pain management.

Objective: To determine postoperative pain in different types of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery and their psychological preoperative predictors. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Academic hospital. Patients: A total of 217 patients undergoing ENT surgery. Interventions: All ENT, neck, and salivary gland surgery. Main Outcome Measures: Postoperative pain and predictors for postoperative pain. Results: Fifty percent of the patients undergoing surgery on the oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal region and on the neck and salivary gland region had a visual analog scale score higher than 40 mm on day 1. In the patients who underwent oropharyngeal region operations the VAS score remained high on all 4 days. A VAS pain score higher than 40 mm was found in less than 30% of patients after endoscopic procedures and less than 20% after ear and nose surgery. After bivariate analysis, 6 variables-age, sex, preoperative pain, expected pain, short-term fear, and pain catastrophizing-had a predictive value. Multivariate analysis showed only preoperative pain, pain catastrophizing, and anatomical site of operation as independent predictors. Conclusions: Differences exist in the prevalence of unacceptable postoperative pain between ENT operations performed on different anatomical sites. A limited set of variables can be used to predict the occurrence of unacceptable postoperative pain after ENT surgery.

Objective: To determine postoperative pain in different types of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery and their psychological preoperative predictors. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Academic hospital. Patients: A total of 217 patients undergoing ENT surgery. Interventions: All ENT, neck, and salivary gland surgery. Main Outcome Measures: Postoperative pain and predictors for postoperative pain. Results: Fifty percent of the patients undergoing surgery on the oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal region and on the neck and salivary gland region had a visual analog scale score higher than 40 mm on day 1. In the patients who underwent oropharyngeal region operations the VAS score remained high on all 4 days. A VAS pain score higher than 40 mm was found in less than 30% of patients after endoscopic procedures and less than 20% after ear and nose surgery. After bivariate analysis, 6 variables-age, sex, preoperative pain, expected pain, short-term fear, and pain catastrophizing-had a predictive value. Multivariate analysis showed only preoperative pain, pain catastrophizing, and anatomical site of operation as independent predictors. Conclusions: Differences exist in the prevalence of unacceptable postoperative pain between ENT operations performed on different anatomical sites. A limited set of variables can be used to predict the occurrence of unacceptable postoperative pain after ENT surgery.