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Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is a condition diagnosed in women who experience cessation of menses prior to age forty (secondary amenorrhea), or never initially begin menses (primary amenorrhea). Both primary and secondary amenorrhea lead to infertility, and can increase the risk for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Typically having an idiopathic cause, POI is diagnosed in 1% of women before age 40, and 0.1% before age 30. In this study, the diagnostic process of women with POI was studied through the use of a questionnaire. Twenty-three women with POI were recruited through Magee Womens Hospital and other sites, nineteen of whom were eligible for analysis. Using logistic regression analysis, factors such as age of diagnosis, months of cessation, and type of amenorrhea were studied to determine the role they play in a participant’s opinion regarding helpfulness of providers. Odds ratios of 0.87, 0.99, and 3.63 were calculated for each of these factors, respectively. The most striking trend was the difference between women with primary amenorrhea and women with secondary amenorrhea; the odds of a reported helpful outcome was found to be 3.63 times more likely in those with secondary amenorrhea than those with primary. In addition, the results showed that most women find their physician provider and the internet essentially equivalently helpful with respect to providing health-related information about POI. Studies on the diagnostic process of women with POI have public health significance because this condition affects 1% of the population in the United States. More needs to be done in terms of providing educational and emotional support after a diagnosis is made. As awareness is increased, referrals to genetic counselors can be made. Genetic counselors are a resource that could be utilized for these patients, not only for educational purposes, but also for the emotional and psychosocial aspects of a POI diagnosis.

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is a condition diagnosed in women who experience cessation of menses prior to age forty (secondary amenorrhea), or never initially begin menses (primary amenorrhea). Both primary and secondary amenorrhea lead to infertility, and can increase the risk for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Typically having an idiopathic cause, POI is diagnosed in 1% of women before age 40, and 0.1% before age 30. In this study, the diagnostic process of women with POI was studied through the use of a questionnaire. Twenty-three women with POI were recruited through Magee Womens Hospital and other sites, nineteen of whom were eligible for analysis. Using logistic regression analysis, factors such as age of diagnosis, months of cessation, and type of amenorrhea were studied to determine the role they play in a participant’s opinion regarding helpfulness of providers. Odds ratios of 0.87, 0.99, and 3.63 were calculated for each of these factors, respectively. The most striking trend was the difference between women with primary amenorrhea and women with secondary amenorrhea; the odds of a reported helpful outcome was found to be 3.63 times more likely in those with secondary amenorrhea than those with primary. In addition, the results showed that most women find their physician provider and the internet essentially equivalently helpful with respect to providing health-related information about POI. Studies on the diagnostic process of women with POI have public health significance because this condition affects 1% of the population in the United States. More needs to be done in terms of providing educational and emotional support after a diagnosis is made. As awareness is increased, referrals to genetic counselors can be made. Genetic counselors are a resource that could be utilized for these patients, not only for educational purposes, but also for the emotional and psychosocial aspects of a POI diagnosis.

DTFH61-61-08-T-02601, This report documents the Minnesota Tribal Transportation Safety Summit held October 29-30, 2008, in Tower, Minnesota. The Summit brought together the full range of interested parties to begin communication and cooperation toward the ultimate goal of reducing crash-related injuries and deaths within Tribal communities. The Summit pursued that goal by identifying key Tribal safety challenges and the resources (human, technical, material, and financial) available to address them, and by stimulating multidisciplinary collaboration among safety stakeholders. Specifically, the objectives of the Summit were: 1. Review Minnesota’s Tribal road safety issues and challenges; 2. Improve crash data collection, analysis, and sharing; 3. Share experiences and begin developing new Tribal safety initiatives; and 4. Identify safety resources available to Minnesota Tribes. The following report includes background information, themes discussed by Summit speakers and participants, Summit results, and next steps for moving forward.

DTFH61-61-08-T-02601, This report documents the Washington Tribal Traffic Safety Summit held May 27-28, 2009, in Squaxin Island, Washington. The mission of this Summit was twofold: education and action. The information shared was intended to compel participants to develop initiatives for increasing safety on Tribal roadways. The following report includes background information, themes discussed by Summit speakers and participants, Summit results, and next steps for moving forward.

In dieser Arbeit wurde die Induktion von Apoptose durch vier a,b-ungesättigte Aldehyde und ein zyklisches Keton untersucht. Die Apoptoseinduktion wurde mittels 2-Parameter-Durchflußzytometrie (DNA-/Proteinmessung), Fluoreszenzmikroskopie und DNA-Isolation bestimmt. Es wurden dazu Konzentrationskinetiken (0 bis 150microM) und Zeitkinetiken (1h-Inkubation mit anschließender Postinkubation bis 24h bzw.72h bei Molt4; 0h bis 24h bei 2-Cyclohexen-1-on) an den humanen Zellinien U937, HL-60, K562 und Molt4 aufgestellt. Bei den Zellinien U937 und HL-60 konnte die induzierte Apoptose sowohl quantitativ (durchflußzytometrisch und morphologisch) als auch qualitativ (DNA-Leiter) eindeutig bestimmt werden. Für alle Verbindungen wurde eine dosis- und zeitabhängige Induktion von Apoptose detektiert. Darüberhinaus lieferte die morphologische Analyse Informationen über die Verteilung der einzelnen Apoptosestadien. Die Zellinien K562 und Molt4 zeigten keine so deutliche Übereinstimmung zwischen den 3 Detektionsmethoden. Für die Zellinie K562 ergab sich in den eingesetzten Konzentrationsbereichen nur bei 2-Cyclohexen-1-on durchflußzytometrisch eine dosis- und zeitabhängige Apoptoseinduktion, die sich zwar mit der Analyse der DNA-Leiter, nicht aber mit der morphologischen Auswertung bestätigen ließ. Für trans-2-Hexenal und trans-2-Octenal konnte nur zeitabhängig ein Anstieg mittels FCM detektiert werden, der nur für trans-2-Octenal signifikant war. Bei beiden ergab sich keine DNA-Leiter. Die morphologische Analyse für trans-2-Hexenal ließ einen ebenfalls nicht signifikanten Anstieg erkennen. Für trans-2-Octenal wurde keine morphologische Analyse durchgeführt. Die Zellinie Molt4 zeigte nur zeitabhängig für trans-2-Hexenal, 2-trans,4-trans-Hexadien-1-al und 2-trans,6-cis-Nonadienal eine Apoptoseinduktion, die ausschließlich für 2-trans,4-trans-Hexadien-1-al signifikant war. Die Analyse der DNA-Leiter war auch hier in allen Fällen negativ. Die morphologische Analyse konnte für 2-Cyclohexen

DTFH61-61-08-T-02601, This report documents the Arizona Tribal Transportation Safety Summit held May 14-15, 2008, in Casa Grande, Arizona. The ultimate goal of the Summit was to help reduce crash-related injuries and deaths within tribal communities. The Summit pursued that goal by identifying key tribal safety challenges and the resources (human, material, and financial) available to address them, and by stimulating multidisciplinary collaboration among safety stakeholders. Specifically, the objectives of the Summit were: 1. To review Arizona’s priority tribal transportation safety issues and challenges; 2. To identify safety resources available to Tribes in Arizona; and 3. To develop and endorse a process for continuing the dialogue among the Federal, State, and Tribal transportation communities for discussing safety issues and solutions. The following report includes background information, themes discussed by Summit speakers and participants, and Summit results.