Author: "Gassama, A. A." / Publication Type: Electronic Resources - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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47 results on '"Gassama, A. A."'

1. Impacts of inflammatory mediators and hypoxia on vascular reactivity : a model of COPD

Author: Gassama, Abubacarr Kawsu
Subjects: 610, QH301 Biology
Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized with a poorly reversible airflow limitation. It is a major public health challenge in many developed countries. Cardiovascular complication is a common comorbidity in COPD and is linked to hypoxia and inflammation. Arterial stiffness is also correlated with emphysema severity in COPD patients, with a suggestion that this might be related to systemic inflammation. In this thesis, we have looked to identify the potential interaction of hypoxia and inflammation upon arterial stiffness of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficient subjects. In addition, we investigated the influence of inflammatory mediators and hypoxia on vascular dysfunction in an in vivo and in vitro rat model. Our results have shown that serum TN F-a levels correlated positively and significantly with arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV). Regression analysis revealed that TNF-a is not an independent predictor of PWV. However, when combined in a regression model with age, sex, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second, systolic pressure and gas transfer factor TLCO, The model was effectively able to predict PWV. There was no significant interaction observed between hypoxia and inflammation to modulate arterial stiffness. In a rat model, we found that TNF-a had significant effect upon pulmonary vascular dilatation in response to carbachol and sodium nitroprusside. Hypoxia applied for 1-2 weeks in vivo had no effect upon of vascular reactivity. However, when combined with hypoxia, the effect ofTNF-a on vasodilation was further impaired. These data suggest that a combination of inflammation and hypoxia can have a combined and detrimental effect upon vascular reactivity and so provide a potential model for studying these exacerbations in vitro.
Published: 2018

2. Impact of parental lifestyle patterns in the preconception and pregnancy periods on childhood obesity

Author: Lecorguillé, Marion, Schipper, Mireille C., O’Donnell, Aisling, Aubert, Adrien M., Tafflet, Muriel, Gassama, Malamine, Douglass, Alexander, Hébert, James R., de Lauzon-Guillain, Blandine, Kelleher, Cecily, Charles, Marie Aline, Phillips, Catherine M., Gaillard, Romy, Lioret, Sandrine, Heude, Barbara, Lecorguillé, Marion, Schipper, Mireille C., O’Donnell, Aisling, Aubert, Adrien M., Tafflet, Muriel, Gassama, Malamine, Douglass, Alexander, Hébert, James R., de Lauzon-Guillain, Blandine, Kelleher, Cecily, Charles, Marie Aline, Phillips, Catherine M., Gaillard, Romy, Lioret, Sandrine, and Heude, Barbara
Abstract: Introduction: High prevalence of overweight and obesity already observed in preschool children suggests the involvement of early-life risk factors. Preconception period and pregnancy are crucial windows for the implementation of child obesity prevention interventions with parental lifestyle factors as relevant targets. So far, most studies have evaluated their role separately, with only a few having investigated their potential synergistic effect on childhood obesity. Our objective was to investigate parental lifestyle patterns in the preconception and pregnancy periods and their association with the risk of child overweight after 5 years. Materials and methods: We harmonized and interpreted results from four European mother-offspring cohorts participating in the EndObesity Consortium [EDEN, France; Elfe, France; Lifeways, Ireland; and Generation R, Netherlands] with data available for 1,900, 18,000, 1,100, and 9,500 families, respectively. Lifestyle factors were collected using questionnaires and included parental smoking, body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. We applied principal component analyses to identify parental lifestyle patterns in preconception and pregnancy. Their association with risk of overweight (including obesity; OW-OB) and BMI z-scores between 5 and 12 years were assessed using cohort-specific multivariable logistic and linear and regression models (adjusted for potential confounders including parental age, education level, employment status, geographic origin, parity, and household income). Results: Among the various lifestyle patterns derived in all cohorts, the two explaining the most variance were characterized by (1) “high parental smoking, low maternal diet quality (and high maternal sedentary behavior in some cohorts)” and, (2) “high parental BMI and low gestational weight gain.” Patterns characterized by high parental BMI, smoking, low diet quality or high sedentary lifestyle b
Published: 2023

3. Parental lifestyle patterns around pregnancy and risk of childhood obesity in four European birth cohort studies

Author: Lecorguillé, Marion, Schipper, Mireille, O'Donnell, Aisling, Aubert, Adrien M., Tafflet, Muriel, Gassama, Malamine, Douglass, Alexander, Hébert, James R., Kelleher, Cecily, Charles, Marie Aline, Phillips, Catherine M., Gaillard, Romy, Lioret, Sandrine, Heude, Barbara, Lecorguillé, Marion, Schipper, Mireille, O'Donnell, Aisling, Aubert, Adrien M., Tafflet, Muriel, Gassama, Malamine, Douglass, Alexander, Hébert, James R., Kelleher, Cecily, Charles, Marie Aline, Phillips, Catherine M., Gaillard, Romy, Lioret, Sandrine, and Heude, Barbara
Abstract: BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of excess weight in children younger than 5 years suggests the involvement of early-life risk factors. The preconception and pregnancy periods are crucial stages for the implementation of interventions to prevent childhood obesity. Most studies so far have evaluated the effects of early-life factors separately, with only a few investigating the combined effect of parental lifestyle factors. Our objective was to fill the literature gap regarding parental lifestyle factors in the preconception and pregnancy periods and to study their association with the risk of overweight in children after the age of 5 years. METHODS: We harmonised and interpreted data from four European mother-offspring cohorts (EDEN [comprising 1900 families], Elfe [comprising 18 000 families], Lifeways [comprising 1100 families], and Generation R [comprising 9500 families]). Written informed consent was obtained from parents of all involved children. Lifestyle factor data collected through questionnaires comprised parental smoking, BMI, gestational weight gain, diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. We applied principal component analyses to identify multiple lifestyle patterns in preconception and pregnancy. Their association with child BMI z-score and risk of overweight (including obesity, overweight and obesity, as defined by the International Task Force reference) between the ages of 5 and 12 years were assessed using cohort-specific multivariable linear and logistic regression models (adjusted for confounders including parental age, education level, employment status, geographic origin, parity, and household income). FINDINGS: Among the various lifestyle patterns identified in all cohorts, the two that better explained variance were high parental smoking plus low maternal diet quality or high maternal sedentary behaviour, and high parental BMI plus low gestational weight gain. Overall, we observed that patterns characterised by high parental BMI, sm
Published: 2023

4. Géochimie des eaux continentales : Milieux naturels et anthropisés

Author: Gassama, Nathalie, Gassama, Nathalie, Gassama, Nathalie, and Gassama, Nathalie
Abstract: Ce livre se destine principalement aux étudiants de licence et de master francophones désireux de comprendre les mécanismes de régulation de la composition des eaux continentales. Il peut aussi être une aide pour les gestionnaires de la qualité des eaux de surface. Cet ouvrage présente les notions indispensables à la compréhension de la géochimie des eaux illustrées par des exercices corrigés.
Published: 2021

5. Projet CaSSECS : Élevage sahélien et bilan carbone

Author: Gassama, Mamadou, Traoré, El Hadji, Salgado, Paulo, Assouma, Mohamed Habibou, Diop, M., Boury-Esnault, Anaïs, Diedhiou, L., Gassama, Mamadou, Traoré, El Hadji, Salgado, Paulo, Assouma, Mohamed Habibou, Diop, M., Boury-Esnault, Anaïs, and Diedhiou, L.
Abstract: Le CaSSECS est un Projet de recherche et développement en soutien à l'innovation pour la résilience des élevages pastoraux et agropastoraux dans les pays sahéliens du CILSS. Son objectif global d'améliorer l'évaluation du bilan carbone des systèmes d'élevage (agro)pastoraux pour mieux quantifier leurs impacts sur le changement climatique et élaborer des politiques d'élevage adaptées au Sahel. Après deux années de mise en oeuvre, les différentes parties prenantes dressent dans cette vidéo le bilan à mi-parcours d'activités et dégagent des perspectives pour la suite.
Published: 2022

6. La Finance Informelle : Organisation Et Innovations

Author: GASSAMA, Mor and GASSAMA, Mor
Abstract: Résumé : La finance informelle entraîne un certain nombre d’innovations financières qui permettent de réduire les coûts de transaction aussi bien pour les déposants que pour les emprunteurs.En effet, la diversité des types de finance informelle et le fait que ces activités se trouvent pratiquement dans tous les coins et recoins d’une économie donnée montrent la nature innovatrice et dynamique de certaines parties, au moins, du système financier informel. L’objectif principal de ce travail est de diagnostiquer l’organisation de la finance informelle dans les pays en développement en s’appuyant sur les travaux de recherche des spécialistes et praticiens.Comme résultats de la recherche, nous avons trouvé que les organisations financières informelles sont de véritables lieux d’innovations de produits, en ce qu'elles offrent aux ménages et aux micro-entrepreneurs écartés des circuits financiers officiels un ensemble de prestations recherchées. Nous recommandons de soutenir davantage la finance rurale pour lutter contre l’exode rural et encourager le financement de microprojets générateurs de revenus.Mots-clés : finance informelle, innovation financière, organisation, microfinance, pays en développement. Abstract : :Informal finance leads to a number of financial innovations that reduce transaction costs for both depositors and borrowers.Indeed, the diversity of types of informal finance and the fact that these activities are found in virtually every nook and cranny of a given economy demonstrate the innovative and dynamic nature of at least some parts of the informal financial system.The main objective of this work is to diagnose the organization of informal finance in developing countries based on the research work of scholars and practitioners.As a result of the research, we found that informal financial organizations are real places of product innovation, in that they offer households and micro-entrepreneurs who have been left out of the formal financial channels a
Published: 2021

7. The genomic epidemiology of multi-drug resistant invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella in selected sub-Saharan African countries

Author: Park, Se Eun, Pak, Gi Deok, Panzner, Ursula, Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Im, Justin, Mogeni, Ondari D., Schutt-Gerowitt, Heidi, Crump, John A., Breiman, Robert F., Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Aseffa, Abraham, Gasmelseed, Nagla, Sooka, Arvinda, Keddy, Karen H., May, Jurgen, Aaby, Peter, Biggs, Holly M., Hertz, Julian T., Montgomery, Joel M., Cosmas, Leonard, Olack, Beatrice, Fields, Barry, Sarpong, Nimako, Razafindrabe, Tsiriniaina Jean Luco, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Kabore, Leon Parfait, Sampo, Emmanuel, Teferi, Mekonnen, Yeshitela, Biruk, El Tayeb, Muna Ahmed, Krumkamp, Ralf, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Jaeger, Anna, Tall, Adama, Gassama, Amy, Niang, Aissatou, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Lofberg, Sandra Valborg, Deerin, Jessica Fung, Park, Jin Kyung, Konings, Frank, Carey, Megan E., Van Puyvelde, Sandra, Ali, Mohammad, Clemens, John, Dougan, Gordon, Baker, Stephen, Marks, Florian, Park, Se Eun, Pak, Gi Deok, Panzner, Ursula, Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Im, Justin, Mogeni, Ondari D., Schutt-Gerowitt, Heidi, Crump, John A., Breiman, Robert F., Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Aseffa, Abraham, Gasmelseed, Nagla, Sooka, Arvinda, Keddy, Karen H., May, Jurgen, Aaby, Peter, Biggs, Holly M., Hertz, Julian T., Montgomery, Joel M., Cosmas, Leonard, Olack, Beatrice, Fields, Barry, Sarpong, Nimako, Razafindrabe, Tsiriniaina Jean Luco, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Kabore, Leon Parfait, Sampo, Emmanuel, Teferi, Mekonnen, Yeshitela, Biruk, El Tayeb, Muna Ahmed, Krumkamp, Ralf, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Jaeger, Anna, Tall, Adama, Gassama, Amy, Niang, Aissatou, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Lofberg, Sandra Valborg, Deerin, Jessica Fung, Park, Jin Kyung, Konings, Frank, Carey, Megan E., Van Puyvelde, Sandra, Ali, Mohammad, Clemens, John, Dougan, Gordon, Baker, Stephen, and Marks, Florian
Abstract: Background Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) is one of the leading causes of bacteraemia in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to provide a better understanding of the genetic characteristics and transmission patterns associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) iNTS serovars across the continent. Methods A total of 166 iNTS isolates collected from a multi-centre surveillance in 10 African countries (2010-2014) and a fever study in Ghana (2007-2009) were genome sequenced to investigate the geographical distribution, antimicrobial genetic determinants and population structure of iNTS serotypes-genotypes. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in the context of the existing genomic frameworks for various iNTS serovars. Population-based incidence of MDR-iNTS disease was estimated in each study site. Results Salmonella Typhimurium sequence-type (ST) 313 and Salmonella Enteritidis ST11 were predominant, and both exhibited high frequencies of MDR; Salmonella Dublin ST10 was identified in West Africa only. Mutations in the gyrA gene (fluoroquinolone resistance) were identified in S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in Ghana; an ST313 isolate carrying bla(CTX-M-15) was found in Kenya. International transmission of MDR ST313 (lineage II) and MDR ST11 (West African clade) was observed between Ghana and neighbouring West African countries. The incidence of MDR-iNTS disease exceeded 100/100 000 person-years-of-observation in children aged Conclusions We identified the circulation of multiple MDR iNTS serovar STs in the sampled sub-Saharan African countries. Investment in the development and deployment of iNTS vaccines coupled with intensified antimicrobial resistance surveillance are essential to limit the impact of these pathogens in Africa.
Published: 2021

8. Setting a baseline for global urban virome surveillance in sewage

Author: Nieuwenhuijse, David F., Oude Munnink, Bas B., Phan, My V.T., Hendriksen, Rene S., Bego, Artan, Rees, Catherine, Neilson, Elizabeth Heather, Coventry, Kris, Collignon, Peter, Allerberger, Franz, Rahube, Teddie O., Oliveira, Guilherme, Ivanov, Ivan, Sopheak, Thet, Vuthy, Yith, Yost, Christopher K., Tabo, Djim adjim, Cuadros-Orellana, Sara, Ke, Changwen, Zheng, Huanying, Baisheng, Li, Jiao, Xiaoyang, Donado-Godoy, Pilar, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Hrenovic, Jasna, Jergović, Matijana, Karpíšková, Renáta, Elsborg, Bodil, Legesse, Mengistu, Eguale, Tadesse, Heikinheimo, Annamari, Villacis, Jose Eduardo, Sanneh, Bakary, Malania, Lile, Nitsche, Andreas, Brinkmann, Annika, Saba, Courage Kosi Setsoafia, Kocsis, Bela, Solymosi, Norbert, Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn R., Hatha, Abdulla Mohamed, Alebouyeh, Masoud, Morris, Dearbhaile, O’Connor, Louise, Cormican, Martin, Moran-Gilad, Jacob, Battisti, Antonio, Alba, Patricia, Shakenova, Zeinegul, Kiiyukia, Ciira, Ng’eno, Eric, Raka, Lul, Bērziņš, Aivars, Avsejenko, Jeļena, Bartkevics, Vadims, Penny, Christian, Rajandas, Heraa, Parimannan, Sivachandran, Haber, Malcolm Vella, Pal, Pushkar, Schmitt, Heike, van Passel, Mark, van de Schans, Milou G.M., Zuidema, Tina, Jeunen, Gert Jan, Gemmell, Neil, Fashae, Kayode, Wester, Astrid Louise, Holmstad, Rune, Hasan, Rumina, Shakoor, Sadia, Rojas, Maria Luz Zamudio, Wasyl, Dariusz, Bosevska, Golubinka, Kochubovski, Mihail, Radu, Cojocaru, Gassama†, Amy, Radosavljevic, Vladimir, Tay, Moon Y.F., Zuniga-Montanez, Rogelio, Wuertz, Stefan, Gavačová, Dagmar, Trkov, Marija, Keddy, Karen, Esterhuyse, Kerneels, Cerdà-Cuéllar, Marta, Pathirage, Sujatha, Larsson, D. G.Joakim, Norrgren, Leif, Örn, Stefan, Van der Heijden, Tanja, Kumburu, Happiness Houka, de RodaHusman, Ana Maria, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe Marie, Bidjada, Pawou, Nikiema-Pessinaba, Somtinda Christelle, Levent, Belkis, Meschke, John Scott, Beck, Nicola Koren, Van Dang, Chinh, Tran, Doan Minh Nguyen, Do Phuc, Nguyen, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Munk, Patrick, Venkatakrishnan, Shweta, Aarestrup, Frank M., Cotten, Matthew, Koopmans, Marion P.G., Nieuwenhuijse, David F., Oude Munnink, Bas B., Phan, My V.T., Hendriksen, Rene S., Bego, Artan, Rees, Catherine, Neilson, Elizabeth Heather, Coventry, Kris, Collignon, Peter, Allerberger, Franz, Rahube, Teddie O., Oliveira, Guilherme, Ivanov, Ivan, Sopheak, Thet, Vuthy, Yith, Yost, Christopher K., Tabo, Djim adjim, Cuadros-Orellana, Sara, Ke, Changwen, Zheng, Huanying, Baisheng, Li, Jiao, Xiaoyang, Donado-Godoy, Pilar, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Hrenovic, Jasna, Jergović, Matijana, Karpíšková, Renáta, Elsborg, Bodil, Legesse, Mengistu, Eguale, Tadesse, Heikinheimo, Annamari, Villacis, Jose Eduardo, Sanneh, Bakary, Malania, Lile, Nitsche, Andreas, Brinkmann, Annika, Saba, Courage Kosi Setsoafia, Kocsis, Bela, Solymosi, Norbert, Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn R., Hatha, Abdulla Mohamed, Alebouyeh, Masoud, Morris, Dearbhaile, O’Connor, Louise, Cormican, Martin, Moran-Gilad, Jacob, Battisti, Antonio, Alba, Patricia, Shakenova, Zeinegul, Kiiyukia, Ciira, Ng’eno, Eric, Raka, Lul, Bērziņš, Aivars, Avsejenko, Jeļena, Bartkevics, Vadims, Penny, Christian, Rajandas, Heraa, Parimannan, Sivachandran, Haber, Malcolm Vella, Pal, Pushkar, Schmitt, Heike, van Passel, Mark, van de Schans, Milou G.M., Zuidema, Tina, Jeunen, Gert Jan, Gemmell, Neil, Fashae, Kayode, Wester, Astrid Louise, Holmstad, Rune, Hasan, Rumina, Shakoor, Sadia, Rojas, Maria Luz Zamudio, Wasyl, Dariusz, Bosevska, Golubinka, Kochubovski, Mihail, Radu, Cojocaru, Gassama†, Amy, Radosavljevic, Vladimir, Tay, Moon Y.F., Zuniga-Montanez, Rogelio, Wuertz, Stefan, Gavačová, Dagmar, Trkov, Marija, Keddy, Karen, Esterhuyse, Kerneels, Cerdà-Cuéllar, Marta, Pathirage, Sujatha, Larsson, D. G.Joakim, Norrgren, Leif, Örn, Stefan, Van der Heijden, Tanja, Kumburu, Happiness Houka, de RodaHusman, Ana Maria, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe Marie, Bidjada, Pawou, Nikiema-Pessinaba, Somtinda Christelle, Levent, Belkis, Meschke, John Scott, Beck, Nicola Koren, Van Dang, Chinh, Tran, Doan Minh Nguyen, Do Phuc, Nguyen, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Munk, Patrick, Venkatakrishnan, Shweta, Aarestrup, Frank M., Cotten, Matthew, and Koopmans, Marion P.G.
Abstract: The rapid development of megacities, and their growing connectedness across the world is becoming a distinct driver for emerging disease outbreaks. Early detection of unusual disease emergence and spread should therefore include such cities as part of risk-based surveillance. A catch-all metagenomic sequencing approach of urban sewage could potentially provide an unbiased insight into the dynamics of viral pathogens circulating in a community irrespective of access to care, a potential which already has been proven for the surveillance of poliovirus. Here, we present a detailed characterization of sewage viromes from a snapshot of 81 high density urban areas across the globe, including in-depth assessment of potential biases, as a proof of concept for catch-all viral pathogen surveillance. We show the ability to detect a wide range of viruses and geographical and seasonal differences for specific viral groups. Our findings offer a cross-sectional baseline for further research in viral surveillance from urban sewage samples and place previous studies in a global perspective.
Published: 2020

9. Setting a baseline for global urban virome surveillance in sewage

Author: Nieuwenhuijse, D.F. (David F.), Oude Munnink, B.B. (Bas B.), Phan, M.V.T. (My V. T.), Hendriksen, R.S. (Rene S.), Bego, A. (Artan), Rees, C. (Catherine), Neilson, E.H. (Elizabeth Heather), Coventry, K. (Kris), Collignon, P. (Peter), Allerberger, F. (Franz), Rahube, T.O. (Teddie O.), Oliveira, G. (Guilherme), Ivanov, I. (Ivan), Sopheak, T. (Thet), Vuthy, Y. (Yith), Yost, C.K. (Christopher K.), Tabo, D.-A. (Djim-adjim), Cuadros-Orellana, S. (Sara), Ke, C. (Changwen), Zheng, H. (Huanying), Baisheng, L. (Li), Jiao, X. (Xiaoyang), Donado-Godoy, P. (Pilar), Coulibaly, K.J. (Kalpy Julien), Hrenovic, J. (Jasna), Jergović, M. (Matijana), Karpíšková, R. (Renáta), Elsborg, B. (Bodil), Legesse, M. (Mengistu), Eguale, T. (Tadesse), Heikinheimo, A. (Annamari), Villacis, J.E. (Jose Eduardo), Sanneh, B. (Bakary), Malania, L. (Lile), Nitsche, A., Brinkmann, A. (Annika), Saba, C.K.S. (Courage Kosi Setsoafia), Kocsis, B. (Bela), Solymosi, N. (Norbert), Thorsteinsdottir, T.R. (Thorunn R.), Hatha, A.M. (Abdulla Mohamed), Alebouyeh, M. (Masoud), Morris, D. (Douglas), O’Connor, L. (Louise), Cormican, M. (M.), Moran-Gilad, J. (Jacob), Battisti, A. (Antonio), Alba, P. (Patricia), Shakenova, Z. (Zeinegul), Kiiyukia, C. (Ciira), Ng’eno, E. (Eric), Raka, L. (Lul), Bērziņš, A. (Aivars), Avsejenko, J. (Jeļena), Bartkevics, V. (Vadims), Penny, C. (Christian), Rajandas, H. (Heraa), Parimannan, S. (Sivachandran), Haber, M.V. (Malcolm Vella), Pal, P. (Pushkar), Schmitt, H. (Heike), van Passel, M. (Mark), van de Schans, M.G.M. (Milou G.M.), Zuidema, T. (Tina), Jeunen, G.-J. (Gert-Jan), Gemmell, N. (Neil), Fashae, K. (Kayode), Wester, A.L. (Astrid Louise), Holmstad, R. (Rune), Hasan, R. (Rumina), Shakoor, S. (Sadia), Rojas, M.L.Z. (Maria Luz Zamudio), Wasyl, D. (Dariusz), Bosevska, G. (Golubinka), Kochubovski, M. (Mihail), Radu, C. (Cojocaru), Gassama†, A. (Amy), Radosavljevic, V. (Vladimir), Tay, M.Y.F. (Moon Y.F.), Zuniga-Montanez, R. (Rogelio), Wuertz, S. (Stefan), Gavačová, D. (Dagmar), Trkov, M. (Marija), Keddy, K. (Karen), Esterhuyse, K. (Kerneels), Cerdà-Cuéllar, M. (Marta), Pathirage, S. (Sujatha), Larsson, D.G.J. (D.G.Joakim), Norrgren, L. (Leif), Örn, S. (Stefan), Van der Heijden, T. (Tanja), Kumburu, H.H. (Happiness Houka), de RodaHusman, A.M. (Ana Maria), Njanpop-Lafourcade, B.-M. (Berthe-Marie), Bidjada, P. (Pawou), Nikiema-Pessinaba, S.C. (Somtinda Christelle), Levent, B. (Belkis), Meschke, J.S. (John Scott), Beck, N.K. (Nicola Koren), Van Dang, C. (Chinh), Tran, D.M.N. (Doan Minh Nguyen), Do Phuc, N. (Nguyen), Kwenda, G. (Geoffrey), Munk, P. (Patrick), Venkatakrishnan, S. (Shweta), Aarestrup, F.M. (Frank), Cotten, M. (Matthew), Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion), Nieuwenhuijse, D.F. (David F.), Oude Munnink, B.B. (Bas B.), Phan, M.V.T. (My V. T.), Hendriksen, R.S. (Rene S.), Bego, A. (Artan), Rees, C. (Catherine), Neilson, E.H. (Elizabeth Heather), Coventry, K. (Kris), Collignon, P. (Peter), Allerberger, F. (Franz), Rahube, T.O. (Teddie O.), Oliveira, G. (Guilherme), Ivanov, I. (Ivan), Sopheak, T. (Thet), Vuthy, Y. (Yith), Yost, C.K. (Christopher K.), Tabo, D.-A. (Djim-adjim), Cuadros-Orellana, S. (Sara), Ke, C. (Changwen), Zheng, H. (Huanying), Baisheng, L. (Li), Jiao, X. (Xiaoyang), Donado-Godoy, P. (Pilar), Coulibaly, K.J. (Kalpy Julien), Hrenovic, J. (Jasna), Jergović, M. (Matijana), Karpíšková, R. (Renáta), Elsborg, B. (Bodil), Legesse, M. (Mengistu), Eguale, T. (Tadesse), Heikinheimo, A. (Annamari), Villacis, J.E. (Jose Eduardo), Sanneh, B. (Bakary), Malania, L. (Lile), Nitsche, A., Brinkmann, A. (Annika), Saba, C.K.S. (Courage Kosi Setsoafia), Kocsis, B. (Bela), Solymosi, N. (Norbert), Thorsteinsdottir, T.R. (Thorunn R.), Hatha, A.M. (Abdulla Mohamed), Alebouyeh, M. (Masoud), Morris, D. (Douglas), O’Connor, L. (Louise), Cormican, M. (M.), Moran-Gilad, J. (Jacob), Battisti, A. (Antonio), Alba, P. (Patricia), Shakenova, Z. (Zeinegul), Kiiyukia, C. (Ciira), Ng’eno, E. (Eric), Raka, L. (Lul), Bērziņš, A. (Aivars), Avsejenko, J. (Jeļena), Bartkevics, V. (Vadims), Penny, C. (Christian), Rajandas, H. (Heraa), Parimannan, S. (Sivachandran), Haber, M.V. (Malcolm Vella), Pal, P. (Pushkar), Schmitt, H. (Heike), van Passel, M. (Mark), van de Schans, M.G.M. (Milou G.M.), Zuidema, T. (Tina), Jeunen, G.-J. (Gert-Jan), Gemmell, N. (Neil), Fashae, K. (Kayode), Wester, A.L. (Astrid Louise), Holmstad, R. (Rune), Hasan, R. (Rumina), Shakoor, S. (Sadia), Rojas, M.L.Z. (Maria Luz Zamudio), Wasyl, D. (Dariusz), Bosevska, G. (Golubinka), Kochubovski, M. (Mihail), Radu, C. (Cojocaru), Gassama†, A. (Amy), Radosavljevic, V. (Vladimir), Tay, M.Y.F. (Moon Y.F.), Zuniga-Montanez, R. (Rogelio), Wuertz, S. (Stefan), Gavačová, D. (Dagmar), Trkov, M. (Marija), Keddy, K. (Karen), Esterhuyse, K. (Kerneels), Cerdà-Cuéllar, M. (Marta), Pathirage, S. (Sujatha), Larsson, D.G.J. (D.G.Joakim), Norrgren, L. (Leif), Örn, S. (Stefan), Van der Heijden, T. (Tanja), Kumburu, H.H. (Happiness Houka), de RodaHusman, A.M. (Ana Maria), Njanpop-Lafourcade, B.-M. (Berthe-Marie), Bidjada, P. (Pawou), Nikiema-Pessinaba, S.C. (Somtinda Christelle), Levent, B. (Belkis), Meschke, J.S. (John Scott), Beck, N.K. (Nicola Koren), Van Dang, C. (Chinh), Tran, D.M.N. (Doan Minh Nguyen), Do Phuc, N. (Nguyen), Kwenda, G. (Geoffrey), Munk, P. (Patrick), Venkatakrishnan, S. (Shweta), Aarestrup, F.M. (Frank), Cotten, M. (Matthew), and Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion)
Abstract: The rapid development of megacities, and their growing connectedness across the world is becoming a distinct driver for emerging disease outbreaks. Early detection of unusual disease emergence and spread should therefore include such cities as part of risk-based surveillance. A catch-all metagenomic sequencing approach of urban sewage could potentially provide an unbiased insight into the dynamics of viral pathogens circulating in a community irrespective of access to care, a potential which already has been proven for the surveillance of poliovirus. Here, we present a detailed characterization of sewage viromes from a snapshot of 81 high density urban areas across the globe, including in-depth assessment of potential biases, as a proof of concept for catch-all viral pathogen surveillance. We show the ability to detect a wide range of viruses and geographical and seasonal differences for specific viral groups. Our findings offer a cross-sectional baseline for further research in viral surveillance from urban sewage samples and place previous studies in a global perspective.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Setting a baseline for global urban virome surveillance in sewage

Author: IRAS OH Epidemiology Microbial Agents, dIRAS RA-I&I I&I, Nieuwenhuijse, David F., Oude Munnink, Bas B., Phan, My V.T., Hendriksen, Rene S., Bego, Artan, Rees, Catherine, Neilson, Elizabeth Heather, Coventry, Kris, Collignon, Peter, Allerberger, Franz, Rahube, Teddie O., Oliveira, Guilherme, Ivanov, Ivan, Sopheak, Thet, Vuthy, Yith, Yost, Christopher K., Tabo, Djim adjim, Cuadros-Orellana, Sara, Ke, Changwen, Zheng, Huanying, Baisheng, Li, Jiao, Xiaoyang, Donado-Godoy, Pilar, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Hrenovic, Jasna, Jergović, Matijana, Karpíšková, Renáta, Elsborg, Bodil, Legesse, Mengistu, Eguale, Tadesse, Heikinheimo, Annamari, Villacis, Jose Eduardo, Sanneh, Bakary, Malania, Lile, Nitsche, Andreas, Brinkmann, Annika, Saba, Courage Kosi Setsoafia, Kocsis, Bela, Solymosi, Norbert, Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn R., Hatha, Abdulla Mohamed, Alebouyeh, Masoud, Morris, Dearbhaile, O’Connor, Louise, Cormican, Martin, Moran-Gilad, Jacob, Battisti, Antonio, Alba, Patricia, Shakenova, Zeinegul, Kiiyukia, Ciira, Ng’eno, Eric, Raka, Lul, Bērziņš, Aivars, Avsejenko, Jeļena, Bartkevics, Vadims, Penny, Christian, Rajandas, Heraa, Parimannan, Sivachandran, Haber, Malcolm Vella, Pal, Pushkar, Schmitt, Heike, van Passel, Mark, van de Schans, Milou G.M., Zuidema, Tina, Jeunen, Gert Jan, Gemmell, Neil, Fashae, Kayode, Wester, Astrid Louise, Holmstad, Rune, Hasan, Rumina, Shakoor, Sadia, Rojas, Maria Luz Zamudio, Wasyl, Dariusz, Bosevska, Golubinka, Kochubovski, Mihail, Radu, Cojocaru, Gassama†, Amy, Radosavljevic, Vladimir, Tay, Moon Y.F., Zuniga-Montanez, Rogelio, Wuertz, Stefan, Gavačová, Dagmar, Trkov, Marija, Keddy, Karen, Esterhuyse, Kerneels, Cerdà-Cuéllar, Marta, Pathirage, Sujatha, Larsson, D. G.Joakim, Norrgren, Leif, Örn, Stefan, Van der Heijden, Tanja, Kumburu, Happiness Houka, de RodaHusman, Ana Maria, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe Marie, Bidjada, Pawou, Nikiema-Pessinaba, Somtinda Christelle, Levent, Belkis, Meschke, John Scott, Beck, Nicola Koren, Van Dang, Chinh, Tran, Doan Minh Nguyen, Do Phuc, Nguyen, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Munk, Patrick, Venkatakrishnan, Shweta, Aarestrup, Frank M., Cotten, Matthew, Koopmans, Marion P.G., IRAS OH Epidemiology Microbial Agents, dIRAS RA-I&I I&I, Nieuwenhuijse, David F., Oude Munnink, Bas B., Phan, My V.T., Hendriksen, Rene S., Bego, Artan, Rees, Catherine, Neilson, Elizabeth Heather, Coventry, Kris, Collignon, Peter, Allerberger, Franz, Rahube, Teddie O., Oliveira, Guilherme, Ivanov, Ivan, Sopheak, Thet, Vuthy, Yith, Yost, Christopher K., Tabo, Djim adjim, Cuadros-Orellana, Sara, Ke, Changwen, Zheng, Huanying, Baisheng, Li, Jiao, Xiaoyang, Donado-Godoy, Pilar, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Hrenovic, Jasna, Jergović, Matijana, Karpíšková, Renáta, Elsborg, Bodil, Legesse, Mengistu, Eguale, Tadesse, Heikinheimo, Annamari, Villacis, Jose Eduardo, Sanneh, Bakary, Malania, Lile, Nitsche, Andreas, Brinkmann, Annika, Saba, Courage Kosi Setsoafia, Kocsis, Bela, Solymosi, Norbert, Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn R., Hatha, Abdulla Mohamed, Alebouyeh, Masoud, Morris, Dearbhaile, O’Connor, Louise, Cormican, Martin, Moran-Gilad, Jacob, Battisti, Antonio, Alba, Patricia, Shakenova, Zeinegul, Kiiyukia, Ciira, Ng’eno, Eric, Raka, Lul, Bērziņš, Aivars, Avsejenko, Jeļena, Bartkevics, Vadims, Penny, Christian, Rajandas, Heraa, Parimannan, Sivachandran, Haber, Malcolm Vella, Pal, Pushkar, Schmitt, Heike, van Passel, Mark, van de Schans, Milou G.M., Zuidema, Tina, Jeunen, Gert Jan, Gemmell, Neil, Fashae, Kayode, Wester, Astrid Louise, Holmstad, Rune, Hasan, Rumina, Shakoor, Sadia, Rojas, Maria Luz Zamudio, Wasyl, Dariusz, Bosevska, Golubinka, Kochubovski, Mihail, Radu, Cojocaru, Gassama†, Amy, Radosavljevic, Vladimir, Tay, Moon Y.F., Zuniga-Montanez, Rogelio, Wuertz, Stefan, Gavačová, Dagmar, Trkov, Marija, Keddy, Karen, Esterhuyse, Kerneels, Cerdà-Cuéllar, Marta, Pathirage, Sujatha, Larsson, D. G.Joakim, Norrgren, Leif, Örn, Stefan, Van der Heijden, Tanja, Kumburu, Happiness Houka, de RodaHusman, Ana Maria, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe Marie, Bidjada, Pawou, Nikiema-Pessinaba, Somtinda Christelle, Levent, Belkis, Meschke, John Scott, Beck, Nicola Koren, Van Dang, Chinh, Tran, Doan Minh Nguyen, Do Phuc, Nguyen, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Munk, Patrick, Venkatakrishnan, Shweta, Aarestrup, Frank M., Cotten, Matthew, and Koopmans, Marion P.G.
Published: 2020

11. Setting a baseline for global urban virome surveillance in sewage

Author: Nieuwenhuijse, D.F., Oude Munnink, B.B., Phan, M.V.T., Hendriksen, R.S., Bego, A., Rees, C., Neilson, E.H., Coventry, K., Collignon, P., Allerberger, F., Rahube, T.O., Oliveira, G., Ivanov, I., Sopheak, T., Vuthy, Y., Yost, C.K., Tabo, D.-A., Cuadros-Orellana, S., Ke, C., Zheng, H., Baisheng, L., Jiao, X., Donado-Godoy, P., Coulibaly, K.J., Hrenovic, J., Jergović, M., Karpíšková, R., Elsborg, B., Legesse, M., Eguale, T., Heikinheimo, A., Villacis, J.E., Sanneh, B., Malania, L., Nitsche, A., Brinkmann, A., Saba, C.K.S., Kocsis, B., Solymosi, N., Thorsteinsdottir, T.R., Hatha, A.M., Alebouyeh, M., Morris, D., O’Connor, L., Cormican, M., Moran-Gilad, J., Battisti, A., Alba, P., Shakenova, Z., Kiiyukia, C., Ng’eno, E., Raka, L., Bērziņš, A., Avsejenko, J., Bartkevics, V., Penny, C., Rajandas, H., Parimannan, S., Haber, M.V., Pal, P., Schmitt, H., van Passel, M., van de Schans, M.G.M., Zuidema, T., Jeunen, G.-J., Gemmell, N., Fashae, K., Wester, A.L., Holmstad, R., Hasan, R., Shakoor, S., Rojas, M.L.Z., Wasyl, D., Bosevska, G., Kochubovski, M., Radu, C., Gassama†, A., Radosavljević, Vladimir, Tay, M.Y.F., Zuniga-Montanez, R., Wuertz, S., Gavačová, D., Trkov, M., Keddy, K., Esterhuyse, K., Cerdà-Cuéllar, M., Pathirage, S., Larsson, D.G.J., Norrgren, L., Örn, S., Van der Heijden, T., Kumburu, H.H., de RodaHusman, A.M., Njanpop-Lafourcade, B.-M., Bidjada, P., Nikiema-Pessinaba, S.C., Levent, B., Meschke, J.S., Beck, N.K., Van Dang, C., Tran, D.M.N., Do Phuc, N., Kwenda, G., Munk, P., Venkatakrishnan, S., Aarestrup, F.M., Cotten, M., Koopmans, M.P.G., Nieuwenhuijse, D.F., Oude Munnink, B.B., Phan, M.V.T., Hendriksen, R.S., Bego, A., Rees, C., Neilson, E.H., Coventry, K., Collignon, P., Allerberger, F., Rahube, T.O., Oliveira, G., Ivanov, I., Sopheak, T., Vuthy, Y., Yost, C.K., Tabo, D.-A., Cuadros-Orellana, S., Ke, C., Zheng, H., Baisheng, L., Jiao, X., Donado-Godoy, P., Coulibaly, K.J., Hrenovic, J., Jergović, M., Karpíšková, R., Elsborg, B., Legesse, M., Eguale, T., Heikinheimo, A., Villacis, J.E., Sanneh, B., Malania, L., Nitsche, A., Brinkmann, A., Saba, C.K.S., Kocsis, B., Solymosi, N., Thorsteinsdottir, T.R., Hatha, A.M., Alebouyeh, M., Morris, D., O’Connor, L., Cormican, M., Moran-Gilad, J., Battisti, A., Alba, P., Shakenova, Z., Kiiyukia, C., Ng’eno, E., Raka, L., Bērziņš, A., Avsejenko, J., Bartkevics, V., Penny, C., Rajandas, H., Parimannan, S., Haber, M.V., Pal, P., Schmitt, H., van Passel, M., van de Schans, M.G.M., Zuidema, T., Jeunen, G.-J., Gemmell, N., Fashae, K., Wester, A.L., Holmstad, R., Hasan, R., Shakoor, S., Rojas, M.L.Z., Wasyl, D., Bosevska, G., Kochubovski, M., Radu, C., Gassama†, A., Radosavljević, Vladimir, Tay, M.Y.F., Zuniga-Montanez, R., Wuertz, S., Gavačová, D., Trkov, M., Keddy, K., Esterhuyse, K., Cerdà-Cuéllar, M., Pathirage, S., Larsson, D.G.J., Norrgren, L., Örn, S., Van der Heijden, T., Kumburu, H.H., de RodaHusman, A.M., Njanpop-Lafourcade, B.-M., Bidjada, P., Nikiema-Pessinaba, S.C., Levent, B., Meschke, J.S., Beck, N.K., Van Dang, C., Tran, D.M.N., Do Phuc, N., Kwenda, G., Munk, P., Venkatakrishnan, S., Aarestrup, F.M., Cotten, M., and Koopmans, M.P.G.
Abstract: The rapid development of megacities, and their growing connectedness across the world is becoming a distinct driver for emerging disease outbreaks. Early detection of unusual disease emergence and spread should therefore include such cities as part of risk-based surveillance. A catch-all metagenomic sequencing approach of urban sewage could potentially provide an unbiased insight into the dynamics of viral pathogens circulating in a community irrespective of access to care, a potential which already has been proven for the surveillance of poliovirus. Here, we present a detailed characterization of sewage viromes from a snapshot of 81 high density urban areas across the globe, including in-depth assessment of potential biases, as a proof of concept for catch-all viral pathogen surveillance. We show the ability to detect a wide range of viruses and geographical and seasonal differences for specific viral groups. Our findings offer a cross-sectional baseline for further research in viral surveillance from urban sewage samples and place previous studies in a global perspective.
Published: 2020

12. Setting a baseline for global urban virome surveillance in sewage

Author: Nieuwenhuijse, David, Munnink, Bas B. Oude, Phan, My V. T., Munk, Patrick, Venkatakrishnan, Shweta, Aarestrup, Frank M., Cotten, Matthew, Koopmans, Marion P., Hendriksen, Rene S., Bego, Artan, Rees, Catherine, Neilson, Elizabeth Heather, Coventry, Kris, Collignon, Peter, Allerberger, Franz, Rahube, Teddie O., Oliveira, Guilherme, Ivanov, Ivan, Sopheak, Thet, Vuthy, Yith, Yost, Christopher K., Tabo, Djim-adjim, Cuadros-Orellana, Sara, Ke, Changwen, Zheng, Huanying, Li, Baisheng, Jiao, Xiaoyang, Donado-Godoy, Pilar, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Hrenović, Jasna, Jergović, Matijana, Karpiskova, Renata, Elsborg, Bodil, Legesse, Mengistu, Eguale, Tadesse, Heikinheimo, Annamari, Eduardo Villacis, Jose, Sanneh, Bakary, Malania, Lile, Nitsche, Andreas, Brinkmann, Annika, Saba, Courage Kosi Setsoafa, Kocsis, Bela, Solymosi, Norbert, Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn R., Hatha, Abdulla Mohamed, Alebouyeh, Masoud, Morris, Dearbhaile, O'Connor, Louise, Cormican, Martin, Moran-Gilad, Jacob, Battisti, Antonio, Alba, Patricia, Shakenova, Zeinegul, Kiiyukia, Ciira, Ng'eno, Eric, Raka, Lul, Berzins, Aivars, Avsejenko, Jelena, Bartkevics, Vadims, Penny, Christian, Rajandas, Heraa, Parimannan, Sivachandran, Haber, Malcolm Vella, Pal, Pushkar, Schmitt, Heike, van Passel, Mark, van de Schans, Milou G. M., Zuidema, Tina, Jeunen, Gert-Jan, Gemmell, Neil, Fashae, Kayode, Wester, Astrid Louise, Holmstad, Rune, Hasan, Rumina, Shakoor, Sadia, Zamudio Rojas, Maria Luz, Wasyl, Dariusz, Bosevska, Golubinka, Kochubovski, Mihail, Radu, Cojocaru, Gassama, Amy, Radosavljević, Vladimir, Tay, Moon Y. F., Zuniga-Montanez, Rogelio, Wuertz, Stefan, Gavacova, Dagmar, Trkov, Marija, Keddy, Karen, Esterhuyse, Kerneels, Cerda-Cuellar, Marta, Pathirage, Sujatha, Larsson, D. G. Joakim, Norrgren, Leif, Orn, Stefan, Van der Heijden, Tanja, Kumburu, Happiness Houka, de RodaHusman, Ana Maria, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Bidjada, Pawou, Nikiema-Pessinaba, Somtinda Christelle, Levent, Belkis, Meschke, John Scott, Beck, Nicola Koren, Chinh, Van Dang, Doan Minh Nguyen, Tran, Nguyen, Do Phuc, Kwenda, Geofrey, Nieuwenhuijse, David, Munnink, Bas B. Oude, Phan, My V. T., Munk, Patrick, Venkatakrishnan, Shweta, Aarestrup, Frank M., Cotten, Matthew, Koopmans, Marion P., Hendriksen, Rene S., Bego, Artan, Rees, Catherine, Neilson, Elizabeth Heather, Coventry, Kris, Collignon, Peter, Allerberger, Franz, Rahube, Teddie O., Oliveira, Guilherme, Ivanov, Ivan, Sopheak, Thet, Vuthy, Yith, Yost, Christopher K., Tabo, Djim-adjim, Cuadros-Orellana, Sara, Ke, Changwen, Zheng, Huanying, Li, Baisheng, Jiao, Xiaoyang, Donado-Godoy, Pilar, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Hrenović, Jasna, Jergović, Matijana, Karpiskova, Renata, Elsborg, Bodil, Legesse, Mengistu, Eguale, Tadesse, Heikinheimo, Annamari, Eduardo Villacis, Jose, Sanneh, Bakary, Malania, Lile, Nitsche, Andreas, Brinkmann, Annika, Saba, Courage Kosi Setsoafa, Kocsis, Bela, Solymosi, Norbert, Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn R., Hatha, Abdulla Mohamed, Alebouyeh, Masoud, Morris, Dearbhaile, O'Connor, Louise, Cormican, Martin, Moran-Gilad, Jacob, Battisti, Antonio, Alba, Patricia, Shakenova, Zeinegul, Kiiyukia, Ciira, Ng'eno, Eric, Raka, Lul, Berzins, Aivars, Avsejenko, Jelena, Bartkevics, Vadims, Penny, Christian, Rajandas, Heraa, Parimannan, Sivachandran, Haber, Malcolm Vella, Pal, Pushkar, Schmitt, Heike, van Passel, Mark, van de Schans, Milou G. M., Zuidema, Tina, Jeunen, Gert-Jan, Gemmell, Neil, Fashae, Kayode, Wester, Astrid Louise, Holmstad, Rune, Hasan, Rumina, Shakoor, Sadia, Zamudio Rojas, Maria Luz, Wasyl, Dariusz, Bosevska, Golubinka, Kochubovski, Mihail, Radu, Cojocaru, Gassama, Amy, Radosavljević, Vladimir, Tay, Moon Y. F., Zuniga-Montanez, Rogelio, Wuertz, Stefan, Gavacova, Dagmar, Trkov, Marija, Keddy, Karen, Esterhuyse, Kerneels, Cerda-Cuellar, Marta, Pathirage, Sujatha, Larsson, D. G. Joakim, Norrgren, Leif, Orn, Stefan, Van der Heijden, Tanja, Kumburu, Happiness Houka, de RodaHusman, Ana Maria, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Bidjada, Pawou, Nikiema-Pessinaba, Somtinda Christelle, Levent, Belkis, Meschke, John Scott, Beck, Nicola Koren, Chinh, Van Dang, Doan Minh Nguyen, Tran, Nguyen, Do Phuc, and Kwenda, Geofrey
Abstract: The rapid development of megacities, and their growing connectedness across the world is becoming a distinct driver for emerging disease outbreaks. Early detection of unusual disease emergence and spread should therefore include such cities as part of risk-based surveillance. A catch-all metagenomic sequencing approach of urban sewage could potentially provide an unbiased insight into the dynamics of viral pathogens circulating in a community irrespective of access to care, a potential which already has been proven for the surveillance of poliovirus. Here, we present a detailed characterization of sewage viromes from a snapshot of 81 high density urban areas across the globe, including in-depth assessment of potential biases, as a proof of concept for catch-all viral pathogen surveillance. We show the ability to detect a wide range of viruses and geographical and seasonal differences for specific viral groups. Our findings offer a cross-sectional baseline for further research in viral surveillance from urban sewage samples and place previous studies in a global perspective.
Published: 2020

13. Global monitoring of antimicrobial resistance based on metagenomics analyses of urban sewage

Author: Hendriksen, Rene S., Munk, Patrick, Njage, Patrick, van Bunnik, Bram, McNally, Luke, Lukjancenko, Oksana, Röder, Timo, Nieuwenhuijse, David, Pedersen, Susanne Karlsmose, Kjeldgaard, Jette, Kaas, Rolf S., Clausen, Philip Thomas Lanken Conradsen, Vogt, Josef Korbinian, Leekitcharoenphon, Pimlapas, van de Schans, Milou G.M., Zuidema, Tina, de Roda Husman, Ana Maria, Rasmussen, Simon, Petersen, Bent, Bego, Artan, Rees, Catherine, Cassar, Susan, Coventry, Kris, Collignon, Peter, Allerberger, Franz, Rahube, Teddie O., Oliveira, Guilherme, Ivanov, Ivan, Vuthy, Yith, Sopheak, Thet, Yost, Christopher K., Ke, Changwen, Zheng, Huanying, Baisheng, Li, Jiao, Xiaoyang, Donado-Godoy, Pilar, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Jergović, Matijana, Hrenovic, Jasna, Karpíšková, Renáta, Villacis, Jose Eduardo, Legesse, Mengistu, Eguale, Tadesse, Heikinheimo, Annamari, Malania, Lile, Nitsche, Andreas, Brinkmann, Annika, Saba, Courage Kosi Setsoafia, Kocsis, Bela, Solymosi, Norbert, Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn R., Hatha, Abdulla Mohamed, Alebouyeh, Masoud, Morris, Dearbhaile, Cormican, Martin, O’Connor, Louise, Moran-Gilad, Jacob, Alba, Patricia, Battisti, Antonio, Shakenova, Zeinegul, Kiiyukia, Ciira, Ng’eno, Eric, Raka, Lul, Avsejenko, Jeļena, Bērziņš, Aivars, Bartkevics, Vadims, Penny, Christian, Rajandas, Heraa, Parimannan, Sivachandran, Haber, Malcolm Vella, Pal, Pushkar, Jeunen, Gert Jan, Gemmell, Neil, Fashae, Kayode, Holmstad, Rune, Hasan, Rumina, Shakoor, Sadia, Rojas, Maria Luz Zamudio, Wasyl, Dariusz, Bosevska, Golubinka, Kochubovski, Mihail, Radu, Cojocaru, Gassama, Amy, Radosavljevic, Vladimir, Wuertz, Stefan, Zuniga-Montanez, Rogelio, Tay, Moon Y.F., Gavačová, Dagmar, Pastuchova, Katarina, Truska, Peter, Trkov, Marija, Esterhuyse, Kerneels, Keddy, Karen, Cerdà-Cuéllar, Marta, Pathirage, Sujatha, Norrgren, Leif, Örn, Stefan, Larsson, D. G.Joakim, Heijden, Tanja Van der, Kumburu, Happiness Houka, Sanneh, Bakary, Bidjada, Pawou, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe Marie, Nikiema-Pessinaba, Somtinda Christelle, Levent, Belkis, Meschke, John Scott, Beck, Nicola Koren, Van, Chinh Dang, Tran, Doan Minh Nguyen, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Tabo, Djim adjim, Wester, Astrid Louise, Cuadros-Orellana, Sara, Amid, Clara, Cochrane, Guy, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Schmitt, Heike, Alvarez, Jorge Raul Matheu, Aidara-Kane, Awa, Pamp, Sünje J., Lund, Ole, Hald, Tine, Woolhouse, Mark, Koopmans, Marion P., Vigre, Håkan, Petersen, Thomas Nordahl, Aarestrup, Frank M., Hendriksen, Rene S., Munk, Patrick, Njage, Patrick, van Bunnik, Bram, McNally, Luke, Lukjancenko, Oksana, Röder, Timo, Nieuwenhuijse, David, Pedersen, Susanne Karlsmose, Kjeldgaard, Jette, Kaas, Rolf S., Clausen, Philip Thomas Lanken Conradsen, Vogt, Josef Korbinian, Leekitcharoenphon, Pimlapas, van de Schans, Milou G.M., Zuidema, Tina, de Roda Husman, Ana Maria, Rasmussen, Simon, Petersen, Bent, Bego, Artan, Rees, Catherine, Cassar, Susan, Coventry, Kris, Collignon, Peter, Allerberger, Franz, Rahube, Teddie O., Oliveira, Guilherme, Ivanov, Ivan, Vuthy, Yith, Sopheak, Thet, Yost, Christopher K., Ke, Changwen, Zheng, Huanying, Baisheng, Li, Jiao, Xiaoyang, Donado-Godoy, Pilar, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Jergović, Matijana, Hrenovic, Jasna, Karpíšková, Renáta, Villacis, Jose Eduardo, Legesse, Mengistu, Eguale, Tadesse, Heikinheimo, Annamari, Malania, Lile, Nitsche, Andreas, Brinkmann, Annika, Saba, Courage Kosi Setsoafia, Kocsis, Bela, Solymosi, Norbert, Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn R., Hatha, Abdulla Mohamed, Alebouyeh, Masoud, Morris, Dearbhaile, Cormican, Martin, O’Connor, Louise, Moran-Gilad, Jacob, Alba, Patricia, Battisti, Antonio, Shakenova, Zeinegul, Kiiyukia, Ciira, Ng’eno, Eric, Raka, Lul, Avsejenko, Jeļena, Bērziņš, Aivars, Bartkevics, Vadims, Penny, Christian, Rajandas, Heraa, Parimannan, Sivachandran, Haber, Malcolm Vella, Pal, Pushkar, Jeunen, Gert Jan, Gemmell, Neil, Fashae, Kayode, Holmstad, Rune, Hasan, Rumina, Shakoor, Sadia, Rojas, Maria Luz Zamudio, Wasyl, Dariusz, Bosevska, Golubinka, Kochubovski, Mihail, Radu, Cojocaru, Gassama, Amy, Radosavljevic, Vladimir, Wuertz, Stefan, Zuniga-Montanez, Rogelio, Tay, Moon Y.F., Gavačová, Dagmar, Pastuchova, Katarina, Truska, Peter, Trkov, Marija, Esterhuyse, Kerneels, Keddy, Karen, Cerdà-Cuéllar, Marta, Pathirage, Sujatha, Norrgren, Leif, Örn, Stefan, Larsson, D. G.Joakim, Heijden, Tanja Van der, Kumburu, Happiness Houka, Sanneh, Bakary, Bidjada, Pawou, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe Marie, Nikiema-Pessinaba, Somtinda Christelle, Levent, Belkis, Meschke, John Scott, Beck, Nicola Koren, Van, Chinh Dang, Tran, Doan Minh Nguyen, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Tabo, Djim adjim, Wester, Astrid Louise, Cuadros-Orellana, Sara, Amid, Clara, Cochrane, Guy, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Schmitt, Heike, Alvarez, Jorge Raul Matheu, Aidara-Kane, Awa, Pamp, Sünje J., Lund, Ole, Hald, Tine, Woolhouse, Mark, Koopmans, Marion P., Vigre, Håkan, Petersen, Thomas Nordahl, and Aarestrup, Frank M.
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to global public health, but obtaining representative data on AMR for healthy human populations is difficult. Here, we use metagenomic analysis of untreated sewage to characterize the bacterial resistome from 79 sites in 60 countries. We find systematic differences in abundance and diversity of AMR genes between Europe/North-America/Oceania and Africa/Asia/South-America. Antimicrobial use data and bacterial taxonomy only explains a minor part of the AMR variation that we observe. We find no evidence for cross-selection between antimicrobial classes, or for effect of air travel between sites. However, AMR gene abundance strongly correlates with socio-economic, health and environmental factors, which we use to predict AMR gene abundances in all countries in the world. Our findings suggest that global AMR gene diversity and abundance vary by region, and that improving sanitation and health could potentially limit the global burden of AMR. We propose metagenomic analysis of sewage as an ethically acceptable and economically feasible approach for continuous global surveillance and prediction of AMR.
Published: 2019

14. Global monitoring of antimicrobial resistance based on metagenomics analyses of urban sewage

Author: Sub RIVM, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, One Health Microbieel, dIRAS RA-I&I I&I, Hendriksen, Rene S., Munk, Patrick, Njage, Patrick, van Bunnik, Bram, McNally, Luke, Lukjancenko, Oksana, Röder, Timo, Nieuwenhuijse, David, Pedersen, Susanne Karlsmose, Kjeldgaard, Jette, Kaas, Rolf S., Clausen, Philip Thomas Lanken Conradsen, Vogt, Josef Korbinian, Leekitcharoenphon, Pimlapas, van de Schans, Milou G.M., Zuidema, Tina, de Roda Husman, Ana Maria, Rasmussen, Simon, Petersen, Bent, Bego, Artan, Rees, Catherine, Cassar, Susan, Coventry, Kris, Collignon, Peter, Allerberger, Franz, Rahube, Teddie O., Oliveira, Guilherme, Ivanov, Ivan, Vuthy, Yith, Sopheak, Thet, Yost, Christopher K., Ke, Changwen, Zheng, Huanying, Baisheng, Li, Jiao, Xiaoyang, Donado-Godoy, Pilar, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Jergović, Matijana, Hrenovic, Jasna, Karpíšková, Renáta, Villacis, Jose Eduardo, Legesse, Mengistu, Eguale, Tadesse, Heikinheimo, Annamari, Malania, Lile, Nitsche, Andreas, Brinkmann, Annika, Saba, Courage Kosi Setsoafia, Kocsis, Bela, Solymosi, Norbert, Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn R., Hatha, Abdulla Mohamed, Alebouyeh, Masoud, Morris, Dearbhaile, Cormican, Martin, O’Connor, Louise, Moran-Gilad, Jacob, Alba, Patricia, Battisti, Antonio, Shakenova, Zeinegul, Kiiyukia, Ciira, Ng’eno, Eric, Raka, Lul, Avsejenko, Jeļena, Bērziņš, Aivars, Bartkevics, Vadims, Penny, Christian, Rajandas, Heraa, Parimannan, Sivachandran, Haber, Malcolm Vella, Pal, Pushkar, Jeunen, Gert Jan, Gemmell, Neil, Fashae, Kayode, Holmstad, Rune, Hasan, Rumina, Shakoor, Sadia, Rojas, Maria Luz Zamudio, Wasyl, Dariusz, Bosevska, Golubinka, Kochubovski, Mihail, Radu, Cojocaru, Gassama, Amy, Radosavljevic, Vladimir, Wuertz, Stefan, Zuniga-Montanez, Rogelio, Tay, Moon Y.F., Gavačová, Dagmar, Pastuchova, Katarina, Truska, Peter, Trkov, Marija, Esterhuyse, Kerneels, Keddy, Karen, Cerdà-Cuéllar, Marta, Pathirage, Sujatha, Norrgren, Leif, Örn, Stefan, Larsson, D. G.Joakim, Heijden, Tanja Van der, Kumburu, Happiness Houka, Sanneh, Bakary, Bidjada, Pawou, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe Marie, Nikiema-Pessinaba, Somtinda Christelle, Levent, Belkis, Meschke, John Scott, Beck, Nicola Koren, Van, Chinh Dang, Tran, Doan Minh Nguyen, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Tabo, Djim adjim, Wester, Astrid Louise, Cuadros-Orellana, Sara, Amid, Clara, Cochrane, Guy, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Schmitt, Heike, Alvarez, Jorge Raul Matheu, Aidara-Kane, Awa, Pamp, Sünje J., Lund, Ole, Hald, Tine, Woolhouse, Mark, Koopmans, Marion P., Vigre, Håkan, Petersen, Thomas Nordahl, Aarestrup, Frank M., Sub RIVM, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, One Health Microbieel, dIRAS RA-I&I I&I, Hendriksen, Rene S., Munk, Patrick, Njage, Patrick, van Bunnik, Bram, McNally, Luke, Lukjancenko, Oksana, Röder, Timo, Nieuwenhuijse, David, Pedersen, Susanne Karlsmose, Kjeldgaard, Jette, Kaas, Rolf S., Clausen, Philip Thomas Lanken Conradsen, Vogt, Josef Korbinian, Leekitcharoenphon, Pimlapas, van de Schans, Milou G.M., Zuidema, Tina, de Roda Husman, Ana Maria, Rasmussen, Simon, Petersen, Bent, Bego, Artan, Rees, Catherine, Cassar, Susan, Coventry, Kris, Collignon, Peter, Allerberger, Franz, Rahube, Teddie O., Oliveira, Guilherme, Ivanov, Ivan, Vuthy, Yith, Sopheak, Thet, Yost, Christopher K., Ke, Changwen, Zheng, Huanying, Baisheng, Li, Jiao, Xiaoyang, Donado-Godoy, Pilar, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Jergović, Matijana, Hrenovic, Jasna, Karpíšková, Renáta, Villacis, Jose Eduardo, Legesse, Mengistu, Eguale, Tadesse, Heikinheimo, Annamari, Malania, Lile, Nitsche, Andreas, Brinkmann, Annika, Saba, Courage Kosi Setsoafia, Kocsis, Bela, Solymosi, Norbert, Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn R., Hatha, Abdulla Mohamed, Alebouyeh, Masoud, Morris, Dearbhaile, Cormican, Martin, O’Connor, Louise, Moran-Gilad, Jacob, Alba, Patricia, Battisti, Antonio, Shakenova, Zeinegul, Kiiyukia, Ciira, Ng’eno, Eric, Raka, Lul, Avsejenko, Jeļena, Bērziņš, Aivars, Bartkevics, Vadims, Penny, Christian, Rajandas, Heraa, Parimannan, Sivachandran, Haber, Malcolm Vella, Pal, Pushkar, Jeunen, Gert Jan, Gemmell, Neil, Fashae, Kayode, Holmstad, Rune, Hasan, Rumina, Shakoor, Sadia, Rojas, Maria Luz Zamudio, Wasyl, Dariusz, Bosevska, Golubinka, Kochubovski, Mihail, Radu, Cojocaru, Gassama, Amy, Radosavljevic, Vladimir, Wuertz, Stefan, Zuniga-Montanez, Rogelio, Tay, Moon Y.F., Gavačová, Dagmar, Pastuchova, Katarina, Truska, Peter, Trkov, Marija, Esterhuyse, Kerneels, Keddy, Karen, Cerdà-Cuéllar, Marta, Pathirage, Sujatha, Norrgren, Leif, Örn, Stefan, Larsson, D. G.Joakim, Heijden, Tanja Van der, Kumburu, Happiness Houka, Sanneh, Bakary, Bidjada, Pawou, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe Marie, Nikiema-Pessinaba, Somtinda Christelle, Levent, Belkis, Meschke, John Scott, Beck, Nicola Koren, Van, Chinh Dang, Tran, Doan Minh Nguyen, Kwenda, Geoffrey, Tabo, Djim adjim, Wester, Astrid Louise, Cuadros-Orellana, Sara, Amid, Clara, Cochrane, Guy, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Schmitt, Heike, Alvarez, Jorge Raul Matheu, Aidara-Kane, Awa, Pamp, Sünje J., Lund, Ole, Hald, Tine, Woolhouse, Mark, Koopmans, Marion P., Vigre, Håkan, Petersen, Thomas Nordahl, and Aarestrup, Frank M.
Published: 2019

15. Multicountry Distribution and Characterization of Extended-spectrum beta-Lactamase-associated Gram-negative Bacteria From Bloodstream Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author: Toy, Trevor, Pak, Gi Deok, Campbell, James I., El Tayeb, Muna Ahmed, Von Kalckreuth, Vera, Im, Justin, Panzner, Ursula, Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz, Eibach, Daniel, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Park, Se Eun, Jeon, Hyon Jin, Konings, Frank, Mogeni, Ondari D., Cosmas, Leonard, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Gasmelseed, Nagla, Hertz, Julian T., Jaeger, Anna, Krumkamp, Ralf, Ley, Benedikt, Thriemer, Kamala, Kabore, Leon Parfait, Niang, Aissatou, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Sampo, Emmanuel, Sarpong, Nimako, Soura, Abdramane, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Teferi, Mekonnen, Yeshitela, Biruk, Poppert, Sven, May, Juergen, Kim, Jerome H., Chon, Yun, Park, Jin Kyung, Aseffa, Abroaham, Breiman, Robert F., Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Aaby, Peter, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Crump, John A., Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Meyer, Christian G., Sow, Amy Gassama, Clemens, John D., Wierzba, Thomas F., Baker, Stephen, Marks, Florian, Toy, Trevor, Pak, Gi Deok, Campbell, James I., El Tayeb, Muna Ahmed, Von Kalckreuth, Vera, Im, Justin, Panzner, Ursula, Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz, Eibach, Daniel, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Park, Se Eun, Jeon, Hyon Jin, Konings, Frank, Mogeni, Ondari D., Cosmas, Leonard, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Gasmelseed, Nagla, Hertz, Julian T., Jaeger, Anna, Krumkamp, Ralf, Ley, Benedikt, Thriemer, Kamala, Kabore, Leon Parfait, Niang, Aissatou, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Sampo, Emmanuel, Sarpong, Nimako, Soura, Abdramane, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Teferi, Mekonnen, Yeshitela, Biruk, Poppert, Sven, May, Juergen, Kim, Jerome H., Chon, Yun, Park, Jin Kyung, Aseffa, Abroaham, Breiman, Robert F., Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Aaby, Peter, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Crump, John A., Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Meyer, Christian G., Sow, Amy Gassama, Clemens, John D., Wierzba, Thomas F., Baker, Stephen, and Marks, Florian
Abstract: Background. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health concern, yet, there are noticeable gaps in AMR surveillance data in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to measure the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections from 12 sentinel sites in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. Data were generated during the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP), in which standardized blood cultures were performed on febrile patients attending 12 health facilities in 9 sub-Saharan African countries between 2010 and 2014. Pathogenic bloodstream isolates were identified at the sites and then subsequently confirmed at a central reference laboratory. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of ESBL production, and conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for genes encoding for beta-lactamase were performed on all pathogens. Results. Five hundred and five pathogenic Gram-negative bloodstream isolates were isolated during the study period and available for further characterization. This included 423 Enterobacteriaceae. Phenotypically, 61 (12.1%) isolates exhibited ESBL activity, and genotypically, 47 (9.3%) yielded a PCR amplicon for at least one of the screened ESBL genes. Among specific Gram-negative isolates, 40 (45.5%) of 88 Klebsiella spp., 7 (5.7%) of 122 Escherichia coli, 6 (16.2%) of 37 Acinetobacter spp., and 2 (1.3%) of 159 of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) showed phenotypic ESBL activity. Conclusions. Our findings confirm the presence of ESBL production among pathogens causing bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa. With few alternatives for managing ESBL-producing pathogens in the African setting, measures to control the development and proliferation of AMR organisms are urgently needed.
Published: 2019

16. OCRL Deficiency Impairs Endolysosomal Function in a Humanized Mouse Model for Lowe Syndrome and Dent Disease

Author: Festa, Beatrice Paola, Berquez, Marine, Gassama, Alkaly, Amrein, Irmgard, Ismail, Hesham M, Samardzija, Marijana, Staiano, Leopoldo, Luciani, Alessandro, Grimm, Christian, Nussbaum, Robert L, De Matteis, Maria Antonietta, Dorchies, Olivier M, Scapozza, Leonardo, Wolfer, David Paul, Devuyst, Olivier, Festa, Beatrice Paola, Berquez, Marine, Gassama, Alkaly, Amrein, Irmgard, Ismail, Hesham M, Samardzija, Marijana, Staiano, Leopoldo, Luciani, Alessandro, Grimm, Christian, Nussbaum, Robert L, De Matteis, Maria Antonietta, Dorchies, Olivier M, Scapozza, Leonardo, Wolfer, David Paul, and Devuyst, Olivier
Abstract: Mutations in OCRL encoding the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase OCRL (Lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome protein) disrupt phosphoinositide homeostasis along the endolysosomal pathway causing dysfunction of the cells lining the kidney proximal tubule. The dysfunction can be isolated (Dent disease 2) or associated with congenital cataracts, central hypotonia and intellectual disability (Lowe syndrome). The mechanistic understanding of Dent disease 2/Lowe syndrome remains scarce, due to limitations of animal models of OCRL deficiency. Here, we investigate the role of OCRL in Dent disease 2/Lowe syndrome by using OcrlY/− mice, where the lethal deletion of the paralogue Inpp5b was rescued by human INPP5B insertion, and primary culture of proximal tubule cells (mPTCs) derived from OcrlY/− kidneys. The OcrlY/− mice show muscular defects with dysfunctional locomotricity and present massive urinary losses of low-molecular-weight proteins and albumin, caused by selective impairment of receptor-mediated endocytosis in proximal tubule cells. The latter was due to accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5–bisphosphate PI(4,5)P2 in endolysosomes, driving local hyper-polymerization of F-actin and impairing trafficking of the endocytic LRP2 receptor, as evidenced in OcrlY/− mPTCs. The OCRL deficiency was also associated with a disruption of the lysosomal dynamic and proteolytic activity. Partial convergence of disease-mechanism and renal phenotypes observed in OcrlY/− and Clcn5 Y/− mice suggest shared mechanisms in Dent disease 1 and 2. These studies substantiate the first mouse model of Lowe syndrome and give insights into the role of OCRL in cellular trafficking of multiligand receptors. These insights open new avenues for therapeutic interventions in Lowe syndrome and Dent disease.
Published: 2019

17. The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa

Author: Park, Se Eun, Boinett, Christine, Wong, Vanessa K., Pak, Gi Deok, Panzner, Ursula, Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Im, Justin, Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Crump, John A., Breiman, Robert F., Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Aseffa, Abraham, Gasmelseed, Nagla, Keddy, Karen H., May, Juergen, Sow, Amy Gassama, Aaby, Peter, Biggs, Holly M., Hertz, Julian T., Montgomery, Joel M., Cosmas, Leonard, Olack, Beatrice, Fields, Barry, Sarpong, Nimako, Razafindrabe, Tsiriniaina Jean Luco, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Kabore, Leon Parfait, Sampo, Emmanuel, Teferi, Mekonnen, Yeshitela, Biruk, El Tayeb, Muna Ahmed, Sooka, Arvinda, Meyer, Christian G., Krumkamp, Ralf, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Jaeger, Anna, Poppert, Sven, Tall, Adama, Niang, Aissatou, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Lofberg, Sandra Valborg, Seo, Hye Jin, Jeon, Hyon Jin, Deerin, Jessica Fung, Park, Jinkyung, Konings, Frank, Ali, Mohammad, Clemens, John D., Hughes, Peter, Sendagala, Juliet Nsimire, Vudriko, Tobias, Downing, Robert, Ikumapayi, Usman N., Mackenzie, Grant A., Obaro, Stephen, Argimon, Silvia, Aanensen, David M., Page, Andrew, Keane, Jacqueline A., Duchene, Sebastian, Dyson, Zoe, Holt, Kathryn E., Dougan, Gordon, Marks, Florian, Baker, Stephen, Park, Se Eun, Boinett, Christine, Wong, Vanessa K., Pak, Gi Deok, Panzner, Ursula, Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Im, Justin, Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Crump, John A., Breiman, Robert F., Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Aseffa, Abraham, Gasmelseed, Nagla, Keddy, Karen H., May, Juergen, Sow, Amy Gassama, Aaby, Peter, Biggs, Holly M., Hertz, Julian T., Montgomery, Joel M., Cosmas, Leonard, Olack, Beatrice, Fields, Barry, Sarpong, Nimako, Razafindrabe, Tsiriniaina Jean Luco, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Kabore, Leon Parfait, Sampo, Emmanuel, Teferi, Mekonnen, Yeshitela, Biruk, El Tayeb, Muna Ahmed, Sooka, Arvinda, Meyer, Christian G., Krumkamp, Ralf, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Jaeger, Anna, Poppert, Sven, Tall, Adama, Niang, Aissatou, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Lofberg, Sandra Valborg, Seo, Hye Jin, Jeon, Hyon Jin, Deerin, Jessica Fung, Park, Jinkyung, Konings, Frank, Ali, Mohammad, Clemens, John D., Hughes, Peter, Sendagala, Juliet Nsimire, Vudriko, Tobias, Downing, Robert, Ikumapayi, Usman N., Mackenzie, Grant A., Obaro, Stephen, Argimon, Silvia, Aanensen, David M., Page, Andrew, Keane, Jacqueline A., Duchene, Sebastian, Dyson, Zoe, Holt, Kathryn E., Dougan, Gordon, Marks, Florian, and Baker, Stephen
Abstract: There is paucity of data regarding the geographical distribution, incidence, and phylogenetics of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we present a phylogenetic reconstruction of whole genome sequenced 249 contemporaneous S. Typhi isolated between 2008-2015 in 11 sub-Saharan African countries, in context of the 2,057 global S. Typhi genomic framework. Despite the broad genetic diversity, the majority of organisms (225/249; 90%) belong to only three genotypes, 4.3.1 (H58) (99/249; 40%), 3.1.1 (97/249; 39%), and 2.3.2 (29/249; 12%). Genotypes 4.3.1 and 3.1.1 are confined within East and West Africa, respectively. MDR phenotype is found in over 50% of organisms restricted within these dominant genotypes. High incidences of MDR S. Typhi are calculated in locations with a high burden of typhoid, specifically in children aged <15 years. Antimicrobial stewardship, MDR surveillance, and the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines will be critical for the control of MDR typhoid in Africa.
Published: 2018

18. OCRL deficiency impairs endolysosomal function in a humanized mouse model for Lowe syndrome and Dent disease

Author: UCL - SSS/IREC/NEFR - Pôle de Néphrologie, Festa, Beatrice Paola, Berquez, Marine, Gassama, Alkaly, Amrein, Irmgard, Ismail, Hesham M, Samardzija, Marijana, Staiano, Leopoldo, Luciani, Alessandro, Grimm, Christian, Nussbaum, Robert L, De Matteis, Maria Antonietta, Dorchies, Olivier M, Scapozza, Leonardo, Wolfer, David Paul, Devuyst, Olivier, UCL - SSS/IREC/NEFR - Pôle de Néphrologie, Festa, Beatrice Paola, Berquez, Marine, Gassama, Alkaly, Amrein, Irmgard, Ismail, Hesham M, Samardzija, Marijana, Staiano, Leopoldo, Luciani, Alessandro, Grimm, Christian, Nussbaum, Robert L, De Matteis, Maria Antonietta, Dorchies, Olivier M, Scapozza, Leonardo, Wolfer, David Paul, and Devuyst, Olivier
Abstract: Mutations in OCRL encoding the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase OCRL (Lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome protein) disrupt phosphoinositide homeostasis along the endolysosomal pathway causing dysfunction of the cells lining the kidney proximal tubule (PT). The dysfunction can be isolated (Dent disease 2) or associated with congenital cataracts, central hypotonia and intellectual disability (Lowe syndrome). The mechanistic understanding of Dent disease 2/Lowe syndrome remains scarce due to limitations of animal models of OCRL deficiency. Here, we investigate the role of OCRL in Dent disease 2/Lowe syndrome by using OcrlY/- mice, where the lethal deletion of the paralogue Inpp5b was rescued by human INPP5B insertion, and primary culture of proximal tubule cells (mPTCs) derived from OcrlY/- kidneys. The OcrlY/- mice show muscular defects with dysfunctional locomotricity and present massive urinary losses of low-molecular-weight proteins and albumin, caused by selective impairment of receptor-mediated endocytosis in PT cells. The latter was due to accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate PI(4,5)P2 in endolysosomes, driving local hyper-polymerization of F-actin and impairing trafficking of the endocytic LRP2 receptor, as evidenced in OcrlY/- mPTCs. The OCRL deficiency was also associated with a disruption of the lysosomal dynamic and proteolytic activity. Partial convergence of disease-pathways and renal phenotypes observed in OcrlY/- and Clcn5Y/- mice suggest shared mechanisms in Dent diseases 1 and 2. These studies substantiate the first mouse model of Lowe syndrome and give insights into the role of OCRL in cellular trafficking of multiligand receptors. These insights open new avenues for therapeutic interventions in Lowe syndrome and Dent disease.
Published: 2018

19. Combined Structural and Functional Imaging of the Kidney Reveals Major Axial Differences in Proximal Tubule Endocytosis

Author: UCL - SSS/IREC/NEFR - Pôle de Néphrologie, Schuh, Claus D., Polesel, Marcello, Platonova, Evgenia, Haenni, Dominik, Gassama, Alkaly, Tokonami, Natsuko, Ghazi, Susan, Bugarski, Milica, Devuyst, Olivier, Ziegler, Urs, Hall, Andrew M., UCL - SSS/IREC/NEFR - Pôle de Néphrologie, Schuh, Claus D., Polesel, Marcello, Platonova, Evgenia, Haenni, Dominik, Gassama, Alkaly, Tokonami, Natsuko, Ghazi, Susan, Bugarski, Milica, Devuyst, Olivier, Ziegler, Urs, and Hall, Andrew M.
Abstract: Background: The kidney proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) reabsorbs filtered macromolecules via receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) or nonspecific fluid phase endocytosis (FPE); endocytosis is also an entry route for disease-causing toxins. PCT cells express the protein ligand receptor megalin and have a highly developed endolysosomal system (ELS). Two PCT segments (S1 and S2) display subtle differences in cellular ultrastructure; whether these translate into differences in endocytotic function has been unknown. Methods: To investigate potential differences in endocytic function in S1 and S2, we quantified ELS protein expression in mouse kidney PCTs using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. We also used multiphoton microscopy to visualize uptake of fluorescently labeled ligands in both living animals and tissue cleared using a modified CLARITY approach. Results: Uptake of proteins by RME occurs almost exclusively in S1. In contrast, dextran uptake by FPE takes place in both S1 and S2, suggesting that RME and FPE are discrete processes. Expression of key ELS proteins, but not megalin, showed a bimodal distribution; levels were far higher in S1, where intracellular distribution was also more polarized. Tissue clearing permitted imaging of ligand uptake at single-organelle resolution in large sections of kidney cortex. Analysis of segmented tubules confirmed that, compared with protein uptake, dextran uptake occurred over a much greater length of the PCT, although individual PCTs show marked heterogeneity in solute uptake length and three-dimensional morphology. Conclusions: Striking axial differences in ligand uptake and ELS function exist along the PCT, independent of megalin expression. These differences have important implications for understanding topographic patterns of kidney diseases and the origins of proteinuria.
Published: 2018

20. Seed germination and seedling performance of rice grown in municipal wastewater

Author: Gassama, Umaru Mohamed, Puteh, Adam, Garba, Jamilu, Kargbo, Bashiru, Gassama, Umaru Mohamed, Puteh, Adam, Garba, Jamilu, and Kargbo, Bashiru
Abstract: The use of municipal wastewater for watering purposes is an essential way to utilize it nutrients. Laboratory experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design using sand medium with municipal wastewater and MR219 rice seed with the aim to assess the suitability of municipal wastewater (treated and untreated) at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100%) on seed germination and seedling performance. Significant (p<0.05) difference was observed between untreated and treated municipal wastewater for seedling length (SL), root volume (RV), seedling vigour index (SVI) and root:shoot ratio (R:S) while no different was observed between untreated and treated municipal wastewater for germination percentage (GP) and seedling phytotoxicity. The municipal wastewaters had stimulatory effect on the rice seeds at lower wastewater concentrations (<25%) while inhibitory effect was observed at higher wastewater concentrations (>50%). The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn were high in untreated municipal wastewater compare to treated municipal wastewater. Seeds imbibed with untreated municipal wastewater have high seed germination and seedling performance compare to treated municipal wastewater. Inhibitory effect on chlorophyll content was observed at >50% concentration of both untreated and treated municipal wastewater while promoting effects were observed at lower (<25%) concentration. Positive and significant correlation was indicated between parameters of rice seed germination and seedlings performance. Municipal wastewater of <50% concentration could be recommended as a good source of water and nutrients for rice seed germination without affecting seedling performance.
Published: 2018

21. Link between Ciliogenesis and Disorders of the Proximal Tubule of the Kidney

Author: Gassama, Alkaly and Gassama, Alkaly
Published: 2018

22. THE WAR AGAINST IRAQ BY THE COALITION OF THE WILLING; ITS LEGAL AND MORAL VALIDITY

Author: Mansoureh Ebrahimi, Kamaruzaman Yusoff, Saikou Kawsu Gassama, Mansoureh Ebrahimi, Kamaruzaman Yusoff, and Saikou Kawsu Gassama
Abstract: \nBy March of 2007, some four years after the war began, the Bush administration was still increasing its number of troops in Iraq. The ï¿½coalition of the willingï¿½ had invaded in 2003, specifically to end the regime of President Saddam Husain who had ruled for more than thirty-five years. What initially appeared as a quick coalition success soon became civil war fuelled by sectarian violence as well as the presence of al-Qaeda and other insurgents. Both pre- and post-invasion periods witnessed intense debate over the legality and morality of the coalitionï¿½s military campaign and occupation without UN Security Council Mandate. Using documentary analysis and the ï¿½Just Warï¿½ theory, this study assesses legal and moral arguments that were advanced in support of the coalitionï¿½s position. The paper traces the ascendency of President Bushï¿½s doctrine of pre-emptive self-defence. Moreover, arguments for the warï¿½s legality are examined in light of customary International Law and the coalitionï¿½s arguments are examined in light of classical criteria for jus ad bellum and jus in Bello. The authors conclude that in spite of the coalition\'s rigorous propaganda campaign, they neither established moral rectitude nor legal basis for the invasion of Iraq in March 2003.\nKeywords: The coalition of the willing, Iraq, customary International Law, jus ad bellum and jus in Bello.
Published: 2017

23. Incidence of invasive salmonella disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicentre population-based surveillance study

Author: Marks, Florian, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Aaby, Peter, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, El Tayeb, Muna Ahmed, Ali, Mohammad, Aseffa, Abraham, Baker, Stephen, Biggs, Holly M., Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Breiman, Robert F., Campbell, James I., Cosmas, Leonard, Crump, John A., Espinoza, Maria Cruz, Deerin, Jessica Fung, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Fields, Barry S., Gasmelseed, Nagla, Hertz, Julian T., Jaeger, Justin Im Anna, Jeon, Hyon Jin, Kabore, Leon Parfait, Keddy, Karen H., Konings, Frank, Krumkamp, Ralf, Ley, Benedikt, Erg, Sandra Valborg Lofb, May, Juergen, Meyer, Christian G., Mintz, Eric D., Montgomery, Joel M., Niang, Aissatou Ahmet, Nichols, Chelsea, Olack, Beatrice, Pak, Gi Deok, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Jin Kyung, Park, Se Eun, Rabezanahary, Henintsoa, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Razafindrabe, Tsiriniaina Jean Luco, Sampo, Emmanuel, Schutt-Gerowitt, Heidi, Sow, Amy Gassama, Sarpong, Nimako, Seo, Hye Jin, Sooka, Arvinda, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Tall, Adama, Teferi, Mekonnen, Thriemer, Kamala, Warren, Michelle R., Yeshitela, Biruk, Clemens, John D., Wierzba, Thomas F., Marks, Florian, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Aaby, Peter, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, El Tayeb, Muna Ahmed, Ali, Mohammad, Aseffa, Abraham, Baker, Stephen, Biggs, Holly M., Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Breiman, Robert F., Campbell, James I., Cosmas, Leonard, Crump, John A., Espinoza, Maria Cruz, Deerin, Jessica Fung, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Fields, Barry S., Gasmelseed, Nagla, Hertz, Julian T., Jaeger, Justin Im Anna, Jeon, Hyon Jin, Kabore, Leon Parfait, Keddy, Karen H., Konings, Frank, Krumkamp, Ralf, Ley, Benedikt, Erg, Sandra Valborg Lofb, May, Juergen, Meyer, Christian G., Mintz, Eric D., Montgomery, Joel M., Niang, Aissatou Ahmet, Nichols, Chelsea, Olack, Beatrice, Pak, Gi Deok, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Jin Kyung, Park, Se Eun, Rabezanahary, Henintsoa, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Razafindrabe, Tsiriniaina Jean Luco, Sampo, Emmanuel, Schutt-Gerowitt, Heidi, Sow, Amy Gassama, Sarpong, Nimako, Seo, Hye Jin, Sooka, Arvinda, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Tall, Adama, Teferi, Mekonnen, Thriemer, Kamala, Warren, Michelle R., Yeshitela, Biruk, Clemens, John D., and Wierzba, Thomas F.
Abstract: Background Available incidence data for invasive salmonella disease in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. Standardised, multicountry data are required to better understand the nature and burden of disease in Africa. We aimed to measure the adjusted incidence estimates of typhoid fever and invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (iNTS) disease in sub-Saharan Africa, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the causative agents. Methods We established a systematic, standardised surveillance of blood culture-based febrile illness in 13 African sentinel sites with previous reports of typhoid fever: Burkina Faso (two sites), Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar (two sites), Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania (two sites). We used census data and health-care records to define study catchment areas and populations. Eligible participants were either inpatients or outpatients who resided within the catchment area and presented with tympanic (>= 38.0 degrees C) or axillary temperature (>= 37.5 degrees C). Inpatients with a reported history of fever for 72 h or longer were excluded. We also implemented a health-care utilisation survey in a sample of households randomly selected from each study area to investigate health-seeking behaviour in cases of self-reported fever lasting less than 3 days. Typhoid fever and iNTS disease incidences were corrected for health-care-seeking behaviour and recruitment. Findings Between March 1, 2010, and Jan 31, 2014, 135 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S Typhi) and 94 iNTS isolates were cultured from the blood of 13 431 febrile patients. Salmonella spp accounted for 33% or more of all bacterial pathogens at nine sites. The adjusted incidence rate (AIR) of S Typhi per 100 000 person-years of observation ranged from 0 (95% CI 0-0) in Sudan to 383 (274-535) at one site in Burkina Faso; the AIR of iNTS ranged from 0 in Sudan, Ethiopia, Madagascar (Isotry site), and South Africa to 237 (178-316) at the second site in Burkina Fa
Published: 2017

24. Bone marrow transplantation improves proximal tubule dysfunction in a mouse model of Dent disease

Author: UCL - SSS/IREC/NEFR - Pôle de Néphrologie, Gabriel, Sarah S., Belge, Hendrica, Gassama, Alkaly, Debaix, Huguette, Luciani, Alessandro, Fehr, Thomas, Devuyst, Olivier, UCL - SSS/IREC/NEFR - Pôle de Néphrologie, Gabriel, Sarah S., Belge, Hendrica, Gassama, Alkaly, Debaix, Huguette, Luciani, Alessandro, Fehr, Thomas, and Devuyst, Olivier
Abstract: Dent disease is a rare X-linked tubulopathy caused by mutations in the endosomal chloride-proton exchanger (ClC-5) resulting in defective receptor-mediated endocytosis and severe proximal tubule dysfunction. Bone marrow transplantation has recently been shown to preserve kidney function in cystinosis, a lysosomal storage disease causing proximal tubule dysfunction. Here we test the effects of bone marrow transplantation in Clcn5Y/- mice, a faithful model for Dent disease. Transplantation of wild-type bone marrow in Clcn5Y/- mice significantly improved proximal tubule dysfunction, with decreased low-molecular-weight proteinuria, glycosuria, calciuria, and polyuria four months after transplantation, compared to Clcn5Y/- mice transplanted with ClC-5 knockout bone marrow. Bone marrow-derived cells engrafted in the interstitium, surrounding proximal tubule cells, which showed a rescue of the apical expression of ClC-5 and megalin receptors. The improvement of proximal tubule dysfunction correlated with Clcn5 gene expression in kidneys of mice transplanted with wild-type bone marrow cells. Coculture of Clcn5Y/- proximal tubule cells with bone marrow-derived cells confirmed rescue of ClC-5 and megalin, resulting in improved endocytosis. Nanotubular extensions between the engrafted bone marrow-derived cells and proximal tubule cells were observed in vivo and in vitro. No rescue was found when the formation of the tunneling nanotubes was prevented by actin depolymerization or when cells were physically separated by transwell inserts. Thus, bone marrow transplantation may rescue the epithelial phenotype due to an inherited endosomal defect. Direct contacts between bone marrow-derived cells and diseased tubular cells play a key role in the rescue mechanism.
Published: 2017

25. The Drying Kinetics Study of Couscous for its Conservation,Comsumption and Urban Marketing

Author: BA, Modou, Sow, Demba, Faye, Samba, Sow, Amy Gassama, Sall, Mouhamadou Diop, BA, Modou, Sow, Demba, Faye, Samba, Sow, Amy Gassama, and Sall, Mouhamadou Diop
Abstract: The combined effects of the devaluation of the CFA franc in 1992, the food crisis of 2008 and the strong demand for grain products developed urban dwellers have proven to be a necessity of development of grain products manufacturing units marketable and storable without any risk of alteration for cereal craftsmen. This contribution conducted at 40 ° C and 55 ° C with air speeds of 1m / s 2m / s and 3m / s is in the kinetic study of a technological process couscous drying to determine the optimum conditions of the process of dehydration. She found that the drying kinetics of couscous takes place in three phases; indicating that couscous is rich in water and that it can be stored at room temperature unless it is dried. Henceforth it is imperative to have a good knowledge and mastery of these three phases that impact on product quality This study showed that the experiments performed at a speed of air 3m / s at 40 ° C temperatures and 55 ° C, show a brown coloration due to Maillard reactions. We see that the browning phenomena are more pronounced at the speed of 3m / s and 55 ° C. It is found that the slow drying is better suited to the quick dry couscous. In addition to further drying the air velocity of 1m / s correlated with the temperature of 40 ° C is the most suitable as well as good monitoring of the evolution of the temperature during the drying phase warm up for a good product.
Published: 2016

26. The Relationship Between Invasive Nontyphoidal Disease, Other Bacterial Bloodstream Infections, and Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author: Park, Se Eun, Pak, Gi Deok, Aaby, Peter, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Ali, Mohammad, Aseffa, Abraham, Biggs, Holly M., Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Breiman, Robert F., Crump, John A., Cruz Espinoza, Ligia Maria, Eltayeb, Muna Ahmed, Gasmelseed, Nagla, Hertz, Julian T., Im, Justin, Jaeger, Anna, Parfait Kabore, Leon, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Keddy, Karen H., Konings, Frank, Krumkamp, Ralf, MacLennan, Calman A., Meyer, Christian G., Montgomery, Joel M., Ahmet Niang, Aissatou, Nichols, Chelsea, Olack, Beatrice, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Jin Kyung, Rabezanahary, Henintsoa, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Sampo, Emmanuel, Sarpong, Nimako, Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Sooka, Arvinda, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Sow, Amy Gassama, Tall, Adama, Teferi, Mekonnen, Yeshitela, Biruk, May, Juegen, Wierzba, Thomas F., Clemens, John D., Baker, Stephen, Marks, Florian, Park, Se Eun, Pak, Gi Deok, Aaby, Peter, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Ali, Mohammad, Aseffa, Abraham, Biggs, Holly M., Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Breiman, Robert F., Crump, John A., Cruz Espinoza, Ligia Maria, Eltayeb, Muna Ahmed, Gasmelseed, Nagla, Hertz, Julian T., Im, Justin, Jaeger, Anna, Parfait Kabore, Leon, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Keddy, Karen H., Konings, Frank, Krumkamp, Ralf, MacLennan, Calman A., Meyer, Christian G., Montgomery, Joel M., Ahmet Niang, Aissatou, Nichols, Chelsea, Olack, Beatrice, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Jin Kyung, Rabezanahary, Henintsoa, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Sampo, Emmanuel, Sarpong, Nimako, Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Sooka, Arvinda, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Sow, Amy Gassama, Tall, Adama, Teferi, Mekonnen, Yeshitela, Biruk, May, Juegen, Wierzba, Thomas F., Clemens, John D., Baker, Stephen, and Marks, Florian
Abstract: Methods.aEuro integral Febrile patients received a blood culture and a malaria test. Isolated bacteria underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the association between iNTS disease and malaria was assessed. Results.aEuro integral A positive correlation between frequency proportions of malaria and iNTS was observed (P = .01; r = 0.70). Areas with higher burden of malaria exhibited higher odds of iNTS disease compared to other bacterial infections (odds ratio [OR], 4.89; 95% CI, 1.61-14.90; P = .005) than areas with lower malaria burden. Malaria parasite positivity was associated with iNTS disease (OR, 2.44; P = .031) and gram-positive bacteremias, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, exhibited a high proportion of coinfection with Plasmodium malaria. Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis were the predominant NTS serovars (53/73; 73%). Both moderate (OR, 6.05; P = .0001) and severe (OR, 14.62; P < .0001) anemia were associated with iNTS disease. Conclusions.aEuro integral A positive correlation between iNTS disease and malaria endemicity, and the association between Plasmodium parasite positivity and iNTS disease across sub-Saharan Africa, indicates the necessity to consider iNTS as a major cause of febrile illness in malaria-holoendemic areas. Prevention of iNTS disease through iNTS vaccines for areas of high malaria endemicity, targeting high-risk groups for Plasmodium parasitic infection, should be considered.
Published: 2016

27. Validation and Identification of Invasive Salmonella Serotypes in Sub-Saharan Africa by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

Author: Al-Emran, Hassan M., Krumkamp, Ralf, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Eibach, Daniel, Aaby, Peter, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Ali, Mohammad, Rubach, Mathew P., Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Crump, John A., Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz, Lofberg, Sandra Valborg, Sow, Amy Gassama, Hertz, Julian T., Im, Justin, Jaeger, Anna, Kabore, Leon Parfait, Konings, Frank, Meyer, Christian G., Niang, Aissatou, Pak, Gi Deok, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Se Eun, Rabezanahary, Henintsoa, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Razafindrabe, Tsiriniaina Jean Luco, Sampo, Emmanuel, Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Sarpong, Nimako, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Tall, Adama, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Wierzba, Thomas F., May, Juergen, Marks, Florian, Al-Emran, Hassan M., Krumkamp, Ralf, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Eibach, Daniel, Aaby, Peter, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Ali, Mohammad, Rubach, Mathew P., Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Crump, John A., Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz, Lofberg, Sandra Valborg, Sow, Amy Gassama, Hertz, Julian T., Im, Justin, Jaeger, Anna, Kabore, Leon Parfait, Konings, Frank, Meyer, Christian G., Niang, Aissatou, Pak, Gi Deok, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Se Eun, Rabezanahary, Henintsoa, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Razafindrabe, Tsiriniaina Jean Luco, Sampo, Emmanuel, Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Sarpong, Nimako, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Tall, Adama, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Wierzba, Thomas F., May, Juergen, and Marks, Florian
Abstract: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) cause the majority of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa; however, serotyping is rarely performed. We validated a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor (WKLM) scheme of serotyping using 110 Salmonella isolates from blood cultures of febrile children in Ghana and applied the method in other Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program study sites. In Ghana, 47 (43%) S. Typhi, 36 (33%) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, 14 (13%) Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin, and 13 (12%) Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis were identified by both multiplex PCR and the WKLM scheme separately. Using the validated multiplex PCR assay, we identified 42 (66%) S. Typhi, 14 (22%) S. Typhimurium, 2 (3%) S. Dublin, 2 (3%) S. Enteritidis, and 4 (6%) other Salmonella species from the febrile patients in Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Senegal, and Tanzania. Application of this multiplex PCR assay in sub-Saharan Africa could advance the knowledge of serotype distribution of Salmonella.
Published: 2016

28. Prevalence of Salmonella Excretion in Stool: A Community Survey in 2 Sites, Guinea-Bissau and Senegal

Author: Im, Justin, Nichols, Chelsea, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Sow, Amy Gassama, Lofberg, Sandra, Tall, Adama, Pak, Gi Deok, Aaby, Peter, Baker, Stephen, Clemens, John D., Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz, Konings, Frank, May, Juergen, Monteiro, Mario, Niang, Aissatou, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Se Eun, Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Wierzba, Thomas F., Marks, Florian, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Im, Justin, Nichols, Chelsea, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Sow, Amy Gassama, Lofberg, Sandra, Tall, Adama, Pak, Gi Deok, Aaby, Peter, Baker, Stephen, Clemens, John D., Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz, Konings, Frank, May, Juergen, Monteiro, Mario, Niang, Aissatou, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Se Eun, Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Wierzba, Thomas F., Marks, Florian, and von Kalckreuth, Vera
Abstract: Methods.aEuro integral Stool specimens were collected from a random sample of households in 2 populations in West Africa: Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, and Dakar, Senegal. Stool was cultured to detect presence of Salmonella, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on the isolated organisms. Results.aEuro integral Stool was cultured from 1077 and 1359 individuals from Guinea-Bissau and Senegal, respectively. Salmonella Typhi was not isolated from stool samples at either site. Prevalence of NTS in stool samples was 24.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.5-35.1; n = 26/1077) per 1000 population in Guinea-Bissau and 10.3 (95% CI, 6.1-17.2; n = 14/1359) per 1000 population in Senegal. Conclusions.aEuro integral Evidence of NTS excretion in stool in both study populations indicates a possible NTS transmission route in these settings.
Published: 2016

29. The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP): Clinical, Diagnostic, and Epidemiological Methodologies

Author: von Kalckreuth, Vera, Konings, Frank, Aaby, Peter, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Ali, Mohammad, Aseffa, Abraham, Baker, Stephen, Breiman, Robert F., Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Clemens, John D., Crump, John A., Cruz Espinoza, Ligia Maria, Deerin, Jessica Fung, Gasmelseed, Nagla, Sow, Amy Gassama, Im, Justin, Keddy, Karen H., Cosmas, Leonard, May, Juergen, Meyer, Christian G., Mintz, Eric D., Montgomery, Joel M., Olack, Beatrice, Pak, Gi Deok, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Se Eun, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Warren, Michelle R., Wierzba, Thomas F., Marks, Florian, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Konings, Frank, Aaby, Peter, Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw, Ali, Mohammad, Aseffa, Abraham, Baker, Stephen, Breiman, Robert F., Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Clemens, John D., Crump, John A., Cruz Espinoza, Ligia Maria, Deerin, Jessica Fung, Gasmelseed, Nagla, Sow, Amy Gassama, Im, Justin, Keddy, Karen H., Cosmas, Leonard, May, Juergen, Meyer, Christian G., Mintz, Eric D., Montgomery, Joel M., Olack, Beatrice, Pak, Gi Deok, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Se Eun, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Warren, Michelle R., Wierzba, Thomas F., and Marks, Florian
Abstract: Methods.aEuro integral Standardized procedures were developed and deployed across sites for study site selection, patient enrolment, laboratory procedures, quality control and quality assurance, assessment of healthcare utilization and incidence calculations. Results.aEuro integral Passive surveillance for bloodstream infections among febrile patients was initiated at thirteen sentinel sites in ten countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania). Each TSAP site conducted case detection using these standardized methods to isolate and identify aerobic bacteria from the bloodstream of febrile patients. Healthcare utilization surveys were conducted to adjust population denominators in incidence calculations for differing healthcare utilization patterns and improve comparability of incidence rates across sites. Conclusions.aEuro integral By providing standardized data on the incidence of typhoid fever and iNTS disease in sub-Saharan Africa, TSAP will provide vital input for targeted typhoid fever prevention programs.
Published: 2016

30. A Multicountry Molecular Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi With Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author: Al-Emran, Hassan M., Eibach, Daniel, Krumkamp, Ralf, Ali, Mohammad, Baker, Stephen, Biggs, Holly M., Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Breiman, Robert F., Clemens, John D., Crump, John A., Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz, Deerin, Jessica, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Gassama Sow, Amy, Hertz, Julian T., Im, Justin, Ibrango, Samuel, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Kabore, Leon Parfait, Konings, Frank, Lofberg, Sandra Valborg, Meyer, Christian G., Mintz, Eric D., Montgomery, Joel M., Olack, Beatrice, Pak, Gi Deok, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Se Eun, Razafindrabe, Jean Luco Tsiriniaina, Rabezanahary, Henintsoa, Rakotondrainiarivelo, Jean Philibert, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Sampo, Emmanuel, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Tall, Adama, Warren, Michelle, Wierzba, Thomas F., May, Juergen, Marks, Florian, Al-Emran, Hassan M., Eibach, Daniel, Krumkamp, Ralf, Ali, Mohammad, Baker, Stephen, Biggs, Holly M., Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Breiman, Robert F., Clemens, John D., Crump, John A., Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz, Deerin, Jessica, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Gassama Sow, Amy, Hertz, Julian T., Im, Justin, Ibrango, Samuel, von Kalckreuth, Vera, Kabore, Leon Parfait, Konings, Frank, Lofberg, Sandra Valborg, Meyer, Christian G., Mintz, Eric D., Montgomery, Joel M., Olack, Beatrice, Pak, Gi Deok, Panzner, Ursula, Park, Se Eun, Razafindrabe, Jean Luco Tsiriniaina, Rabezanahary, Henintsoa, Rakotondrainiarivelo, Jean Philibert, Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael, Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana, Schuett-Gerowitt, Heidi, Sampo, Emmanuel, Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi, Tall, Adama, Warren, Michelle, Wierzba, Thomas F., May, Juergen, and Marks, Florian
Abstract: Methods.aEuro integral Febrile patients from 9 sites within 6 countries in SSA with a body temperature of a parts per thousand yen38.0A degrees C were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were obtained for bacterial culture, and Salmonella isolates were identified biochemically and confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility of all Salmonella isolates was performed by disk diffusion test, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against ciprofloxacin were measured by Etest. All Salmonella isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC > 0.06 A mu g/mL) were screened for mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions in target genes, and the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes was assessed by PCR. Results.aEuro integral A total of 8161 blood cultures were performed, and 100 (1.2%) S. Typhi, 2 (< 0.1%) Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A, and 27 (0.3%) nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) were isolated. Multidrug-resistant S. Typhi were isolated in Kenya (79% [n = 38]) and Tanzania (89% [n = 8]) only. Reduced ciprofloxacin-susceptible (22% [n = 11]) S. Typhi were isolated only in Kenya. Among those 11 isolates, all had a Glu133Gly mutation in the gyrA gene combined with either a gyrA (Ser83Phe) or gyrB mutation (Ser464Phe). One Salmonella Paratyphi A isolate with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was found in Senegal, with 1 mutation in gyrA (Ser83Phe) and a second mutation in parC (Ser57Phe). Mutations in the parE gene and PMQR genes were not detected in any isolate. Conclusions.aEuro integral Salmonella Typhi with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was not distributed homogenously throughout SSA. Its prevalence was very high in Kenya, and was not observed in other study countries. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility is required to follow the potential spread of antimicrobial-resistant isolates throughout SSA.
Published: 2016

31. Nuclear cardiology practice and associated radiation doses in Europe: results of the IAEA Nuclear Cardiology Protocols Study (INCAPS) for the 27 European countries

Author: Lindner, O, Pascual, TNB, Mercuri, M, Acampa, W, Burchert, W, Flotats, A, Kaufmann, PA, Kitsiou, A, Knuuti, J, Underwood, SR, Vitola, JV, Mahmarian, JJ, Karthikeyan, G, Better, N, Rehani, MM, Kashyap, R, Dondi, M, Paez, D, Einstein, AJ, Bouyoucef, SE, Lele, V, Magboo, VPC, Mut, F, Meeks, JB, Alexanderson, E, Allam, A, Al-Mallah, MH, Bom, H, Jerome, S, Luxenburg, O, Mahmarian, J, Shaw, LJ, Vitola, J, Amouri, W, Essabbah, H, Gassama, SS, Makhdomi, KB, El Mustapha, GIE, El Ouchdi, N, Qais, N, Soni, N, Vangu, W, Abazid, RM, Adams, B, Agarwal, V, Alfeeli, MA, Alnafisi, N, Bernabe, L, Bural, GG, Chaiwatanarat, T, Chandraguptha, JM, Cheon, GJ, Cho, I, Dogan, AS, Eftekhari, M, Frenkel, A, Garty, I, George, S, Geramifar, P, Golan, H, Habib, S, Hussain, R, Im, H, Jeon, H-J, Kalawat, T, Kang, WJ, Keng, F, Klaipetch, A, Kumar, PG, Lee, J, Lee, WW, Lim, I, Macaisa, CMM, Malhotra, G, Mittal, BR, Mohammad, MH, Mohan, P, Mulyanto, ID, Nariman, D, Nayak, UN, Niaz, K, Nikolov, G, Obaldo, JM, Ozturk, E, Park, JM, Park, S, Patel, CD, Phuong, HK, Quinon, AP, Rajini, TR, Saengsuda, Y, Santiago, J, Sayman, HB, Shinto, AS, Sivasubramaniyan, V, Son, MH, Sudhakar, P, Syed, GMS, Tamaki, N, Thamnirat, K, Thientunyakit, T, Thongmak, S, Velasco, DN, Verma, A, Vutrapongwatana, U, Wang, Y, Won, KS, Yao, Z, Yingsa-nga, T, Yudistiro, R, Yue, KT, Zafrir, N, Adrian, SC, Agostini, D, Aguade, S, Armitage, G, Backlund, M, Backman, M, Baker, M, Balducci, MT, Bavelaar, C, Berovic, M, Bertagna, F, Beuchel, R, Biggi, A, Bisi, G, Bonini, R, Bradley, A, Brudin, L, Bruno, I, Busnardo, E, Casoni, R, Choudhri, A, Cittanti, C, Clauss, R, Costa, DC, Costa, M, Dixon, K, Dziuk, M, Egelic, N, Eriksson, I, Fagioli, G, de Faria, DB, Florimonte, L, Francini, A, French, M, Gallagher, E, Garai, I, Geatti, O, Genovesi, D, Gianolli, L, Gimelli, A, del Giudice, E, Halliwell, S, Hansson, MJ, Harrison, C, Homans, F, Horton, F, Jedrzejuk, D, Jogi, J, Johansen, A, Johansson, H, Kalnina, M, Kaminek, M, Kiss, A, Kobylecka, M, Kostkiewicz, M, Kropp, J, Kullenberg, R, Lahoutte, T, Lang, O, Larsson, YH, Lazar, M, Leccisotti, L, Leners, N, Lipp, RW, Maenhout, A, Maffioli, L, Marcassa, C, Martins, B, Marzullo, P, Medolago, G, Mendiguchia, CG, Mirzaei, S, Mori, M, Nardi, B, Nazarenko, S, Nikoletic, K, Oleksa, R, Parviainen, T, Patrina, J, Peace, R, Pirich, C, Piwowarska-Bilska, H, Popa, S, Prakash, V, Pubul, V, Puklavec, L, Rac, S, Ratniece, M, Rogan, SA, Romeo, A, Rossi, M, Ruiz, D, Sabharwal, N, Salobir, BG, Santos, AI, Saranovic, S, Sarkozi, A, Schneider, RP, Sciagra, R, Scotti, S, Servini, Z, Setti, LR, Starck, S-A, Vajauskas, D, Vesely, J, Vieni, A, Vignati, A, Vito, IM, Weiss, K, Wild, D, Zdraveska-Kochovska, M, Aguro, RN, Alvarado, N, Barral, CM, Beretta, M, Berrocal, I, Cuellar, JFB, Chang, TMC, Rodriguez, LOC, Canessa, J, Mora, GC, Claudia, AC, Clavelo, GF, Junior, AFC, Faccio, FF, Fernandez, KM, Garibo, JRG, Gonzalez, U, Gonzalez, PE, Guzzo, MA, Jofre, J, Kapitan, M, Kempfer, G, Lopez, JL, Massardo, TV, Colaco, IM, Mesquita, CT, Montecinos, M, Neubauer, S, Pabon, LM, Puente, A, Vazquez, LMR, Macias, JAS, Pino, AGS, Huber, FZT, Tovar, AP, Vargas, L, Wiefels, C, Aljizeeri, A, Alvarez, RJ, Barger, D, Beardwood, W, Behrens, J, Brann, L, Brown, D, Carr, H, Churchwell, K, Comingore, GA, Corbett, J, Costello, M, Cruz, F, Depinet, T, Dorbala, S, Earles, M, Esteves, FP, Etherton, E, Fanning, RJ, Fornace, J, Franks, L, Gewirtz, H, Gulanchyn, K, Hannah, C-L, Hays, J, Hendrickson, J, Hester, J, Holmes, K, Johnson, A, Jopek, C, Lewin, H, Lyons, J, Manley, C, Meden, J, Moore, S, Moore, WH, Murthy, V, Nace, R, Neely, D, Nelson, L, Niedermaier, O, Rice, D, Rigs, R, Schiffer, K, Schockling, E, Schultz, T, Schumacker, T, Sheesley, B, Sheikh, A, Siegel, B, Slim, AM, Smith, J, Szulc, M, Tanskersley, N, Tilkemeier, P, Valdez, GD, Vrooman, R, Wawrowicz, D, Winchester, DE, Alcheikh, A, Allen, B, Atkins, E, Bevan, J, Bonomini, C, Christiansen, J, Clack, L, Craig, E, Dixson, H, Duncan, I, Fredericks, S, Gales, S, Hampson, R, Hanley, T, Hartcher, K, Hassall, J, Kelley, B, Kelly, S, Kidd, T, de Kort, T, Larcos, G, Macdonald, W, McGrath, C, Murdoch, E, O'Malley, S, O'Rourke, M, Pack, M, Pearce, R, Praehofer, R, Ramsay, S, Scarlett, L, Smidt, K, Souvannavong, F, Taubman, K, Taylor, G, Tse, K, Unger, S, Weale, J, Lindner, O, Pascual, TNB, Mercuri, M, Acampa, W, Burchert, W, Flotats, A, Kaufmann, PA, Kitsiou, A, Knuuti, J, Underwood, SR, Vitola, JV, Mahmarian, JJ, Karthikeyan, G, Better, N, Rehani, MM, Kashyap, R, Dondi, M, Paez, D, Einstein, AJ, Bouyoucef, SE, Lele, V, Magboo, VPC, Mut, F, Meeks, JB, Alexanderson, E, Allam, A, Al-Mallah, MH, Bom, H, Jerome, S, Luxenburg, O, Mahmarian, J, Shaw, LJ, Vitola, J, Amouri, W, Essabbah, H, Gassama, SS, Makhdomi, KB, El Mustapha, GIE, El Ouchdi, N, Qais, N, Soni, N, Vangu, W, Abazid, RM, Adams, B, Agarwal, V, Alfeeli, MA, Alnafisi, N, Bernabe, L, Bural, GG, Chaiwatanarat, T, Chandraguptha, JM, Cheon, GJ, Cho, I, Dogan, AS, Eftekhari, M, Frenkel, A, Garty, I, George, S, Geramifar, P, Golan, H, Habib, S, Hussain, R, Im, H, Jeon, H-J, Kalawat, T, Kang, WJ, Keng, F, Klaipetch, A, Kumar, PG, Lee, J, Lee, WW, Lim, I, Macaisa, CMM, Malhotra, G, Mittal, BR, Mohammad, MH, Mohan, P, Mulyanto, ID, Nariman, D, Nayak, UN, Niaz, K, Nikolov, G, Obaldo, JM, Ozturk, E, Park, JM, Park, S, Patel, CD, Phuong, HK, Quinon, AP, Rajini, TR, Saengsuda, Y, Santiago, J, Sayman, HB, Shinto, AS, Sivasubramaniyan, V, Son, MH, Sudhakar, P, Syed, GMS, Tamaki, N, Thamnirat, K, Thientunyakit, T, Thongmak, S, Velasco, DN, Verma, A, Vutrapongwatana, U, Wang, Y, Won, KS, Yao, Z, Yingsa-nga, T, Yudistiro, R, Yue, KT, Zafrir, N, Adrian, SC, Agostini, D, Aguade, S, Armitage, G, Backlund, M, Backman, M, Baker, M, Balducci, MT, Bavelaar, C, Berovic, M, Bertagna, F, Beuchel, R, Biggi, A, Bisi, G, Bonini, R, Bradley, A, Brudin, L, Bruno, I, Busnardo, E, Casoni, R, Choudhri, A, Cittanti, C, Clauss, R, Costa, DC, Costa, M, Dixon, K, Dziuk, M, Egelic, N, Eriksson, I, Fagioli, G, de Faria, DB, Florimonte, L, Francini, A, French, M, Gallagher, E, Garai, I, Geatti, O, Genovesi, D, Gianolli, L, Gimelli, A, del Giudice, E, Halliwell, S, Hansson, MJ, Harrison, C, Homans, F, Horton, F, Jedrzejuk, D, Jogi, J, Johansen, A, Johansson, H, Kalnina, M, Kaminek, M, Kiss, A, Kobylecka, M, Kostkiewicz, M, Kropp, J, Kullenberg, R, Lahoutte, T, Lang, O, Larsson, YH, Lazar, M, Leccisotti, L, Leners, N, Lipp, RW, Maenhout, A, Maffioli, L, Marcassa, C, Martins, B, Marzullo, P, Medolago, G, Mendiguchia, CG, Mirzaei, S, Mori, M, Nardi, B, Nazarenko, S, Nikoletic, K, Oleksa, R, Parviainen, T, Patrina, J, Peace, R, Pirich, C, Piwowarska-Bilska, H, Popa, S, Prakash, V, Pubul, V, Puklavec, L, Rac, S, Ratniece, M, Rogan, SA, Romeo, A, Rossi, M, Ruiz, D, Sabharwal, N, Salobir, BG, Santos, AI, Saranovic, S, Sarkozi, A, Schneider, RP, Sciagra, R, Scotti, S, Servini, Z, Setti, LR, Starck, S-A, Vajauskas, D, Vesely, J, Vieni, A, Vignati, A, Vito, IM, Weiss, K, Wild, D, Zdraveska-Kochovska, M, Aguro, RN, Alvarado, N, Barral, CM, Beretta, M, Berrocal, I, Cuellar, JFB, Chang, TMC, Rodriguez, LOC, Canessa, J, Mora, GC, Claudia, AC, Clavelo, GF, Junior, AFC, Faccio, FF, Fernandez, KM, Garibo, JRG, Gonzalez, U, Gonzalez, PE, Guzzo, MA, Jofre, J, Kapitan, M, Kempfer, G, Lopez, JL, Massardo, TV, Colaco, IM, Mesquita, CT, Montecinos, M, Neubauer, S, Pabon, LM, Puente, A, Vazquez, LMR, Macias, JAS, Pino, AGS, Huber, FZT, Tovar, AP, Vargas, L, Wiefels, C, Aljizeeri, A, Alvarez, RJ, Barger, D, Beardwood, W, Behrens, J, Brann, L, Brown, D, Carr, H, Churchwell, K, Comingore, GA, Corbett, J, Costello, M, Cruz, F, Depinet, T, Dorbala, S, Earles, M, Esteves, FP, Etherton, E, Fanning, RJ, Fornace, J, Franks, L, Gewirtz, H, Gulanchyn, K, Hannah, C-L, Hays, J, Hendrickson, J, Hester, J, Holmes, K, Johnson, A, Jopek, C, Lewin, H, Lyons, J, Manley, C, Meden, J, Moore, S, Moore, WH, Murthy, V, Nace, R, Neely, D, Nelson, L, Niedermaier, O, Rice, D, Rigs, R, Schiffer, K, Schockling, E, Schultz, T, Schumacker, T, Sheesley, B, Sheikh, A, Siegel, B, Slim, AM, Smith, J, Szulc, M, Tanskersley, N, Tilkemeier, P, Valdez, GD, Vrooman, R, Wawrowicz, D, Winchester, DE, Alcheikh, A, Allen, B, Atkins, E, Bevan, J, Bonomini, C, Christiansen, J, Clack, L, Craig, E, Dixson, H, Duncan, I, Fredericks, S, Gales, S, Hampson, R, Hanley, T, Hartcher, K, Hassall, J, Kelley, B, Kelly, S, Kidd, T, de Kort, T, Larcos, G, Macdonald, W, McGrath, C, Murdoch, E, O'Malley, S, O'Rourke, M, Pack, M, Pearce, R, Praehofer, R, Ramsay, S, Scarlett, L, Smidt, K, Souvannavong, F, Taubman, K, Taylor, G, Tse, K, Unger, S, and Weale, J
Abstract: PURPOSE: Nuclear cardiology is widely used to diagnose coronary artery disease and to guide patient management, but data on current practices, radiation dose-related best practices, and radiation doses are scarce. To address these issues, the IAEA conducted a worldwide study of nuclear cardiology practice. We present the European subanalysis. METHODS: In March 2013, the IAEA invited laboratories across the world to document all SPECT and PET studies performed in one week. The data included age, gender, weight, radiopharmaceuticals, injected activities, camera type, positioning, hardware and software. Radiation effective dose was calculated for each patient. A quality score was defined for each laboratory as the number followed of eight predefined best practices with a bearing on radiation exposure (range of quality score 0 - 8). The participating European countries were assigned to regions (North, East, South, and West). Comparisons were performed between the four European regions and between Europe and the rest-of-the-world (RoW). RESULTS: Data on 2,381 European patients undergoing nuclear cardiology procedures in 102 laboratories in 27 countries were collected. A cardiac SPECT study was performed in 97.9 % of the patients, and a PET study in 2.1 %. The average effective dose of SPECT was 8.0 ± 3.4 mSv (RoW 11.4 ± 4.3 mSv; P < 0.001) and of PET was 2.6 ± 1.5 mSv (RoW 3.8 ± 2.5 mSv; P < 0.001). The mean effective doses of SPECT and PET differed between European regions (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). The mean quality score was 6.2 ± 1.2, which was higher than the RoW score (5.0 ± 1.1; P < 0.001). Adherence to best practices did not differ significantly among the European regions (range 6 to 6.4; P = 0.73). Of the best practices, stress-only imaging and weight-adjusted dosing were the least commonly used. CONCLUSION: In Europe, the mean effective dose from nuclear cardiology is lower and the average quality score is higher than in the RoW. There is regional
Published: 2016

32. Erratum: Global phylogeography and evolutionary history of Shigella dysenteriae type 1

Author: Njamkepo, Elisabeth, Fawal, Nizar, Tran-Dien, Alicia, Hawkey, Jane, Strockbine, Nancy, Jenkins, Claire, Talukder, Kaisar A, Bercion, Raymond, Kuleshov, Konstantin, Kolínská, Renáta, Russell, Julie E, Kaftyreva, Lidia, Accou-Demartin, Marie, Karas, Andreas, Vandenberg, Olivier, Mather, Alison AE, Mason, Carl J, Page, Andrew J, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, Bizet, Chantal, Gamian, Andrzej, Carles, Isabelle, Sow, Amy Gassama, Bouchier, Christiane, Wester, Astrid Louise, Lejay-Collin, Monique, Fonkoua, Marie-Christine, Hello, Simon Le, Blaser, Martin J, Jernberg, Cecilia, Ruckly, Corinne, Mérens, Audrey, Page, Anne-Laure, Aslett, Martin, Roggentin, Peter, Fruth, Angelika, Denamur, Erick, Venkatesan, Malabi, Bercovier, Hervé, Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Chiou, Chien-Shun, Clermont, Dominique, Colonna, Bianca, Egorova, Svetlana, Pazhani, Gururaja GP, Ezernitchi, Analia V, Guigon, Ghislaine, Harris, Simon R, Izumiya, Hidemasa, Korzeniowska-Kowal, Agnieszka, Lutyńska, Anna, Gouali, Malika, Grimont, Francine, Langendorf, Céline, Marejková, Monika, Peterson, Lorea A M LA, Perez-Perez, Guillermo, Ngandjio, Antoinette, Podkolzin, Alexander, Souche, Erika, Makarova, Mariia, Shipulin, German A, Ye, Changyun, Zemlickova, Helena, Herpay, Mária, Grimont, Patrick A D PA, Parkhill, Julian, Sansonetti, Philippe, Holt, Kathryn KE, Brisse, Sylvain, Thomson, Nicholas R, Weill, François-Xavier, Njamkepo, Elisabeth, Fawal, Nizar, Tran-Dien, Alicia, Hawkey, Jane, Strockbine, Nancy, Jenkins, Claire, Talukder, Kaisar A, Bercion, Raymond, Kuleshov, Konstantin, Kolínská, Renáta, Russell, Julie E, Kaftyreva, Lidia, Accou-Demartin, Marie, Karas, Andreas, Vandenberg, Olivier, Mather, Alison AE, Mason, Carl J, Page, Andrew J, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, Bizet, Chantal, Gamian, Andrzej, Carles, Isabelle, Sow, Amy Gassama, Bouchier, Christiane, Wester, Astrid Louise, Lejay-Collin, Monique, Fonkoua, Marie-Christine, Hello, Simon Le, Blaser, Martin J, Jernberg, Cecilia, Ruckly, Corinne, Mérens, Audrey, Page, Anne-Laure, Aslett, Martin, Roggentin, Peter, Fruth, Angelika, Denamur, Erick, Venkatesan, Malabi, Bercovier, Hervé, Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Chiou, Chien-Shun, Clermont, Dominique, Colonna, Bianca, Egorova, Svetlana, Pazhani, Gururaja GP, Ezernitchi, Analia V, Guigon, Ghislaine, Harris, Simon R, Izumiya, Hidemasa, Korzeniowska-Kowal, Agnieszka, Lutyńska, Anna, Gouali, Malika, Grimont, Francine, Langendorf, Céline, Marejková, Monika, Peterson, Lorea A M LA, Perez-Perez, Guillermo, Ngandjio, Antoinette, Podkolzin, Alexander, Souche, Erika, Makarova, Mariia, Shipulin, German A, Ye, Changyun, Zemlickova, Helena, Herpay, Mária, Grimont, Patrick A D PA, Parkhill, Julian, Sansonetti, Philippe, Holt, Kathryn KE, Brisse, Sylvain, Thomson, Nicholas R, and Weill, François-Xavier
Abstract: info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2016

33. Global phylogeography and evolutionary history of Shigella dysenteriae type 1

Author: Njamkepo, Elisabeth, Fawal, Nizar, Tran-Dien, Alicia, Hawkey, Jane, Strockbine, Nancy, Jenkins, Claire, Talukder, Kaisar A, Bercion, Raymond, Kuleshov, Konstantin, Kolínská, Renáta, Russell, Julie E, Kaftyreva, Lidia, Accou-Demartin, Marie, Karas, Andreas, Vandenberg, Olivier, Mather, Alison AE, Mason, Carl J, Page, Andrew J, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, Bizet, Chantal, Gamian, Andrzej, Carles, Isabelle, Sow, Amy Gassama, Bouchier, Christiane, Wester, Astrid Louise, Lejay-Collin, Monique, Fonkoua, Marie-Christine, Hello, Simon Le, Blaser, Martin J, Jernberg, Cecilia, Ruckly, Corinne, Mérens, Audrey, Page, Anne-Laure, Aslett, Martin, Roggentin, Peter, Fruth, Angelika, Denamur, Erick, Venkatesan, Malabi, Bercovier, Hervé, Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Chiou, Chien-Shun, Clermont, Dominique, Colonna, Bianca, Egorova, Svetlana, Pazhani, Gururaja GP, Ezernitchi, Analia V, Guigon, Ghislaine, Harris, Simon R, Izumiya, Hidemasa, Korzeniowska-Kowal, Agnieszka, Lutyńska, Anna, Gouali, Malika, Grimont, Francine, Langendorf, Céline, Marejková, Monika, Peterson, Lorea A M LA, Perez-Perez, Guillermo, Ngandjio, Antoinette, Podkolzin, Alexander, Souche, Erika, Makarova, Mariia, Shipulin, German A, Ye, Changyun, Zemlickova, Helena, Herpay, Mária, Grimont, Patrick A D PA, Parkhill, Julian, Sansonetti, Philippe, Holt, Kathryn KE, Brisse, Sylvain, Thomson, Nicholas R, Weill, François-Xavier, Njamkepo, Elisabeth, Fawal, Nizar, Tran-Dien, Alicia, Hawkey, Jane, Strockbine, Nancy, Jenkins, Claire, Talukder, Kaisar A, Bercion, Raymond, Kuleshov, Konstantin, Kolínská, Renáta, Russell, Julie E, Kaftyreva, Lidia, Accou-Demartin, Marie, Karas, Andreas, Vandenberg, Olivier, Mather, Alison AE, Mason, Carl J, Page, Andrew J, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, Bizet, Chantal, Gamian, Andrzej, Carles, Isabelle, Sow, Amy Gassama, Bouchier, Christiane, Wester, Astrid Louise, Lejay-Collin, Monique, Fonkoua, Marie-Christine, Hello, Simon Le, Blaser, Martin J, Jernberg, Cecilia, Ruckly, Corinne, Mérens, Audrey, Page, Anne-Laure, Aslett, Martin, Roggentin, Peter, Fruth, Angelika, Denamur, Erick, Venkatesan, Malabi, Bercovier, Hervé, Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Chiou, Chien-Shun, Clermont, Dominique, Colonna, Bianca, Egorova, Svetlana, Pazhani, Gururaja GP, Ezernitchi, Analia V, Guigon, Ghislaine, Harris, Simon R, Izumiya, Hidemasa, Korzeniowska-Kowal, Agnieszka, Lutyńska, Anna, Gouali, Malika, Grimont, Francine, Langendorf, Céline, Marejková, Monika, Peterson, Lorea A M LA, Perez-Perez, Guillermo, Ngandjio, Antoinette, Podkolzin, Alexander, Souche, Erika, Makarova, Mariia, Shipulin, German A, Ye, Changyun, Zemlickova, Helena, Herpay, Mária, Grimont, Patrick A D PA, Parkhill, Julian, Sansonetti, Philippe, Holt, Kathryn KE, Brisse, Sylvain, Thomson, Nicholas R, and Weill, François-Xavier
Abstract: Together with plague, smallpox and typhus, epidemics of dysentery have been a major scourge of human populations for centuries(1). A previous genomic study concluded that Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1), the epidemic dysentery bacillus, emerged and spread worldwide after the First World War, with no clear pattern of transmission(2). This is not consistent with the massive cyclic dysentery epidemics reported in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries(1,3,4) and the first isolation of Sd1 in Japan in 1897(5). Here, we report a whole-genome analysis of 331 Sd1 isolates from around the world, collected between 1915 and 2011, providing us with unprecedented insight into the historical spread of this pathogen. We show here that Sd1 has existed since at least the eighteenth century and that it swept the globe at the end of the nineteenth century, diversifying into distinct lineages associated with the First World War, Second World War and various conflicts or natural disasters across Africa, Asia and Central America. We also provide a unique historical perspective on the evolution of antibiotic resistance over a 100-year period, beginning decades before the antibiotic era, and identify a prevalent multiple antibiotic-resistant lineage in South Asia that was transmitted in several waves to Africa, where it caused severe outbreaks of disease., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2016

34. Current worldwide nuclear cardiology practices and radiation exposure: results from the 65 country IAEA Nuclear Cardiology Protocols Cross-Sectional Study (INCAPS)

Author: Einstein, AJ, Pascual, TNB, Mercuri, M, Karthikeyan, G, Vitola, JV, Mahmarian, JJ, Better, N, Bouyoucef, SE, Bom, HH-S, Lele, V, Magboo, VPC, Alexanderson, E, Allam, AH, Al-Mallah, MH, Flotats, A, Jerome, S, Kaufmann, PA, Luxenburg, O, Shaw, LJ, Underwood, SR, Rehani, MM, Kashyap, R, Paez, D, Dondi, M, Allam, A, Bom, H, Mahmarian, J, Vitola, J, Amouri, W, Essabbah, H, Gassama, SS, Makhdomi, KB, El Mustapha, GIE, El Ouchdi, N, Qais, N, Soni, N, Vangu, W, Abazid, RM, Adams, B, Agarwal, V, Alfeeli, MA, Alnafisi, N, Bernabe, L, Bural, GG, Chaiwatanarat, T, Chandraguptha, JM, Cheon, GJ, Cho, I, Dogan, AS, Eftekhari, M, Frenkel, A, Garty, I, George, S, Geramifar, P, Golan, H, Habib, S, Hussain, R, Im, H, Jeon, H-J, Kalawat, T, Kang, WJ, Keng, F, Klaipetch, A, Kumar, PG, Lee, J, Lee, WW, Lim, I, Macaisa, CMM, Malhotra, G, Mittal, BR, Mohammad, MH, Mohan, P, Mulyanto, ID, Nariman, D, Nayak, UN, Niaz, K, Nikolov, G, Obaldo, JM, Ozturk, E, Park, JM, Park, S, Patel, CD, Phuong, HK, Quinon, AP, Rajini, TR, Saengsuda, Y, Santiago, J, Sayman, HB, Shinto, AS, Sivasubramaniyan, V, Son, MH, Sudhakar, P, Syed, GMS, Tamaki, N, Thamnirat, K, Thientunyakit, T, Thongmak, S, Velasco, DN, Verma, A, Vutrapongwatana, U, Wang, Y, Won, KS, Yao, Z, Yingsa-nga, T, Yudistiro, R, Yue, KT, Zafrir, N, Adrian, SC, Agostini, D, Aguade, S, Armitage, G, Backlund, M, Backman, M, Baker, M, Balducci, MT, Bavelaar, C, Berovic, M, Bertagna, F, Beuchel, R, Biggi, A, Bisi, G, Bonini, R, Bradley, A, Brudin, L, Bruno, I, Busnardo, E, Casoni, R, Choudhri, A, Cittanti, C, Clauss, R, Costa, DC, Costa, M, Dixon, K, Dziuk, M, Egelic, N, Eriksson, I, Fagioli, G, de Faria, DB, Florimonte, L, Francini, A, French, M, Gallagher, E, Garai, I, Geatti, O, Genovesi, D, Gianolli, L, Gimelli, A, del Giudice, E, Halliwell, S, Hansson, MJ, Harrison, C, Homans, F, Horton, F, Jedrzejuk, D, Jogi, J, Johansen, A, Johansson, H, Kalnina, M, Kaminek, M, Kiss, A, Kobylecka, M, Kostkiewicz, M, Kropp, J, Kullenberg, R, Lahoutte, T, Lang, O, Larsson, YH, Lazar, M, Leccisotti, L, Leners, N, Lindner, O, Lipp, RW, Maenhout, A, Maffioli, L, Marcassa, C, Martins, B, Marzullo, P, Medolago, G, Meeks, JB, Mendiguchia, CG, Mirzaei, S, Mori, M, Nardi, B, Nazarenko, S, Nikoletic, K, Oleksa, R, Parviainen, T, Patrina, J, Peace, R, Pirich, C, Piwowarska-Bilska, H, Popa, S, Prakash, V, Pubul, V, Puklavec, L, Rac, S, Ratniece, M, Rogan, SA, Romeo, A, Rossi, M, Ruiz, D, Sabharwal, N, Salobir, BG, Santos, AI, Saranovic, S, Sarkozi, A, Schneider, RP, Sciagra, R, Scotti, S, Servini, Z, Setti, LR, Starck, S-A, Vajauskas, D, Vesely, J, Vieni, A, Vignati, A, Vito, IM, Weiss, K, Wild, D, Zdraveska-Kochovska, M, Aguro, RN, Alvarado, N, Barral, CM, Beretta, M, Berrocal, I, Cuellar, JFB, Chang, T-MC, Rodriguez, LOC, Canessa, J, Mora, GC, Claudia, AC, Clavelo, GF, Cruz, AF, Faccio, FF, Fernandez, KM, Garibo, JRG, Gonzalez, U, Gonzalez E., P, Guzzo, MA, Jofre, J, Kapitan, M, Kempfer, G, Lopez, JL, Massardo V., T, Colaco, IM, Mesquita, CT, Montecinos, M, Neubauer, S, Pabon, LM, Puente, A, Vazquez, LMR, Macias, JAS, Pino, AGS, Huber, FZT, Tovar, AP, Vargas, L, Wiefels, C, Aljizeeri, A, Alvarez, RJ, Barger, D, Beardwood, W, Behrens, J, Brann, L, Brown, D, Carr, H, Churchwell, K, Comingore, GA, Corbett, J, Costello, M, Cruz, F, Depinet, T, Dorbala, S, Earles, M, Esteves, FP, Etherton, E, Fanning, RJ, Fornace, J, Franks, L, Gewirtz, H, Gulanchyn, K, Hannah, C-L, Hays, J, Hendrickson, J, Hester, J, Holmes, K, Johnson, A, Jopek, C, Lewin, H, Lyons, J, Manley, C, Meden, J, Moore, S, Moore, WH, Murthy, V, Nace, R, Neely, D, Nelson, L, Niedermaier, O, Rice, D, Rigs, R, Schiffer, K, Schockling, E, Schultz, T, Schumacker, T, Sheesley, B, Sheikh, A, Siegel, B, Slim, AM, Smith, J, Szulc, M, Tanskersley, N, Tilkemeier, P, Valdez, GD, Vrooman, R, Wawrowicz, D, Winchester, DE, Alcheikh, A, Allen, B, Atkins, E, Bevan, J, Bonomini, C, Christiansen, J, Clack, L, Craig, E, Dixson, H, Duncan, I, Fredericks, S, Gales, S, Hampson, R, Hanley, T, Hartcher, K, Hassall, J, Kelley, B, Kelly, S, Kidd, T, de Kort, T, Larcos, G, Macdonald, W, McGrath, C, Murdoch, E, O'Malley, S, O'Rourke, M, Pack, M, Pearce, R, Praehofer, R, Ramsay, S, Scarlett, L, Smidt, K, Souvannavong, F, Taubman, K, Taylor, G, Tse, K, Unger, S, Weale, J, Einstein, AJ, Pascual, TNB, Mercuri, M, Karthikeyan, G, Vitola, JV, Mahmarian, JJ, Better, N, Bouyoucef, SE, Bom, HH-S, Lele, V, Magboo, VPC, Alexanderson, E, Allam, AH, Al-Mallah, MH, Flotats, A, Jerome, S, Kaufmann, PA, Luxenburg, O, Shaw, LJ, Underwood, SR, Rehani, MM, Kashyap, R, Paez, D, Dondi, M, Allam, A, Bom, H, Mahmarian, J, Vitola, J, Amouri, W, Essabbah, H, Gassama, SS, Makhdomi, KB, El Mustapha, GIE, El Ouchdi, N, Qais, N, Soni, N, Vangu, W, Abazid, RM, Adams, B, Agarwal, V, Alfeeli, MA, Alnafisi, N, Bernabe, L, Bural, GG, Chaiwatanarat, T, Chandraguptha, JM, Cheon, GJ, Cho, I, Dogan, AS, Eftekhari, M, Frenkel, A, Garty, I, George, S, Geramifar, P, Golan, H, Habib, S, Hussain, R, Im, H, Jeon, H-J, Kalawat, T, Kang, WJ, Keng, F, Klaipetch, A, Kumar, PG, Lee, J, Lee, WW, Lim, I, Macaisa, CMM, Malhotra, G, Mittal, BR, Mohammad, MH, Mohan, P, Mulyanto, ID, Nariman, D, Nayak, UN, Niaz, K, Nikolov, G, Obaldo, JM, Ozturk, E, Park, JM, Park, S, Patel, CD, Phuong, HK, Quinon, AP, Rajini, TR, Saengsuda, Y, Santiago, J, Sayman, HB, Shinto, AS, Sivasubramaniyan, V, Son, MH, Sudhakar, P, Syed, GMS, Tamaki, N, Thamnirat, K, Thientunyakit, T, Thongmak, S, Velasco, DN, Verma, A, Vutrapongwatana, U, Wang, Y, Won, KS, Yao, Z, Yingsa-nga, T, Yudistiro, R, Yue, KT, Zafrir, N, Adrian, SC, Agostini, D, Aguade, S, Armitage, G, Backlund, M, Backman, M, Baker, M, Balducci, MT, Bavelaar, C, Berovic, M, Bertagna, F, Beuchel, R, Biggi, A, Bisi, G, Bonini, R, Bradley, A, Brudin, L, Bruno, I, Busnardo, E, Casoni, R, Choudhri, A, Cittanti, C, Clauss, R, Costa, DC, Costa, M, Dixon, K, Dziuk, M, Egelic, N, Eriksson, I, Fagioli, G, de Faria, DB, Florimonte, L, Francini, A, French, M, Gallagher, E, Garai, I, Geatti, O, Genovesi, D, Gianolli, L, Gimelli, A, del Giudice, E, Halliwell, S, Hansson, MJ, Harrison, C, Homans, F, Horton, F, Jedrzejuk, D, Jogi, J, Johansen, A, Johansson, H, Kalnina, M, Kaminek, M, Kiss, A, Kobylecka, M, Kostkiewicz, M, Kropp, J, Kullenberg, R, Lahoutte, T, Lang, O, Larsson, YH, Lazar, M, Leccisotti, L, Leners, N, Lindner, O, Lipp, RW, Maenhout, A, Maffioli, L, Marcassa, C, Martins, B, Marzullo, P, Medolago, G, Meeks, JB, Mendiguchia, CG, Mirzaei, S, Mori, M, Nardi, B, Nazarenko, S, Nikoletic, K, Oleksa, R, Parviainen, T, Patrina, J, Peace, R, Pirich, C, Piwowarska-Bilska, H, Popa, S, Prakash, V, Pubul, V, Puklavec, L, Rac, S, Ratniece, M, Rogan, SA, Romeo, A, Rossi, M, Ruiz, D, Sabharwal, N, Salobir, BG, Santos, AI, Saranovic, S, Sarkozi, A, Schneider, RP, Sciagra, R, Scotti, S, Servini, Z, Setti, LR, Starck, S-A, Vajauskas, D, Vesely, J, Vieni, A, Vignati, A, Vito, IM, Weiss, K, Wild, D, Zdraveska-Kochovska, M, Aguro, RN, Alvarado, N, Barral, CM, Beretta, M, Berrocal, I, Cuellar, JFB, Chang, T-MC, Rodriguez, LOC, Canessa, J, Mora, GC, Claudia, AC, Clavelo, GF, Cruz, AF, Faccio, FF, Fernandez, KM, Garibo, JRG, Gonzalez, U, Gonzalez E., P, Guzzo, MA, Jofre, J, Kapitan, M, Kempfer, G, Lopez, JL, Massardo V., T, Colaco, IM, Mesquita, CT, Montecinos, M, Neubauer, S, Pabon, LM, Puente, A, Vazquez, LMR, Macias, JAS, Pino, AGS, Huber, FZT, Tovar, AP, Vargas, L, Wiefels, C, Aljizeeri, A, Alvarez, RJ, Barger, D, Beardwood, W, Behrens, J, Brann, L, Brown, D, Carr, H, Churchwell, K, Comingore, GA, Corbett, J, Costello, M, Cruz, F, Depinet, T, Dorbala, S, Earles, M, Esteves, FP, Etherton, E, Fanning, RJ, Fornace, J, Franks, L, Gewirtz, H, Gulanchyn, K, Hannah, C-L, Hays, J, Hendrickson, J, Hester, J, Holmes, K, Johnson, A, Jopek, C, Lewin, H, Lyons, J, Manley, C, Meden, J, Moore, S, Moore, WH, Murthy, V, Nace, R, Neely, D, Nelson, L, Niedermaier, O, Rice, D, Rigs, R, Schiffer, K, Schockling, E, Schultz, T, Schumacker, T, Sheesley, B, Sheikh, A, Siegel, B, Slim, AM, Smith, J, Szulc, M, Tanskersley, N, Tilkemeier, P, Valdez, GD, Vrooman, R, Wawrowicz, D, Winchester, DE, Alcheikh, A, Allen, B, Atkins, E, Bevan, J, Bonomini, C, Christiansen, J, Clack, L, Craig, E, Dixson, H, Duncan, I, Fredericks, S, Gales, S, Hampson, R, Hanley, T, Hartcher, K, Hassall, J, Kelley, B, Kelly, S, Kidd, T, de Kort, T, Larcos, G, Macdonald, W, McGrath, C, Murdoch, E, O'Malley, S, O'Rourke, M, Pack, M, Pearce, R, Praehofer, R, Ramsay, S, Scarlett, L, Smidt, K, Souvannavong, F, Taubman, K, Taylor, G, Tse, K, Unger, S, and Weale, J
Abstract: AIMS: To characterize patient radiation doses from nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and the use of radiation-optimizing 'best practices' worldwide, and to evaluate the relationship between laboratory use of best practices and patient radiation dose. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study of protocols used for all 7911 MPI studies performed in 308 nuclear cardiology laboratories in 65 countries for a single week in March-April 2013. Eight 'best practices' relating to radiation exposure were identified a priori by an expert committee, and a radiation-related quality index (QI) devised indicating the number of best practices used by a laboratory. Patient radiation effective dose (ED) ranged between 0.8 and 35.6 mSv (median 10.0 mSv). Average laboratory ED ranged from 2.2 to 24.4 mSv (median 10.4 mSv); only 91 (30%) laboratories achieved the median ED ≤ 9 mSv recommended by guidelines. Laboratory QIs ranged from 2 to 8 (median 5). Both ED and QI differed significantly between laboratories, countries, and world regions. The lowest median ED (8.0 mSv), in Europe, coincided with high best-practice adherence (mean laboratory QI 6.2). The highest doses (median 12.1 mSv) and low QI (4.9) occurred in Latin America. In hierarchical regression modelling, patients undergoing MPI at laboratories following more 'best practices' had lower EDs. CONCLUSION: Marked worldwide variation exists in radiation safety practices pertaining to MPI, with targeted EDs currently achieved in a minority of laboratories. The significant relationship between best-practice implementation and lower doses indicates numerous opportunities to reduce radiation exposure from MPI globally.
Published: 2015

35. Influence of municipal wastewater on rice seed germination, seedling performance, nutrient uptake, and chlorophyll content

Author: Gassama, Umaru Mohamed, Puteh, Adam, Abd Halim, Mohd Ridzwan, Kargbo, Bashiru, Gassama, Umaru Mohamed, Puteh, Adam, Abd Halim, Mohd Ridzwan, and Kargbo, Bashiru
Abstract: The sand medium experiment was conducted in the laboratory with the aim of evaluating the suitability of municipal wastewater (treated and untreated) at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100%) for irrigation purposes on seed germination, seedling performance, nutrient uptake, and chlorophyll content of rice (MR220). The utilization of municipal wastewater for irrigation purposes has developed an important way to exploit the nutrients it contains. The study indicated a significant (P < 0.05) difference between untreated and treated municipal wastewater for seedling length (SL), root volume (RV), root surface area (RSA), seedling vigor index (SVI), and root: shoot ratio (R : S) while no significant different was observed between untreated and treated municipal wastewater for germination percentage (GP) and percentage phytotoxicity (PPT). The municipal wastewaters had stimulatory effect on the rice seeds at lower wastewater concentrations (< 25%) while inhibitory effect was observed at higher wastewater concentrations (> 50%). N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn were high in the untreated municipal wastewater compare to treated municipal wastewater. Seedlings irrigated with untreated municipal wastewater have high seed germination, seedling performance with high nutrient uptake compare to treated municipal wastewater. The municipal wastewaters showed inhibitory effect on chlorophyll content. The inhibition effect was observed at > 50% concentration of both untreated and treated municipal wastewater while promoting effects were observed at lower (< 25%) concentration. The rice MR220 variety showed better growth resistance, tolerance, and adaptability to wastewater. This can be due to its excellent genetic makeup and capacity to sustain the toxicity. Conclusively, municipal wastewater could be recommended as a good source of water and nutrient for seed germination and seedling performance.
Published: 2015

36. Effects of different concentrations of municipal wastewater on seed germination and seedling performance of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Author: Gassama, Umaru Mohamed and Gassama, Umaru Mohamed
Abstract: Agriculture is the largest user of fresh water for irrigation. As the demand of fresh water is increasing, there is a need to recycle municipal wastewater for agricultural activities. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100%) of untreated and treated municipal wastewater on seed germination and seedling performance of fresh and aged rice seeds, seedling nutrient uptake and seedling chlorophyll content. Laboratory experiments were conducted using three Malaysian rice varieties, MR219, MR220 and MR253. This study revealed varying responses of rice for germination percentage, germination rate index, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root volume, root surface area, seedling vigour index, root:shoot ratio and percentage phytotoxicity when the seeds were irrigated with different concentrations of municipal wastewaters. The seeds imbibed in untreated wastewater gave higher values of seed germination and seedling growth and development than treated wastewater. Lower municipal wastewater concentrations (2.5-25%) showed promoting effect on rice seed germination while higher wastewater concentrations (50-100%) retarded seed germination and crop growth and development. Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between untreated and treated wastewaters for germination rate index, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, root volume and root surface area. All the varieties tested showed varying responses to germination percentage, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root volume and root surface area when imbibed with municipal wastewater for aged and fresh rice seeds. However, no significant difference was observed among the three rice varieties for germination rate index and seedling length for aged seed. Municipal wastewater contains essential nutrients for plant growth and development. Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron
Published: 2015

37. Typhoid fever surveillance in Africa program: Carriers of invasive Salmonella in Africa survey (CISAS)

Author: Im, J., Panzner, U., von Kalckreuth, V., Pak, G. D., Espinoza, L. M. Cruz, Aaby, P., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Ali, M., Gassama, A., Schutt-Gerowitt, H., Marks, F., Wierzba, T. F., Im, J., Panzner, U., von Kalckreuth, V., Pak, G. D., Espinoza, L. M. Cruz, Aaby, P., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Ali, M., Gassama, A., Schutt-Gerowitt, H., Marks, F., and Wierzba, T. F.
Published: 2014

38. Har du någonsin ätit en död fisk? : En intervjustudie om hur fyra So-lärare ser på sitt arbete med att få elever med svenska som andraspråk att nå målen i So

Author: Gassama, Emma and Gassama, Emma
Abstract: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur fyra So-lärare ser på sitt arbete för att elever med svenska som andraspråk ska nå målen i So och hur de ser på de resurser de har. Fyra lärare som arbetar i fyra olika kommuner har intervjuats om sin syn på sitt arbete och resurser. Lärarna arbetar i årskurs 4-6 med So och har elever med svenska som andraspråk i klassen. För att syftet med studien skulle uppnås formulerades en frågeställning: Hur beskriver läraren sitt arbete med att få elever med svenska som andraspråk att nå målen i So-undervisningen? Hur ser läraren på sitt samarbete med SVA-lärare, hemspråkslärare och föräldrar? En kvalitativ metod i form av en intervjustudie har används och resultatet av lärarnas egen syn på sitt arbete har sammanställts. Svaren från lärarna har sedan jämförts och analyserats med varandra. Detta för att hitta mönster i lärarnas svar och på så sätt kunna gruppera dessa under olika teman. I diskussionen har lärarnas svar även jämförts och analyserats utifrån tidigare forskning och litteratur. Det teoretiska perspektivet som arbetet utgår ifrån är det sociokulturella perspektivet. De centrala begreppen som tas upp i arbetet är majoritet/minoritet, interkulturell pedagogik och andraspråk. Resultatet av studien visar på skillnader och likheter som finns i hur de olika lärarna arbetar för att elever med svenska som andraspråk ska nå målen i So. Den visar även på skillnader och likheter i vilka resurser lärarna har tillgång till i sitt arbete. Skillnaderna i vilka resurser lärarna har kan antas bero på i vilken kommun de arbetar i. Men en generalisering har inte kunnat göras på grund av att mängden av lärare som intervjuats från varje kommun har varit för få.
Published: 2014

39. SHIP2 regulates epithelial cell polarity through its lipid product, which binds to Dlg1, a pathway subverted by hepatitis C virus core protein.

Author: Awad, Aline, Sar, Sokhavuth, Barré, Ronan, Cariven, Clotilde, Marin, Mickael, Salles, Jean Pierre, Erneux, Christophe, Samuel, Didier, Gassama-Diagne, Ama, Awad, Aline, Sar, Sokhavuth, Barré, Ronan, Cariven, Clotilde, Marin, Mickael, Salles, Jean Pierre, Erneux, Christophe, Samuel, Didier, and Gassama-Diagne, Ama
Abstract: The main targets of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are hepatocytes, the highly polarized cells of the liver, and all the steps of its life cycle are tightly dependent on host lipid metabolism. The interplay between polarity and lipid metabolism in HCV infection has been poorly investigated. Signaling lipids, such as phosphoinositides (PIs), play a vital role in polarity, which depends on the distribution and expression of PI kinases and PI phosphatases. In this study, we report that HCV core protein, expressed in Huh7 and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, disrupts apicobasal polarity. This is associated with decreased expression of the polarity protein Dlg1 and the PI phosphatase SHIP2, which converts phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate into phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2). SHIP2 is mainly localized at the basolateral membrane of polarized MDCK cells. In addition, PtdIns(3,4)P2 is able to bind to Dlg1. SHIP2 small interfering RNA or its catalytically dead mutant disrupts apicobasal polarity, similar to HCV core. In core-expressing cells, RhoA activity is inhibited, whereas Rac1 is activated. Of interest, SHIP2 expression rescues polarity, RhoA activation, and restricted core level in MDCK cells. We conclude that SHIP2 is an important regulator of polarity, which is subverted by HCV in epithelial cells. It is suggested that SHIP2 could be a promising target for anti-HCV treatment., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2013

40. Synthesis and characterization of regioselectively monoderivatized maltooligosaccharides through a combination of tandem mass spectrometry and enzymatic hydrolysis studies

Author: David Lesur, David Lesur, Abdoulaye Gassama, Arnaud Brique, Nicolas Thiebault, Florence Djedaïni-Pilard, Serge Pilard, Vincent Moreau, David Lesur, David Lesur, Abdoulaye Gassama, Arnaud Brique, Nicolas Thiebault, Florence Djedaïni-Pilard, Serge Pilard, and Vincent Moreau
Abstract: ARKIVOC: vol. 2013, no. 2, (issn) 1551-7012, (dlps) 5550190.0014.221, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.
Published: 2012

41. Att leva med fibromyalgi ur ett kvinnligt perspektiv : en litteraturöversikt

Author: Lindell, Stina, Gassama, Maria, Pontén, Ida, Lindell, Stina, Gassama, Maria, and Pontén, Ida
Abstract: Bakgrund: Det saknas biomedicinsk förklaring till varför fibromyalgi uppstår, vilket gör att patienter idag främst diagnostiseras genom symtombilden som ingår i sjukdomen. Att fibromyalgi består av både fysiska och psykiska besvär och att orsaken är oklar gör att sjukdomen är svårbehandlad. Vid bemötande av denna patientgrupp är det viktigt att ha ett holistiskt synsätt. Syfte: Att belysa aktuell forskning om kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med fibromyalgi. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på tretton vetenskapliga artiklar som har analyserats. Resultat: De främsta huvudsymtomen för kvinnor med fibromyalgi är smärta, trötthet, utmattning, depression, sömnstörningar samt kognitiv nedsättning. Huvudteman som framkommit i studien är En sjukdom som påverkar livet och Att kämpa med sjukvården. Vidare framkom fyra underteman som grundas på sjukdomens begränsningar, som gör att kvinnor måste omstrukturera sin livssituation för att uppnå en livskvalitet. Slutsats: En ökad förståelse för hur kvinnor upplever att leva med fibromyalgi kan bidra till en förbättrad attityd mot denna patientgrupp. Detta kan leda till att kvinnors upplevelser av sjukdomen förbättras., Background: There is no biomedical reason why fibromyalgia occurs. Today, the patients are diagnosed mainly by the symptoms that are part of fibromyalgia. The cause of fibromyalgia is unclear, and it consists of both physical and psychological problems that make the disease difficult to treat. It is important to have a holistic approach when treating patients with fibromyalgia. Aim: To create an overview of current research of women’s experiences of living with fibromyalgia. Method: The study is designed as a study based on thirteen scientific articles which have been analyzed. Results: The main symptoms for women with fibromyalgia were pain, fatigue, exhaustion, depression, sleep disorders and cognitive impairments. The main themes that have emerged are A disease that affects the daily life and To struggle with the healthcare. Furthermore, the results show four subthemes which were based on that the limitations of the disease demand the women to restructure their life situation achieve quality of life. Conclusion: Increased knowledge and understanding of the experiences of patients living with fibromyalgia, may contribute to a better attitude and a better care for this group of patients. This may lead to improvement of women’s experiences of the disease.
Published: 2010

42. Preparing Students in Africa for Social Entrepreneurship in Mobile Technology: Current and Future Efforts in Senegal

Author: Scharff, Christelle, Wasilewska, Anita, Bousso, Mamadou, Ndiaye, Ibrahima, Gassama-Mbaye, Mbarou, Scharff, Christelle, Wasilewska, Anita, Bousso, Mamadou, Ndiaye, Ibrahima, and Gassama-Mbaye, Mbarou
Published: 2008

43. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploits a PIP3-dependent pathway to transform apical into basolateral membrane.

Author: Kierbel, Arlinet, Kierbel, Arlinet, Gassama-Diagne, Ama, Rocha, Claudia, Radoshevich, Lilliana, Olson, Joan, Mostov, Keith, Engel, Joanne, Kierbel, Arlinet, Kierbel, Arlinet, Gassama-Diagne, Ama, Rocha, Claudia, Radoshevich, Lilliana, Olson, Joan, Mostov, Keith, and Engel, Joanne
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important human pathogen, preferentially binds and enters injured cells from the basolateral (BL) surface. We previously demonstrated that activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt are necessary and sufficient for P. aeruginosa entry from the apical (AP) surface and that AP addition of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) is sufficient to convert AP into BL membrane (Kierbel, A., A. Gassama-Diagne, K. Mostov, and J.N. Engel. 2005. Mol. Biol. Cell. 16:2577-2585; Gassama-Diagne, A., W. Yu, M. ter Beest, F. Martin-Belmonte, A. Kierbel, J. Engel, and K. Mostov. 2006. Nat. Cell Biol. 8:963-970). We now show that P. aeruginosa subverts this pathway to gain entry from the AP surface. In polarized monolayers, P. aeruginosa binds near cell-cell junctions without compromising them where it activates and recruits PI3K to the AP surface. Membrane protrusions enriched for PIP3 and actin accumulate at the AP surface at the site of bacterial binding. These protrusions lack AP membrane markers and are comprised of BL membrane constituents, which are trafficked there by transcytosis. The end result is that this bacterium transforms AP into BL membrane, creating a local microenvironment that facilitates its colonization and entry into the mucosal barrier.
Published: 2007

44. The Magpie Trial:: a randomised trial comparing magnesium sulphate with placebo for pre-eclampsia.: Outcome for children at 18 months

Author: Duley, L, Farrell, B, Armstrong, N, Spark, P, Roberts, B, Smyth, R, Tivnan, M, Laws, A, Corfield, N, Salter, A, Thorn, L, Altman, D, Yu, L-M, Abalos, E, Carroli, B, Dellepiane, L, Duarte, M, Fernandez, H, Giordano, D, Clarke, M, Gray, A, Hey, E, Neilson, J, Simon, J, Doyle, L, Kelly, T, Squires, J, Collins, R, Karaoglou, A, Lilford, R, Moodley, J, Robson, S, Roberts, I, Rubin, P, Thornton, J, Twaddle, S, Villar, J, Walker, I, Watkins, C, Bimbashi, A, Demalia, E, Gliozheni, O, Shpata, A, Karolinski, A, Lamas, M, Pesaresi, M, Wainer, V, Barbato, W, Paciocco, M, Bertin, M, Boiza, E, Castaldi, J, Partida, Y, Farri, M, Kerz, G, Aguirre, J, de Sagastiza, M, Falcone, R, Morales, E, Carroli, G, Krupitzky, S, Lopez, S, Palermo, M, Varela, DM, Delprato, H, Camusso, H, Curioni, M, Ludmer, E, Brandi, R, Martin, R, Mesas, W, Taralli, R, Lezaola, M, Morosini, M, Andina, E, Bernal, L, Estiu, M, Ulens, E, de Speranza, BO, Peyrano, A, Damiano, M, Saumench, C, Horn, J, Pritchard, M, Smith-Orr, V, Wilson, M, Lawrence, A, Watson, D, Crowther, C, Paynter, J, Mannan, M, Shahidullah, M, Shamsuddin, L, Barros Santos, C, Freire, S, Melo, E, Cobo, E, Jaramillo, M, Cardozo, C, Fandino, N, Gaitan, H, Montano, L, Lozano, J, Rojas, M, Breto Garcia, A, Fuentes Ramirez, A, Garcia Miras, R, Sampera, S, Farnot, U, Gomez, E, Rojas, G, Valdez, R, El-Kreem, HA, Al-Hussaini, T, Hammad, E, Danso, K, Kwapong, E, Ofosu-Barko, F, Jasper, MP, Peedicayil, A, Regi, A, Sharma, R, Chauhan, A, Raut, V, Udani, R, Batra, S, Muthal-Rathore, A, Ramji, S, Zutshi, V, Balakrishnan, S, Eapen, E, Koshy, G, Ambardar, B, Vadakkepat, P, Vaidya, D, Lema, V, Rijken, Y, Tadesse, E, Dada, O, Sofekun, A, Ohiaeri, C, Runsewe-Abiodun, T, Adewole, I, Adeyemo, A, Brown, B, Oladokun, R, Adewale, O, Inimgba, N, John, C, Ogu, R, Ekele, B, Isah, A, Onankpa, B, Jamelle, R, Junejo, D, Faiz, NR, Gul, F, Sherin, A, Bangash, K, Mahmud, G, Masud, K, Tasneem, N, Gassama, S, Soyei, A, Agarwal, P, Rajadurai, V, Hani, C, Pirani, N, Delport, S, Macdonald, P, Mokhondo, R, Pattinson, R, Zondo, M, Adhikari, M, Mnguni, N, Carstens, M, Kirsten, G, Steyn, W, van Zyl, J, Helwig, A, Jacobson, S-L, Panosche, R, Hammond, E, Masanganise, L, Duley, L, Farrell, B, Armstrong, N, Spark, P, Roberts, B, Smyth, R, Tivnan, M, Laws, A, Corfield, N, Salter, A, Thorn, L, Altman, D, Yu, L-M, Abalos, E, Carroli, B, Dellepiane, L, Duarte, M, Fernandez, H, Giordano, D, Clarke, M, Gray, A, Hey, E, Neilson, J, Simon, J, Doyle, L, Kelly, T, Squires, J, Collins, R, Karaoglou, A, Lilford, R, Moodley, J, Robson, S, Roberts, I, Rubin, P, Thornton, J, Twaddle, S, Villar, J, Walker, I, Watkins, C, Bimbashi, A, Demalia, E, Gliozheni, O, Shpata, A, Karolinski, A, Lamas, M, Pesaresi, M, Wainer, V, Barbato, W, Paciocco, M, Bertin, M, Boiza, E, Castaldi, J, Partida, Y, Farri, M, Kerz, G, Aguirre, J, de Sagastiza, M, Falcone, R, Morales, E, Carroli, G, Krupitzky, S, Lopez, S, Palermo, M, Varela, DM, Delprato, H, Camusso, H, Curioni, M, Ludmer, E, Brandi, R, Martin, R, Mesas, W, Taralli, R, Lezaola, M, Morosini, M, Andina, E, Bernal, L, Estiu, M, Ulens, E, de Speranza, BO, Peyrano, A, Damiano, M, Saumench, C, Horn, J, Pritchard, M, Smith-Orr, V, Wilson, M, Lawrence, A, Watson, D, Crowther, C, Paynter, J, Mannan, M, Shahidullah, M, Shamsuddin, L, Barros Santos, C, Freire, S, Melo, E, Cobo, E, Jaramillo, M, Cardozo, C, Fandino, N, Gaitan, H, Montano, L, Lozano, J, Rojas, M, Breto Garcia, A, Fuentes Ramirez, A, Garcia Miras, R, Sampera, S, Farnot, U, Gomez, E, Rojas, G, Valdez, R, El-Kreem, HA, Al-Hussaini, T, Hammad, E, Danso, K, Kwapong, E, Ofosu-Barko, F, Jasper, MP, Peedicayil, A, Regi, A, Sharma, R, Chauhan, A, Raut, V, Udani, R, Batra, S, Muthal-Rathore, A, Ramji, S, Zutshi, V, Balakrishnan, S, Eapen, E, Koshy, G, Ambardar, B, Vadakkepat, P, Vaidya, D, Lema, V, Rijken, Y, Tadesse, E, Dada, O, Sofekun, A, Ohiaeri, C, Runsewe-Abiodun, T, Adewole, I, Adeyemo, A, Brown, B, Oladokun, R, Adewale, O, Inimgba, N, John, C, Ogu, R, Ekele, B, Isah, A, Onankpa, B, Jamelle, R, Junejo, D, Faiz, NR, Gul, F, Sherin, A, Bangash, K, Mahmud, G, Masud, K, Tasneem, N, Gassama, S, Soyei, A, Agarwal, P, Rajadurai, V, Hani, C, Pirani, N, Delport, S, Macdonald, P, Mokhondo, R, Pattinson, R, Zondo, M, Adhikari, M, Mnguni, N, Carstens, M, Kirsten, G, Steyn, W, van Zyl, J, Helwig, A, Jacobson, S-L, Panosche, R, Hammond, E, and Masanganise, L
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term effects of in utero exposure to magnesium sulphate for children whose mothers had pre-eclampsia. DESIGN: Assessment at 18 months of age for children whose mothers were recruited to the Magpie Trial (recruitment 1998-2001 ISRCTN 86938761), which compared magnesium sulphate with placebo. SETTING: Follow-up of children born at 125 centres in 19 countries across five continents. POPULATION: A total of 6922 children were born to women randomised before delivery at follow-up centres. Of these, 2271 were not included for logistic reasons and 168 were excluded (101 at a centre where <20% were contacted, 40 whose death or disability was due to a problem at conception or embryogenesis and 27 whose parent/s opted out). Therefore, 4483 children were included in follow-up, of whom 3283 (73%) were contacted. METHODS: Assessment by questionnaire, with interview and neurodevelopmental testing of selected children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Death or neurosensory disability at age of 18 months. RESULTS: Of those allocated magnesium sulphate, 245/1635 (15.0%) were dead or had neurosensory disability at 18 months compared with 233/1648 (14.1%) allocated placebo (relative risk [RR] 1.06, 95% CI 0.90-1.25), and of survivors, 19/1409 (1.3%) had neurosensory disability at 18 months compared with 27/1442 (1.9%) (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.40-1.29). There were no substantial differences in causes of death or in the risk of individual impairments or disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: The lower risk of eclampsia following prophylaxis with magnesium sulphate was not associated with a clear difference in the risk of death or disability for children at 18 months.
Published: 2007

45. The Magpie Trial:: a randomised trial comparing magnesium sulphate with placebo for pre-eclampsia.: Outcome for women at 2 years

Author: Duley, L, Farrell, B, Armstrong, N, Spark, P, Roberts, B, Smyth, R, Tivnan, M, Laws, A, Corfield, N, Salter, A, Thorn, L, Altman, D, Yu, L-M, Abalos, E, Carroli, B, Dellepiane, L, Duarte, M, Fernandez, H, Giordano, D, Clarke, M, Gray, A, Hey, E, Neilson, J, Simon, J, Collins, R, Karaoglou, A, Lilford, R, Moodley, J, Robson, S, Roberts, I, Rubin, P, Thornton, J, Twaddle, S, Villar, J, Walker, I, Watkins, C, Doyle, L, Bimbashi, A, Demalia, E, Gliozheni, O, Shpata, A, Karolinski, A, Lamas, M, Pesaresi, M, Wainer, V, Barbato, W, Paciocco, M, Bertin, M, Boiza, E, Castaldi, J, Partida, Y, Arias, C, Farri, M, Kerz, G, Aguirre, J, de Sagastizabal, M, Falcone, R, Morales, E, Carroli, G, Krupitzky, S, Lopez, S, Palermo, M, Varela, DM, Delprato, H, Camusso, H, Curioni, M, Ludmer, E, Brandi, R, Martin, R, Mesas, W, Taralli, R, Lezaola, M, Morosini, M, Andina, E, Bernal, L, Estiu, M, Ulens, E, de Speranza, BO, Peyrano, A, Damiano, M, Saumench, C, Horn, J, Pritchard, M, Smith-Orr, V, Wilson, M, Lawrence, A, Watson, D, Crowther, C, Paynter, J, Ashrafunnessa, Mannan, M, Shahidullah, M, Shamsuddin, L, Santos, CB, Freire, S, Melo, E, Cobo, E, Jaramillo, M, Cardozo, C, Fandino, N, Gaitan, H, Montano, L, Lozano, J, Rojas, M, Garcia, AB, Ramirez, AF, Miras, RG, Sampera, S, Farnot, U, Gomez, E, Rojas, G, Valdes, R, El-Kreem, HA, Al-Hussaini, T, Hammad, E, Danso, K, Kwapong, E, Ofosu-Barko, F, Jasper, MP, Peedicayil, A, Regi, A, Sharma, R, Chauhan, A, Raut, V, Udani, R, Batra, S, Muthal-Rathore, A, Ramji, S, Zutshi, V, Balakrishnan, S, Eapen, E, Koshy, G, Ambardar, B, Vadakkepat, P, Vaidya, D, Lema, V, Rijken, Y, Tadesse, E, Dada, O, Sofekun, A, Ohiaeri, C, Runsewe-Abiodun, T, Adewole, I, Adeyemo, A, Brown, B, Oladokun, R, Adewale, O, Inimgba, N, John, C, Ogu, R, Ekele, B, Isah, A, Onankpa, B, Jamelle, R, Junejo, D, Faiz, N, Gul, F, Sherin, A, Bangash, K, Mahmud, G, Masud, K, Tasneem, N, Gassama, S, Soyei, A, Agarwal, P, Rajadurai, V, Pirani, N, Delport, S, Macdonald, P, Mokhondo, R, Pattinson, R, Zondo, M, Adhikari, M, Mnguni, N, Carstens, M, Kirsten, G, Steyn, W, van Zyl, J, Helwig, A, Jacobson, S-L, Panosche, R, Hammond, E, Masanganise, L, Duley, L, Farrell, B, Armstrong, N, Spark, P, Roberts, B, Smyth, R, Tivnan, M, Laws, A, Corfield, N, Salter, A, Thorn, L, Altman, D, Yu, L-M, Abalos, E, Carroli, B, Dellepiane, L, Duarte, M, Fernandez, H, Giordano, D, Clarke, M, Gray, A, Hey, E, Neilson, J, Simon, J, Collins, R, Karaoglou, A, Lilford, R, Moodley, J, Robson, S, Roberts, I, Rubin, P, Thornton, J, Twaddle, S, Villar, J, Walker, I, Watkins, C, Doyle, L, Bimbashi, A, Demalia, E, Gliozheni, O, Shpata, A, Karolinski, A, Lamas, M, Pesaresi, M, Wainer, V, Barbato, W, Paciocco, M, Bertin, M, Boiza, E, Castaldi, J, Partida, Y, Arias, C, Farri, M, Kerz, G, Aguirre, J, de Sagastizabal, M, Falcone, R, Morales, E, Carroli, G, Krupitzky, S, Lopez, S, Palermo, M, Varela, DM, Delprato, H, Camusso, H, Curioni, M, Ludmer, E, Brandi, R, Martin, R, Mesas, W, Taralli, R, Lezaola, M, Morosini, M, Andina, E, Bernal, L, Estiu, M, Ulens, E, de Speranza, BO, Peyrano, A, Damiano, M, Saumench, C, Horn, J, Pritchard, M, Smith-Orr, V, Wilson, M, Lawrence, A, Watson, D, Crowther, C, Paynter, J, Ashrafunnessa, Mannan, M, Shahidullah, M, Shamsuddin, L, Santos, CB, Freire, S, Melo, E, Cobo, E, Jaramillo, M, Cardozo, C, Fandino, N, Gaitan, H, Montano, L, Lozano, J, Rojas, M, Garcia, AB, Ramirez, AF, Miras, RG, Sampera, S, Farnot, U, Gomez, E, Rojas, G, Valdes, R, El-Kreem, HA, Al-Hussaini, T, Hammad, E, Danso, K, Kwapong, E, Ofosu-Barko, F, Jasper, MP, Peedicayil, A, Regi, A, Sharma, R, Chauhan, A, Raut, V, Udani, R, Batra, S, Muthal-Rathore, A, Ramji, S, Zutshi, V, Balakrishnan, S, Eapen, E, Koshy, G, Ambardar, B, Vadakkepat, P, Vaidya, D, Lema, V, Rijken, Y, Tadesse, E, Dada, O, Sofekun, A, Ohiaeri, C, Runsewe-Abiodun, T, Adewole, I, Adeyemo, A, Brown, B, Oladokun, R, Adewale, O, Inimgba, N, John, C, Ogu, R, Ekele, B, Isah, A, Onankpa, B, Jamelle, R, Junejo, D, Faiz, N, Gul, F, Sherin, A, Bangash, K, Mahmud, G, Masud, K, Tasneem, N, Gassama, S, Soyei, A, Agarwal, P, Rajadurai, V, Pirani, N, Delport, S, Macdonald, P, Mokhondo, R, Pattinson, R, Zondo, M, Adhikari, M, Mnguni, N, Carstens, M, Kirsten, G, Steyn, W, van Zyl, J, Helwig, A, Jacobson, S-L, Panosche, R, Hammond, E, and Masanganise, L
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess long-term effects for women following the use of magnesium sulphate for pre-eclampsia. DESIGN: Assessment at 2-3 years after delivery for women recruited to the Magpie Trial (recruitment in 1998-2001, ISRCTN 86938761), which compared magnesium sulphate with placebo for pre-eclampsia. SETTING: Follow up after discharge from hospital at 125 centres in 19 countries across five continents. POPULATION: A total of 7927 women were randomised at the follow-up centres. Of these women, 2544 were not included for logistic reasons and 601 excluded (109 at a centre where <20% of women were contacted, 466 discharged without a surviving child and 26 opted out). Therefore, 4782 women were selected for follow-up, of whom 3375 (71%) were traced. METHODS: Questionnaire assessment was administered largely by post or in a dedicated clinic. Interview assessment of selected women was performed. Main outcome measures Death or serious morbidity potentially related to pre-eclampsia at follow up, other morbidity and use of health service resources. RESULTS: Median time from delivery to follow up was 26 months (interquartile range 19-36). Fifty-eight of 1650 (3.5%) women allocated magnesium sulphate died or had serious morbidity potentially related to pre-eclampsia compared with 72 of 1725 (4.2%) women allocated placebo (relative risk 0.84, 95% CI 0.60-1.18). CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in the risk of eclampsia following prophylaxis with magnesium sulphate was not associated with an excess of death or disability for the women after 2 years.
Published: 2007

46. Les marchés du travail domestique au Sénégal

Author: Gassama, Absa and Gassama, Absa
Abstract: Les marchés du travail domestique sénégalais se construisent essentiellement en dehors des formes de régulation officielles, mais, en les observant, nous pouvons distinguer les régularités qui les régissent. Ainsi, nous avons pu remarquer que le groupe professionnel précaire des travailleuses domestiques est constitué de plusieurs segments caractérisés par le niveau de qualification et de salaire qu’il induit. Les segments aux niveaux de qualification les plus faibles connaissent les plus bas salaires et sont majoritaires dans les marchés les plus ouverts et les plus instables. Les segments avec un haut niveau de qualification sont les plus nombreux dans les marchés les plus fermés et les plus stables., The markets and the Senegalese domestic work The markets of the Senegalese domestic work construct themselves essentially outside of the official forms of regulation but while observing them, we can distinguish the regularities that govern them. Thus, we were able to notice that the precarious professional group of the domestic workers is constituted of several segments characterized by the qualification level and of salary induce. The segments with a low qualification level have the lowest salaries and they are in the most open and unstable markets. The segments with a high qualification level are in the most numerous, in the closest and most stable markets.
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47. Les marchés du travail domestique au Sénégal

Author: Gassama, Absa and Gassama, Absa
Abstract: Les marchés du travail domestique sénégalais se construisent essentiellement en dehors des formes de régulation officielles, mais, en les observant, nous pouvons distinguer les régularités qui les régissent. Ainsi, nous avons pu remarquer que le groupe professionnel précaire des travailleuses domestiques est constitué de plusieurs segments caractérisés par le niveau de qualification et de salaire qu’il induit. Les segments aux niveaux de qualification les plus faibles connaissent les plus bas salaires et sont majoritaires dans les marchés les plus ouverts et les plus instables. Les segments avec un haut niveau de qualification sont les plus nombreux dans les marchés les plus fermés et les plus stables., The markets and the Senegalese domestic work The markets of the Senegalese domestic work construct themselves essentially outside of the official forms of regulation but while observing them, we can distinguish the regularities that govern them. Thus, we were able to notice that the precarious professional group of the domestic workers is constituted of several segments characterized by the qualification level and of salary induce. The segments with a low qualification level have the lowest salaries and they are in the most open and unstable markets. The segments with a high qualification level are in the most numerous, in the closest and most stable markets.

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