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La práctica deportiva es importante para los estudiantes universitarios por varias razones: Mejora la salud física: El ejercicio regular ayuda a mejorar la salud física de los estudiantes, reduciendo el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas y mejorando el bienestar general. Mejora la salud mental: La práctica deportiva también puede mejorar la salud mental de los estudiantes, reduciendo el estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión. Mejora el rendimiento académico: Estudios han demostrado que los estudiantes que practican deportes tienen mejores resultados académicos, mayor concentración y más capacidad para resolver problemas. Fomenta habilidades sociales: Los deportes ayudan a los estudiantes a desarrollar habilidades sociales, como la comunicación, el trabajo en equipo y la empatía. Desarrolla la disciplina: La práctica deportiva requiere disciplina y perseverancia, lo que puede ayudar a los estudiantes a desarrollar estas habilidades importantes para su vida académica y profesional. En resumen, la práctica deportiva es importante para los estudiantes universitarios, ya que puede mejorar tanto su salud física como mental, su rendimiento académico, sus habilidades sociales y su disciplina. Además, también puede ayudarles a mantener un equilibrio saludable entre sus responsabilidades académicas y su tiempo libre. Además, según el marco de referencia de la convocatoria se busca la mejora de la calidad docente y de los servicios vinculada a procesos de innovación es una de las líneas de trabajo con la que se encuentra comprometida la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, al igual que este grupo que vamos a innovar en aprendizaje, implicando la participación de la comunidad universitaria en la conformación de una cultura de la calidad. El objeto principal de esta convocatoria es fomentar el esfuerzo de toda la comunidad universitaria en la mejora de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, y en la gestión de la calidad, partiendo del impulso a la creación de equipos de trabaj

Background: There are environmental factors that may contribute to the onset of myopia. This study aims to evaluate the children’s lifestyle changes before and after the COVID-19 lockdown and how they can influence their vision. Methods: The same questionnaire was administered to children aged between 5 and 7 in Spain every year in September before (2017–2019) and after the COVID-19 lockdown (2020–2021). All the children also passed a vision exam consisting of the measurement of visual acuity (VA) and determination of objective and subjective refraction. Children were classified as myopes, pre-myopes, or hyperopes. The cut-off points to define the refractive error were established according to the value of the spherical equivalent (SE): hyperopia (SE > +0,75D), myopia (SE ≤ −0,5D), or pre-myopia (−0.5D < SE ≥ +0.75D). Data analysis is performed with the SPSS 27.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Results: In the pre-COVID period, the pre-myopes were the ones who spent the longest time outdoors, and after the COVID lockdown, there were no differences between groups. There neither were any differences in the time spent doing near-work activities between the groups in both periods (p > 0.05). Regarding the spherical equivalent, in the pre-COVID period, the mean value was 0.75 ± 2.09D and after the COVID lockdown, it was 0.47 ± 1.88D (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Pre-myopes spent more time outdoors than myopes in the pre-COVID period, while myopes spent more time using digital devices. All these differences do not exist after the COVID lockdown, with a general increase in the time spent outdoors and a decrease in the use of digital devices. Further studies are needed to know if these lifestyle changes remain and how they influence the onset of myopia. Copyright © 2023 Alvarez-Peregrina, Ruiz-Pomeda, Martinez-Perez, Prieto-Garrido, Villa-Collar, González-Pérez, González-Abad and Sánchez-Tena., Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Background: Due to the importance of choroidal thickness in the development of myopia, this study examined the effect of MiSight contact lenses (CLs) on the choroidal thickness of myopic children and the differences between responders and non-responders to the treatment with these CLs. Methods: A total of 41 myopic children were fitted with MiSight CLs and 33 with single-vision spectacles. They were followed up for two years. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and choroidal thickness 1 and 3 mm temporal and nasal to the fovea were measured by OCT at baseline and one and two years after the treatment. Differences in all the choroidal thickness parameters were assessed in each group over time. Patients from the MiSight group were classified based on a specific range of changes in axial length at the end of the second year of treatment as “responders” (AL change < 0.22 mm/per year) and “non-responders”, and the choroidal thickness of both groups was analyzed. Results: The subfoveal choroidal thickness of the MiSight and single-vision spectacle groups did not show any changes over time. Wearing MiSight CLs induced relative choroidal thickening in the responder group in the first year of treatment. Conclusion: Choroidal thickness might work as a predictor of the effectiveness of MiSight in myopia treatment., Sofia University Hospital, Henares University Hospital Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Historical information is needed to describe in a robust manner long-term changes in the distribution of organisms, although it is in general scarce or contained in non-scientific sources. Gazetteers (or geographical dictionaries) constitute a potential source of historical species records, which has not been accurately explored yet. The dictionary edited by Pascual Madoz between 1845 and 1850 extensively described the geography, population and socioeconomic aspects in Spain. The dictionary included abundant information on wild animals and plants, with a special focus on socioeconomically relevant species. Here, we present a database generated by collecting and georeferencing the mentions to freshwater fauna records in the Madoz, which includes 10,750 occurrence records of 39 freshwater-associated taxa from 5,472 localities. This database has been made public and usable (following FAIR criteria) in GBIF. Most of the records correspond to fish (10,201 records, 94.9% of total; 33 taxa), followed by crayfish (418 records, 3.9% of total; one species). Annelids (one taxon), amphibians (one taxon), reptiles (one taxon) and mammals (three species) sum up to 132 records (1.2% of total). The database presented here can be used to estimate the baseline ranges of many freshwater species, which should inform present-day management for the conservation and recovery of endangered species and freshwater communities.

Historical information is needed to describe in a robust manner long-term changes in the distribution of organisms, although it is in general scarce or contained in non-scientific sources. Gazetteers (or geographical dictionaries) constitute a potential source of historical species records, which has not been accurately explored yet. The dictionary edited by Pascual Madoz between 1845 and 1850 extensively described the geography, population and socioeconomic aspects in Spain. The dictionary included abundant information on wild animals and plants, with a special focus on socioeconomically relevant species. Here, we present a database generated by collecting and georeferencing the mentions to freshwater fauna records in the Madoz, which includes 10,750 occurrence records of 39 freshwater-associated taxa from 5,472 localities. This database has been made public and usable (following FAIR criteria) in GBIF. Most of the records correspond to fish (10,201 records, 94.9% of total; 33 taxa), followed by crayfish (418 records, 3.9% of total; one species). Annelids (one taxon), amphibians (one taxon), reptiles (one taxon) and mammals (three species) sum up to 132 records (1.2% of total). The database presented here can be used to estimate the baseline ranges of many freshwater species, which should inform present-day management for the conservation and recovery of endangered species and freshwater communities.

ARTICLE HISTORY: Received 11 September 2020 Revised 5 January 2021 Accepted 8 January 2021, Purpose: To investigate whether cessation of MiSight contact lens (CLs) wear for myopia control produces rebound effect. Material and Methods: This study recruited participants who had just completed the MASS Study, a two-year randomized clinical trial designed to assess the efficacy of MiSight® CLs versus distance single vision (SV) spectacles in myopic children. To assess the rebound effect, axial length progression was taken into account in those children that continued one more year of follow-up. At this visit, children were divided into three groups: MiSight-C group, in which children from the original study group continued MiSight CLs wear for the duration of the study; MiSight-D group, in which children from the original study group discontinued MiSight CLs wear in the last year; and SV-C group, in which children from the original control group continued wearing single-vision spectacles for the duration of the study. The last group was considered as the control group. Results: Of the 74 children who completed the MASS study, 55 children completed the 1-year follow-up and were included in the analysis. Thirteen children were included in the MiSight-C group, 18 in the MiSight-D group, and 24 in the Single Vision-C group. Axial length and myopia progression in the last year were 0.15± 0.11 mm, 0.22± 0.11 mm, 0.21± 0.10 mm and −0.37±0.44D, −0.46±0.39D and −0.55±0.45D for the three groups, respectively. No significant differences in axial elongation and myopia progression were found among the three groups of participants. Conclusions: Over a one-year period, neither myopia progression nor eye growth was faster for the subjects who discontinued MiSight contact lens wear compared to those who continued to wear MiSight contact lenses or those who continued to wear single-vision spectacles, indicating no rebound effect with MiSight contact lenses for 2 years., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Historical information is needed to describe in a robust manner long-term changes in the distribution of organisms, although it is in general scarce or contained in non-scientific sources. Gazetteers (or geographical dictionaries) constitute a potential source of historical species records, which has not been accurately explored yet. The dictionary edited by Pascual Madoz between 1845 and 1850 extensively described the geography, population and socioeconomic aspects in Spain. The dictionary included abundant information on wild animals and plants, with a special focus on socioeconomically relevant species. Here, we present a database generated by collecting and georeferencing the mentions to freshwater fauna records in the Madoz, which includes 10,750 occurrence records of 39 freshwater-associated taxa from 5,472 localities. This database has been made public and usable (following FAIR criteria) in GBIF. Most of the records correspond to fish (10,201 records, 94.9% of total; 33 taxa), followed by crayfish (418 records, 3.9% of total; one species). Annelids (one taxon), amphibians (one taxon), reptiles (one taxon) and mammals (three species) sum up to 132 records (1.2% of total). The database presented here can be used to estimate the baseline ranges of many freshwater species, which should inform present-day management for the conservation and recovery of endangered species and freshwater communities.

We extracted records of freshwater fauna (mainly, but not exclusively, fish) from the geographic dictionary edited by Pascual Madoz (henceforth ‘the Madoz’), which involved an exhaustive standardized survey of several descriptors of the Spanish territory in the mid-19th century. The Madoz was published between 1845 and 1850 in 16 volumes and contained information on some 70,000 Spanish population centers, rivers and topographical accidents. This work provides a rigorous national inventory of the socio-economic status of all settlements as well as their natural resources, including records of plant and animal species, both wild and domestic. Most mentions to freshwater fauna in the Madoz are reported either when describing rivers and wetlands or as a ‘production’ from a village, together with crops, livestock and game species. Some mentions are also associated to the heading ‘terrain’, although this is much less frequent. We converted these mentions into 10,750 usable records of 39 freshwater-associated taxa from 5,472 localities. These data can be used to describe the historical distributions of several species, including emblematic ones such as Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser sturio; 21 records), European eel (Anguilla Anguilla; 2848 records), Brown trout (Salmo trutta; 3943 records), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar; 258 records) and others. This knowledge will allow assessing range and niche expansion, contraction, and shifts, and should set the basis to identify conservation baselines to guide the management of freshwater systems., The project SUMHAL aims at implementing a strategy for biodiversity conservation in the western Mediterranean hotspot by setting a technologically efficient and scientifically robust system. The project combines fieldwork and virtual research environments for the recording, storing, analysis, and dissemination of the conservation status and threats of biodiversity in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The general aim of WP3, in which this datset is framed, is to explore venues on how to mobilize, harmonize and disseminate historical information on biodiversity and its management in order to generate reference conditions for conservation, improve research and enhance its interface with management. SUMHAL’s WP3 aims to produce useful information for the conservation of biodiversity by mobilizing information with three main focuses: 1) gathering historical species occurrence records; 2) inventorying damages produced by animals on human activities or goods; and 3) inventorying management actions and results in protected areas.

Background: Due to the importance of choroidal thickness in the development of myopia, this study examined the effect of MiSight contact lenses (CLs) on the choroidal thickness of myopic children and the differences between responders and non-responders to the treatment with these CLs. Methods: A total of 41 myopic children were fitted with MiSight CLs and 33 with single-vision spectacles. They were followed up for two years. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and choroidal thickness 1 and 3 mm temporal and nasal to the fovea were measured by OCT at baseline and one and two years after the treatment. Differences in all the choroidal thickness parameters were assessed in each group over time. Patients from the MiSight group were classified based on a specific range of changes in axial length at the end of the second year of treatment as “responders” (AL change < 0.22 mm/per year) and “non-responders”, and the choroidal thickness of both groups was analyzed. Results: The subfoveal choroidal thickness of the MiSight and single-vision spectacle groups did not show any changes over time. Wearing MiSight CLs induced relative choroidal thickening in the responder group in the first year of treatment. Conclusion: Choroidal thickness might work as a predictor of the effectiveness of MiSight in myopia treatment., Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía (España), Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (España), Depto. de Medicina, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

En los últimos años, las metodologías educativas se orientan hacia un mayor protagonismo del alumno, su papel como agente y su responsabilidad en el proceso de aprendizaje. Esto se puso especialmente de manifiesto en el sistema universitario español al producirse la incorporación del mismo al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Las necesidades docentes para estas nuevas metodologías son diferentes a las de otras más tradicionales como la clase magistral, en la que el alumno tiene un papel pasivo como receptor de información. En el último curso, se ha sumado un factor añadido a la forma de impartir docencia, siendo este la necesidad de hacer partícipes de la clase no solo a alumnos que se encuentran en la misma aula que el profesor, sino también a otros conectados de manera online (enseñanza híbrida). La introducción de recursos y materiales físicos y digitales que permitan la adaptabilidad a situaciones y necesidades diversas y actuales es, por tanto, imprescindible, además de natural en nuestra sociedad. Para que estos cambios metodológicos puedan producirse con eficacia, deben ser acompañados de un cambio en el entorno de aprendizaje y sus recursos, ya que estos pueden ser un elemento limitante o favorecedor de la dinámica didáctica que se produce dentro del aula. La hiperaula presenta un espacio flexible que puede adaptarse a técnicas, métodos y metodologías múltiples, tanto tradicionales como recientes, así como unos recursos que permiten llevarlos a cabo.

En los últimos años, las metodologías educativas se orientan hacia un mayor protagonismo del alumno, su papel como agente y su responsabilidad en el proceso de aprendizaje. Esto se puso especialmente de manifiesto en el sistema universitario español al producirse la incorporación del mismo al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Las necesidades docentes para estas nuevas metodologías son diferentes a las de otras más tradicionales como la clase magistral, en la que el alumno tiene un papel pasivo como receptor de información. En el último curso, se ha sumado un factor añadido a la forma de impartir docencia, siendo este la necesidad de hacer partícipes de la clase no solo a alumnos que se encuentran en la misma aula que el profesor, sino también a otros conectados de manera online (enseñanza híbrida). La introducción de recursos y materiales físicos y digitales que permitan la adaptabilidad a situaciones y necesidades diversas y actuales es, por tanto, imprescindible, además de natural en nuestra sociedad. Para que estos cambios metodológicos puedan producirse con eficacia, deben ser acompañados de un cambio en el entorno de aprendizaje y sus recursos, ya que estos pueden ser un elemento limitante o favorecedor de la dinámica didáctica que se produce dentro del aula. La hiperaula presenta un espacio flexible que puede adaptarse a técnicas, métodos y metodologías múltiples, tanto tradicionales como recientes, así como unos recursos que permiten llevarlos a cabo., In recent years, educational methodologies are oriented towards a greater role of the student, his role as an agent and his responsibility in the learning process. This was especially evident in the Spanish university system when it was incorporated into the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). The teaching needs for these new methodologies are different from those of more traditional ones such as the master class, in which the student has a passive role as receiver of information. In the last year, an added factor has been added to the way of teaching, this being the need to involve in the class not only students who are in the same classroom as the teacher, but also others connected in a way online (hybrid teaching). The introduction of resources and physical and digital materials that allow adaptability to diverse and current situations and needs is, therefore, essential, as well as natural in our society. For these methodological changes to occur effectively, they must be accompanied by a change in the learning environment and its resources, since these can be a limiting or favorable element of the didactic dynamics that occurs within the classroom. The hyper-classroom presents a flexible space that can be adapted to multiple techniques, methods and methodologies, both traditional and recent, as well as resources that allow them to be carried out.

We present a case of nondiagnosed comminuted stress fracture of the base of the proximal phalanx associated with flexor digitalis longus rupture in a teenage athlete. To our knowledge, there is no description in the literature of such a combination of injuries due to delayed diagnosis and incorrect treatment, including injections in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the second toe. The present article focuses on the importance of clinical suspicion of this rare lesion to achieve early diagnosis and avoid surgical treatment. Finally, the surgical technique used to treat this uncommon injury in the chronic phase, which yielded an excellent outcome in this teenage athlete, is described.

We mined the information of an exhaustive standardized historical survey developed in 628 localities across Spain between 1574 and 1582 (Relaciones Topográficas de Felipe II) with the goal of producing a rigorous national inventory of the socio-economic status and natural resources of Spanish settlements. The survey includes records of plant and animal species, both wild and domestic. We were able to collate 7,309 records for 75 wild plant taxa, 89 wild animal taxa, and 60 crop and domestic animal taxa. These data can be used to reconstruct historical land use and habitat cover, and model historical distributions of many species, including emblematic ones such as wolf and bear, which can establish reference distributions to assess range and niche expansion, contraction and shifts., The project SUMHAL aims at implementing a strategy for biodiversity conservation in the western Mediterranean hotspot by setting a technologically efficient and scientifically robust system. The project combines fieldwork and virtual research environments for the recording, storing, analysis, and dissemination of the conservation status and threats of biodiversity in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The general aim of WP3 is to explore venues on how to mobilize, harmonize and disseminate historical information on biodiversity and its management in order to generate reference conditions for conservation, improve research and enhance its interface with management. Accurate and abundant historical information is provided by governmental and citizen initiatives, conserved in diverse formats, most of which is neither published nor readily available for researchers or managers. SUMHAL’s WP3 aims to produce useful information for the conservation of biodiversity by mobilizing information with three main focuses: 1) gathering historical species occurrence records; 2) inventorying damages produced by animals on human activities or goods; and 3) inventorying management actions and results in protected areas.

Documenting and understanding long-term biodiversity change is limited by the availability of historical data, particularly from periods preceding major anthropogenic changes associated with the Industrial Revolution. We mined the information of a standardized historical survey developed in 628 localities across Spain between 1574 and 1582 (Relaciones Topográficas de Felipe II) with the goal of producing a general characterization of Spanish settlements, including, though not limited to, natural resources. From this survey, we were able to gather 7309 records for 75 wild plant taxa, 89 wild animal taxa, and 60 crop and domestic animal taxa. These data can be used to reconstruct historical land use and habitat cover, and model historical distributions of many species, including emblematic ones such as wolf and bear, which can establish reference distributions to assess range and niche expansion, contraction, and shifts. Data are provided under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. The authors are open to collaborate in projects based on this dataset.

Poner la última tecnología similar a la innovación en el sector de la Optometría para atención primaria a pacientes teniendo en cuanta la inserción laboral, inclusión y accesibilidad utilizando competencias digitales simples en interacción en la nube.

En el presente artículo se explora la pertenencia de los libros M y N al programa general de la Metafísica de Aristóteles. Los libros XIII (My) y XIV (Ny) han quedado en el trasfondo de la Metafísica, como una suerte de agregado editorial, del cual se puede prescindir para la comprensión de la propuesta aristotélica. En el presente artículo, sin embargo, se asume un punto de partida diferente, que consiste en integrar estos libros al núcleo de la propuesta de la Metafísica, entendiendo que ellos son claves para completar el panorama de la teoría general de la sustancia, o ousiología, que guía todos los libros metafísicos. De este modo, la discusión de M y N sobre números y principios viene a concluir la cuestión de la sustancia como causa y principio, anunciada desde el inicio de la Metafísica y desarrollada en sus libros centrales

Poner la última tecnología similar a la innovación en el sector de la Optometría para atención primaria a pacientes teniendo en cuanta la inserción laboral, inclusión y accesibilidad utilizando competencias digitales simples en interacción en la nube., Putting the latest technology similar to innovation in the Optometry sector for primary care for patients taking into account job placement, inclusion and accessibility using simple digital skills in interaction in the cloud.

[ES] El presente trabajo de Fin de Grado recoge un estudio teórico-práctico sobre el cartel y el graffiti, como herramientas creativas en la gráfica de protesta. Además, analizaremos dos casos específicos como ejemplo, la gráfica producida durante los sucesos de mayo del 68 en París y durante la masacre de Tlatelolco en México, en ese mismo año. La investigación teórica incluye el análisis de los recursos que utiliza la gráfica de protesta y añadiremos también ejemplos de otros referentes artísticos, relacionados con esta gráfica, en la actualidad. En la segunda parte del trabajo llevamos a la práctica nuestra propuesta personal, con los conceptos aprendidos sobre el lenguaje del cartel y el graffiti anteriormente, para realizar una serie carteles, que posteriormente serán difundidos en el espacio público. Haciendo además una reflexión personal sobre temas que nos preocupan en el presente, como la progresiva pérdida del derecho a la libertad de expresión y a manifestarse. Palabras clave: cartel- graffiti- espacio público- protesta- tipografía-iconografía popular, [EN] The current end of degree work collect a theoretical and practical study about the poster and graffiti, as a creative tool in the protest graph. In addition, we will analyse two specific cases for example, the graph produced during the events on may of 68 in París and during the massacre of Tlatelolco, in that same year. The theoretical investigation include the analysis of the resources that protest graph uses. Also, we will include examples of other artistic references, related with this graph, at present. In the second part of the work we put into practice our personal proposal, with the learned concepts about the poster and graffiti language, previously, to make a set posters, wich will be disseminated in the public space. Also doing a personal reflection about issues that concern us at present, such as the progressive loss of freedom of expression and manifestation rights . Key words: poster- graffiti- public space- protest- tipography- popular iconography

[ES] El presente trabajo de Fin de Grado recoge un estudio teórico-práctico sobre el cartel y el graffiti, como herramientas creativas en la gráfica de protesta. Además, analizaremos dos casos específicos como ejemplo, la gráfica producida durante los sucesos de mayo del 68 en París y durante la masacre de Tlatelolco en México, en ese mismo año. La investigación teórica incluye el análisis de los recursos que utiliza la gráfica de protesta y añadiremos también ejemplos de otros referentes artísticos, relacionados con esta gráfica, en la actualidad. En la segunda parte del trabajo llevamos a la práctica nuestra propuesta personal, con los conceptos aprendidos sobre el lenguaje del cartel y el graffiti anteriormente, para realizar una serie carteles, que posteriormente serán difundidos en el espacio público. Haciendo además una reflexión personal sobre temas que nos preocupan en el presente, como la progresiva pérdida del derecho a la libertad de expresión y a manifestarse. Palabras clave: cartel- graffiti- espacio público- protesta- tipografía-iconografía popular, [EN] The current end of degree work collect a theoretical and practical study about the poster and graffiti, as a creative tool in the protest graph. In addition, we will analyse two specific cases for example, the graph produced during the events on may of 68 in París and during the massacre of Tlatelolco, in that same year. The theoretical investigation include the analysis of the resources that protest graph uses. Also, we will include examples of other artistic references, related with this graph, at present. In the second part of the work we put into practice our personal proposal, with the learned concepts about the poster and graffiti language, previously, to make a set posters, wich will be disseminated in the public space. Also doing a personal reflection about issues that concern us at present, such as the progressive loss of freedom of expression and manifestation rights . Key words: poster- graffiti- public space- protest- tipography- popular iconography

[ES] El presente trabajo de Fin de Grado recoge un estudio teórico-práctico sobre el cartel y el graffiti, como herramientas creativas en la gráfica de protesta. Además, analizaremos dos casos específicos como ejemplo, la gráfica producida durante los sucesos de mayo del 68 en París y durante la masacre de Tlatelolco en México, en ese mismo año. La investigación teórica incluye el análisis de los recursos que utiliza la gráfica de protesta y añadiremos también ejemplos de otros referentes artísticos, relacionados con esta gráfica, en la actualidad. En la segunda parte del trabajo llevamos a la práctica nuestra propuesta personal, con los conceptos aprendidos sobre el lenguaje del cartel y el graffiti anteriormente, para realizar una serie carteles, que posteriormente serán difundidos en el espacio público. Haciendo además una reflexión personal sobre temas que nos preocupan en el presente, como la progresiva pérdida del derecho a la libertad de expresión y a manifestarse. Palabras clave: cartel- graffiti- espacio público- protesta- tipografía-iconografía popular, [EN] The current end of degree work collect a theoretical and practical study about the poster and graffiti, as a creative tool in the protest graph. In addition, we will analyse two specific cases for example, the graph produced during the events on may of 68 in París and during the massacre of Tlatelolco, in that same year. The theoretical investigation include the analysis of the resources that protest graph uses. Also, we will include examples of other artistic references, related with this graph, at present. In the second part of the work we put into practice our personal proposal, with the learned concepts about the poster and graffiti language, previously, to make a set posters, wich will be disseminated in the public space. Also doing a personal reflection about issues that concern us at present, such as the progressive loss of freedom of expression and manifestation rights . Key words: poster- graffiti- public space- protest- tipography- popular iconography

Thesoftwaredevelopmentprocessgoesbeyondtherigorousadoptionofamethodology,itisimportanttoaddressaspectsthatthreatenthequalityofthesoftware,especiallyfailuresduringtheRequirementsEngineering(IR)process,specificallyintheElicitationstageofRequirements(ER).Anovelwayisworkbasedongoodpractices,whichprovidesanagile,iterativeandlightweightwayofworkingwhilemaintainingwhatisalreadydonewell,whileintroducingnewpracticestoimprovetheprocess.ThisresearchaimstoidentifythegoodpracticesoftheinternationalqualitystandardISO/IEC/IEEE29148emphasizingtheprocessofelicitationofrequirements.Throughdocumentaryresearchandtriangulationofdata,REiscombinedwiththeactionsofthequalityassuranceoftheprocessregulatedbyISO/IEC/IEEE29148.Asaresult,qualityaspectsareincorporatedintheERstage,adaptingtotheneedsoftheclients,beingusefulasastandardindevelopmentprocessesthatrequiresomemethod,modelorqualitystandard,representinganalternativethatallowsitsrapidandviableadoptiontoimprovethequalityofthesoftware., El proceso de desarrollo de software va más allá de la adopción rigurosa de una metodología, es importante atender aspectos que atentan contra la calidad del software, especialmente las fallas durante el proceso de Ingeniería de Requisitos (IR), específicamente en la etapa de Elicitación de Requisitos (ER). Una forma novedosa es el trabajo basado en buenas prácticas, que proporciona un modo de trabajo ágil, iterativo y liviano manteniéndose lo que ya se hace bien, mientras se introducen nuevas prácticas para mejorar el proceso. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar las buenas prácticas del estándar internacional de calidad ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 enfatizando el proceso de elicitación de requisitos. Mediante una investigación documental y triangulación de datos se combina la ER con las acciones del aseguramiento de la calidad del proceso normada por la ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148. Como resultado se incorporan aspectos de calidad en la etapa de ER adaptándose a las necesidades de los clientes, siendo útil como estándar en procesos de desarrollo que requieran algún método, modelo o estándar de calidad, representando una alternativa que permite su adopción rápida y viable para mejorar la calidad del software.

Thesoftwaredevelopmentprocessgoesbeyondtherigorousadoptionofamethodology,itisimportanttoaddressaspectsthatthreatenthequalityofthesoftware,especiallyfailuresduringtheRequirementsEngineering(IR)process,specificallyintheElicitationstageofRequirements(ER).Anovelwayisworkbasedongoodpractices,whichprovidesanagile,iterativeandlightweightwayofworkingwhilemaintainingwhatisalreadydonewell,whileintroducingnewpracticestoimprovetheprocess.ThisresearchaimstoidentifythegoodpracticesoftheinternationalqualitystandardISO/IEC/IEEE29148emphasizingtheprocessofelicitationofrequirements.Throughdocumentaryresearchandtriangulationofdata,REiscombinedwiththeactionsofthequalityassuranceoftheprocessregulatedbyISO/IEC/IEEE29148.Asaresult,qualityaspectsareincorporatedintheERstage,adaptingtotheneedsoftheclients,beingusefulasastandardindevelopmentprocessesthatrequiresomemethod,modelorqualitystandard,representinganalternativethatallowsitsrapidandviableadoptiontoimprovethequalityofthesoftware., El proceso de desarrollo de software va más allá de la adopción rigurosa de una metodología, es importante atender aspectos que atentan contra la calidad del software, especialmente las fallas durante el proceso de Ingeniería de Requisitos (IR), específicamente en la etapa de Elicitación de Requisitos (ER). Una forma novedosa es el trabajo basado en buenas prácticas, que proporciona un modo de trabajo ágil, iterativo y liviano manteniéndose lo que ya se hace bien, mientras se introducen nuevas prácticas para mejorar el proceso. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar las buenas prácticas del estándar internacional de calidad ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 enfatizando el proceso de elicitación de requisitos. Mediante una investigación documental y triangulación de datos se combina la ER con las acciones del aseguramiento de la calidad del proceso normada por la ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148. Como resultado se incorporan aspectos de calidad en la etapa de ER adaptándose a las necesidades de los clientes, siendo útil como estándar en procesos de desarrollo que requieran algún método, modelo o estándar de calidad, representando una alternativa que permite su adopción rápida y viable para mejorar la calidad del software.

Received: 12 June 2018 / Revised: 27 July 2018 / Accepted: 21 August 2018 / Published: 08 September 2018 / Issue Date: 28 January 2019., Purpose: To evaluate the binocular and accommodative function in children wearing dual focus (DF) MiSight® contact lenses (CLs) for myopia control compared with children wearing single-vision (SV) spectacles. Methods: This was a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving subjects aged 8 to 12, with myopia ranging from − 0.75 to − 4.00D and astigmatism < 1.00D, allocated to MiSight® study CLs group or control group wearing SV. Binocular and accommodative function was determined at baseline, 12-, and 24-month visits, assessed by the following sequence of tests: distance and near horizontal phoria, accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio, stereopsis, accommodative amplitude (AA), and accommodative response (AR) at 33, 25 and 20 cm. Results: Seventy-four children completed the study: 41 in the CL group and 33 in the SV group. CLs group did not show any significant differences in binocular and accommodative measurements throughout the study. In control group, distance and near phoria, stereopsis, AC/A and AR at 20 cm did not show any significant change, but AA, AR at 33 cm and AR at 25 cm were greater at 24-month visit compared with baseline (p < 0.05). Conclusions: DF lenses do not change the binocular and accommodative function in children wearing dual focus CLs. Trial registration: NCT01917110, Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

El “aprendizaje-servicio” (ApS) ha logrado un posicionamiento muy relevante como estrategia educativa, pues posibilita una mixtura entre la formación académica y el servicio a la ciudanía. En función de esta relevancia, esta indagación tiene como objetivo cardinal conocer la percepción de un grupo de estudiantes de una universidad chilena, respecto de la experiencia de trabajar con la metodología ApS. Para ello, se aplicó un cuestionario y los datos recopilados se analizaron con medidas de estadística descriptiva. Los resultados muestran que las experiencias de los estudiantes fueron positivas, destacando el desarrollo de competencias genéricas como: trabajo en equipo, tolerancia y comunicación.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate safety and explore efficacy of efgartigimod (ARGX-113), an anti-neonatal Fc receptor immunoglobulin G1 Fc fragment, in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) with a history of anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) autoantibodies, who were on stable standard-of-care myasthenia gravis (MG) treatment. METHODS:A phase 2, exploratory, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 15-center study is described. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 4 doses over a 3-week period of either 10 mg/kg IV efgartigimod or matched placebo combined with their standard-of-care therapy. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included efficacy (change from baseline to week 11 of Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living, Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis, and Myasthenia Gravis Composite disease severity scores, and of the revised 15-item Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life scale), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity. RESULTS:Of the 35 screened patients, 24 were enrolled and randomized: 12 received efgartigimod and 12 placebo. Efgartigimod was well-tolerated in all patients, with no serious or severe adverse events reported, no relevant changes in vital signs or ECG findings observed, and no difference in adverse events between efgartigimod and placebo treatment. All patients treated with efgartigimod showed a rapid decrease in total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-AChR autoantibody levels, and assessment using all 4 efficacy scales consistently demonstrated that 75% showed a rapid and long-lasting disease improvement. CONCLUSIONS:Efgartigimod was safe and well-tolerated. The correlation between reduction of levels of pathogenic IgG autoantibodies and disease improvement suggests that reducing pathogenic autoantibodies with efgartigimod may offer an innovative approach to treat MG. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE:This study provides Class I evidence that efgartigimod is safe and well-tolerated

This research evaluated the capability of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) –based system to monitor the plant heights of several wheat, barley and triticale field trials over time, by applying a customised object-based image analysis algorithm to the digital surface models created with the structure-from-motion technique. Comparisons between UAV-based and ground-based measurements over time reported an overall coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.917 and an average root mean square (RMS) error of 0.10 m. With a target of field phenotyping, a ranking of genotypes in term of plant heights and crop growth was accurately provided, which can facilitate the decision making process in cereal breeding programs.

Bioethanol production obtained from cereal straw has aroused great interest in recent years, which has led to the development of breeding programs to improve the quality of lignocellulosic material in terms of the biomass and sugar content. This process requires the analysis of genotype–phenotype relationships, and although genotyping tools are very advanced, phenotypic tools are not usually capable of satisfying the massive evaluation that is required to identify potential characters for bioethanol production in field trials. However, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms have demonstrated their capacity for efficient and non-destructive acquisition of crop data with an application in high-throughput phenotyping. This work shows the first evaluation of UAV-based multi-spectral images for estimating bioethanol-related variables (total biomass dry weight, sugar release, and theoretical ethanol yield) of several accessions of wheat, barley, and triticale (234 cereal plots). The full procedure involved several stages: (1) the acquisition of multi-temporal UAV images by a six-band camera along different crop phenology stages (94, 104, 119, 130, 143, 161, and 175 days after sowing), (2) the generation of ortho-mosaicked images of the full field experiment, (3) the image analysis with an object-based (OBIA) algorithm and the calculation of vegetation indices (VIs), (4) the statistical analysis of spectral data and bioethanol-related variables to predict a UAV-based ranking of cereal accessions in terms of theoretical ethanol yield. The UAV-based system captured the high variability observed in the field trials over time. Three VIs created with visible wavebands and four VIs that incorporated the near-infrared (NIR) waveband were studied, obtaining that the NIR-based VIs were the best at estimating the crop biomass, while the visible-based VIs were suitable for estimating crop sugar release. The temporal factor was very helpful in achieving better estimations. The result

[Background] Homocysteine metabolism enzymes are very abundant in liver, but little is known about their putative protein-protein interactions and their role in the regulation of this metabolic pathway and other cellular processes. [Aim] Our work was designed to identify new protein interaction partners for betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) and methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) I/III. [Methods] Yeast two-hybrid screening of a rat liver library was performed using either BHMT or MAT1 as baits, as well as affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry using intein-BHMT as bait. Interactions were confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and pull-down. The putative role of interaction targets with unknown function was explored by expression silencing in a rat hepatoma cell line, followed by microarray expression analysis. [Results] Yeast two hybrid screenings revealed 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase and aldolase b as interactions targets of BHMT, whereas the oncogene PDRG1 was found interacting with MAT1. In parallel, affinity purification showed 131 non-redundant putative interaction targets for BHMT, out of which 20 were used for validation with additional techniques. Coimmunoprecipitation was performed after cotransfection of BHMT or MAT1 with each of their putative interaction partners in different cell lines. Using this approach the interaction of BHMT with S-methylmethionine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT2), MAT1, MAT2, cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase and aldolase b was confirmed, as well as that of PDRG1 and MAT1. Furthermore, pull-down experiments demonstrated the ability of PDRG1 to interact with both MAT1 and MAT2 and to displace the regulatory MAT subunit from the MAT II hetero-oligomer. Both, PDRG1-MAT1 and PDRG1-MAT2 interactions led to a reduction in S-adenosylmethionine synthesis in vitro. In transfected cells, the PDRG1-MAT1 complex could only be isolated from the

Received: 14 September 2017 ;Revised: 5 December 2017; Accepted: 10 January 2018; Published online: 3 February 2018., Purpose: To compare myopia progression in children randomized to MiSight contact lenses (CLs) versus children corrected with single-vision spectacles (SV) over a 2-year period. Methods: Subjects aged 8 to 12 with myopia (−0.75 to −4.00 D sphere) and astigmatism (< −1.00 D cylinder) were assigned to the lens study group (MiSight) or the control group (single vision). Measurements of visual acuity and subjective refraction were taken at 6-month intervals, and axial length, anterior chamber, corneal power, and cycloplegic autorefraction were measured at the baseline, 12-month, and 24-month visits. Results: Eighty-nine subjects were recruited. Forty-fix children were assigned to the MiSight group, and 33 to the single-vision spectacle group. In total, 74 children completed the clinical trial, with the following parameters at the beginning of the study: n = 41 in the MiSight group (age: 11.01 ± 1.23 years, spherical equivalent: −2.16 ± 0.94 D, gender: male: 21, female: 20) and n = 33 in the single-vision group (age: 10.12 ± 1.38 years, spherical equivalent: −1.75 ± 0.94 D, gender: male: 12, female: 21). After 2 years of follow-up, myopia progressed slowly in the MiSight group compared to the control group (0.45 D vs 0.74 D, p < 0.001) and there was less axial elongation in the MiSight group compared to the single-vision group (0.28 mm vs 0.44 mm, p < 0.001). Therefore, use of MiSight CLs produced lower myopia progression (39.32%) and lower axial growth of the eye (36.04%) at 2 years compared to spectacle use. Conclusions: MiSight contact lens wear reduces axial elongation and myopia progression in comparison to distance single-vision spectacles in children. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01917110., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

OBJECTIVE: To provide a systematic evaluation of the broad clinical variability in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), a multisystem disorder presenting mainly with afferent ataxia but also a complex phenotype of nonataxia symptoms. METHODS: From the large database of the European Friedreich's Ataxia Consortium for Translational Studies, 650 patients with genetically confirmed FRDA were included. Detailed data of medical history documentation, questionnaires, and reports on clinical features were analyzed to provide in-depth description of the clinical profile and frequency rates of phenotypical features with a focus on differences between typical-onset and late-onset FRDA. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify predictors for the presence of the most common clinical features. RESULTS: The most frequent clinical features beyond afferent ataxia were abnormal eye movements (90.5%), scoliosis (73.5%), deformities of the feet (58.8%), urinary dysfunction (42.8%), cardiomyopathy and cardiac hypertrophy (40.3%), followed by decreased visual acuity (36.8%); less frequent features were, among others, depression (14.1%) and diabetes (7.1%). Most of these features were more common in the typical-onset group compared to the late-onset group. Logistic regression models for the presence of these symptoms demonstrated the predictive value of GAA repeat length on the shorter allele and age at onset, but also severity of ataxia signs, sex, and presence of neonatal problems. CONCLUSIONS: This joint European effort demonstrates the multisystem nature of this neurodegenerative disease encompassing most the central nervous, neuromuscular, cardiologic, and sensory systems. A distinct and deeper knowledge of this rare and chronic disease is highly relevant for clinical practice and designs of clinical trials., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The recalcitrance of secondary plant cell walls to digestion constrains biomass use for the production of sustainable bioproducts and for animal feed. We screened a population of Brachypodium recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for cell wall digestibility using commercial cellulases and detected a quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with this trait. Examination of the chromosomal region associated with this QTL revealed a candidate gene that encodes a putative glycosyl transferase family (GT) 43 protein, orthologue of IRX14 in Arabidopsis, and hence predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of xylan. Arabinoxylans form the major matrix polysaccharides in cell walls of grasses, such as Brachypodium. The parental lines of the RIL population carry alternative nonsynonymous polymorphisms in the BdGT43A gene, which were inherited in the RIL progeny in a manner compatible with a causative role in the variation in straw digestibility. In order to validate the implied role of our candidate gene in affecting straw digestibility, we used RNA interference to lower the expression levels of the BdGT43A gene in Brachypodium. The biomass of the silenced lines showed higher digestibility supporting a causative role of the BdGT43A gene, suggesting that it might form a good target for improving straw digestibility in crops.

The paradigm of a cytoplasmic methionine cycle synthesizing/eliminating metabolites that are transported into/out of the nucleus as required has been challenged by detection of significant nuclear levels of several enzymes of this pathway. Here, we show betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT), an enzyme that exerts a dual function in maintenance of methionine levels and osmoregulation, as a new component of the nuclear branch of the cycle. In most tissues, low expression of Bhmt coincides with a preferential nuclear localization of the protein. Conversely, the liver, with very high Bhmt expression levels, presents a main cytoplasmic localization. Nuclear BHMT is an active homotetramer in normal liver, although the total enzyme activity in this fraction is markedly lower than in the cytosol. N-terminal basic residues play a role in cytoplasmic retention and the ratio of glutathione species regulates nucleocytoplasmic distribution. The oxidative stress associated with D-galactosamine (Gal) or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) treatments induces BHMT nuclear translocation, an effect that is prevented by administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione ethyl ester (EGSH), respectively. Unexpectedly, the hepatic nuclear accumulation induced by Gal associates with reduced nuclear BHMT activity and a trend towards increased protein homocysteinylation. Overall, our results support the involvement of BHMT in nuclear homocysteine remethylation, although moonlighting roles unrelated to its enzymatic activity in this compartment cannot be excluded.

[EN] MeteoGMT is an interactive multimedia installation, which is part of the artistic practices called EcoMedia. This facility reported massive meteorological data internet, aesthetically transcoding this information in a sound/lightinglandscape, [ES] eteoGMT es una instalación interactiva, que se enmarca dentro de las prácticas artísticas llamadas Ecomedia y más concretamente Meteomedia. Esta instalación reporta datos masivos meteorológicos de internet, transcodificando estéticamente esta información en un paisaje sonoro/lumínico.

[EN] MeteoGMT is an interactive multimedia installation, which is part of the artistic practices called EcoMedia. This facility reported massive meteorological data internet, aesthetically transcoding this information in a sound/lightinglandscape, [ES] eteoGMT es una instalación interactiva, que se enmarca dentro de las prácticas artísticas llamadas Ecomedia y más concretamente Meteomedia. Esta instalación reporta datos masivos meteorológicos de internet, transcodificando estéticamente esta información en un paisaje sonoro/lumínico.

Esta Tesis presenta arquitecturas, circuitos y chips para el diseño de sensores de visión CMOS con procesamiento paralelo embebido. La Tesis reporta dos chips, en concreto: El chip Q-Eye; El chip Eye-RIS_VSoC.. Y dos sistemas de visión construidos con estos chips y otros sistemas “off-chip” adicionales, como FPGAs, en concreto: El sistema Eye-RIS_v1; El sistema Eye-RIS_v2. Estos chips y sistemas están concebidos para ejecutar tareas de visión a muy alta velocidad y con consumos de potencia moderados. Los sistemas resultantes son, además, compactos y por lo tanto ventajosos en términos del factor SWaP cuando se los compara con arquitecturas convencionales formadas por sensores de imágenes convencionales seguidos de procesadores digitales. La clave de estas ventajas en términos de SWaP y velocidad radica en el uso de sensores-procesadores, en lugar de meros sensores, en la interface de los sistemas de visión. Estos sensores-procesadores embeben procesadores programables de señal-mixta dentro del pixel y son capaces tanto de adquirir imágenes como de pre-procesarlas para extraer características, eliminar información redundante y reducir el número de datos que se transmiten fuera del sensor para su procesamiento ulterior. El núcleo de la tesis es el sensor-procesador Q-Eye, que se usa como interface en los sistemas Eye-RIS. Este sensor-procesador embebe una arquitectura de procesamiento formada por procesadores de señal-mixta distribuidos por pixel. Sus píxeles son por tanto estructuras multi-funcionales complejas. De hecho, son programables, incorporan memorias e interactúan con sus vecinos para realizar una variedad de operaciones, tales como: Convoluciones lineales con máscaras programables; Difusiones controladas por tiempo y nivel de señal, a través de un “grid” resistivo embebido en el plano focal; Aritmética de imágenes; Flujo de programación dependiente de la señal; Conversión entre los dominios de datos: imagen en escala de grises e imagen binaria; Operaciones, This Thesis presents architectures, circuits and chips for the implementation of CMOS VISION SENSORS with embedded parallel processing. The Thesis reports two chips, namely: Q-eye chip; Eye-RIS_VSoC chip, and two vision systems realized by using these chips and some additional “off-chip” circuitry, such as FPGAs. These vision systems are: Eye-RIS_v1 system; Eye-RIS_v2 system. The chips and systems reported in the Thesis are conceived to perform vision tasks at very high speed and with moderate power consumption. The proposed vision systems are also compact and advantageous in terms of SWaP factors as compared with conventional architectures consisting of standard image sensor followed by digital processors. The key of these advantages in terms of SWaP and speed lies in the use of sensors-processors, rather than mere sensors, in the front-end interface of vision systems. These sensors-processors embed mixed-signal programmable processors inside the pixel. Therefore, they are able to acquire images and process them to extract the features, removing the redundant information and reducing the data throughput for later processing. The core of the Thesis is the sensor-processor Q-Eye, which is used as front-end in the Eye-RIS systems. This sensor-processor embeds a processing architecture composed by mixed-signal processors distributed per pixel. Then, its pixels are complex multi-functional structures. In fact, they are programmable, incorporate memories and interact with its neighbors in order to carry out a set of operations, including: Linear convolutions with programmable linear masks; Time- and signal-controlled diffusions (by means of an embedded resistive grid); Image arithmetic; Signal-dependent data scheduling; Gray-scale to binary transformation; Logic operation on binary images; Mathematical morphology on binary images, etc. As compared with previous multi-function pixels and sensors-processors, the Q-Eye brings among other the following advantages: Higher ima

[EN] MeteoGMT is an interactive multimedia installation, which is part of the artistic practices called EcoMedia. This facility reported massive meteorological data internet, aesthetically transcoding this information in a sound/lightinglandscape, [ES] eteoGMT es una instalación interactiva, que se enmarca dentro de las prácticas artísticas llamadas Ecomedia y más concretamente Meteomedia. Esta instalación reporta datos masivos meteorológicos de internet, transcodificando estéticamente esta información en un paisaje sonoro/lumínico.

El objetivo de este proyecto es la digitalización de patrimonio histórico y la conservación de éste en caso de que los modelos físicos desaparezcan. Se pretende obtener una réplica digital del avión de la primera guerra mundial Triplano Sopwith. Otro objetivo secundario es el aprendizaje y familiarización con el entorno CATIA V5 R19., The aim of this project is the historic heritage digitization and its conservation just in case physical models disappear. A digital replica of First World War plane, Triplane Sopwith, is expected to be obtained. Another secondary objective is learning and familiarization with the CATIA V5 R19 enviroment.

Esta Tesis presenta arquitecturas, circuitos y chips para el diseño de sensores de visión CMOS con procesamiento paralelo embebido. La Tesis reporta dos chips, en concreto: El chip Q-Eye; El chip Eye-RIS_VSoC.. Y dos sistemas de visión construidos con estos chips y otros sistemas “off-chip” adicionales, como FPGAs, en concreto: El sistema Eye-RIS_v1; El sistema Eye-RIS_v2. Estos chips y sistemas están concebidos para ejecutar tareas de visión a muy alta velocidad y con consumos de potencia moderados. Los sistemas resultantes son, además, compactos y por lo tanto ventajosos en términos del factor SWaP cuando se los compara con arquitecturas convencionales formadas por sensores de imágenes convencionales seguidos de procesadores digitales. La clave de estas ventajas en términos de SWaP y velocidad radica en el uso de sensores-procesadores, en lugar de meros sensores, en la interface de los sistemas de visión. Estos sensores-procesadores embeben procesadores programables de señal-mixta dentro del pixel y son capaces tanto de adquirir imágenes como de pre-procesarlas para extraer características, eliminar información redundante y reducir el número de datos que se transmiten fuera del sensor para su procesamiento ulterior. El núcleo de la tesis es el sensor-procesador Q-Eye, que se usa como interface en los sistemas Eye-RIS. Este sensor-procesador embebe una arquitectura de procesamiento formada por procesadores de señal-mixta distribuidos por pixel. Sus píxeles son por tanto estructuras multi-funcionales complejas. De hecho, son programables, incorporan memorias e interactúan con sus vecinos para realizar una variedad de operaciones, tales como: Convoluciones lineales con máscaras programables; Difusiones controladas por tiempo y nivel de señal, a través de un “grid” resistivo embebido en el plano focal; Aritmética de imágenes; Flujo de programación dependiente de la señal; Conversión entre los dominios de datos: imagen en escala de grises e imagen binaria; Operaciones, This Thesis presents architectures, circuits and chips for the implementation of CMOS VISION SENSORS with embedded parallel processing. The Thesis reports two chips, namely: Q-eye chip; Eye-RIS_VSoC chip, and two vision systems realized by using these chips and some additional “off-chip” circuitry, such as FPGAs. These vision systems are: Eye-RIS_v1 system; Eye-RIS_v2 system. The chips and systems reported in the Thesis are conceived to perform vision tasks at very high speed and with moderate power consumption. The proposed vision systems are also compact and advantageous in terms of SWaP factors as compared with conventional architectures consisting of standard image sensor followed by digital processors. The key of these advantages in terms of SWaP and speed lies in the use of sensors-processors, rather than mere sensors, in the front-end interface of vision systems. These sensors-processors embed mixed-signal programmable processors inside the pixel. Therefore, they are able to acquire images and process them to extract the features, removing the redundant information and reducing the data throughput for later processing. The core of the Thesis is the sensor-processor Q-Eye, which is used as front-end in the Eye-RIS systems. This sensor-processor embeds a processing architecture composed by mixed-signal processors distributed per pixel. Then, its pixels are complex multi-functional structures. In fact, they are programmable, incorporate memories and interact with its neighbors in order to carry out a set of operations, including: Linear convolutions with programmable linear masks; Time- and signal-controlled diffusions (by means of an embedded resistive grid); Image arithmetic; Signal-dependent data scheduling; Gray-scale to binary transformation; Logic operation on binary images; Mathematical morphology on binary images, etc. As compared with previous multi-function pixels and sensors-processors, the Q-Eye brings among other the following advantages: Higher ima

Esta Tesis presenta arquitecturas, circuitos y chips para el diseño de sensores de visión CMOS con procesamiento paralelo embebido. La Tesis reporta dos chips, en concreto: El chip Q-Eye; El chip Eye-RIS_VSoC.. Y dos sistemas de visión construidos con estos chips y otros sistemas “off-chip” adicionales, como FPGAs, en concreto: El sistema Eye-RIS_v1; El sistema Eye-RIS_v2. Estos chips y sistemas están concebidos para ejecutar tareas de visión a muy alta velocidad y con consumos de potencia moderados. Los sistemas resultantes son, además, compactos y por lo tanto ventajosos en términos del factor SWaP cuando se los compara con arquitecturas convencionales formadas por sensores de imágenes convencionales seguidos de procesadores digitales. La clave de estas ventajas en términos de SWaP y velocidad radica en el uso de sensores-procesadores, en lugar de meros sensores, en la interface de los sistemas de visión. Estos sensores-procesadores embeben procesadores programables de señal-mixta dentro del pixel y son capaces tanto de adquirir imágenes como de pre-procesarlas para extraer características, eliminar información redundante y reducir el número de datos que se transmiten fuera del sensor para su procesamiento ulterior. El núcleo de la tesis es el sensor-procesador Q-Eye, que se usa como interface en los sistemas Eye-RIS. Este sensor-procesador embebe una arquitectura de procesamiento formada por procesadores de señal-mixta distribuidos por pixel. Sus píxeles son por tanto estructuras multi-funcionales complejas. De hecho, son programables, incorporan memorias e interactúan con sus vecinos para realizar una variedad de operaciones, tales como: Convoluciones lineales con máscaras programables; Difusiones controladas por tiempo y nivel de señal, a través de un “grid” resistivo embebido en el plano focal; Aritmética de imágenes; Flujo de programación dependiente de la señal; Conversión entre los dominios de datos: imagen en escala de grises e imagen binaria; Operaciones, This Thesis presents architectures, circuits and chips for the implementation of CMOS VISION SENSORS with embedded parallel processing. The Thesis reports two chips, namely: Q-eye chip; Eye-RIS_VSoC chip, and two vision systems realized by using these chips and some additional “off-chip” circuitry, such as FPGAs. These vision systems are: Eye-RIS_v1 system; Eye-RIS_v2 system. The chips and systems reported in the Thesis are conceived to perform vision tasks at very high speed and with moderate power consumption. The proposed vision systems are also compact and advantageous in terms of SWaP factors as compared with conventional architectures consisting of standard image sensor followed by digital processors. The key of these advantages in terms of SWaP and speed lies in the use of sensors-processors, rather than mere sensors, in the front-end interface of vision systems. These sensors-processors embed mixed-signal programmable processors inside the pixel. Therefore, they are able to acquire images and process them to extract the features, removing the redundant information and reducing the data throughput for later processing. The core of the Thesis is the sensor-processor Q-Eye, which is used as front-end in the Eye-RIS systems. This sensor-processor embeds a processing architecture composed by mixed-signal processors distributed per pixel. Then, its pixels are complex multi-functional structures. In fact, they are programmable, incorporate memories and interact with its neighbors in order to carry out a set of operations, including: Linear convolutions with programmable linear masks; Time- and signal-controlled diffusions (by means of an embedded resistive grid); Image arithmetic; Signal-dependent data scheduling; Gray-scale to binary transformation; Logic operation on binary images; Mathematical morphology on binary images, etc. As compared with previous multi-function pixels and sensors-processors, the Q-Eye brings among other the following advantages: Higher ima

Esta Tesis presenta arquitecturas, circuitos y chips para el diseño de sensores de visión CMOS con procesamiento paralelo embebido. La Tesis reporta dos chips, en concreto: El chip Q-Eye; El chip Eye-RIS_VSoC.. Y dos sistemas de visión construidos con estos chips y otros sistemas “off-chip” adicionales, como FPGAs, en concreto: El sistema Eye-RIS_v1; El sistema Eye-RIS_v2. Estos chips y sistemas están concebidos para ejecutar tareas de visión a muy alta velocidad y con consumos de potencia moderados. Los sistemas resultantes son, además, compactos y por lo tanto ventajosos en términos del factor SWaP cuando se los compara con arquitecturas convencionales formadas por sensores de imágenes convencionales seguidos de procesadores digitales. La clave de estas ventajas en términos de SWaP y velocidad radica en el uso de sensores-procesadores, en lugar de meros sensores, en la interface de los sistemas de visión. Estos sensores-procesadores embeben procesadores programables de señal-mixta dentro del pixel y son capaces tanto de adquirir imágenes como de pre-procesarlas para extraer características, eliminar información redundante y reducir el número de datos que se transmiten fuera del sensor para su procesamiento ulterior. El núcleo de la tesis es el sensor-procesador Q-Eye, que se usa como interface en los sistemas Eye-RIS. Este sensor-procesador embebe una arquitectura de procesamiento formada por procesadores de señal-mixta distribuidos por pixel. Sus píxeles son por tanto estructuras multi-funcionales complejas. De hecho, son programables, incorporan memorias e interactúan con sus vecinos para realizar una variedad de operaciones, tales como: Convoluciones lineales con máscaras programables; Difusiones controladas por tiempo y nivel de señal, a través de un “grid” resistivo embebido en el plano focal; Aritmética de imágenes; Flujo de programación dependiente de la señal; Conversión entre los dominios de datos: imagen en escala de grises e imagen binaria; Operaciones, This Thesis presents architectures, circuits and chips for the implementation of CMOS VISION SENSORS with embedded parallel processing. The Thesis reports two chips, namely: Q-eye chip; Eye-RIS_VSoC chip, and two vision systems realized by using these chips and some additional “off-chip” circuitry, such as FPGAs. These vision systems are: Eye-RIS_v1 system; Eye-RIS_v2 system. The chips and systems reported in the Thesis are conceived to perform vision tasks at very high speed and with moderate power consumption. The proposed vision systems are also compact and advantageous in terms of SWaP factors as compared with conventional architectures consisting of standard image sensor followed by digital processors. The key of these advantages in terms of SWaP and speed lies in the use of sensors-processors, rather than mere sensors, in the front-end interface of vision systems. These sensors-processors embed mixed-signal programmable processors inside the pixel. Therefore, they are able to acquire images and process them to extract the features, removing the redundant information and reducing the data throughput for later processing. The core of the Thesis is the sensor-processor Q-Eye, which is used as front-end in the Eye-RIS systems. This sensor-processor embeds a processing architecture composed by mixed-signal processors distributed per pixel. Then, its pixels are complex multi-functional structures. In fact, they are programmable, incorporate memories and interact with its neighbors in order to carry out a set of operations, including: Linear convolutions with programmable linear masks; Time- and signal-controlled diffusions (by means of an embedded resistive grid); Image arithmetic; Signal-dependent data scheduling; Gray-scale to binary transformation; Logic operation on binary images; Mathematical morphology on binary images, etc. As compared with previous multi-function pixels and sensors-processors, the Q-Eye brings among other the following advantages: Higher ima

Esta Tesis presenta arquitecturas, circuitos y chips para el diseño de sensores de visión CMOS con procesamiento paralelo embebido. La Tesis reporta dos chips, en concreto: El chip Q-Eye; El chip Eye-RIS_VSoC.. Y dos sistemas de visión construidos con estos chips y otros sistemas “off-chip” adicionales, como FPGAs, en concreto: El sistema Eye-RIS_v1; El sistema Eye-RIS_v2. Estos chips y sistemas están concebidos para ejecutar tareas de visión a muy alta velocidad y con consumos de potencia moderados. Los sistemas resultantes son, además, compactos y por lo tanto ventajosos en términos del factor SWaP cuando se los compara con arquitecturas convencionales formadas por sensores de imágenes convencionales seguidos de procesadores digitales. La clave de estas ventajas en términos de SWaP y velocidad radica en el uso de sensores-procesadores, en lugar de meros sensores, en la interface de los sistemas de visión. Estos sensores-procesadores embeben procesadores programables de señal-mixta dentro del pixel y son capaces tanto de adquirir imágenes como de pre-procesarlas para extraer características, eliminar información redundante y reducir el número de datos que se transmiten fuera del sensor para su procesamiento ulterior. El núcleo de la tesis es el sensor-procesador Q-Eye, que se usa como interface en los sistemas Eye-RIS. Este sensor-procesador embebe una arquitectura de procesamiento formada por procesadores de señal-mixta distribuidos por pixel. Sus píxeles son por tanto estructuras multi-funcionales complejas. De hecho, son programables, incorporan memorias e interactúan con sus vecinos para realizar una variedad de operaciones, tales como: Convoluciones lineales con máscaras programables; Difusiones controladas por tiempo y nivel de señal, a través de un “grid” resistivo embebido en el plano focal; Aritmética de imágenes; Flujo de programación dependiente de la señal; Conversión entre los dominios de datos: imagen en escala de grises e imagen binaria; Operaciones, This Thesis presents architectures, circuits and chips for the implementation of CMOS VISION SENSORS with embedded parallel processing. The Thesis reports two chips, namely: Q-eye chip; Eye-RIS_VSoC chip, and two vision systems realized by using these chips and some additional “off-chip” circuitry, such as FPGAs. These vision systems are: Eye-RIS_v1 system; Eye-RIS_v2 system. The chips and systems reported in the Thesis are conceived to perform vision tasks at very high speed and with moderate power consumption. The proposed vision systems are also compact and advantageous in terms of SWaP factors as compared with conventional architectures consisting of standard image sensor followed by digital processors. The key of these advantages in terms of SWaP and speed lies in the use of sensors-processors, rather than mere sensors, in the front-end interface of vision systems. These sensors-processors embed mixed-signal programmable processors inside the pixel. Therefore, they are able to acquire images and process them to extract the features, removing the redundant information and reducing the data throughput for later processing. The core of the Thesis is the sensor-processor Q-Eye, which is used as front-end in the Eye-RIS systems. This sensor-processor embeds a processing architecture composed by mixed-signal processors distributed per pixel. Then, its pixels are complex multi-functional structures. In fact, they are programmable, incorporate memories and interact with its neighbors in order to carry out a set of operations, including: Linear convolutions with programmable linear masks; Time- and signal-controlled diffusions (by means of an embedded resistive grid); Image arithmetic; Signal-dependent data scheduling; Gray-scale to binary transformation; Logic operation on binary images; Mathematical morphology on binary images, etc. As compared with previous multi-function pixels and sensors-processors, the Q-Eye brings among other the following advantages: Higher ima

Esta Tesis presenta arquitecturas, circuitos y chips para el diseño de sensores de visión CMOS con procesamiento paralelo embebido. La Tesis reporta dos chips, en concreto: El chip Q-Eye; El chip Eye-RIS_VSoC.. Y dos sistemas de visión construidos con estos chips y otros sistemas “off-chip” adicionales, como FPGAs, en concreto: El sistema Eye-RIS_v1; El sistema Eye-RIS_v2. Estos chips y sistemas están concebidos para ejecutar tareas de visión a muy alta velocidad y con consumos de potencia moderados. Los sistemas resultantes son, además, compactos y por lo tanto ventajosos en términos del factor SWaP cuando se los compara con arquitecturas convencionales formadas por sensores de imágenes convencionales seguidos de procesadores digitales. La clave de estas ventajas en términos de SWaP y velocidad radica en el uso de sensores-procesadores, en lugar de meros sensores, en la interface de los sistemas de visión. Estos sensores-procesadores embeben procesadores programables de señal-mixta dentro del pixel y son capaces tanto de adquirir imágenes como de pre-procesarlas para extraer características, eliminar información redundante y reducir el número de datos que se transmiten fuera del sensor para su procesamiento ulterior. El núcleo de la tesis es el sensor-procesador Q-Eye, que se usa como interface en los sistemas Eye-RIS. Este sensor-procesador embebe una arquitectura de procesamiento formada por procesadores de señal-mixta distribuidos por pixel. Sus píxeles son por tanto estructuras multi-funcionales complejas. De hecho, son programables, incorporan memorias e interactúan con sus vecinos para realizar una variedad de operaciones, tales como: Convoluciones lineales con máscaras programables; Difusiones controladas por tiempo y nivel de señal, a través de un “grid” resistivo embebido en el plano focal; Aritmética de imágenes; Flujo de programación dependiente de la señal; Conversión entre los dominios de datos: imagen en escala de grises e imagen binaria; Operaciones, This Thesis presents architectures, circuits and chips for the implementation of CMOS VISION SENSORS with embedded parallel processing. The Thesis reports two chips, namely: Q-eye chip; Eye-RIS_VSoC chip, and two vision systems realized by using these chips and some additional “off-chip” circuitry, such as FPGAs. These vision systems are: Eye-RIS_v1 system; Eye-RIS_v2 system. The chips and systems reported in the Thesis are conceived to perform vision tasks at very high speed and with moderate power consumption. The proposed vision systems are also compact and advantageous in terms of SWaP factors as compared with conventional architectures consisting of standard image sensor followed by digital processors. The key of these advantages in terms of SWaP and speed lies in the use of sensors-processors, rather than mere sensors, in the front-end interface of vision systems. These sensors-processors embed mixed-signal programmable processors inside the pixel. Therefore, they are able to acquire images and process them to extract the features, removing the redundant information and reducing the data throughput for later processing. The core of the Thesis is the sensor-processor Q-Eye, which is used as front-end in the Eye-RIS systems. This sensor-processor embeds a processing architecture composed by mixed-signal processors distributed per pixel. Then, its pixels are complex multi-functional structures. In fact, they are programmable, incorporate memories and interact with its neighbors in order to carry out a set of operations, including: Linear convolutions with programmable linear masks; Time- and signal-controlled diffusions (by means of an embedded resistive grid); Image arithmetic; Signal-dependent data scheduling; Gray-scale to binary transformation; Logic operation on binary images; Mathematical morphology on binary images, etc. As compared with previous multi-function pixels and sensors-processors, the Q-Eye brings among other the following advantages: Higher ima

The methionine cycle has been mainly studied in the liver, an organ that presents with specific isoenzymes and proteins of this pathway. Classical knowledge ascribed enzymes of this cycle to the cytoplasm and suggested that metabolites could be transported to other subcellular locations as required. This hypothesis was reinforced by the discovery of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) transporters in the mitochondria, but later challenged by the identification of glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) and methionine adenosyltransferases (MATs) in the nucleus. As a result, new questions emerged regarding their role in that compartment and the putative link between anomalous subcellular localization and disease. In the last years, we have used several approaches trying to provide evidences that answer these questions, first by analyzing models of acute liver failure (D-galactosamine and acetaminophen intoxications), and second by studying the impact of changes in nutrient concentrations (methionine). The results obtained to date indicate that there is an opposite regulation for nuclear and cytoplasmic protein levels, the later correlating with expression changes. Methionine restriction induces expression of the three Mat genes in several cell lines, and cytoplasmic protein levels follow this expression pattern. Liver-specific genes (Mat1a, Bhmt, Gnmt) decrease their expression in hepatic intoxications, whereas the mRNA steady-state levels of the rest increase, the result being the well-known Mat1a/Mat2a switch. Total AdoMet levels decrease in hepatic intoxications, while nuclear accumulation of MAT¿1 (encoded by Mat1a), GNMT and SAHH is observed. This nucleo/cytoplasmic change in MAT¿1 localization correlates with enhanced nuclear levels of the tetrameric isoenzyme (MAT I with intermediate Vmax) and of specific epigenetic modifications involved in repression. Subcellular distribution is controlled by the ratio of glutathione species, acc

This paper reports a Low-Noise CMOS Image Sensor. Low-noise operation is achieved owing to the combination of a noise-enhanced pixel, the use of a two-step ADC architecture and the analysis, and the optimization thereof, of the noise contributed by the readout channel. The paper basically gathers the sensor architecture, the ADC converter architecture, the outcome of the noise analysis and some basic characterization data. The general low-noise design framework is discussed in the companion presentation.

This paper reports a Low-Noise CMOS Image Sensor. Low-noise operation is achieved owing to the combination of a noise-enhanced pixel, the use of a two-step ADC architecture and the analysis, and the optimization thereof, of the noise contributed by the readout channel. The paper basically gathers the sensor architecture, the ADC converter architecture, the outcome of the noise analysis and some basic characterization data. The general low-noise design framework is discussed in the companion presentation.

This paper reports a Low-Noise CMOS Image Sensor. Low-noise operation is achieved owing to the combination of a noise-enhanced pixel, the use of a two-step ADC architecture and the analysis, and the optimization thereof, of the noise contributed by the readout channel. The paper basically gathers the sensor architecture, the ADC converter architecture, the outcome of the noise analysis and some basic characterization data. The general low-noise design framework is discussed in the companion presentation.

El aprendizaje colaborativo supone un importante avance dentro de los métodos de innovación educativa. Consolida el cambio desde el modelo docente basado en el aprendizaje individual hacia un nuevo modelo basado en el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias colaborativas como un elemento deseable tanto en la sociedad en la que vivimos como en la sociedad del futuro. El aprendizaje colaborativo ayuda a lograr paralelamente objetivos de aprendizaje y objetivos de habilidades sociales y colaborativas tales como: cooperación, tolerancia, comunicación, escucha activa y compromiso. Nuestro proyecto canaliza, a través del uso de nuevas tecnologías y su aplicación en el campus virtual, lograr implementar técnicas de aprendizaje cooperativo que permitan al alumno alcanzar una serie de competencias que sirvan como base para su desarrollo profesional.

This paper reports a Low-Noise CMOS Image Sensor. Low-noise operation is achieved owing to the combination of a noise-enhanced pixel, the use of a two-step ADC architecture and the analysis, and the optimization thereof, of the noise contributed by the readout channel. The paper basically gathers the sensor architecture, the ADC converter architecture, the outcome of the noise analysis and some basic characterization data. The general low-noise design framework is discussed in the companion presentation.

[EN] meteoGMT is an interactive installation, which is part of the artistic practices called EcoMedia. This facility reported massive meteorological data internet, aesthetically transcoding this information in a sound/lightinglandscape, where a square arranged as a matrix and other electronics umbrella series is activated, or not, depending on the data that will be required by the viewer through the graphical interface of a tablet. To transcode the physical environment massive Internet data, and that these actuate the electronic matrix elements and umbrellas, A microcontroller and a development environment with Ethernet connection is used, that allow you to parsing the website of the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Wyoming. Where information is available on