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Climate change, encompassing the greenhouse effect, is a scientifically acknowledged fact. Factors such as population increase and limited resources for economic growth warrant consideration. This paper aims to develop a new approach to explore the relationship between the greenhouse effect (including climate change) and economic growth and the social/welfare state and find if the government really focus on the reduction of the greenhouse or is marketing. The objective is to develop a study employing linear regression, neural networks, and other statistical tools to elucidate these relationships. The data comprise figures for the human development index (HDI), the greenhouse effect, the GDP, and environmental indicators. The method used will be a parametric workout about the variables that affect the greenhouse gas emissions, the relationship between it and the HDI, and finally, will apply a prediction of greenhouse effects incorporating a neural network. Since 2020, in European Union countries, and especially in new members, focus has been placed on the HDI rather than on the reduction in the greenhouse effect. On the other hand, neural networks allow advances that enable the European Union to focus on climate change, with large investments planned until 2030 because the reduction in greenhouse gases can be effectively lowered when the countries’ expenditures are focused on environmental protection, including enhancing biodiversity., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Tomatoes are globally renowned for their nutritional value and culinary versatility. However, environmental stresses, particularly salinity, present significant challenges to tomato production, impacting both yield and fruit quality. In light of these challenges, this study investigates the effect of salinity on yield and fruit quality of a local cultivar tomato named ‘Pisanello’ in a closed soilless rockwool cultivation system. Total yield, fruit size, and number were investigated in both control (10 mM of NaCl) and salinity-treated plants (salinity 1 (S1)~30 mM of NaCl and salinity 2 (S2)~60 mM of NaCl), alongside various physicochemical parameters in fully ripened tomato fruits. The results indicated a decrease in crop production with rising sodium chloride concentration in the nutrient solution (25% and 41% for S1 and S2 treatment, respectively). Conversely, salinity-treated fruits exhibited an increase in total phenolic content of +21.9% in S1 and +36.7% in S2 and in antioxidant capacity (+33.5% and +34.7%, for the S1 and S2 treatments, respectively). Salinity treatments registered in general higher quality parameters such as titratable acidity (+8.9 for S1 and +16.5% for S2), total soluble solids (+18.5% for S1 and +43.0% for S2) and fruit firmness (+30.7% for S1 and +60.3% for S2) in comparison with control tomato fruits. Sensory profile analysis further validated the preference for fresh consumption of tomato fruits grown with saline water. These findings suggests that salinity stress can enhance the nutritional quality and taste of the Pisanello tomato. Further investigation could explore the optimal NaCl concentration to balance tomato production and nutritional quality., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Blue sticky traps contribute substantially to monitoring the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in greenhouses. Although sticky traps can detect the initial presence of thrips reliably, an estimation of the actual thrips density in the crop by counting number of thrips on the traps is often not accurate. To overcome this issue, we compared blue sticky traps and newly developed sticky LED-enlightened traps in combination with the commercial thrips kairomone Lurem-TR under commercial growing conditions. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae), crop stands in greenhouse cabins investigating the correlation between thrips caught on (LED) traps and the thrips density in the crop for an accurate and reliable thrips monitoring. Additionally, experiments aiming to understand underlying mechanisms of thrips orientation towards traps in different scenarios were conducted under controlled conditions. Results show that thrips catches on sticky LED enlightened coloured traps correlated strongly positive with number of thrips in the crop, especially at low thrips population densities. Adding Lurem to this trap type further improved accuracy of the correlation in the greenhouse cabin experiment. Moreover, LED traps with and without Lurem were more attractive towards thrips in small follow-up experiments compared to standard blue sticky traps. The results are discussed in the context of general orientation of thrips and its behaviour towards visual and olfactory cues when considering different scenarios. Our study shows the successful integration of blue LEDs into an existing trapping system and underlines the advantages compared with standard sticky plates. In conclusion, sticky LED enlightened coloured traps have a potential as an improved thrips monitoring device that might improve pest management decisions.

Global warming and global food security make it critical to develop energy -efficient, cost effective and sustainable food production systems with the least environmental footprint. Today, urban farming is supplying 15 -20 % of the world ‘s food and will play a more pivotal role in ensuring food security for burgeoning populations in the future. As one of the most critical growth -promoting agents for plants, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is commonly added in urban farming to enhance the yield and productivity, which can be about 9 -45 %. In order to improve energy efficiency and reduce cost, judicious selection and integration of CO 2 enrichment technologies are crucial. This reviews the features and limitations of various technologies that have been used or can be used for urban farms. Key performance indicators, including CO 2 purity, enrichment energy consumption and enrichment cost, have been employed for technology comparison. Combustion and decomposing technologies are characterized as low cost and simple equipment; however, the pollutants and odor produced by these technologies limit their applications in urban farms. Direct air CO 2 capture technologies are emerging technologies; however, their high investment cost and energy consumption need to be reduced before they can be widely adopted. Suggestions on future research and development to advance the capabilities of urban farms are also provided.

Dataset acquired for the study published in the article: “Refrigeration capacity and effect of ageing on the operation of cellulose evaporative cooling pads, by wind tunnel analysis”. This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) by means of research grant AGL2015-68050-R (Spain). This study investigates the temperature reduction capacity and water consumption of a fan-pad system installed in a greenhouse located in the coastal regions of Almería. The suitability of this system for coastal zones with high environmental humidity during the summer is analyzed. Historical temperature and relative humidity series are studied, obtaining the thermal difference and maximum, medium, and minimum monthly water consumption of the pads based on the operation data of the evaporative cooling pads.

Greenhouses offer the promise to mitigate the challenges faced by traditional open field agri- culture. Operating these systems on a commercial scale demands effective control and forecast models. This thesis contributes to the increasing field of research that applies methods from systems and control to greenhouse systems. The primary objective was to evaluate various cli- mate prediction models for their applicability in forecast and predictive control within green- houses. Comparative analyses were conducted on linear and non-linear data-driven models across one week and one hour time horizons. The linear models include an autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) model, subspace identification using the Multivariable Output-Error State-space algorithm (MOESP), and dynamic mode decomposition with control (DMDc). Of the linear methods, MOESP performed the best on both time horizons. The nonlinear methods included several long-short term memory (LSTM) models with different architec- tures. A stacked LSTM model was found to outperform the other LSTM models as well as all linear models over the one-week time horizon. The Koopman with inputs and control (KIC) framework, a novel nonlinear approach, was also examined. The choice of lifting func- tions proved to be a challenge, yielding only partial improvements over linear methods on the training set. For the short-term one-hour time horizon, the data-enabled predictive control (DeePC) algorithm was also implemented and yielded the most accurate results. Notably, the stacked LSTM predictor did not show any advantages on the one-hour timescale. Finally, a novel approach combining Koopman theory with DeePC was introduced and compared to the regular DeePC algorithm. No improvement was observed with this proposed method for one hour-ahead predictions. The comparison concluded with the insight that for the one hour time-horizon, the nonlinear methods that were investigated did not show advantages over linear methods in the g, Mechanical Engineering | Systems and Control

In this research study, we evaluated the effect of mild water deficit on the physiological response of the flag leaf at the milky grain development stage and the final grain yield and mineral content at maturity of bread wheat (Tritticum aestivum cv Gazul). Three plants were grown in 5-L pots containing a mixture of perlite and vermiculite in a volumetric ratio of 3 to 1 as the soilless substrate and under greenhouse conditions from February 2023 to July 2023. After seed sowing, the potted plants were fertigated at full-holding capacity (100% FC) three days per week. After the unfolding of the fourth leaf, pots were divided into two blocks: one half of the pots followed the same fertigation pattern at 100% FC while fertigation was reduced to 65% FC in the other half until plant maturity and senescence. At the milky grain development stage, when plants water demand was highest, we assessed leaf morphological traits, photosynthesis related traits, content of proline, free amino acids, ascorbic acid, glutathione and nitrate at two consecutive days. At maturity, plants were harvested to determine final biomass, water use efficiency, grain yield, and mineral content of the flag leaves and the grains.

Forecast studies show an increasing demand for greenhouses worldwide, as governments encourage local, safe and sustainable food production. Climate change, scarcity of water and other key resources are adding to the trend towards greenhouses. This project shows a world map of the highest suitability for greenhouses, broken down by mid-tech and high-tech greenhouses. This is done by performing a quick scan, which means synthesis and application of existing knowledge and data. Of the countries with the highest potential, more detailed maps are shown. This paper is commissioned by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland (RVO)) and funded by the European Community. Dutch Green Delta (DGD) and some of their partners contributed with their expertise and experiential knowledge. The total area of covered crops is very difficult to indicate because there are no clear definitions and hence no uniform data. This study estimates approximately 700,000 hectares of protected horticulture worldwide, of which approximately 53,000 hectares are high-tech greenhouses. This is in line with other literature sources. China provides the greatest uncertainty in data. Based on the analysis of area suitability, USA is the country with the highest relative score for high-tech, followed by France, Germany, UK and Ukraine. For mid-tech, the USA and France are also the countries with the highest relative score, followed by India, Libya, and Brazil. Based on the highest market opportunities for greenhouses explored for the production and sales of tomato, the top 5 countries are Germany, the Netherlands, France, the USA, and Spain. Based on the presence of existing greenhouses, Mexico is the country with the highest surface for high-tech, followed by the Netherlands, Turkey, Belgium and Germany. For mid-tech surfaces the top 5 countries are China, Turkey, Spain, Republic of Korea, and Egypt. Based on the combination of the 3 analyses above, the top 10 countries wit

This dataset includes measurements collected during a greenhouse trial in 2009-2010 in Bleiswijk, The Netherlands, and results of simulations aimed at reproducing the greenhouse as a mathematical model. The greenhouse trial was conducted between October 2009 and June 2010 by WUR Greenhouse Horticulture and Flower Bulbs in Bleiswijk, the Netherlands. The experiment compared the growth of cocktail tomatoes (variety Sunstream) in greenhouse compartments with 4 different installations of artificial lighting: (1) full LED toplights, (2) full HPS (high-pressure sodium) toplights, (3) hybrid HPS toplights and LED interlights (lamps between the crop rows), (4) hybrid LED toplights and LED interlights. In all installations, lamps provided in total 170 µmol/m2/s PAR light. In the hybrid installations 50% of the artificial light came from the toplights and 50% from the interlights. This dataset includes only the data used in Katzin et al (2020): outdoor weather, indoor climate, and greenhouse climate control actions, for installations (1) and (2) only (full LED toplights and full HPS toplights), between 19 October 2009 at 15:15 and 8 February 2010 at 15:15. Model simulations were performed by GreenLight, an open-source greenhouse simulation model. Four simulations were performed: (1) A simulation of the indoor climate with HPS lamps; (2) A simulation of the indoor climate with LED lamps; (3) A simulation of the energy use with HPS lamps ; (4) A simulation of the energy use with LED lamps.

The era of information technology is now. People's lifestyles have changed as a result. Seldom is there an aspect of human existence that is unaffected by information technology. Numerous technological trends are expanding quickly, including social media, cloud computing, mobile computing, and ubiquitous computing. Every facet of environmental research has already included Internet and communication technology (ICT) techniques. Research trends and advancements in ICT help understand how ICT emerged and how it may play a role in climate change in the future. This study used network visualization, bibliometric indicators, and the Scopus database to evaluate ICT solutions in climate change research trends. Climate change poses a threat to global people' quality of life, access to essential services, economic gains, social and economic progress, and increased susceptibility. The planet is rapidly approaching the environmental "tipping point," according to recent UN data. A shift toward a circular economy (CE) is urgently needed, and information and communication technologies (ICTs) have some promise in addressing the world's most severe climate challenges. ICTs can be used as tools for both mitigating and adapting to climate change as well as for monitoring it. Emissions and solid waste from other (non-ICT) sectors of the economy can be reduced by ICTs because their primary output is information rather than tangible commodities, a phenomenon frequently referred to as "dematerialization." This paper will talk about. Emerging Trends in ICT and Global Warming.

The food supply chain is responsible for a large share of the anthropogenic contribution to global warming, as well as being a major contributor to several other impact categories such as acidification and eutrophication. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways of limiting the impact from food production and the food supply chain. Many crops are not adapted to growing in regions with cold climate, which creates the need to either import them or to use production methods such as greenhouses to artificially create good conditions for the crops. Sweden is currently reliant on imports for many different crops, including tomatoes where most of the consumption is covered by import from the Netherlands. This study uses life cycle assessment to analyze the potential environmental impact of Swedish tomato consumption, by comparing several year-round domestic production scenarios with scenarios representing import from the Netherlands. This is done by using a greenhouse simulation software to simulate a theoretical greenhouse placed in both countries, and then using the simulation results in combination with data from the database EcoInvent to perform a life cycle assessment. The results showed that Swedish domestic production has the potential to decrease the environmental impact of tomatoes consumed in Sweden, when compared to import from the Netherlands. There were a couple of combinations of production scenarios and impact categories where the Dutch production performed better, but the Swedish production scenarios performed better in general. The results also clearly showed that scenarios using LED lighting systems consistently had a lower impact than similar production scenarios using high-pressure sodium lighting systems. The choice of energy sources was identified as a crucial factor when it comes to the environmental impact of the studied systems.

Growth regulators facilitate propagation and increase yield in plant production. Adding different amounts of regulators cause greater effectiveness in cell regeneration. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of different doses of GA3 (gibberellic acid) and BAP (benzylaminopurine) on the productivity of clonal teak mini gardens in San Carlos, Costa Rica. A trial with a factorial design (2x4) was established. GA3 and BAP were used as factor (A), while doses of 0, 5, 10, and 20 mgl-1 were used as factor (B). The analysis of variance and comparison tests showed that the use of GA3 significantly increased shoot production and shoot length, while BAP had no significant effect on production. The application of 10 and 20 mgl-1 of GA3 increased shoot production per mother plant from 1.02 to 1.47 and 1.50 increasing the production by 44 and 47 % respectively, in ordinary biweekly harvest, and 169 to 172 shoots per square meter corresponding to 38 and 33 %. When 5 mgl-1 to 20 mgl-1 of GA3 were applied, shoots from 4.19 to 4.44 cm in length were obtained. In the rooting rate, the differences were presented in GA3 which proved to be superior to BAP by 49 % for the average daily rooting, with a rate of 1.30 shoots per day. In conclusion, applying 10 mgl-1 of GA3 is sufficient to increase the productivity performance of clonal teak mini gardens, Los reguladores de crecimiento facilitan la propagación y aumentan el rendimiento en la producción de plantas. La adición en diferentes cantidades determina una mayor efectividad en la regeneración celular. Por tanto, este estudio evaluó el efecto de varias dosis del GA3(ácido giberélico) y de la BAP (bencilaminopurina) en la productividad de minijardines clonales de teca en San Carlos, Costa Rica. Se estableció un ensayo con diseño factorial (2x4). Como factor (A) se utilizó al GA3 y la BAP, mientras que como factor (B) las dosis 0, 5, 10 y 20 mgl-1. El análisis de varianza y pruebas de comparación mostraron que el uso del GA3 aumentó significativamente la producción y longitud de brotes. Y, el BAP no presentó efectos significativos en la producción. La aplicación de 10 y 20 mgl-1 de GA3 aumentó la producción de brotes por planta madre de 1,02 a 1,47 y 1,50 aumentando la producción en un 44 y 47 % respectivamente, en cosecha quincenal ordinaria, y 169 hasta 172 brotes por metro cuadrado correspondiente a un 38 y 33 %. Al aplicar 5 mgl-1 hasta 20 mgl-1 de GA3 se obtuvo brotes desde 4,19 a 4,44 cm de longitud. En la tasa de enraizamiento, las diferencias se presentaron en el GA3 que demostró ser superior al BAP en un 49 % para el enraizamiento diario medio, con una velocidad de 1,30 brotes por día. En conclusión, aplicar 10 mgl-1 de GA3 es suficiente para aumentar el rendimiento en la productividad de minijardines clonales de teca

The mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264-3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period in which the atmospheric CO2 concentration was approximately equal to the concentration we measure today (ca. 400 ppm). Sea surface temperature (SST) proxies indicate above-average warming over the North Atlantic in the mid-Pliocene with respect to the pre-industrial period, which may be linked to an intensified Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Earlier results from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) show that the ensemble simulates a stronger AMOC in the mid-Pliocene than in the pre-industrial. However, no consistent relationship between the stronger mid-Pliocene AMOC and either the Atlantic northward ocean heat transport (OHT) or average North Atlantic SSTs has been found. In this study, we look further into the drivers and consequences of a stronger AMOC in mid-Pliocene compared to pre-industrial simulations in PlioMIP2. We find that all model simulations with a closed Bering Strait and Canadian Archipelago show reduced freshwater transport from the Arctic Ocean into the North Atlantic. This contributes to an increase in salinity in the subpolar North Atlantic and Labrador Sea that can be linked to the stronger AMOC in the mid-Pliocene. To investigate the dynamics behind the ensemble's variable response of the total Atlantic OHT to the stronger AMOC, we separate the Atlantic OHT into two components associated with either the overturning circulation or the wind-driven gyre circulation. While the ensemble mean of the overturning component is increased significantly in magnitude in the mid-Pliocene, it is partly compensated by a reduction in the gyre component in the northern subtropical gyre region. This indicates that the lack of relationship between the total OHT and AMOC is due to changes in OHT by the subtropical gyre. The overturning and gyre components should therefore be considered separately to gain a more complete understanding of

The production of leafy green vegetables through aquaponics is established worldwide, but the production of herbs which are used in day-to-day life in the United Arab Emirates is not yet explored in this system in terms of production efficiency, water usage and the nutrient parameters. In the current study, basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), the two commonly used herbs, were grown in a traditional aquaponics system using tilapia fish and catfish effluent water (soil-less agriculture) and an irrigation-based greenhouse cultivation system (soil cultivation). The study's major goal is to evaluate several growth techniques for these herbs and choose the most effective one. The growth metrics of the plants, the nutrient makeup of the plants and the aquaponics water, and the antioxidant levels of the herbs were all examined at the end of the experiment. In terms of morphological data, the aquaponics method for growing basil and coriander was clearly superior compared to the soil-based approach. The findings indicate that in a soil-less (aquaponic) system, the growth parameters for both herbs, including plant height, root length, number of leaves, and fresh and dry weights, were significantly higher when compared to the conventional soil system. The substantial improvement may have been the way the plants used the nutrients in the aquaponics fish effluent water. The fish performance also showed significant enhancement under aquaponic set up, in terms of growth and survival rate. This study helps to provide convincing proof that a sustainable aquaponics system is superior to other conventional methods of food production. The study also found that plants from both systems had significantly higher levels of nutrients, although the antioxidant activity in both herbs was higher in the aquaponic system. Additionally, the water use efficiency of the aquaponics system was much higher than the conventional system, with water savi

The objectives of the research project were to examine the technical, socioeconomic and political challenges associated with urban community greenhouses’ integration, particularly in Montreal's disadvantaged neighborhoods. More specifically, the research team examined the potential of geothermal technologies, water management strategies and various greenhouse designs to improve their energy efficiency performance in Quebec's harsh climate. A greenhouse gas emissions calculator was developed to inform decision-making on how to reduce the ecological footprint of urban community greenhouses with technologies adapted to community groups and urban realities. The team also analyzed the socioeconomic and political issues arising from the motivations driving community greenhouse projects, as well as the partnerships and financing required to make them a reality. Inclusive measures deployed by project leaders are also identified to reach a diversity of Montrealers, particularly the most vulnerable, and address the risks of ecogentrification associated with greenhouses. This toolkit explores the sociopolitical issues at stake and proposes technical recommendations to consider when planning an urban community greenhouse.

Den globala efterfrågan på mat förväntas öka avsevärt i framtiden, driven av faktorer såsom befolkningsökning och industriell utveckling. Dessutom har vikten av en robust livsmedelsförsörjning nationellt fått ökad uppmärksamhet med tanke på globala klimatförändringar och politiska konflikter. Matproduktion i klimatstyrda växthus erbjuder lovande möjligheter för att möta den ökande efterfrågan på prisvärda och hållbara livsmedel. Trots de fördelar som är förknippade med matproduktion i växthus, står vi inför ett antal utmaningar som behöver hanteras, särskilt i ett land med kallt klimat som Sverige. Detta inkluderar låga utomhustemperaturer, begränsad solinstrålning, samt höga energikostnader för att upprätthålla ett gynnsamt odlingsklimat. I föreliggande studie undersöker vi potential med Wall Confluent Jet (WCJ) för att skapa och upprätthålla en gynnsam inomhusmiljö för grödodling i ett växthusklimat. Fördelarna med WCJ inkluderar bland annat användandet av lågtemperarad industriell spillvärme, utebliven risk för kondens, samt tillförsel av önskvärda nivåer av luftfuktighet och CO2. Dessutom syftar arbetet till att studera den teknoekonomiska prestandan hos WCJ i jämförelse med konventionell uppvärmning via fjärrvärme. Arbetet är uppdelat i två delar: (1) fältexperiment med mätningar av luft- och yttemperaturer för att studera prestandan i WCJ, och (2) teknoekonomisk analys som inkluderar olika klimatzoner, fjärrvärmepriser, samt olika priser på lågtempererad industriell spillvärme. Ett växthus, med ett integrerar testrum, som är beläget i Hofors används som fallstudie. Resultaten visar att WCJ-tekniken levererar en jämn och relativt konstant termisk miljö, samt att WCJ klistras vid både tak- och bakväggens ytor och därmed värmer upp dessa ytor. Vidare, den genomsnittliga energianvändningen för uppvärmning minskar från 381 kWh/m2∙år utan WCJ-teknik till 167 kWh/m2∙år med WCJ (56% minskning). WCJ-tekniken möjliggör också en genomsnittlig minskning av energikostna, The global demand for food is expected to increase significantly in the future, driven by factors such as population growth and industrial development. Additionally, the importance of a robust national food supply has gained increased attention in light of global climate change and political conflicts. Environmentally controlled greenhouse food production offers promising opportunities to meet the growing demand for affordable and sustainable food. However, there are several challenges that need to be addressed, particularly in countries with cold climates like Sweden. These challenges include low outdoor temperatures, limited solar radiation, and high energy costs to maintain desirable greenhouse indoor conditions. In this study, we explore the potential of the Wall Confluent Jet (WCJ) technology to create and maintain a favorable indoor environment for crop cultivation in a greenhouse setting. The advantages of WCJ include the utilization of low-temperature industrial waste heat, no risk for condensation, and the supply of desired levels of humidity and CO2. Furthermore, the study aims to assess the techno-economic performance of WCJ compared to conventional district heating for heating of greenhouses. The study is divided into two parts: (1) field experiments with measurements of air and surface temperatures to study the performance of the WCJ, and (2) techno-economic analysis considering different climate zones, district heating prices, and variations in prices of low-temperature industrial waste heat. A greenhouse with an integrated lab room located in Hofors is used as a case study. The results demonstrate that the WCJ technology provides a consistent and relatively stable thermal environment, with WCJ adhering to both the ceiling and back wall surfaces, thereby heating these surfaces. Furthermore, the average energy use for heating decreases from 381 kWh/m2∙year without WCJ technology to 167 kWh/m2∙year with WCJ (a 56% decrease). The WCJ technology also enabl

This review paper presents the factors that effects the growth and yield of cucumber under protected cultivation has be discussed in detail which includes explanation of each factor in detailed has been done and concludes with Discussion. This review paper include collecting and resolving revised and correct dossier from various beginnings, containing research items, convention papers, and connected to the internet possessions. The data collected is analysed and synthesized to comprehensively review the factors affecting cucumber growth and yield in protected cultivation.

type:Article, The effects of CO_2 enrichment and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based fertilizer application on cut flower production of Alstroemeria 'Avalange' were investigated. Seedlings were potted in 45-cm diameter polyethylene pots in September 2017. Four treatments were applied: general liquid fertilizer applied regularly (control group); ALA-based fertilizer (ALA group); CO_2 enrichment (CO_2 group); and ALA-based fertilizer combined with CO_2 enrichment (ALA+CO_2 group). In the first year, the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse until April 2018 and the CO_2 concentration in the CO_2 and ALA+CO_2 groups was increased to a maximum of 800 µmol mol^<‑1> for 5 h of the light period. The number of cut flowers and the SPAD value of leaves in the ALA+CO_2 group were significantly higher than those in the control group. There were no significant differences in cut flower length, cut flower weight, stem diameter, the number of peduncles and the number of florets among the treatments. In the second year, the experiment was conducted in a phytotron from November, 2018 to March, 2019 and the CO_2 concentration in the CO_2 and ALA+CO_2 groups was increased to 900 µmol mol^<‑1> for 7 h. The number of cut flowers in the ALA+CO_2 group was significantly higher than those in the control and CO_2 groups. Stem diameter in the ALA, CO_2 and ALA+CO_2 groups was thicker than that of the control group. There were no significant differences in cut flower length, cut flower weight, the number of peduncles and the number of florets among the treatments. The number of shoots in the CO_2 group was significantly greater than those in the control and ALA groups. These findings demonstrate that ALA-based fertilizer application under CO_2 enrichment conditions increases Alstroemeria cut flower numbers in low light conditions during winter.

Floating hook-moss (Warnstorfia fluitans) is a bryophyte growing in northern aquatic and peatland ecosystems. W. fluitans uptakes metals and excessive amounts of nitrogen from wastewater, which suggests that it may have commercial potential for use in phytoremediation. Optimization of growth conditions would allow artificial cultivation of floating hook moss in large quantities for phytoremediation applications. We tested how application of combined nutrient (NPK 7-2-2 ranging from 0.1 to 1 ml per liter of water) and water flow (ranging from 0.15 to 1.9 ml/min) treatments affect growth of W. fluitans in greenhouse conditions. At the end of the experiment, all treatment combinations were subjected to an additional cold room condition at low temperature (0–2 °C) without constant water flow. The moss generally produced biomass in the various treatment combinations. However, contrary to our expectations, we found that increase of nutrients and water flow had a negative effect on the growth of W. fluitans. The highest growth rates in the experiment were detected in the control unit that had no nutrient addition or applied water flow. Our results suggest that cold temperatures are beneficial for W. fluitans growth. Our results show that the commercial production of W. fluitans may not require nutrient or water flow manipulation, at least in the tested scale. Instead, the growth conditions should mimic the natural cold climate conditions of W. fluitans habitats in northern peatlands and/or spring ecosystems.

Kvarnängen är beläget 3,5 km norr om Nynäshamns stadskärna, omgivet av både ett stort rekreationsområde med idrottsmöjligheter i väst samt ett industriområde i öst. Tomten för Kvarnängsgården ligger i en dal, på en grusplan som tidigare var en båtuppställningsplats. De öppna fälten runt tomten används för sportaktiviteter av olika föreningar. Fram till 1960-talet var området kring Kvarnängen lantbruk med stall och gårdar. Idag är området särskilt aktivt under sommarhalvåret för utomhusaktiviteter, men det finns brist på offentliga platser att umgås på som inte är idrottsrelaterade. På grund av den kraftiga befolkningstillväxten i Nynäshamn antas området exploateras i framtiden. Förslaget undersöker hur gårdsmiljöer kan bestå under urbanisering och vad de kan tillföra en växande stad. Kvarnängsgården vill erbjuda en tillgänglig och gemensam plats där det är möjligt för alla att ta del av Nynäshamns historia och kultur som gårdsmiljö. Detta kan i förlängningen generera hälsofrämjande aspekter för befolkningen och hjälpa kommunen att nå sina mål 11 och 12 om psykisk hälsa och tillgång till friluftsliv. Förslaget vill stärka, aktivera och tillgängliggöra kopplingen mellan stadskärnan och rekreationsområdet genom att skapa en plats att mötas på, samt att främja utbildningsnivån i kommunen. Kvarnängsgården huserar två typer av boenden: kursgårdens inackordering samt ett korttidsboende med daglig verksamhet för personer med funktionsvariation. Verksamheterna delar på lokaler som föreläsningssalar, aktivitet- och mötesrum för utbildning och interaktion, växthus, stall och restaurang vilka även kan nyttjas av allmänheten., Kvarnängen is located 3.5 km north of Nynäshamn's city centre, surrounded by both an important recreation area with sports facilities in the west and an industrial area in the east. The site is located in a valley, on a field that was formerly a boat parking space. Due to the strong population growth in Nynäshamn, it is assumed that the location of Kvarnängen will be exploited in the future. Until the 1960s, Kvarnängen was an agricultural community with stables and farms. Today, the area is particularly active during the summer months for outdoor activities. The connection between Nynäshamn city and the recreational area is inactive for a significant portion of the year due to its lack of activated public spaces that are not related to sport. The proposal investigates how agricultural environments can persist during urbanization, and which benefits they can provide to a growing city. Kvarnängsgården wants to offer an accessible and public space where it is possible for everyone to participate in Nynäshamn's history and culture as a rural setting. Long-term, this can generate health-promoting aspects for the population and help the municipality to achieve its goals regarding mental health and equal access to outdoor activities. Kvarnängsgården seeks to strengthen and activate the connection between the city center and the leisure area by establishing a place to meet, as well as offering education and accomodation. Kvarnängsgården hybridity includes two types of accommodation: the course farm's lodging for the public and a short-term housing with daily activities for persons with certain functional impairments (according to the Swedish act of LSS). The organizations share facilities including lecture halls, activity and meeting rooms for education and interaction as well as a greenhouse, stable and restaurant, which are also open to the public.

The use of fertilizers has a significant impact on crop yields. The economy seeks on the ground that the products are of size and quantity. To achieve this objective, man opted for the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, with important economic results for producers, but harmful for soils, plants and consumers. The purpose of this research is to evaluate cucumber yield under two fertilization systems (Biol and Yaramila) in a greenhouse. The research was carried out under an experi-mental design type methodology, in the simplest and easiest way, which consists of data collection and statistical analysis. 9 cucumber beds of the Diamond Hybrid variety were planted, and beds 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 were treated with Biol. Likewise, beds 2, 4, 6 and 8 were treated with Yaramila. It was found that from the beds treated with Yaramila a total harvest of 78 fruits was obtained, while from those treated with Biol a harvest of 65 fruits was obtained. Regarding the characteristics length, width and weight, in the crop treated with Yaramila an average length of 25.19 cm, an average width of 5.97 and an average weight of 424.72 gr. were calculated, while those treated with Biol had a long average of 24.75 cm long, an average width of 5.99 and an average weight of 420.95 gr. From the above it is concluded that the difference percentages are minimal between the crops treated with Biol and Yaramila. Consequently, the crops treated with the chemical fertilizer Yaramila had almost the same cucumber yield as those treated with Biol. It is recommended to carry out these tests in a larger sowing extension, similar, in different genetic materials of cucumber and different sowing conditions., El uso de fertilizantes tiene un impacto significativo en el rendimiento de los cultivos. La economía busca en el suelo que los productos sean de tamaño y cantidad. Para conseguir este objetivo el hombre optó por el uso indiscriminado de agro-químicos, con resultados económicos importantes para los productores, pero nefastos para los suelos, plantas y consumidores. La presente investigación tiene como propósito evaluar el rendimiento de pepino bajo dos sistemas de fertilización (Biol y Yaramila) en invernadero. La investigación se realizó bajo una metodología tipo diseño experimental, de la manera más simple y sencilla, que consiste en la recogida de datos y un análisis estadístico. Se plantaron 9 camas de pepino, de la variedad Híbrido Diamante, y se trató con Biol las camas 1, 3, 5, 7 y 9. Asimismo, se trató con Yaramila las camas 2, 4, 6 y 8. En los resultados se encontraron que de las camas tratadas con Yaramila se obtuvo una cosecha total de 78 frutos, mientras que de las tratadas con Biol se obtuvo una cosecha de 65 frutos. En cuanto a las características largo, ancho y peso, en la cosecha tratada con Yaramila se calculó un largo promedio de 25.19 cm, un ancho promedio de 5.97 y un peso promedio de 424.72 gr., mientras que los tratados con Biol, tuvieron un largo promedio de 24.75 cm de largo, un ancho pro-medio de 5.99 y un peso promedio de 420, 95 gr. De lo anterior se concluye que, los porcentajes de diferencia son mínimos entre los cultivos tratados con Biol y Yaramila. En consecuencia, los cultivos tratados con el fertilizante químico Yaramila obtuvieron casi el mismo rendimiento de pepino que los tratados con Biol. Se recomienda realizar estas pruebas en una extensión mayor de siembra, asimismo, en distintos materiales genéticos de pepino y diferentes condiciones de siembra.

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2023, 206, P.107661

Architecture, as a discipline, has the potential to serve as a catalyst for cultivating an awareness of our intrinsic connection to the Earth and the broader universe. However, in the contemporary world, architectural practices frequently tend to alienate us from the natural environment, compelling many of us to inhabit indoor spaces reliant on centralized utility systems. This reliance, in turn, exerts significant stress on the Earth's ecosystems. The essence of architecture should instead lie in its capacity to engage with the surrounding natural elements, including the sun, wind, earth, and rain, thereby prompting individuals to acknowledge their geographical and planetary context. By harnessing these natural forces at the local level, architectural structures could autonomously provide their occupants with essential resources such as energy, water, and sustenance throughout the year. This thesis embarks on an exploration of the feasibility of integrating these principles of passive design into architectural structures, with the overarching goal of imparting experiential learning opportunities to the broader public. Through this endeavor, architecture can transcend its conventional role and emerge as a conduit for disseminating knowledge and awareness about sustainable living practices. Ultimately, this reimagined role for architecture can play a pivotal part in catalyzing the ongoing human evolution towards enhanced health and resilience, both as individuals and as a species.

The Navajo Nation has a lack of access to nutritious and fresh produce-based food. High tunnel greenhouses have become more popular for leafy greens and other fresh produce. However, it can be challenging and time-consuming to produce crops without environmental controls for optimal crop quality and yield. This project demonstrated an economical smart-phone integrated and environmentally controlled greenhouse system to improve greenhouse management, therefore making a high tunnel greenhouse on the Navajo Nation more data accessible, productive, and engaging for the user. This was done by controlling the air temperature in the aerial environment and irrigation with a sensor-based feedback control using low-cost microcontrollers, radio transmission, and Wi-Fi, and by providing the owner via smartphone with greenhouse environmental data and notifications. The system was able to keep the greenhouse within 11 K of the outside temperature, and was an improvement over natural ventilation in providing a more favorable environment for crop production, especially during periods of low wind.

The research and design hypothesize how data centers can complement the urban environment rather than make a negative impact, both environmentally and spatially. Data centers consume and produce a variety of valuable flows, ranging from electricity, cooling/heating and water use. The aim of the research is to discover whether it is possible to create synergy between these flows in a mixed-use building that contains both data center, residential and greenhouse program. All flows for the different programs are analyzed, quantified and visualized. Through the findings, the flows and programs are linked together. This in turn creates possibilities to redesign and optimize the processes of these flows and reduce the amount of resources needed (input) while at the same time reducing waste (output). Based on the research, a mixed-use building is proposed for the Sluisbuurt neighborhood in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Both a data center, residential program, greenhouse program and a diverse public program are combined., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences

One strategy to solve the severe environmental problems of Moroccan horticulture, especially water scarcity, is to upgrade agricultural methods by introducing high-tech greenhouses equipped with closed-loop hydroponic systems. However, these technologies are unprecedented in the country, and the implications for the environment remain unknown under local conditions. Using life cycle assessment with a functional unit of one kilogram of tomatoes at greenhouse gate, this study aimed to predict the environmental impacts and the hotspots of two different closed-loop hydroponic systems if they were deployed in the Souss-Massa region, the biggest producer of the country. 18 mid-point indicators from ReCiPe were used, highlighting the most relevant ones for the region: use of net freshwater (UNFW), terrestrial ecotoxicity (TET), freshwater eutrophication (FE), and global warming (GW). A field trip to Agadir, the capital of the region, also helped to collect different views on the transition to these technologies. The impact assessment revealed that artificial lighting would be the main contributor to 17 categories due to electricity being generated from oil and coal. To a lesser extent, landfilling of waste would also impact most of the categories. A new scenario with renewable energy showed that the impact from lighting can be drastically reduced by around 80% for GW, TET, and FE and by 34% in the case of UNFW. Contrarily, waste plastic recycling does not significantly influence the LCA results since the more abundant organic waste is a larger contributor. For Souss-Massa to sustainably transit to hydroponic systems, it is essential that electricity consumption for lighting is drastically reduced and/or switched to clean sources. Organic waste needs to be revalorized by implementing composting processes or biodigesters. Lastly, the field trip exposed some key challenges to transit to more sustainable hydroponic farming systems: gaining the trust of farmers, fin, Interdisciplinary Thesis Lab, Sustainable Horticulture, LDE Centre for sustainability, Industrial Ecology

Heat recovery plays a pivotal role in enhancing energy efficiency and reducing operating costs in the energy sector. In the context of greenhouse energy management, heat recovery measures hold significant potential to improve overall efficiency and profitability while improving sustainability. By specifically targeting ventilation waste heat, it is aimed to identify efficient and innovative ways to harness this abundant but often overlooked energy source. The primary objective of this thesis is to present a systematic methodology that offers practical insights into the design of a heat recovery system for greenhouses using heat integration technique. Considering the dynamic nature of greenhouse processes, dynamic Pinch Analysis (PA) is applied for the very first time to design an integrated greenhouse heating, cooling, and ventilation system. So, in the first step, the greenhouse climate conditioning system is defined in terms of distinct streams representing different components and processes within the system. This stream-based representation allows for a comprehensive understanding of the system's thermal dynamics, facilitating heat recovery analysis. Then, the required data to fully define all streams as a function of time (i.e. thermal and ventilation requirements) are calculated using a greenhouse climate model developed in Matlab/Simulink. Dynamic PA is accomplished in two major steps: energy targeting and heat exchanger network design. By employing energy targeting techniques based on graphical PA (composite curves), the methodology identifies heat recovery opportunities and determines the integration possibilities within the greenhouse. In the next step, a heuristic approach is presented to allocate a suitable heat exchanger network to the streams, thereby achieving the set energy targets. In this approach, the HEN design problem is solved only for the most representative time periods (i.e. typical days) determined using clustering. This can cons, La récupération de chaleur joue un rôle crucial dans l'amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique et la réduction des coûts opérationnels dans le secteur de l'énergie. Dans le contexte de la gestion de l'énergie des serres, les mesures de récupération de chaleur offrent un potentiel significatif pour améliorer l'efficacité globale et la rentabilité tout en favorisant la durabilité. En ciblant spécifiquement la chaleur perdue par la ventilation, notre objectif est d'identifier des moyens efficaces et innovants pour exploiter cette source d'énergie abondante mais souvent négligée. Cette thèse a pour principal objectif de présenter une méthodologie systématique offrant des aperçus pratiques sur la conception d'un système de récupération de chaleur pour les serres en utilisant la technique d'intégration thermique. Compte tenu de la nature dynamique des processus des serres, l'Analyse Pinch dynamique (PA) est appliquée pour la toute première fois afin de concevoir un système de chauffage, de refroidissement et de ventilation intégré pour les serres. Ainsi, dans un premier temps, le système de conditionnement du climat des serres est défini en termes de flux distincts représentant les différents composants et processus au sein du système. Cette représentation basée sur les flux permet de comprendre de manière exhaustive la dynamique thermique du système, facilitant ainsi l'analyse de récupération de chaleur. Ensuite, les données requises pour définir entièrement tous les flux en fonction du temps (c'est-à-dire les besoins thermiques et de ventilation) sont calculées à l'aide d'un modèle climatique de serre développé dans Matlab/Simulink. L'Analyse Pinch dynamique est réalisée en deux étapes majeures: le ciblage énergétique et la conception du réseau d'échangeurs de chaleur. En utilisant des techniques de ciblage énergétique basées sur l'Analyse Pinch graphique (courbes composites), la méthodologie identifie les opportunités de récupération de chaleur et détermine les possib

Tato bakalářská práce si klade za cíl vytvořit návrh a následně realizovat model skleníku pro bytové pěstování rostlin. V první fázi je provedena rešerše trhu s automatickými skleníky a rešerše regulování klíčových veličin ve sklenících. Následně je vytvořen návrh modelu skleníku včetně regulace vlhkosti půdy, teploty vzduchu a osvětlení. Navržené řešení je následně aplikováno v reálném modelu automatického skleníku, který tak umožňuje dosažení optimálního klimatického prostředí a požadovaných procesů pro pěstování rostlin v bytových podmínkách., The aim of this bachelor thesis is to design and realize a model of a greenhouse for indoor plant growing. At first, a market research of automatic greenhouses and a research of the regulation of key physical quantities in greenhouses is carried out. In next step, a greenhouse model is designed including soil humidity, air temperature and lighting control. The proposed solution is then applied in a real model of an automatic greenhouse, which allows to achieve the optimal climatic environment and the required processes for growing plants in indoor conditions., Fakulta elektrotechniky a informatiky, Cílem bakalářské práce bylo vytvořit návrh a následně realizovat model skleníku pro bytové pěstování rostlin. Práce představuje řešení problému automatizace malého skleníku pro domácí pěstování. Student se zabýval návrhem, realizací a regulací vybraných veličin skleníku. Vlastní řešení je aplikované v navrženém modelu skleníku a od dostupných komerčních řešení se liší tím, že je určen pro domácí pěstitelství a je přizpůsobený bytovým. Cíle bakalářské práce byly splněny., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Purpose: Using plastic for strawberry cultivation (so-called plasticulture) is widespread to extend cultivation, reduce weed stress and water and nutrient demand, and protect plants. We assess the environmental impacts of different plasticulture methods, including possible impacts caused by the (accidental) emission of plastics. The goals are to help farmers determine the most environmentally friendly cultivation technique and to test the inclusion of plastic pollution in life cycle assessment (LCA). Methods: An LCA is conducted for a baseline scenario without plasticulture and 11 plasticulture scenarios. The scenarios are modeled using the regionalized ecoinvent 3.8 cut-off database. The functional unit is 1 kg of strawberries of marketable quality at the farm gate produced in the year 2021. The amounts of fertilizer, irrigation, and strawberry output of the scenarios are adapted depending on the plasticulture method based on an extensive literature review. The environmental impacts are assessed using the life cycle impact assessment methods of the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) recommended by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, which is extended to account for plastic-related impacts. The impacts are normalized, weighted, and aggregated, resulting in one single impact score per scenario. Results and discussion: The scenarios using either a combination of conventional mulch film and row cover or biodegradable mulch film have the lowest total impacts; a macro tunnel or greenhouse causes the highest impacts. There seems to be no trade-off between maximizing productivity and lowering environmental impacts: the scenario with the highest yield also has one of the lowest overall impacts. Only direct emissions are considered regarding plastic pollution. Besides, the plastic pollution impact category is currently limited to the persistence of plastic in the environment and is extendable to but is not yet accounting fo

The tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) causes severe damage to tomato cultivars and has international economic importance. The harmful tobamovirus is easily mechanically transmissible and highly stable. An ongoing cultivation of infected tomato plants may lead to the spread of ToBRFV in and around the production area of the infested tomato farm. We conducted a study in which we collected a representative number of swab samples from various inanimate surfaces in greenhouses, packaging halls, and shared and private accommodations. In addition, numerous fabrics, such as outer clothing, bed linen, and items used by greenhouse workers, were tested. The infectivity of ToBRFV-contaminated surfaces was tested in bioassays using Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NN and confirmed using DAS-ELISA. The proportion of ToBRFV-contaminated surfaces varied among locations, from 48.7% in greenhouses to 0% in offices with limited access to staff. Samples from shared accommodation and private accommodation were 18.4% and 3.6% ToBRFV positive, respectively. Clothing and protective items were found to be highly contaminated with ToBRFV, and even around the sleeping area, infective ToBRFV was detected in a few apartments. This study provides evidence for the first time on how and where infectious ToBRFV can be spread by humans beyond the production area. To avoid further dissemination, strict hygiene protocols are required to interrupt transmission routes., German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Peer Reviewed

Due to decreasing land availability for agricultural use, most countries are endeavoring to find more sustainable and energy-efficient agricultural practices. Thus, achieving both United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)- SDG-2 (i.e., zero hunger) and SDG-7 (i.e., affordable and clean energy) require advances in contemporary greenhouse farming. This project aims to develop novel approaches to resolve this problem by first determining the wavelength ranges that plants require for optimum plant growth and designing a NANO- coating filter from this wavelength range that transmits only the necessary wavelength for the plant. An additional aim is to harness the solar spectral components to generate electricity using Photovoltaic (PV) technology, which enables Light Emitting Didoe (LED) light sources to be used, thus providing a more extended photoperiod. Various types of PV-based greenhouses are exploited for sustainable agriculture. However, these PV greenhouses yield diverse performances with varying uncertainties, depending on the type of solar panel used (Opaque, Semi-Transparent, Organic), its installation location (tropical, dry, and polar), the percentage of PV roof cover (ratio of PV and unshaded area), and transparency levels (light transmissivity). This imposes the risk of obtaining a higher energy yield and optimum plant biomass from the greenhouse. The selection of suitable solar panels has the direct cost-benefit of preventing land misutilization and optimizing crop growth while reducing the environmental impact. In some cases, it is also possible that the cost of integrating and replacing a solar panel could exceed the cost of the greenhouse itself. Therefore, the challenges in conjugating a portable solar power system with mini greenhouses are explored in the research, along with a summary of the emerging farming technologies. Finally, an innovative mini-greenhouse has been developed using NANO-sheet coverings and flexible mono-crystalline PV te

Drylands are predicted to become more arid with future climate change scenarios and have the potential for expansion. Invasive grasses with drought-tolerating strategies proliferate in these areas although limited resources characterize these ecosystems. Buffelgrass is a particularly invasive grass species with a high dominance in the southwestern United States. Plant-plant and plant-soil interactions could play a major role in mechanisms of invasion and could prove to be an essential link in understanding potential ecosystem alteration. However, we currently have a poor understanding of how soil microbial communities potentially enhance or obstruct invasive dominance. We used a greenhouse experiment in Tucson, Arizona to assess changes in native plant traits and soil bacterial and fungal communities in response to drought, buffelgrass presence, and their interaction. We found that buffelgrass increases its growth from growing in the presence of a native and that this effect may be mediated by increases in bacterial richness and a higher abundance of nitrogen-fixing soil microorganisms. A simulated drought had no obvious effects on plants or soil microbial communities in this experiment. Overall, plant-plant and plant-soil interactions should be integrated into the science of invasion and restoration ecology, with significant potential for mediating the effects of interacting abiotic and biotic anthropogenic stressors.

A greenhouse is structure that's erected of walls and a transparent roof. But to get the asked results there are some veritably important factors which come into a play like Temperature, Moisture, Light, and Water, which are necessary for better plant growth. It's designed to maintain regulated climatic conditions. These structures are used for the civilization of shops, fruits, and vegetables which bear a particular position of sun, temperature, moisture, and soil humidity. IOT and Arduino grounded Greenhouse Environment Monitoring and Controlling is designed to maintain these conditions in the greenhouse. Observation agrarian surroundings for varied factors similar as temperature and humidness on with indispensable factors are frequently of significance. The power to document and detail changes in parameters of interest has come more and more precious. This system helps in monitoring and controlling the climatic conditions that are favorable for the cultivation of plants. By using this system, crop growth can be bettered along with maximized yield, irrespective of the rainfall conditions.

It is universally acknowledged that climate change brings widespread attention to solar greenhouse plant carbon sequestration. Suitable technologies in solar greenhouses were, are, and will be play a leading role in this vital transition. The primary aim of this research is to examine the energy efficiency and carbon sequestration potential of a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump (SAGSHP) heating system. This hybrid system, which integrates a horizontal ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system with PVT and heat storage, can efficiently fulfill the heating demands of a greenhouse and function as a positive energy building. Four plants include cucumber, tomato, cowpea, and lettuce were selected to compare the carbon absorption effects. Results show that the hybrid system outperforms conventional systems, with a coefficient of performance (COP) of 6.71 during peak hours and PVT efficiency over 57.88%, which effectively meet the heat load of the greenhouse and keep the indoor heat comfortable. In addition, for the carbon sequestration potential of four plants, tomato exhibited the highest photosynthetic carbon sequestration of 3522 kgCO2·m−2. Cowpea showed the strongest daily carbon sequestration capacity at 26.86 gCO2m−2d−1 and better economic income. Through the application of this enhanced solar greenhouse, people can enhance the utilization of solar energy, establish flexible interaction between energy and information flow, and make a promising option for sustainable building design.

This paper presents a low-cost compact Bluetooth sensor designed to periodically measure both in and out of water the concentration of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4 and N2O. For this purpose, it has several sensors and modules connected and controlled by an Arduino Nano Every., Peer Reviewed

Supplemental lighting is necessary for winter greenhouse tomato production, and optimised spectra must consider both yield and energy use. In a 20-week winter greenhouse experiment, two common commercial tomato cultivars–‘Merlice’ and ‘Brioso’–were grown under four LED spectra with 38%, 63%, 81%, and 95% red photons. As the percentage of red photons increased, the blue and green percentages decreased (not at the same ratio). Stem length, specific leaf area, and dry mass partitioning were not significantly affected by spectra in either cultivar, but increasing the red percentage from 38% to 95% decreased harvested fruit fresh mass by 13%, total plant dry mass by 7.1%, and fruit dry mass by 9.5% in ‘Merlice’. There were no significant differences in these parameters for ‘Brioso’. The yield kWh−1 increased with increasing percent red in both cultivars because LED fixtures with higher fractions of photons from 660 nm red LEDs have higher photon efficacies (µmol J−1). The efficacies of the lamps in this study were estimated to range from 2.6 to 3.6 µmol J−1. Growers must consider tradeoffs that can occur between yield and efficacy in some cultivars, and how these factors apply to their situation, when choosing the spectrum for their greenhouse.

This paper describes the work Invernadero by the composer Diana Pérez Custodio for saxophone quartet and tape. That work is dedicated to the Fukio Ensemble and it was composed for the Women Composers Workshop of the Spanish Music Festival of Cádiz Manuel de Falla 2022., El presente artículo describe la obra Invernadero de la compositora Diana Pérez Custodio para cuarteto de saxofones y cinta. Dicha obra está dedicada a Fukio Ensemble y fue compuesta para el Taller de Compositoras del Festival de Música Española de Cádiz Manuel de Falla 2022.

World population growth, climate change, and water scarcity will increase food vulnerability, especially in developed countries. Therefore, increasing crop productivity is one of the main challenges to be addressed in the next years. In this sense, intensive horticulture will play a key role to supply the growing demand for food. In greenhouse farming in Mediterranean climates the passive control of the greenhouse ambient conditions is insufficient and, therefore, the use of active heating/cooling systems is required. The status of solar thermal, biomass, and absorption heat pump technologies makes the active management of greenhouse climate conditions technically feasible. At the same time, the utilization of solar thermal and biomass energies allows reducing, as much as possible, the consumption of natural resources and the generation of waste. In this study, we present a system based on solar thermal energy, biomass, and an air-cooled absorption chiller that are integrated to control the temperature of a greenhouse for tomato production in Mediterranean climates. The greenhouse thermal demand is firstly modelled with the TRNBuild tool and validated with real data obtained from a monitored greenhouse in southern Spain. The validated model is used to both study the system operation and determines the annual heating and cooling demands of a greenhouse with tomato crop (26.31 kW·h·m−2, and 61.97 kW·h·m−2, respectively), the energy performance of the system (solar fraction 54.92 %, and absorption chiller seasonal COP 0.624), and the annual biomass operational cost (2.70 €·m−2). This study also provides the specification of the main components (absorption chiller capacity, solar collector technology, absorbance area, biomass boiler thermal capacity, and water tank volume…)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a vegetable of high consumption in the world and particularly in Ecuador. New hybrids with better agronomic characteristics, resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic factors, and high yields are constantly being generated, so the objective of this research was to evaluate and select tomato hybrids for their agronomic characteristics and high yield potential. The experiment was implemented in a 1000 m2 greenhouse, where the treatments were arranged in a row and column experimental design with 8 treatments and 8 replications. The treatments were the tomato hybrids: E 25.33808 (Paipai), E 26.39770, E 15 B.50206 (Baikonur), E 15 B.50142 (Itaipu), E. 27.34021 (Vento), E 27.33243 (Forenza), Pietro and Alambra. The response variables were: plant height, stem diameter, and fruit weight. The results indicate that the highest tomato yield was obtained with the hybrid Alambra with an average tomato weight of 176.61 g, a hybrid that adapted well to the greenhouse conditions of Puerto la Boca. However, the Itaipu hybrid was one of the best tomatoes in terms of agronomic characteristics and market preference, and had a good plant height to stem diameter ratio., Resumen El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum), una hortaliza de alto consumo en el mundo y en particular en Ecuador. Constantemente se están generando nuevos híbridos con mejores características agronómicas, con resistencia a factores bióticos y abióticos adversos, de altos rendimientos, por lo que en la presente investigación se tuvo como objetivo evaluar y seleccionar híbridos de tomate por sus características agronómicas y su alto potencial de rendimiento. El experimento se implementó en un invernadero de 1000 m2, alojando los tratamientos en un diseño experimental de filas y columnas con 8 tratamientos y 8 repeticiones. Los tratamientos lo constituyeron los híbridos de tomate: E 25.33808 (Paipai), E 26.39770, E 15 B.50206 (Baikonur), E 15 B.50142 (Itaipu), E. 27.34021 (Vento), E 27.33243 (Forenza), Pietro y Alambra. Las variables de respuesta fueron: altura de la planta, diámetro de tallo, y peso de los frutos. Los resultados señalan que el mayor rendimiento de tomate se presentó con el híbrido Alambra con un peso de tomate de 176.61 g en promedio, un hibrido que se adaptó bien a las condiciones de invernadero de Puerto la Boca. Sin embargo, el hibrido Itaipu fue uno de los mejores tomates según las características agronómicas y de preferencia para el mercado y que presentó relación entre altura de planta y diámetro de tallo.

By 2050, when the world’s population is expected to increase by two billion people, “scarce” crops—from the massively consumed Arabica coffee bean to the popular avocado—will be genetically modified in laboratories to endure market pressure and environmental challenges to provide solutions to the impending food scarcity crisis in a post-pandemic society. The Lab Oratory envisions a highly curated agricultural landscape that converges the unviable industrial and the exclusive organic production of crops into a reconstructed future of farming. This novel “modus operandi” endeavors to reintroduce the building type of the laboratory in regards to the food industry and thus the boundaries of natural and artificial by creating a space of multidisciplinary experimentation that brings together growers and scientists. Sited in the Netherlands, in the Wageningen, is co-located with the Food Valley NL, cooperation that attempts to offer food security and enhances the existing food innovation network that expands beyond the limits of Europe. At the same time, the Lab Oratory is located in the Rhine river’s floodplain, offering the possibility to discover solutions in regards to the flooding risks that the Netherlands is facing due to climate change. The dike that surrounds the plot detaches it from the city by creating a 7-meter height difference. The laboratory’s functions are condensed across a half kilometer infrastructural line that connects the city with the river and generates different multileveled routes. Bookended by public spaces, an amphitheater and library respectively, and elevated as a pier, the infrastructural line is open to the public offering views into the experimental landscape, highlighting the transparency of different uses, to re-establish public trust in lab experimentation. The biosafety laboratories, the tissue culture rooms, the open labs, the microscopy, the botanical garden, the controlled growth facilities, the offices and meeting rooms, th, https://thesisinprogress-theberlage.nl/ Supermarket is a collective project on the spatial implications of the food industry in the Netherlands and beyond, redesigning this now considered essential architecture to entail a paradigm shift in its journey towards optimization, sustainability, and health consciousness., The Supermarket, The Berlage Post-MSc in Architecture and Urban Design

Research: Transportation of food, meat consumption, land use for agriculture, and food waste significantly impact our environment and climate change. This paper proposes a co-housing community that produces its own food on-site in Amsterdam. A plant-based diet is taken as the basis for crop selection. Different urban farming methods are described, and the most efficient ones are chosen for growing crops in the proposed building. The impact of this is analysed in terms of land use, CO2 emissions, Water use, Energy demand and Architectural, Social and Educational impact. The proposal positively affects all of the mentioned subjects except for energy use. The use of energy is increased by 7%. That can be compensated by sustainably harvesting energy. The proposed community can have a positive environmental effect and could become a new main housing typology. Design: Globally we will face water and food stress. The agricultural industries contribute 26% of all greenhouse gas emissions. 4 sub categories of these emissions are land use, meat and dairy consumption, transport and supply chain, and crop production. Besides this, food waste contributes significantly. I therefore propose to eliminate the supply chain by designing a building that produces food and houses the people that consume it. The design consists of a Plant Factory, 4 glasshouses and 100 housing units that house about 200 people. The building is self-sufficient in water, food and almost self-sufficient in energy consumption. Shared spaces are added to provide residents with a space for gathering, and learning about food production, consumption and preparation. A market and educational center are added on the ground- and first floor so that the building can become an attractor for neighbors. Here they can also learn about the value of food, and how to become self-sustaining too. Lastly, the green roof is added for additional leisure activities as well as learning about healthy and sustainable food g, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences

Scientific literature points to several models used to calculate the transpiration of vegetable crops inside a greenhouse but the results are hard to compare since different experiment setups were used. This study aimed to analyse the accuracy of four different transpiration models, Penman-Monteith, Stanghellini, Priestley-Taylor, and Takakura for the calculation of tomato transpiration inside a soilless greenhouse. By addressing this knowledge gap the outcome of this study provides a step towards more autonomy in vegetable horticulture. During the summer a three month experiment was conducted in a Venlo-type soilless greenhouse in The Netherlands. The air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and net radiation were measured inside a tomato greenhouse. Hourly transpiration data measured using a combination of sap flow sensors and lysimeters, was compared to the four different models. The Penman-Monteith and Priestley-Taylor models, intended for outdoor use, had a similar accuracy as the Stanghellini and Takakura models that are developed for Venlo-type soilless greenhouse. When comparing the models error range to the average hourly transpiration, it is found that the models are not accurate enough for irrigation scheduling. A model sensitivity analysis illustrates how changes in net radiation, temperature, humidity and wind speed affect modelled tomato transpiration. A recommendation on methods to improve model accuracy is made., Water Management

The Graduation Studio of Interiors Buildings Cities (2021-2022) investigates the possible future of the National Bank of Belgium, located in the city of Brussels. The bank as a collective system has been recently scrutinized due to persistent climate change. As Brussels is working towards a Doughnut Economy Model, the National Bank of Belgium investing in climate destructing companies is contradictory. This Graduation Project re-grounds the institution of The National Bank of Belgium to represent the environmental responsibilities that the bank caries towards society today. The co-existence of species, human and non-human, within the social and physical context of the Future Bank is investigated in this Graduation Project., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Interiors Buildings Cities

VISBO. Located on the island of Gotland, Visbo is a combination between the affordable townhouse and the sustainable Naturhus typology. This residential project intends to resolve both todays and the future demands on sustainable housing and how to create a better local community. Based on a case study of the ReGen Village, Visbo combines modern circular systems together with shared and collective spaces, forming a new townhouse typology designed to suit a wide spectrum of people. Through circular systems each building strives to become a producer of heat, energy and water. Large greenhouses make brief interruptions in the long row of townhouses, enabling new sources of light while blending inside, outside, private and collective. The greenhouse serves both as an extension of the private home as well as a connector between the different residences. Offering a shared space for social activities, farming and relaxation during an extended period of the year. Each greenhouse also has a separated area towards the street, dedicated to hold various communal functions such as shared workshops, home offices, a gym or a sauna. This new generation of townhouses offers a comfortable, affordable and sustainable way of life with a long-lasting perspective that cares for its inhabitants and our future.