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It was achieved to improve agro physical properties of soil by forming of 22, 41-52,92t/ha green biomass of pea, chick pea, rape and barley when sown asgreen manure as well as tilling it into soil insummer July 10 wheat freed areas, and autumn October 10 cotton freed areas. With a 10-0,25 mm sized of macro aggregates portion was over 2,96-6,9 % in 0,20 cm of soil layer in summer green manure variant and it was over 2,37-6,41 %autumn green manure applied variants comparatively to control without green manure. In 20-40cm of soil layer the portion of macro aggregates differs from the tilling layer, and makes up 69,04 %-68,72%in control variant -without green manure when applied summer and autumn green manure variants, if these indicators are between 71,31-73,53 %; 70,59-73,0 %, it provides soil grainy, serves to increase of the mass of soil and increases soil fertility as well.

It was achieved to improve agro physical properties of soil by forming of 22, 41-52,92t/ha green biomass of pea, chick pea, rape and barley when sown asgreen manure as well as tilling it into soil insummer July 10 wheat freed areas, and autumn October 10 cotton freed areas. With a 10-0,25 mm sized of macro aggregates portion was over 2,96-6,9 % in 0,20 cm of soil layer in summer green manure variant and it was over 2,37-6,41 %autumn green manure applied variants comparatively to control without green manure. In 20-40cm of soil layer the portion of macro aggregates differs from the tilling layer, and makes up 69,04 %-68,72%in control variant -without green manure when applied summer and autumn green manure variants, if these indicators are between 71,31-73,53 %; 70,59-73,0 %, it provides soil grainy, serves to increase of the mass of soil and increases soil fertility as well.

It was achieved to improve agro physical properties of soil by forming of 22, 41-52,92t/ha green biomass of pea, chick pea, rape and barley when sown asgreen manure as well as tilling it into soil insummer July 10 wheat freed areas, and autumn October 10 cotton freed areas. With a 10-0,25 mm sized of macro aggregates portion was over 2,96-6,9 % in 0,20 cm of soil layer in summer green manure variant and it was over 2,37-6,41 %autumn green manure applied variants comparatively to control without green manure. In 20-40cm of soil layer the portion of macro aggregates differs from the tilling layer, and makes up 69,04 %-68,72%in control variant -without green manure when applied summer and autumn green manure variants, if these indicators are between 71,31-73,53 %; 70,59-73,0 %, it provides soil grainy, serves to increase of the mass of soil and increases soil fertility as well.

It was achieved to improve agro physical properties of soil by forming of 22, 41-52,92t/ha green biomass of pea, chick pea, rape and barley when sown asgreen manure as well as tilling it into soil insummer July 10 wheat freed areas, and autumn October 10 cotton freed areas. With a 10-0,25 mm sized of macro aggregates portion was over 2,96-6,9 % in 0,20 cm of soil layer in summer green manure variant and it was over 2,37-6,41 %autumn green manure applied variants comparatively to control without green manure. In 20-40cm of soil layer the portion of macro aggregates differs from the tilling layer, and makes up 69,04 %-68,72%in control variant -without green manure when applied summer and autumn green manure variants, if these indicators are between 71,31-73,53 %; 70,59-73,0 %, it provides soil grainy, serves to increase of the mass of soil and increases soil fertility as well.

It was achieved to improve agro physical properties of soil by forming of 22, 41-52,92t/ha green biomass of pea, chick pea, rape and barley when sown asgreen manure as well as tilling it into soil insummer July 10 wheat freed areas, and autumn October 10 cotton freed areas. With a 10-0,25 mm sized of macro aggregates portion was over 2,96-6,9 % in 0,20 cm of soil layer in summer green manure variant and it was over 2,37-6,41 %autumn green manure applied variants comparatively to control without green manure. In 20-40cm of soil layer the portion of macro aggregates differs from the tilling layer, and makes up 69,04 %-68,72%in control variant -without green manure when applied summer and autumn green manure variants, if these indicators are between 71,31-73,53 %; 70,59-73,0 %, it provides soil grainy, serves to increase of the mass of soil and increases soil fertility as well.

It was achieved to improve agro physical properties of soil by forming of 22, 41-52,92t/ha green biomass of pea, chick pea, rape and barley when sown asgreen manure as well as tilling it into soil insummer July 10 wheat freed areas, and autumn October 10 cotton freed areas. With a 10-0,25 mm sized of macro aggregates portion was over 2,96-6,9 % in 0,20 cm of soil layer in summer green manure variant and it was over 2,37-6,41 %autumn green manure applied variants comparatively to control without green manure. In 20-40cm of soil layer the portion of macro aggregates differs from the tilling layer, and makes up 69,04 %-68,72%in control variant -without green manure when applied summer and autumn green manure variants, if these indicators are between 71,31-73,53 %; 70,59-73,0 %, it provides soil grainy, serves to increase of the mass of soil and increases soil fertility as well.

It was achieved to improve agro physical properties of soil by forming of 22, 41-52,92t/ha green biomass of pea, chick pea, rape and barley when sown asgreen manure as well as tilling it into soil insummer July 10 wheat freed areas, and autumn October 10 cotton freed areas. With a 10-0,25 mm sized of macro aggregates portion was over 2,96-6,9 % in 0,20 cm of soil layer in summer green manure variant and it was over 2,37-6,41 %autumn green manure applied variants comparatively to control without green manure. In 20-40cm of soil layer the portion of macro aggregates differs from the tilling layer, and makes up 69,04 %-68,72%in control variant -without green manure when applied summer and autumn green manure variants, if these indicators are between 71,31-73,53 %; 70,59-73,0 %, it provides soil grainy, serves to increase of the mass of soil and increases soil fertility as well.

It was achieved to improve agro physical properties of soil by forming of 22, 41-52,92t/ha green biomass of pea, chick pea, rape and barley when sown asgreen manure as well as tilling it into soil insummer July 10 wheat freed areas, and autumn October 10 cotton freed areas. With a 10-0,25 mm sized of macro aggregates portion was over 2,96-6,9 % in 0,20 cm of soil layer in summer green manure variant and it was over 2,37-6,41 %autumn green manure applied variants comparatively to control without green manure. In 20-40cm of soil layer the portion of macro aggregates differs from the tilling layer, and makes up 69,04 %-68,72%in control variant -without green manure when applied summer and autumn green manure variants, if these indicators are between 71,31-73,53 %; 70,59-73,0 %, it provides soil grainy, serves to increase of the mass of soil and increases soil fertility as well.

Біологічне землеробство з’явилось у першій половині ХХ сторіччя як відповідна реакція на так звану зелену революцію, з усіма наслідками, що випливають з неї: хімізація, інтенсифікація, генна інженерія. Тому біологічним прийнято вважати таке сільськогосподарське виробництво, яке ведеться в гармонії з природою, відповідним чином сертифіковане та має маркування, що виключає використання будь-яких синтетичних чи генетично модифікованих компонентів. Мета досліджень полягає у виявленні впливу систем удобрення на якість насіння вівса і особливості його ростових процесів при біологізації землеробства., Biological farming appeared in the first half of the 20th century as an adequate response to the so-called ‘green revolution’ with all the consequences resulting from it: chemicalization, intensification and gene engineering. It is therefore accepted to consider as biological such farming industry which is managed in harmony with the natural environment, is accordingly certified and bears marking that excludes the use of any synthetic or genetically modified components. The purpose of the research is to reveal the influence of fertilizer application systems on the quality of oat seed and special features of its growth processes under biological farming development.

Біологічне землеробство з’явилось у першій половині ХХ сторіччя як відповідна реакція на так звану зелену революцію, з усіма наслідками, що випливають з неї: хімізація, інтенсифікація, генна інженерія. Тому біологічним прийнято вважати таке сільськогосподарське виробництво, яке ведеться в гармонії з природою, відповідним чином сертифіковане та має маркування, що виключає використання будь-яких синтетичних чи генетично модифікованих компонентів. Мета досліджень полягає у виявленні впливу систем удобрення на якість насіння вівса і особливості його ростових процесів при біологізації землеробства., Biological farming appeared in the first half of the 20th century as an adequate response to the so-called ‘green revolution’ with all the consequences resulting from it: chemicalization, intensification and gene engineering. It is therefore accepted to consider as biological such farming industry which is managed in harmony with the natural environment, is accordingly certified and bears marking that excludes the use of any synthetic or genetically modified components. The purpose of the research is to reveal the influence of fertilizer application systems on the quality of oat seed and special features of its growth processes under biological farming development.

In terms of model experiment by direct biotesting the impact of allelopathic active substances of white sweet clover, white mustard, oil radish, spring vetch, and buckwheat on winter wheat is determined. It is shown that on the energy of seed germination of winter crops water extracts of green manure crops had the inhibitory effect. Energy of seed germination against the background of white sweet clover extracts was 6 times lower than in the variant with distilled water. Similarity of winter wheat in the control variant was 91.9 % and remained almost the same on a background of water extracts of buckwheat (91.6 %). Extracts of oil radish and white mustard resulted in an increase in similarity to 95.0 % while white clover and spring vetch lowered this indicator according to 81.7 and 85.0 %. Water extracts from biomass of white mustard, oil radish, spring vetch and buckwheat stimulated the growth and development of winter wheat seedlings, ones of white sweet clover showed allelopathic oppression. Toxic or stimulating effect of green manure crops at the time of sowing winter wheat in the field is not observed., В умовах модельного досліду встановлено методом прямого біотестування вплив алелопатично активних речовин з буркуну білого, гірчиці білої, редьки олійної, вики ярої та гречки на пшеницю озиму. Вказано, що на енергію проростання насіння озимини водні витяжки сидеральних культур мали пригнічуваний ефект. Енергія проростання на фоні витяжок з буркуну білого була в 6 разів нижчою, ніж у варіанті з дистильованою водою. Схожість пшениці озимої у контрольному варіанті склала 91,9 % і майже такою ж залишалася на фоні водних витяжок з гречки (91,6 %). Екстракти з редьки олійної та гірчиці білої зумовили збільшення схожості до 95,0 %, в той час як буркун білий та вика яра знизили цей показник, відповідно, до 81,7 і 85,0 %. Водні витяжки з біомаси гірчиці білої, редьки олійної, вики ярої та гречки стимулювали ріст й розвиток проростків пшениці озимої, з буркуну білого – проявляли алелопатичне пригнічення.

Дослідження проведено у ботанічному саду Житомирського національного агроекологічного університету на дерновому глибокому глеюватому середньосуглинковому ґрунті. Визначення інтенсивності дихання та емісії СО2 із ґрунту здійснювали на основі камерного статичного методу з допомогою інфрачервоного сенсору. Висвітлено підходи до оцінки дихання ґрунту, залежно від продуктивності сидеральних культур умовах Полісся України. Встановлено ряд сидеральних трав за величиною рівня інтенсивності дихання ґрунту (ІДГ) (мг/м2/хв.): редька олійна 73,7 – пелюшка польова 42,0 – пажитниця багатоквіткова 39,2 – люпин вузьколистий 35,6. Визначено зв’язок між інтенсивністю ґрунтового дихання та величиною наземної рослинної маси сидеральних культур у фазу цвітіння. Коефіцієнти кореляції (r) становлять: редька 0,62 (середній ступінь), пелюшка 0,62 (середній ступінь), пажитниця 0,46 (середній ступінь), люпин 0,93 (дуже високий ступінь). Запропоновано шляхи призупинення підвищення концентрації СО2 в атмосфері., The research was conducted in the Botanical garden of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University on sod deep gleyic medium loamy soil. Determination of the intensity of respiration CO2 and emissions of soil was carried out on the basis of chamber static method with an infrared sensor. The approaches to assessing of soil respiration were described, depending on the productivity of green manure crops in the Polissya of Ukraine. A number of green manure herbs on the index of intensity of soil respiration (IDH) (mg/m2/minute) was determined, namely: Rafanus sativum var. Oleifera 73,7 – Pisum arvense L. 42,0 – Lolium multiflo 39,2 – Lupinus angustifolius 35,6. The relationship between the intensity of soil respiration and the size of land mass of green manure crops in flowering phase was defined. The correlation coefficients (r) are: Rafanus sativum var. Oleifera 0,62 (medium degree), Pisum arvense 0.62 (medium degree), Loliummultiflo 0.46 (medium degree), Lupinus angustifolius 0.93 (very high degree). Ways of suspension of increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere.

In terms of model experiment by direct biotesting the impact of allelopathic active substances of white sweet clover, white mustard, oil radish, spring vetch, and buckwheat on winter wheat is determined. It is shown that on the energy of seed germination of winter crops water extracts of green manure crops had the inhibitory effect. Energy of seed germination against the background of white sweet clover extracts was 6 times lower than in the variant with distilled water. Similarity of winter wheat in the control variant was 91.9 % and remained almost the same on a background of water extracts of buckwheat (91.6 %). Extracts of oil radish and white mustard resulted in an increase in similarity to 95.0 % while white clover and spring vetch lowered this indicator according to 81.7 and 85.0 %. Water extracts from biomass of white mustard, oil radish, spring vetch and buckwheat stimulated the growth and development of winter wheat seedlings, ones of white sweet clover showed allelopathic oppression. Toxic or stimulating effect of green manure crops at the time of sowing winter wheat in the field is not observed., В умовах модельного досліду встановлено методом прямого біотестування вплив алелопатично активних речовин з буркуну білого, гірчиці білої, редьки олійної, вики ярої та гречки на пшеницю озиму. Вказано, що на енергію проростання насіння озимини водні витяжки сидеральних культур мали пригнічуваний ефект. Енергія проростання на фоні витяжок з буркуну білого була в 6 разів нижчою, ніж у варіанті з дистильованою водою. Схожість пшениці озимої у контрольному варіанті склала 91,9 % і майже такою ж залишалася на фоні водних витяжок з гречки (91,6 %). Екстракти з редьки олійної та гірчиці білої зумовили збільшення схожості до 95,0 %, в той час як буркун білий та вика яра знизили цей показник, відповідно, до 81,7 і 85,0 %. Водні витяжки з біомаси гірчиці білої, редьки олійної, вики ярої та гречки стимулювали ріст й розвиток проростків пшениці озимої, з буркуну білого – проявляли алелопатичне пригнічення.

Біологічне землеробство з’явилось у першій половині ХХ сторіччя як відповідна реакція на так звану зелену революцію, з усіма наслідками, що випливають з неї: хімізація, інтенсифікація, генна інженерія. Тому біологічним прийнято вважати таке сільськогосподарське виробництво, яке ведеться в гармонії з природою, відповідним чином сертифіковане та має маркування, що виключає використання будь-яких синтетичних чи генетично модифікованих компонентів. Мета досліджень полягає у виявленні впливу систем удобрення на якість насіння вівса і особливості його ростових процесів при біологізації землеробства., Biological farming appeared in the first half of the 20th century as an adequate response to the so-called ‘green revolution’ with all the consequences resulting from it: chemicalization, intensification and gene engineering. It is therefore accepted to consider as biological such farming industry which is managed in harmony with the natural environment, is accordingly certified and bears marking that excludes the use of any synthetic or genetically modified components. The purpose of the research is to reveal the influence of fertilizer application systems on the quality of oat seed and special features of its growth processes under biological farming development.

Біологічне землеробство з’явилось у першій половині ХХ сторіччя як відповідна реакція на так звану зелену революцію, з усіма наслідками, що випливають з неї: хімізація, інтенсифікація, генна інженерія. Тому біологічним прийнято вважати таке сільськогосподарське виробництво, яке ведеться в гармонії з природою, відповідним чином сертифіковане та має маркування, що виключає використання будь-яких синтетичних чи генетично модифікованих компонентів. Мета досліджень полягає у виявленні впливу систем удобрення на якість насіння вівса і особливості його ростових процесів при біологізації землеробства., Biological farming appeared in the first half of the 20th century as an adequate response to the so-called ‘green revolution’ with all the consequences resulting from it: chemicalization, intensification and gene engineering. It is therefore accepted to consider as biological such farming industry which is managed in harmony with the natural environment, is accordingly certified and bears marking that excludes the use of any synthetic or genetically modified components. The purpose of the research is to reveal the influence of fertilizer application systems on the quality of oat seed and special features of its growth processes under biological farming development.

Дослідження проведено у ботанічному саду Житомирського національного агроекологічного університету на дерновому глибокому глеюватому середньосуглинковому ґрунті. Визначення інтенсивності дихання та емісії СО2 із ґрунту здійснювали на основі камерного статичного методу з допомогою інфрачервоного сенсору. Висвітлено підходи до оцінки дихання ґрунту, залежно від продуктивності сидеральних культур умовах Полісся України. Встановлено ряд сидеральних трав за величиною рівня інтенсивності дихання ґрунту (ІДГ) (мг/м2/хв.): редька олійна 73,7 – пелюшка польова 42,0 – пажитниця багатоквіткова 39,2 – люпин вузьколистий 35,6. Визначено зв’язок між інтенсивністю ґрунтового дихання та величиною наземної рослинної маси сидеральних культур у фазу цвітіння. Коефіцієнти кореляції (r) становлять: редька 0,62 (середній ступінь), пелюшка 0,62 (середній ступінь), пажитниця 0,46 (середній ступінь), люпин 0,93 (дуже високий ступінь). Запропоновано шляхи призупинення підвищення концентрації СО2 в атмосфері., The research was conducted in the Botanical garden of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University on sod deep gleyic medium loamy soil. Determination of the intensity of respiration CO2 and emissions of soil was carried out on the basis of chamber static method with an infrared sensor. The approaches to assessing of soil respiration were described, depending on the productivity of green manure crops in the Polissya of Ukraine. A number of green manure herbs on the index of intensity of soil respiration (IDH) (mg/m2/minute) was determined, namely: Rafanus sativum var. Oleifera 73,7 – Pisum arvense L. 42,0 – Lolium multiflo 39,2 – Lupinus angustifolius 35,6. The relationship between the intensity of soil respiration and the size of land mass of green manure crops in flowering phase was defined. The correlation coefficients (r) are: Rafanus sativum var. Oleifera 0,62 (medium degree), Pisum arvense 0.62 (medium degree), Loliummultiflo 0.46 (medium degree), Lupinus angustifolius 0.93 (very high degree). Ways of suspension of increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere.

Дослідження проведено у ботанічному саду Житомирського національного агроекологічного університету на дерновому глибокому глеюватому середньосуглинковому ґрунті. Визначення інтенсивності дихання та емісії СО2 із ґрунту здійснювали на основі камерного статичного методу з допомогою інфрачервоного сенсору. Висвітлено підходи до оцінки дихання ґрунту, залежно від продуктивності сидеральних культур умовах Полісся України. Встановлено ряд сидеральних трав за величиною рівня інтенсивності дихання ґрунту (ІДГ) (мг/м2/хв.): редька олійна 73,7 – пелюшка польова 42,0 – пажитниця багатоквіткова 39,2 – люпин вузьколистий 35,6. Визначено зв’язок між інтенсивністю ґрунтового дихання та величиною наземної рослинної маси сидеральних культур у фазу цвітіння. Коефіцієнти кореляції (r) становлять: редька 0,62 (середній ступінь), пелюшка 0,62 (середній ступінь), пажитниця 0,46 (середній ступінь), люпин 0,93 (дуже високий ступінь). Запропоновано шляхи призупинення підвищення концентрації СО2 в атмосфері., The research was conducted in the Botanical garden of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University on sod deep gleyic medium loamy soil. Determination of the intensity of respiration CO2 and emissions of soil was carried out on the basis of chamber static method with an infrared sensor. The approaches to assessing of soil respiration were described, depending on the productivity of green manure crops in the Polissya of Ukraine. A number of green manure herbs on the index of intensity of soil respiration (IDH) (mg/m2/minute) was determined, namely: Rafanus sativum var. Oleifera 73,7 – Pisum arvense L. 42,0 – Lolium multiflo 39,2 – Lupinus angustifolius 35,6. The relationship between the intensity of soil respiration and the size of land mass of green manure crops in flowering phase was defined. The correlation coefficients (r) are: Rafanus sativum var. Oleifera 0,62 (medium degree), Pisum arvense 0.62 (medium degree), Loliummultiflo 0.46 (medium degree), Lupinus angustifolius 0.93 (very high degree). Ways of suspension of increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere.

Дослідження проведено у ботанічному саду Житомирського національного агроекологічного університету на дерновому глибокому глеюватому середньосуглинковому ґрунті. Визначення інтенсивності дихання та емісії СО2 із ґрунту здійснювали на основі камерного статичного методу з допомогою інфрачервоного сенсору. Висвітлено підходи до оцінки дихання ґрунту, залежно від продуктивності сидеральних культур умовах Полісся України. Встановлено ряд сидеральних трав за величиною рівня інтенсивності дихання ґрунту (ІДГ) (мг/м2/хв.): редька олійна 73,7 – пелюшка польова 42,0 – пажитниця багатоквіткова 39,2 – люпин вузьколистий 35,6. Визначено зв’язок між інтенсивністю ґрунтового дихання та величиною наземної рослинної маси сидеральних культур у фазу цвітіння. Коефіцієнти кореляції (r) становлять: редька 0,62 (середній ступінь), пелюшка 0,62 (середній ступінь), пажитниця 0,46 (середній ступінь), люпин 0,93 (дуже високий ступінь). Запропоновано шляхи призупинення підвищення концентрації СО2 в атмосфері., The research was conducted in the Botanical garden of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University on sod deep gleyic medium loamy soil. Determination of the intensity of respiration CO2 and emissions of soil was carried out on the basis of chamber static method with an infrared sensor. The approaches to assessing of soil respiration were described, depending on the productivity of green manure crops in the Polissya of Ukraine. A number of green manure herbs on the index of intensity of soil respiration (IDH) (mg/m2/minute) was determined, namely: Rafanus sativum var. Oleifera 73,7 – Pisum arvense L. 42,0 – Lolium multiflo 39,2 – Lupinus angustifolius 35,6. The relationship between the intensity of soil respiration and the size of land mass of green manure crops in flowering phase was defined. The correlation coefficients (r) are: Rafanus sativum var. Oleifera 0,62 (medium degree), Pisum arvense 0.62 (medium degree), Loliummultiflo 0.46 (medium degree), Lupinus angustifolius 0.93 (very high degree). Ways of suspension of increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere.

Біологічне землеробство з’явилось у першій половині ХХ сторіччя як відповідна реакція на так звану зелену революцію, з усіма наслідками, що випливають з неї: хімізація, інтенсифікація, генна інженерія. Тому біологічним прийнято вважати таке сільськогосподарське виробництво, яке ведеться в гармонії з природою, відповідним чином сертифіковане та має маркування, що виключає використання будь-яких синтетичних чи генетично модифікованих компонентів. Мета досліджень полягає у виявленні впливу систем удобрення на якість насіння вівса і особливості його ростових процесів при біологізації землеробства., Biological farming appeared in the first half of the 20th century as an adequate response to the so-called ‘green revolution’ with all the consequences resulting from it: chemicalization, intensification and gene engineering. It is therefore accepted to consider as biological such farming industry which is managed in harmony with the natural environment, is accordingly certified and bears marking that excludes the use of any synthetic or genetically modified components. The purpose of the research is to reveal the influence of fertilizer application systems on the quality of oat seed and special features of its growth processes under biological farming development.

In terms of model experiment by direct biotesting the impact of allelopathic active substances of white sweet clover, white mustard, oil radish, spring vetch, and buckwheat on winter wheat is determined. It is shown that on the energy of seed germination of winter crops water extracts of green manure crops had the inhibitory effect. Energy of seed germination against the background of white sweet clover extracts was 6 times lower than in the variant with distilled water. Similarity of winter wheat in the control variant was 91.9 % and remained almost the same on a background of water extracts of buckwheat (91.6 %). Extracts of oil radish and white mustard resulted in an increase in similarity to 95.0 % while white clover and spring vetch lowered this indicator according to 81.7 and 85.0 %. Water extracts from biomass of white mustard, oil radish, spring vetch and buckwheat stimulated the growth and development of winter wheat seedlings, ones of white sweet clover showed allelopathic oppression. Toxic or stimulating effect of green manure crops at the time of sowing winter wheat in the field is not observed., В умовах модельного досліду встановлено методом прямого біотестування вплив алелопатично активних речовин з буркуну білого, гірчиці білої, редьки олійної, вики ярої та гречки на пшеницю озиму. Вказано, що на енергію проростання насіння озимини водні витяжки сидеральних культур мали пригнічуваний ефект. Енергія проростання на фоні витяжок з буркуну білого була в 6 разів нижчою, ніж у варіанті з дистильованою водою. Схожість пшениці озимої у контрольному варіанті склала 91,9 % і майже такою ж залишалася на фоні водних витяжок з гречки (91,6 %). Екстракти з редьки олійної та гірчиці білої зумовили збільшення схожості до 95,0 %, в той час як буркун білий та вика яра знизили цей показник, відповідно, до 81,7 і 85,0 %. Водні витяжки з біомаси гірчиці білої, редьки олійної, вики ярої та гречки стимулювали ріст й розвиток проростків пшениці озимої, з буркуну білого – проявляли алелопатичне пригнічення.

Two studies were conducted at CPU campus, Iloilo City from October 2009 to April 2010. The first one compared the effects of IMO-5, commercial compost, leaf green manures and inorganic fertilizer. Plants without fertilizer served as basis for comparison. The second study evaluated the growth and yield of pechay and lettuce in pots with residual fertilizer. Pechay was used instead of cabbage because of its shorter growth period than cabbage. The treatments consisted of acacia (Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr.) (T1), ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) (T2), and madre de cacao (Gliricidia sepium) (Jacq.) Walp.) (T3) leaf manures, IMO-5 (T4), and commercial compost (T5). The inorganic fertilized (T6) and unfertilized (T7) plants served as positive and negative controls, respectively. These were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results from the first study showed significantly most leaves from fertilized lettuce except those added with madre de cacao. Likewise in cabbage, the fertilized plants were significantly taller and produced significantly more leaves than the unfertilized. Lettuce and cabbage with inorganic fertilizer, however, recorded the highest return on investment (ROI) of 89% and 125%, respectively. Results from the second study revealed that lettuce grown in soil with residues of green manures and commercial organic fertilizers had more leaves, were taller, and out yielded the unfertilized plants and those previously applied with inorganic fertilizer. Results further showed that pechay with different manures had statistically similar leaf count and height but had significantly outperformed those with inorganic fertilizer (T6) and without fertilizer (T7). However, lettuce and pechay with residues of compost (T5) showed the highest ROI of 411% and 318%, respectively. Based on the results of the first study

This PowerPoint summarizes the research and training activities of SANREM’s regional project in Kenya and Uganda. It provides background information on the project’s sites in Kapchorwa, Uganda and Bungoma, Kenya. It summarizes research findings related to presence of weeds, soil organic matter, crop residue utilization, penetration resistance, trace gases, and household characteristics by district.

Forage Legumes are characterized by having seeds in pods with compound leaves and their roots have symbiotic relationship with bacteria which allow nitrogen fixation in the atmosphere. legumes are rich in protein which contain desirable amino acid in their foliage and seeds. Forage legumes were integrated as component in conservation agriculture throughout the wold which provide feed for livestock, as green manure and used as soil conservation measure providing soil cover. Thus, selecting and appropriate forage legume is essential to maximize the benefit of Conservation Production System (CAPS).

This PowerPoint summarizes the research and training activities of SANREM’s regional project in the Central Plateau Haiti. The presentation describes a baseline survey conducted at the beginning of the project that discerns smallholder characteristics which drive adoption and reveals existing soil conservation practices. It describes findings from from bean cultivar evaluations, maize cultivar evaluations, studies of maize yields under conservation agriculture, and weed populations under different cover crops. The author concludes that conservation agriculture can be an improved production system in the Central Plateau of Haiti.

This poster provides a brief description of a study on the use of forage herbaceous legumes in conservation agriculture production systems.

The conventional use inorganic fertilizers is expensive and growers are looking towards alternative inputs such as compost, manures, and crop residues to improve/maintain soil fertility. There is a need to improve nutrient management by eggplant growers to manage inputs more efficiently. The use of vermicompost and worm juice is becoming popular issue as part of integrated nutrient and pest management in vegetables particularly in Solanaceous Crops. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is cultivated for the immature fruits which are either roasted, fried, stuffed, cooked pickled or processed. Young fruits are also eaten raw.

Our project conducted multi-year cropping system experiments in two sub-watersheds in Ecuador: a pasture-potato system in the Illangama (3400 m), and a beans-maize system in the Alumbre (2000 m). All experiments included treatments involving tillage, crop residue management and fertilizer inputs. Here we report on yields, nutrient removal and uptake in these CAPS experiments.

This PowerPoint summarizes the research and training activities of SANREM’s regional project in Ghana and Mali. The top six findings from each country are reported and described with detailed data. These research results discuss tied ridges, minimal tillage, fertilizer application, crop rotations, phosphorous nutrition, gentoypes, contour ridging and crop residues.

Two studies were conducted at CPU campus, Iloilo City from October 2009 to April 2010. The first one compared the effects of IMO-5, commercial compost, leaf green manures and inorganic fertilizer. Plants without fertilizer served as basis for comparison. The second study evaluated the growth and yield of pechay and lettuce in pots with residual fertilizer. Pechay was used instead of cabbage because of its shorter growth period than cabbage. The treatments consisted of acacia (Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr.) (T1), ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) (T2), and madre de cacao (Gliricidia sepium) (Jacq.) Walp.) (T3) leaf manures, IMO-5 (T4), and commercial compost (T5). The inorganic fertilized (T6) and unfertilized (T7) plants served as positive and negative controls, respectively. These were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results from the first study showed significantly most leaves from fertilized lettuce except those added with madre de cacao. Likewise in cabbage, the fertilized plants were significantly taller and produced significantly more leaves than the unfertilized. Lettuce and cabbage with inorganic fertilizer, however, recorded the highest return on investment (ROI) of 89% and 125%, respectively. Results from the second study revealed that lettuce grown in soil with residues of green manures and commercial organic fertilizers had more leaves, were taller, and out yielded the unfertilized plants and those previously applied with inorganic fertilizer. Results further showed that pechay with different manures had statistically similar leaf count and height but had significantly outperformed those with inorganic fertilizer (T6) and without fertilizer (T7). However, lettuce and pechay with residues of compost (T5) showed the highest ROI of 411% and 318%, respectively. Based on the results of the first study

This PowerPoint summarizes the research and training activities of SANREM’s regional project in Kenya and Uganda. It provides background information on the project’s sites in Kapchorwa, Uganda and Bungoma, Kenya. It summarizes research findings related to presence of weeds, soil organic matter, crop residue utilization, penetration resistance, trace gases, and household characteristics by district.

Forage Legumes are characterized by having seeds in pods with compound leaves and their roots have symbiotic relationship with bacteria which allow nitrogen fixation in the atmosphere. legumes are rich in protein which contain desirable amino acid in their foliage and seeds. Forage legumes were integrated as component in conservation agriculture throughout the wold which provide feed for livestock, as green manure and used as soil conservation measure providing soil cover. Thus, selecting and appropriate forage legume is essential to maximize the benefit of Conservation Production System (CAPS).

This PowerPoint summarizes the research and training activities of SANREM’s regional project in the Central Plateau Haiti. The presentation describes a baseline survey conducted at the beginning of the project that discerns smallholder characteristics which drive adoption and reveals existing soil conservation practices. It describes findings from from bean cultivar evaluations, maize cultivar evaluations, studies of maize yields under conservation agriculture, and weed populations under different cover crops. The author concludes that conservation agriculture can be an improved production system in the Central Plateau of Haiti.

This poster provides a brief description of a study on the use of forage herbaceous legumes in conservation agriculture production systems.

The conventional use inorganic fertilizers is expensive and growers are looking towards alternative inputs such as compost, manures, and crop residues to improve/maintain soil fertility. There is a need to improve nutrient management by eggplant growers to manage inputs more efficiently. The use of vermicompost and worm juice is becoming popular issue as part of integrated nutrient and pest management in vegetables particularly in Solanaceous Crops. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is cultivated for the immature fruits which are either roasted, fried, stuffed, cooked pickled or processed. Young fruits are also eaten raw.

Our project conducted multi-year cropping system experiments in two sub-watersheds in Ecuador: a pasture-potato system in the Illangama (3400 m), and a beans-maize system in the Alumbre (2000 m). All experiments included treatments involving tillage, crop residue management and fertilizer inputs. Here we report on yields, nutrient removal and uptake in these CAPS experiments.

This PowerPoint summarizes the research and training activities of SANREM’s regional project in Ghana and Mali. The top six findings from each country are reported and described with detailed data. These research results discuss tied ridges, minimal tillage, fertilizer application, crop rotations, phosphorous nutrition, gentoypes, contour ridging and crop residues.

The objectives of the study were to determine the growth and yield and profitability of growing potted cabbage, cauliflower, and lettuce as influenced by different green plant and animal manures. The seven experimental treatments included leaf manure of kamachile (Pithecellobium dulce), ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala), madre de cacao (Gliricidia sepium); poultry manure, commercial compost, inorganic fertilizer, and the control (without fertilizer). These treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results revealed that all agronomic characteristics of the three crops were significantly (p <0.05) affected by the different manures applied. The data show that the growth and yield of lettuce, cabbage, and cauliflower fertilized with kamachile manure, ipil-ipil manure, madre de cacao, poultry manure, and inorganic fertilizer were significantly better than those of plants which were either unfertilized or fertilized with commercial compost. Cost and return analysis indicated that among the different manures in lettuce, ipil-ipil manure resulted in the highest ROI (Return on investment) of 103.71%. That of the unfertilized plants was - 70.10%. In cabbage, only the addition of poultry manure gave a positive ROI (38.28 %). All the other treatments gave a negative ROI (-14.45% to -100%). The negative ROI indicates that the nutrients supplied by the manures are not enough to support the needs of cabbage and cauliflower for them to give economic yield.

The average subsistence maize yield in Lesotho is very low (less than 0.3 Mg/ha) due to excessive soil erosion rates, low soil fertility, high fertilizer and herbicide cost, moisture/nutrient loss from weed competition, and high labor requirements for hand weeding. The break-even yields for subsistence farmers are approximately 2 Mg/ha or approximately seven times the average yield. This study was conducted to determine the economically viable nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates, planting density, cover crop weed suppression effectiveness, and cultivation methods for maize production. The soils at the experiment site were silty clay loam and located near Mohale's Hoek. The 2009 results indicated that the most expensive smallholder farming method was the hired tractor or animal draft that used hired labor for weeding and was followed closely by likoti ('pothole' method). The most cost effective method was the use of no-till planter. Cover crops suppressed up to 90% of Common Thistle and Cape Tulip (Moraea flaccida), with Grazing Vetch (Vicia sativa) the most effective weed suppressor. Both higher N and P rates and population densities are needed because yields continued to increase at the higher fertilizer rates and population densities. Results from the first year of data suggest that cover crops will be an important component in weed control. Fertilizer N and P rates need to be increased as do the target plant populations.

The objectives of the study were to determine the growth and yield and profitability of growing potted cabbage, cauliflower, and lettuce as influenced by different green plant and animal manures. The seven experimental treatments included leaf manure of kamachile (Pithecellobium dulce), ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala), madre de cacao (Gliricidia sepium); poultry manure, commercial compost, inorganic fertilizer, and the control (without fertilizer). These treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results revealed that all agronomic characteristics of the three crops were significantly (p <0.05) affected by the different manures applied. The data show that the growth and yield of lettuce, cabbage, and cauliflower fertilized with kamachile manure, ipil-ipil manure, madre de cacao, poultry manure, and inorganic fertilizer were significantly better than those of plants which were either unfertilized or fertilized with commercial compost. Cost and return analysis indicated that among the different manures in lettuce, ipil-ipil manure resulted in the highest ROI (Return on investment) of 103.71%. That of the unfertilized plants was - 70.10%. In cabbage, only the addition of poultry manure gave a positive ROI (38.28 %). All the other treatments gave a negative ROI (-14.45% to -100%). The negative ROI indicates that the nutrients supplied by the manures are not enough to support the needs of cabbage and cauliflower for them to give economic yield.

The average subsistence maize yield in Lesotho is very low (less than 0.3 Mg/ha) due to excessive soil erosion rates, low soil fertility, high fertilizer and herbicide cost, moisture/nutrient loss from weed competition, and high labor requirements for hand weeding. The break-even yields for subsistence farmers are approximately 2 Mg/ha or approximately seven times the average yield. This study was conducted to determine the economically viable nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates, planting density, cover crop weed suppression effectiveness, and cultivation methods for maize production. The soils at the experiment site were silty clay loam and located near Mohale's Hoek. The 2009 results indicated that the most expensive smallholder farming method was the hired tractor or animal draft that used hired labor for weeding and was followed closely by likoti ('pothole' method). The most cost effective method was the use of no-till planter. Cover crops suppressed up to 90% of Common Thistle and Cape Tulip (Moraea flaccida), with Grazing Vetch (Vicia sativa) the most effective weed suppressor. Both higher N and P rates and population densities are needed because yields continued to increase at the higher fertilizer rates and population densities. Results from the first year of data suggest that cover crops will be an important component in weed control. Fertilizer N and P rates need to be increased as do the target plant populations.

This paper reviews current organic nutrient management practices and their integration with mineral fertilizers in Sub-Saharan Africa with a view to understanding the potential impacts on a range of input markets. A number of different organic nutrient management practices have been found to be technically and financially beneficial, but they differ considerably as to their effectiveness and resource requirements. A review of African smallholder experiences with integrated soil fertility management practices finds growing use, both indigenously and through participation in agricultural projects. Patterns of use vary considerably across heterogeneous agroecological conditions, communities and households, but are stimulated by profitable commercially oriented agricultural opportunities. The potential for integrated soil fertility management to expand markets for organic inputs, labor, credit, and fertilizer is explored. We found that there are few direct analyses of these links and the current indirect evidence is inconclusive.

This paper reviews current organic nutrient management practices and their integration with mineral fertilizers in Sub-Saharan Africa with a view to understanding the potential impacts on a range of input markets. A number of different organic nutrient management practices have been found to be technically and financially beneficial, but they differ considerably as to their effectiveness and resource requirements. A review of African smallholder experiences with integrated soil fertility management practices finds growing use, both indigenously and through participation in agricultural projects. Patterns of use vary considerably across heterogeneous agroecological conditions, communities and households, but are stimulated by profitable commercially oriented agricultural opportunities. The potential for integrated soil fertility management to expand markets for organic inputs, labor, credit, and fertilizer is explored. We found that there are few direct analyses of these links and the current indirect evidence is inconclusive.

Despite their concern about declining soil fertility, farmers from the Tanzanian village of Kwalei use very little mineral fertilizer to improve their crop yields. A PRA study in this benchmark site for the African Highland Initiative (AHI) revealed that although this type of input was available, it was considered too expensive for widespread use. As their livestock could not produce enough farmyard manure for their needs, farmers coped by using the leaves of certain local shrubs as green manure, which seemed to improve soil fertility when ploughed into the fields. However, although they based their soil fertility management strategies on these shrubs, researchers and extension workers did not know their scientific name or nutrient content, and it was agreed that an inventory should be made of this important local source of nutrients.

Despite their concern about declining soil fertility, farmers from the Tanzanian village of Kwalei use very little mineral fertilizer to improve their crop yields. A PRA study in this benchmark site for the African Highland Initiative (AHI) revealed that although this type of input was available, it was considered too expensive for widespread use. As their livestock could not produce enough farmyard manure for their needs, farmers coped by using the leaves of certain local shrubs as green manure, which seemed to improve soil fertility when ploughed into the fields. However, although they based their soil fertility management strategies on these shrubs, researchers and extension workers did not know their scientific name or nutrient content, and it was agreed that an inventory should be made of this important local source of nutrients.

Soil resources depletion is a wide-spread, direct threat to the sustainability of agricultural production. Dramatic changes in soil management concepts are needed to counter the threat. This manual proposes options for such changes, addressing a very broad variety of topics related to agricultural land management ranging from chemical and physical attributes of soils, soil management concepts, mechanization and tillage, mulching and green manure, erosion control and water resources management, to concepts of participative transfer of technologies.

Soil resources depletion is a wide-spread, direct threat to the sustainability of agricultural production. Dramatic changes in soil management concepts are needed to counter the threat. This manual proposes options for such changes, addressing a very broad variety of topics related to agricultural land management ranging from chemical and physical attributes of soils, soil management concepts, mechanization and tillage, mulching and green manure, erosion control and water resources management, to concepts of participative transfer of technologies.

Integrated soil management with leguminous cover crops was studied at two sites in the northern Guinea savanna zone of northern Nigeria, Kaduna (190 day growing season) and Bauchi (150 days). One-year planted fallows of mucuna, lablab, and crotalaria were compared with natural grass fallow and cowpea controls. All treatments were followed by a maize test crop in the second year with 0, 30, or 60 kg N/ha as urea. Above ground legume residues were not incorporated into the soil and most residues were burned early in the dry season at the Kaduna site. Legume rotation increased soil total N, maize growth in greenhouse pots, and dry matter and N accumulation of maize. Response of maize grain yield to 30 kg N ha1 as urea was highly significant at both sites and much greater than the response to legume rotation. The mean N fertilizer replacement value from legume rotation was 14 kg N/ha at Kaduna and 6 kg N/ha at Bauchi. W ith no N applied to the maize test crop, maize grain yield following legume fallow was 365 kg/ha higher than natural fallow at Bauchi and 235 kg/ha higher at Kaduna. The benefit of specific legume fallows to subsequent maize was mostly related to above ground N of the previous legume at Bauchi, where residues were protected from fire and grazing. At Kaduna, where fallow vegetation was burned, maize yield was related to estimated below ground N. The results show that legume rotation alone results in small maize yield increases in the dry savanna zone.

Integrated soil management with leguminous cover crops was studied at two sites in the northern Guinea savanna zone of northern Nigeria, Kaduna (190 day growing season) and Bauchi (150 days). One-year planted fallows of mucuna, lablab, and crotalaria were compared with natural grass fallow and cowpea controls. All treatments were followed by a maize test crop in the second year with 0, 30, or 60 kg N/ha as urea. Above ground legume residues were not incorporated into the soil and most residues were burned early in the dry season at the Kaduna site. Legume rotation increased soil total N, maize growth in greenhouse pots, and dry matter and N accumulation of maize. Response of maize grain yield to 30 kg N ha1 as urea was highly significant at both sites and much greater than the response to legume rotation. The mean N fertilizer replacement value from legume rotation was 14 kg N/ha at Kaduna and 6 kg N/ha at Bauchi. W ith no N applied to the maize test crop, maize grain yield following legume fallow was 365 kg/ha higher than natural fallow at Bauchi and 235 kg/ha higher at Kaduna. The benefit of specific legume fallows to subsequent maize was mostly related to above ground N of the previous legume at Bauchi, where residues were protected from fire and grazing. At Kaduna, where fallow vegetation was burned, maize yield was related to estimated below ground N. The results show that legume rotation alone results in small maize yield increases in the dry savanna zone.