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Objective: fertility is directly related to the socio-economic, political, and cultural structure of societies. Şanlıurfa is the Province with the highest fertility rate in Turkey. In Şanlıurfa, men play a decisive role regarding fertility-related issues. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine married men’s perspectives and reproductive behaviors on fertility in Şanlıurfa. Material and Method: the quantitative dimension of the study was carried out using a mixed methods approach in which 210 men were interviewed and a questionnaire was completed; the qualitative dimension was carried out through in-depth individual interviews with 8 men, using a semi-structured interview form. Analysis of the qualitative data was done using a content analysis technique. Results: in the quantitative dimension of this study, it was found that the mean number of children (3.2±2.0) in the families was high, and the most critical factor that increases the number of children was low education level (odds ratio [OR] 5.2, 95% Cl: 1.9-14.3) in men. In the qualitative dimension of this study, it was found that the most common factors increasing the number of children were "preference for male children, not knowing enough about contraceptive methods, using child labor force in agriculture, childcare being easier in an extended family." Besides, it was found that men perceive induced abortion as a sin, the crowded family as powerful, and their sons as insurance in old age. Conclusion: this study has shown that education, cultural norms, and values are instrumental in the fertility rate., NA

Objectives: this study aimed to explore healthcare providers’ perceptions of noise in the intensive care unit. Design: a qualitative exploratory study was conducted using group interviews. Setting: the setting comprised a total of 15 participants (five physicians and ten registered nurses) working in an 18-bed medical surgical intensive care unit at a teaching hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Semi-structured questions were formulated and used in focus group interviews, after which the recorded interviews were transcribed by the researchers. Thematic analysis was used to identify significant statements and initial codes. Findings: four themes were identified: the meaning of noise, sources of noise, effects of noise and prevention and management of noise. It was found that noise was an inevitable feature of the intensive care unit. The most common sources of noise were human-induced. It was also determined that device-induced noise, such as alarms, did not produce a lot of noise; however, when staff were late in responding, the sound transformed into noise. Furthermore, it was observed that efforts to decrease noise levels taken by staff had only a momentary effect, changing nothing in the long term because the entire team failed to implement any initiatives consistently. The majority of nurses stated that they were now becoming insensitive to the noise due to the constant exposure to device-induced noise. Conclusion: the data obtained from this study showed that especially human-induced noise threatened healthcare providers’ cognitive task functions, concentration and job performance, impaired communication and negatively affected patient safety. In addition, it was determined that any precautions taken to reduce noise were not fully effective. A team approach should be used in managing noise in intensive care units with better awareness.

Objectives: this study aimed to explore healthcare providers’ perceptions of noise in the intensive care unit. Design: a qualitative exploratory study was conducted using group interviews. Setting: the setting comprised a total of 15 participants (five physicians and ten registered nurses) working in an 18-bed medical surgical intensive care unit at a teaching hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Semi-structured questions were formulated and used in focus group interviews, after which the recorded interviews were transcribed by the researchers. Thematic analysis was used to identify significant statements and initial codes. Findings: four themes were identified: the meaning of noise, sources of noise, effects of noise and prevention and management of noise. It was found that noise was an inevitable feature of the intensive care unit. The most common sources of noise were human-induced. It was also determined that device-induced noise, such as alarms, did not produce a lot of noise; however, when staff were late in responding, the sound transformed into noise. Furthermore, it was observed that efforts to decrease noise levels taken by staff had only a momentary effect, changing nothing in the long term because the entire team failed to implement any initiatives consistently. The majority of nurses stated that they were now becoming insensitive to the noise due to the constant exposure to device-induced noise. Conclusion: the data obtained from this study showed that especially human-induced noise threatened healthcare providers’ cognitive task functions, concentration and job performance, impaired communication and negatively affected patient safety. In addition, it was determined that any precautions taken to reduce noise were not fully effective. A team approach should be used in managing noise in intensive care units with better awareness., NA

Compassionate care behavior requires understanding others' values, establishing relationships with them, and re-sponding to them in meaningful ways. Compassionate care has important effects on patient care quality and is an indispensable element of patient-centered care. In recent years, studies of the effects of compassion on patients in clinical care have started to emerge. However, the literature reports that the effect of compassionate care on patient care has not been clearly defined nor has it been examined sufficiently. This review describes the benefits of compassionate care reported in the literature and example cases. It classifies the benefits of compassionate care as: positive effects on patient outcomes, improving nurses' understanding of involving patients and families in care, the ability to identify the needs of patients and families, and the ability to use appropriate approaches. Reviewing the factors that affect compassionate care positively or negatively is important in terms of guiding nursing practices. That is why this study also discusses the barriers to the provision of compassionate care related to work environment and individual factors and recommendations for compassionate care. / Başkalarının acısını anlamayı ve azaltmak için harekete geçmeyi gerektiren ve son yıllarda hemşirelik literatüründe önem kazanan merhamet kavramı, bakımda da temel bir değer olarak düşünülmektedir. Merhametli bakım davranışı, başkalarının değerlerini anlamayı, onlarla ilişki kurmayı ve o kişi için anlamlı bir şekilde tepki vermeyi gerektirmektedir. Merhametli bakımın hasta bakım kalitesi üzerinde önemli etkilerinin olduğu bilinmekte ve hasta merkezli bakımın vazgeçilmez bir unsuru olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Son yıllarda klinik bakım ortamında merhametin hastalar üzerindeki etkilerini araştıran çalışmalar ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Ancak literatürde, merhametli bakımın hasta bakımı üzerindeki etkisinin açıkça tanımlanmadığı ve yeterince incelenmediği belirtilmekt, NA

Compassionate care behavior requires understanding others' values, establishing relationships with them, and re-sponding to them in meaningful ways. Compassionate care has important effects on patient care quality and is an indispensable element of patient-centered care. In recent years, studies of the effects of compassion on patients in clinical care have started to emerge. However, the literature reports that the effect of compassionate care on patient care has not been clearly defined nor has it been examined sufficiently. This review describes the benefits of compassionate care reported in the literature and example cases. It classifies the benefits of compassionate care as: positive effects on patient outcomes, improving nurses' understanding of involving patients and families in care, the ability to identify the needs of patients and families, and the ability to use appropriate approaches. Reviewing the factors that affect compassionate care positively or negatively is important in terms of guiding nursing practices. That is why this study also discusses the barriers to the provision of compassionate care related to work environment and individual factors and recommendations for compassionate care. / Başkalarının acısını anlamayı ve azaltmak için harekete geçmeyi gerektiren ve son yıllarda hemşirelik literatüründe önem kazanan merhamet kavramı, bakımda da temel bir değer olarak düşünülmektedir. Merhametli bakım davranışı, başkalarının değerlerini anlamayı, onlarla ilişki kurmayı ve o kişi için anlamlı bir şekilde tepki vermeyi gerektirmektedir. Merhametli bakımın hasta bakım kalitesi üzerinde önemli etkilerinin olduğu bilinmekte ve hasta merkezli bakımın vazgeçilmez bir unsuru olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Son yıllarda klinik bakım ortamında merhametin hastalar üzerindeki etkilerini araştıran çalışmalar ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Ancak literatürde, merhametli bakımın hasta bakımı üzerindeki etkisinin açıkça tanımlanmadığı ve yeterince incelenmediği belirtilmekt, NA

The concept of compassion inherent in the nursing profession is a significant value. It motivates nurses to act ethically and in a sensitive way while providing care. Compassion is an essential element of good nursing care. Thus, compassionate care is not only a significant part of modern patient care but also a vital function of professional nursing. Although it is known as a fundamental characteristic of nursing, there are limited data about the characteristics of compassion. More data is needed regarding whether and how often compassion is included in nursing practices. As with the concept of compassion, there are difficulties with the exact definition of compassionate care, what compassionate care behaviors include, and how provision of compassionate care can be proven or measured. This review comprehensively discusses information regarding the concept of compassion and its significance in nursing, compassionate care, and compassionate care behaviors. We also discuss measurement of compassionate care in accordance with the current literature. / Hemşirelik mesleğinin özünde bulunan merhamet kavramı, hemşireleri bakım verirken etik açıdan hassas bir şekilde davranmaya motive edici önemli bir değer olarak görülmektedir. İyi bir hemşirelik bakımı için, merhametin kaçınılmaz bir öge olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu nedenle, merhametli bakımın, modern hasta bakımının önemli bir parçası olup, aynı zamanda profesyonel hemşireliğin de hayati bir fonksiyonu olduğu söylenebilir. Ancak, hemşireliğin temel özelliklerinden biri olarak bilinmesine rağmen, merhametin özellikleri, hemşirelik uygulamalarında yer alıp almadığı ya da ne sıklıkta yer aldığı gibi konularda sınırlı veri bulunmaktadır. Merhamet kavramında olduğu gibi, merhametli bakımın da tam olarak tanımı, merhametli bakım davranışlarının neler olduğu, merhametli bakımın verildiğinin nasıl kanıtlanacağı ve ölçülebileceği gibi konularda da zorluklar olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Bu derlemede, merhamet kavramı ve hemşireliktek, NA

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The use of theory in the mental health field can be traced back before the 19th century. Later, with the detection of biological causes for the formation of mental health problems, psychosocial theories and biological approaches began to be used together. Accordingly, some authors tried to define the theoretical framework of psychiatric nursing, and it has been said that the biological and psychosocial theories used in the mental health field can also be used in the field of psychiatric nursing. This article discusses how psychiatric nurses can use the theories that constitute the framework of psychiatric nursing, and it explores this concept through the perspectives of the theories’ authors. / Ruh sağlığı alanında teorilerin kullanımı 1800’lü yılların öncesine dayanmaktadır. Daha sonra ruhsal sorunların oluşumunda biyolojik nedenlerin saptanması ile birlikte psikososyal teoriler ve biyolojik yaklaşımlar birlikte kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda bazı yazarlar tarafından psikiyatri hemşireliğinin kuramsal çerçevesi tanımlanmaya çalışılmıştır ve ruh sağlığı alanında kullanılan biyolojik ve psikososyal teorilerin psikiyatri hemşireliği alanında da kullanılabileceği ifade edilmiştir. Bu makalede, kuramsal çerçeveleri oluşturan yazarların bakış açısından, psikiyatri hemşireliğinin kuramsal çerçevesini oluşturan teorilerin psikiyatri hemşireliği alanında nasıl kullanılabileceği tartışılmıştır., NA

Unless nursing practice is not based on theoretical foundations, it is not possible to consider it as a profession. Therefore, having a theoretical approach is very important for psychiatric nursing as well as in the all other areas of the profession. In addition, nursing should have a theoretical framework to provide direction and guidance for their applications. These frameworks which consist of different theoretical approaches constitute a guidance to explain and define the problems of patients. Alongside with nursing interventions in the light of theoretical framework, nursing care can gain a scientific basis. Some authors defined theoretical frameworks considering the most effective theories for psychiatric nursing practices, and some of them form theoretical frameworks considering the theories which are known as the most widely used in psychiatric nursing practices, whereas some authors have generated theoretical frameworks through the theories that are considered as the major theories for psychiatric nursing practices. In this article; the necessity of a theoretical framework for a profession, theoretical frameworks that are defined for psychiatric nursing and of the use of theories that exists within the theoretical framework at psychiatric nursing practices have been discussed in the light of existing literature. / Hemşirelik uygulamaları, herhangi bir teorik temele dayanmadığı sürece hemşirelik profesyonel bir meslek olamaz. Bu nedenle, teori kullanımı hemşireliğin bütün alanlarında olduğu gibi psikiyatri hemşireliği için de çok önemlidir. Ayrıca hemşirelik, uygulamalarına yön vermesi ve rehberlik etmesi için bir kuramsal çerçeveye sahip olmalıdır. Farklı kuramsal yaklaşımlardan oluşan bu çerçeveler, hastaların sorunlarını açıklama ve tanımlamada rehber oluştururlar. Kuramsal çerçeve doğrultusunda yapılan hemşirelik girişimleri ile hemşirelik bakımı bilimsel bir temel kazanır. Bazı yazarlar psikiyatri hemşireliği uygulamaları için en etkili olarak kabul ed, NA