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The main aim of this study was to ascertain the removal of chromium ions from synthetic wastewater using modified maghemite nanoparticles (MNPs). Commercially available maghemite nanoparticles (NPs) (< 50 nm) were modified using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The MNPs were characterized using a powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). Statistically designed batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of various parameters, namely the pH of the solution, initial chromium concentration, and adsorbent dose, on the chromium removal efficiency (RE). The results from this study showed that the adsorbent dose had a synergistic effect on chromium RE, while pH and initial chromium concentration had antagonistic effects on the RE. An optimal chromium RE of 95.8% was obtained at pH = 2.6, adsorbent dose = 5 g/L, and initial chromium concentration = 20 mg/L. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the model was significant, with high F value (F = 80.07) and low P value (P = < 0.001). Based on the results obtained from the experiments, the MNPs could be exploited as an efficient adsorbent for chromium removal from wastewater.

The main aim of this study was to ascertain the removal of chromium ions from synthetic wastewater using modified maghemite nanoparticles (MNPs). Commercially available maghemite nanoparticles (NPs) (< 50 nm) were modified using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The MNPs were characterized using a powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). Statistically designed batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of various parameters, namely the pH of the solution, initial chromium concentration, and adsorbent dose, on the chromium removal efficiency (RE). The results from this study showed that the adsorbent dose had a synergistic effect on chromium RE, while pH and initial chromium concentration had antagonistic effects on the RE. An optimal chromium RE of 95.8% was obtained at pH = 2.6, adsorbent dose = 5 g/L, and initial chromium concentration = 20 mg/L. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the model was significant, with high F value (F = 80.07) and low P value (P = < 0.001). Based on the results obtained from the experiments, the MNPs could be exploited as an efficient adsorbent for chromium removal from wastewater.

Kata Kunci: Desain, Motif Batik, Seni Budaya, Situbondo, SMA.Salah satu produk seni dan budaya khas Indonesia yang memiliki keragaman dan daerah persebaran adalah batik. Batik merupakan salah satu warisan budaya bangsa Indonesia yang tidak diragukan lagi nilai estetik, filosofis, fungsional, dan keasliannya. Kabupaten Situbondo sebagai daerah pesisir utara Jawa Timur memiliki motif-motif batik pesisiran yang berbeda dari daerah pesisir yang lain. Pada kurikulum pembelajaran Seni Budaya siswa kelas X SMAN 1 Situbondo, materi batik hanya sebatas pemberian teori dan praktek mendesain motif batiknya sebagai usaha untuk melestarikan budaya batik daerah setempat, untuk itu perlu diungkap lebih lanjut mengenai bagaimana desain batik dengan menerapkan unsur dan prinsip desain, proses penciptaan desain dan ragam motif batik karya siswa kelas X SMAN 1 Situbondo.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan desain motif batik dalam pembelajaran Seni Budaya siswa kelas X SMAN 1 Situbondo yang didalamnya terdapat unsur-unsur desain, prinsip desain, proses penciptaan desain dan visualisasi ragam motif batik.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, berupa paparan data mengenai desain motif batik dalam pembelajaran Seni Budaya siswa kelas X SMAN 1 Situbondo yang diperoleh dari observasi langsung dan data sekunder dari berbagai sumber. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dimulai dari tahap deskripsi, analisis formal, interpretasi dan evaluasi/keputusan.Hasil penelitian ini berupa, (1) desain motif batik yang dibuat siswa kelas X menggunakan unsur-unsur desain yang berupa titik (terdapat pada isen-isen motif), garis (lurus, zig-zag, lengkung), bidang (geometrik dan non geometrik) dan warna, (2) prinsip-prinsip desain berupa prinsip kesatuan, keseimbangan, irama dan emphasis, sehingga tercipta tatanan karya yang bernilai estetis, (3) proses penciptaan desain motif batik, siswa menggunakan

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