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Kamila Osadnik,1 Tadeusz Osadnik,1,2 Marcin Delijewski,1 Mateusz Lejawa,1 Martyna Fronczek,3 RafaÅ‚ ReguÅ‚a,4 Mariusz GÄ…sior,4 Natalia Pawlas1 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; 2 2nd Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, TO, Poland; 3Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, MF, Poland; 4 3rd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, RR, PolandCorrespondence: Tadeusz OsadnikSilesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Ul. Marii SkÅ‚odowskiej-Curie 9, Zabrze 41-800, PolandTel +0048 32 373 36 19Fax +0048 32 273 26 79Email tadeusz.osadnik@sccs.plBackground and Purpose: We aimed to assess the association between calcium and phosphorous and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in normal-weight individuals.Patients and Methods: The study sample comprised 460 normal-weight (body mass index < 25kg/m2) adults aged 18– 35 years. The diagnosis of MetS was based on the presence of at least two of the following: 1) systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 85 mmHg, 2) triglycerides (TG) > 150 mg/dl, 3) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 1 mmol/in men and < 1.2 mmol/l in women, 4) total cholesterol (TC) > 5.2 mmol/l, and 5) fasting glucose (FBG) > 5.55 mmol/l.Results: Patients with MetS were more often male and slightly older and they had a higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. By definition, patients with MetS had higher levels of BP, GLC, glycated hemoglobin A1c, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TG, and apolipoprotein B but significantly lower concentrations of HDL-C and apolipoprotein A. Moreover, subjects with MetS had higher activity of