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The objective of this work consisted, fundamentally, in identifying the main success factors and the challenges to the survival of micro and small companies in the city of Ituiutaba-MG. The data used were collected through the application of 110 questionnaires with entrepreneurs in the city, who work in the commerce and services sectors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis techniques. The results allowed to identify the factors that condition the success of the studied enterprises, encompassing elements such as management practices, people management practices, financial planning and control, market intelligence, institutional support, among others. On the other hand, elements such as the economic crisis, the high tax burden, the lack of qualified labor, default, lack of working capital and difficulties with competition, were pointed out as the main challenges that are imposed on longevity and survival of small businesses studied in the local market., O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu, fundamentalmente, em identificar os principais fatores de sucesso e os desafios à sobrevivência de micro e pequenas empresas da cidade de ItuiutabaMG. Os dados utilizados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de 110 questionários junto a empreendedores da cidade, que atuam nos setores de comércio e serviços. Os dados foram analisados com base nas técnicas de estatística descritiva e análise fatorial. Os resultados permitiram identificar os fatores que condicionam o sucesso dos empreendimentos estudados, englobando elementos como práticas de gestão, práticas de gestão de pessoas, planejamento e controle financeiro, inteligência de mercado, apoio institucional, dentre outros. Já elementos como a crise econômica, a carga tributária elevada, a falta de mão-de-obra qualificada, a inadimplência, a falta de capital de giro e as dificuldades com a concorrência, foram apontados como os principais desafios que se impõem à longevidade e sobrevivência dos pequenos negócios estudados no mercado local.

There is an unmet clinical need for improved tissue and liquid biopsy tools for cancer detection. We investigated the proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) in 426 human samples from tissue explants (TEs), plasma, and other bodily fluids. Among traditional exosome markers, CD9, HSPA8, ALIX, and HSP90AB1 represent pan-EVP markers, while ACTB, MSN, and RAP1B are novel pan-EVP markers. To confirm that EVPs are ideal diagnostic tools, we analyzed proteomes of TE- (n =151) and plasma-derived (n =120) EVPs. Comparison of TE EVPs identified proteins (e.g., VCAN, TNC, and THBS2) that distinguish tumors from normal tissues with 90% sensitivity/94% specificity. Machine-learning classification of plasma-derived EVP cargo, including immunoglobulins, revealed 95% sensitivity/90% specificity in detecting cancer Finally, we defined a panel of tumor-type-specific EVP proteins in TEs and plasma, which can classify tumors of unknown primary origin. Thus, EVP proteins can serve as reliable biomarkers for cancer detection and determining cancer type.

This article aims to investigate the interconnections between poetry, citizenship and insurgence in Slam Resistência, a poetry slam that, since 2014, occurs monthly in Praça Roosevelt, a square in the center of the city of São Paulo. The article starts by mapping the origins of slam poetry and its arrival in São Paulo. It also discusses the ways in which slam poetry transforms the relationship between public, poet and poetry, redefining these terms. We argue that, by mixing oral, visual and written elements, slam poetry blurs the limits between the public and the private, the personal and the political. In Slam Resistência, the practice of insurgent citizenship happens in the center of the polis, taking up the square, occupying and resignifying public space., Este artigo investiga os entrelaçamentos entre poesia, cidadania e insurgência na São Paulo contemporânea a partir do Slam Resistência, uma batalha de poesia que acontece desde 2014, todos os meses, na Praça Roosevelt, no centro da cidade. Para tanto, dada a novidade que essa nova forma de poesia constitui, apresentaremos as origens e os percursos da slam poetry até sua chegada a São Paulo e discutiremos a forma como o slam transforma a relação entre público, poeta e poesia, redefinindo seus termos. Em seguida, veremos como, ao se afiliar simultaneamente aos suportes oral, visual e escrito, o slam mistura as esferas do público e do privado, do político e do pessoal. Dessa forma, no Slam Resistência, a prática da cidadania insurgente acontece no centro da pólis e toma a praça, ocupando e ressignificando o espaço público., Este artículo investiga los entrelazamientos entre poesía, ciudadanía y insurgencia en la São Paulo contemporánea a partir del Slam Resistência, una batalla de poesía que ocurre desde el año 2014, todos los meses en la Praça Roosevelt, en el centro de la ciudad. Dada la novedad que esta nueva forma de poesía constituye, empezaremos por presentar los orígenes y los recorridos de la slam poetry hasta su llegada a São Paulo y discutiremos la forma como el slam transforma la relación entre público, poeta y poesía, redefiniendo sus términos. Enseguida, veremos cómo, al afiliarse simultáneamente a los soportes oral, visual y escrito, el slam mezcla las esferas del público y de lo privado, de lo político y de lo personal. En Slam Resistência, la práctica de la ciudadanía insurgente ocurre en el centro de la pólis y toma la plaza, ocupando y resignificando el espacio público.

This article aims to investigate the interconnections between poetry, citizenship and insurgence in Slam Resistência, a poetry slam that, since 2014, occurs monthly in Praça Roosevelt, a square in the center of the city of São Paulo. The article starts by mapping the origins of slam poetry and its arrival in São Paulo. It also discusses the ways in which slam poetry transforms the relationship between public, poet and poetry, redefining these terms. We argue that, by mixing oral, visual and written elements, slam poetry blurs the limits between the public and the private, the personal and the political. In Slam Resistência, the practice of insurgent citizenship happens in the center of the polis, taking up the square, occupying and resignifying public space., Este artigo investiga os entrelaçamentos entre poesia, cidadania e insurgência na São Paulo contemporânea a partir do Slam Resistência, uma batalha de poesia que acontece desde 2014, todos os meses, na Praça Roosevelt, no centro da cidade. Para tanto, dada a novidade que essa nova forma de poesia constitui, apresentaremos as origens e os percursos da slam poetry até sua chegada a São Paulo e discutiremos a forma como o slam transforma a relação entre público, poeta e poesia, redefinindo seus termos. Em seguida, veremos como, ao se afiliar simultaneamente aos suportes oral, visual e escrito, o slam mistura as esferas do público e do privado, do político e do pessoal. Dessa forma, no Slam Resistência, a prática da cidadania insurgente acontece no centro da pólis e toma a praça, ocupando e ressignificando o espaço público., Este artículo investiga los entrelazamientos entre poesía, ciudadanía y insurgencia en la São Paulo contemporánea a partir del Slam Resistência, una batalla de poesía que ocurre desde el año 2014, todos los meses en la Praça Roosevelt, en el centro de la ciudad. Dada la novedad que esta nueva forma de poesía constituye, empezaremos por presentar los orígenes y los recorridos de la slam poetry hasta su llegada a São Paulo y discutiremos la forma como el slam transforma la relación entre público, poeta y poesía, redefiniendo sus términos. Enseguida, veremos cómo, al afiliarse simultáneamente a los soportes oral, visual y escrito, el slam mezcla las esferas del público y de lo privado, de lo político y de lo personal. En Slam Resistência, la práctica de la ciudadanía insurgente ocurre en el centro de la pólis y toma la plaza, ocupando y resignificando el espacio público.

There is an unmet clinical need for improved tissue and liquid biopsy tools for cancer detection. We investigated the proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) in 426 human samples from tissue explants (TEs), plasma, and other bodily fluids. Among traditional exosome markers, CD9, HSPA8, ALIX, and HSP90AB1 represent pan-EVP markers, while ACTB, MSN, and RAP1B are novel pan-EVP markers. To confirm that EVPs are ideal diagnostic tools, we analyzed proteomes of TE- (n =151) and plasma-derived (n =120) EVPs. Comparison of TE EVPs identified proteins (e.g., VCAN, TNC, and THBS2) that distinguish tumors from normal tissues with 90% sensitivity/94% specificity. Machine-learning classification of plasma-derived EVP cargo, including immunoglobulins, revealed 95% sensitivity/90% specificity in detecting cancer Finally, we defined a panel of tumor-type-specific EVP proteins in TEs and plasma, which can classify tumors of unknown primary origin. Thus, EVP proteins can serve as reliable biomarkers for cancer detection and determining cancer type., Funding Agencies|NIH Shared Instrumentation GrantUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [S10RR027699]; National Cancer InstituteUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) [CA224175, CA210240, CA232093, CA163117, CA207983, CA163120, CA169416, CA169538, CA218513, AI144301]; United States Department of DefenseUnited States Department of Defense [W81XWH-13-1-0425, W81XWH-13-1-0427, W81XWH-13-1-0249, W81XWH-14-1-0199]; Melanoma Research Alliance; Hartwell Foundation; Thompson Family Foundation; STARR Consortium [I9-A9-056, I8-A8-123]; Pediatric Oncology Experimental Therapeutics Investigators Consortium; Alexs Lemonade Stand Foundation; Breast Cancer Research Foundation; Feldstein Medical Foundation; Tortolani Foundation; Clinical & Translational Science Center; Mary Kay Ash Charitable Foundation; Malcolm Hewitt Weiner Foundation; Manning Foundation; Daniel P. and Nancy C. Paduano Family Foundation; James Paduano Foundation; Sohn Foundation; AHEPA Vth District Cancer Research Foundation; Daedalus Fund; Selma and Lawrence Ruben Science to Industry Bridge Award; Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation; Scott and Lisa Stuart Family Foundation; D10 Foundation; Susan G. Komen Postdoctoral FellowshipSusan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation [PDF15331556]; Susan G. Komen Postdoctoral Fellowship (JST PRESTO) [30021]; Susan G. Komen Postdoctoral Fellowship (JSPS KAKENHI) [JP19K23743]; National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea [2019R1C1C1006709, 2018R1A5A2025079]; Severance Hospital Research fund for Clinical Excellence [C-2019-0026]; Yonsei University College of Medicine [6-2019-0090]; Daewoong Foundation Research Grant; Swedish Cancer Society Pancreatic Cancer Fellowship; Lions International Postdoctoral fellowship; Sweden-America stipend; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Metastasis and Tumor

The development of effective therapies against brain metastasis is currently hindered by limitations in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving it. Here we define the contributions of tumour-secreted exosomes to brain metastatic colonization and demonstrate that pre-conditioning the brain microenvironment with exosomes from brain metastatic cells enhances cancer cell outgrowth. Proteomic analysis identified cell migration-inducing and hyaluronan-binding protein (CEMIP) as elevated in exosomes from brain metastatic but not lung or bone metastatic cells. CEMIP depletion in tumour cells impaired brain metastasis, disrupting invasion and tumour cell association with the brain vasculature, phenotypes rescued by pre-conditioning the brain microenvironment with CEMIP+ exosomes. Moreover, uptake of CEMIP+ exosomes by brain endothelial and microglial cells induced endothelial cell branching and inflammation in the perivascular niche by upregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines encoded by Ptgs2, Tnf and Ccl/Cxcl, known to promote brain vascular remodelling and metastasis. CEMIP was elevated in tumour tissues and exosomes from patients with brain metastasis and predicted brain metastasis progression and patient survival. Collectively, our findings suggest that targeting exosomal CEMIP could constitute a future avenue for the prevention and treatment of brain metastasis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of small secreted particles involved in intercellular communication and mediating a broad spectrum of biological functions. EVs cargo is composed of a large repertoire of molecules, including glycoconjugates. Herein, we report the first study on the impact of the isolation strategy on the EV populations’ glycosylation profile. The use of different state-of-the-art protocols, namely differential ultracentrifugation (UC), total exosome isolation (TEI), OptiPrepTM density gradient (ODG) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) resulted in EV populations displaying different sets of glycoconjugates. The EV populations obtained by UC, ODG and SEC methods displayed similar protein and glycan profiles, whereas TEI methodology isolated the most distinct EV population. In addition, ODG and SEC isolation protocols provided an enhanced EV glycoproteins detection. Remarkably, proteins displaying the tumour-associated glycan sialyl-Tn (STn) were identified as packaged cargo into EVs independently of the isolation methodology. STn carrying EV samples isolated by UC, ODG and SEC presented a considerable set of cancer-related proteins that were not detected in EVs isolated by TEI. Our work demonstrates the impact of using different isolation methodologies in the populations of EVs that are obtained, with consequences in the glycosylation profile of the isolated population. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of selecting adequate EV isolation protocols and cell culture conditions to determine the structural and functional complexity of the EV glycoconjugates.

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of small secreted particles involved in intercellular communication and mediating a broad spectrum of biological functions. EVs cargo is composed of a large repertoire of molecules, including glycoconjugates. Herein, we report the first study on the impact of the isolation strategy on the EV populations’ glycosylation profile. The use of different state-of-the-art protocols, namely differential ultracentrifugation (UC), total exosome isolation (TEI), OptiPrepTM density gradient (ODG) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) resulted in EV populations displaying different sets of glycoconjugates. The EV populations obtained by UC, ODG and SEC methods displayed similar protein and glycan profiles, whereas TEI methodology isolated the most distinct EV population. In addition, ODG and SEC isolation protocols provided an enhanced EV glycoproteins detection. Remarkably, proteins displaying the tumour-associated glycan sialyl-Tn (STn) were identified as packaged cargo into EVs independently of the isolation methodology. STn carrying EV samples isolated by UC, ODG and SEC presented a considerable set of cancer-related proteins that were not detected in EVs isolated by TEI. Our work demonstrates the impact of using different isolation methodologies in the populations of EVs that are obtained, with consequences in the glycosylation profile of the isolated population. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of selecting adequate EV isolation protocols and cell culture conditions to determine the structural and functional complexity of the EV glycoconjugates.

Emerging Adulthood in South European countries occurs within the family context. Different changes in family patterns have been observed during this time period in order to find a new equilibrium in family relationships. Moreover, this readjustment is influenced by the characteristics of the context. Hence, the need to study in a transcultural way the role played by the family for emerging adults’ development. A cross-national study was carried out in Spain and Portugal in order to analyze the quality of the family relationships during emerging adulthood in both countries and to study the relationship between family bonds and emerging adults’ psychological well-being and distress. Data are analyzed paying special attention to differences between women and men. Participants in the study belong to two samples with an overall 1000 emerging adults from both countries. Participants fulfilled a questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables, family relationships variables and psychological well-being and distress. We found that emerging adults perceived their relationships with their parents in a quite similar way in both countries. In general, emerging adults perceived positive family relationships in both Spain and Portugal. Moreover, emerging adults from both countries, who sensed better family relationships showed a higher level of psychological well-being and a lower level of psychological distress. Furthermore, interesting gender differences were found. These results show that family is in fact a relevant source of support during this stage. Besides, positive family relationships could be a protective factor for emerging adults’ adjustment in both countries.

Emerging Adulthood in South European countries occurs within the family context. Different changes in family patterns have been observed during this time period in order to find a new equilibrium in family relationships. Moreover, this readjustment is influenced by the characteristics of the context. Hence, the need to study in a transcultural way the role played by the family for emerging adults’ development. A cross-national study was carried out in Spain and Portugal in order to analyze the quality of the family relationships during emerging adulthood in both countries and to study the relationship between family bonds and emerging adults’ psychological well-being and distress. Data are analyzed paying special attention to differences between women and men. Participants in the study belong to two samples with an overall 1000 emerging adults from both countries. Participants fulfilled a questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables, family relationships variables and psychological well-being and distress. We found that emerging adults perceived their relationships with their parents in a quite similar way in both countries. In general, emerging adults perceived positive family relationships in both Spain and Portugal. Moreover, emerging adults from both countries, who sensed better family relationships showed a higher level of psychological well-being and a lower level of psychological distress. Furthermore, interesting gender differences were found. These results show that family is in fact a relevant source of support during this stage. Besides, positive family relationships could be a protective factor for emerging adults’ adjustment in both countries.

Emerging Adulthood in South European countries occurs within the family context. Different changes in family patterns have been observed during this time period in order to find a new equilibrium in family relationships. Moreover, this readjustment is influenced by the characteristics of the context. Hence, the need to study in a transcultural way the role played by the family for emerging adults’ development. A cross-national study was carried out in Spain and Portugal in order to analyze the quality of the family relationships during emerging adulthood in both countries and to study the relationship between family bonds and emerging adults’ psychological well-being and distress. Data are analyzed paying special attention to differences between women and men. Participants in the study belong to two samples with an overall 1000 emerging adults from both countries. Participants fulfilled a questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables, family relationships variables and psychological well-being and distress. We found that emerging adults perceived their relationships with their parents in a quite similar way in both countries. In general, emerging adults perceived positive family relationships in both Spain and Portugal. Moreover, emerging adults from both countries, who sensed better family relationships showed a higher level of psychological well-being and a lower level of psychological distress. Furthermore, interesting gender differences were found. These results show that family is in fact a relevant source of support during this stage. Besides, positive family relationships could be a protective factor for emerging adults’ adjustment in both countries.

Emerging Adulthood in South European countries occurs within the family context. Different changes in family patterns have been observed during this time period in order to find a new equilibrium in family relationships. Moreover, this readjustment is influenced by the characteristics of the context. Hence, the need to study in a transcultural way the role played by the family for emerging adults’ development. A cross-national study was carried out in Spain and Portugal in order to analyze the quality of the family relationships during emerging adulthood in both countries and to study the relationship between family bonds and emerging adults’ psychological well-being and distress. Data are analyzed paying special attention to differences between women and men. Participants in the study belong to two samples with an overall 1000 emerging adults from both countries. Participants fulfilled a questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables, family relationships variables and psychological well-being and distress. We found that emerging adults perceived their relationships with their parents in a quite similar way in both countries. In general, emerging adults perceived positive family relationships in both Spain and Portugal. Moreover, emerging adults from both countries, who sensed better family relationships showed a higher level of psychological well-being and a lower level of psychological distress. Furthermore, interesting gender differences were found. These results show that family is in fact a relevant source of support during this stage. Besides, positive family relationships could be a protective factor for emerging adults’ adjustment in both countries.

Emerging Adulthood in South European countries occurs within the family context. Different changes in family patterns have been observed during this time period in order to find a new equilibrium in family relationships. Moreover, this readjustment is influenced by the characteristics of the context. Hence, the need to study in a transcultural way the role played by the family for emerging adults’ development. A cross-national study was carried out in Spain and Portugal in order to analyze the quality of the family relationships during emerging adulthood in both countries and to study the relationship between family bonds and emerging adults’ psychological well-being and distress. Data are analyzed paying special attention to differences between women and men. Participants in the study belong to two samples with an overall 1000 emerging adults from both countries. Participants fulfilled a questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables, family relationships variables and psychological well-being and distress. We found that emerging adults perceived their relationships with their parents in a quite similar way in both countries. In general, emerging adults perceived positive family relationships in both Spain and Portugal. Moreover, emerging adults from both countries, who sensed better family relationships showed a higher level of psychological well-being and a lower level of psychological distress. Furthermore, interesting gender differences were found. These results show that family is in fact a relevant source of support during this stage. Besides, positive family relationships could be a protective factor for emerging adults’ adjustment in both countries.

Emerging Adulthood in South European countries occurs within the family context. Different changes in family patterns have been observed during this time period in order to find a new equilibrium in family relationships. Moreover, this readjustment is influenced by the characteristics of the context. Hence, the need to study in a transcultural way the role played by the family for emerging adults’ development. A cross-national study was carried out in Spain and Portugal in order to analyze the quality of the family relationships during emerging adulthood in both countries and to study the relationship between family bonds and emerging adults’ psychological well-being and distress. Data are analyzed paying special attention to differences between women and men. Participants in the study belong to two samples with an overall 1000 emerging adults from both countries. Participants fulfilled a questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables, family relationships variables and psychological well-being and distress. We found that emerging adults perceived their relationships with their parents in a quite similar way in both countries. In general, emerging adults perceived positive family relationships in both Spain and Portugal. Moreover, emerging adults from both countries, who sensed better family relationships showed a higher level of psychological well-being and a lower level of psychological distress. Furthermore, interesting gender differences were found. These results show that family is in fact a relevant source of support during this stage. Besides, positive family relationships could be a protective factor for emerging adults’ adjustment in both countries.

Circulating O-glycoproteins shed from cancer cells represent important serum biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. We have recently shown that selective detection of cancer-associated aberrant glycoforms of circulating O-glycoprotein biomarkers can increase specificity of cancer biomarker assays. However, the current knowledge of secreted and circulating O-glycoproteins is limited. Here, we used the COSMC KO "SimpleCell" (SC) strategy to characterize the O-glycoproteome of two gastric cancer SC lines (AGS, MKN45) as well as a gastric cell line (KATO III) which naturally expresses at least partially truncated O-glycans. Overall we identified 499 O-glycoproteins and 1,236 O-glycosites in gastric cancer SCs, and a total 47 O-glycoproteins and 73 O-glycosites in the KATO III cell line. We next modified the glycoproteomic strategy to apply it to pools of sera from gastric cancer and healthy individuals to identify circulating O-glycoproteins with the STn glycoform. We identified 37 O-glycoproteins in the pool of cancer sera, and only 9 of these were also found in sera from healthy individuals. Two identified candidate O-glycoprotein biomarkers (CD44 and GalNAc-T5) circulating with the STn glycoform were further validated as being expressed in gastric cancer tissue. A proximity ligation assay was used to demonstrate that CD44 was expressed with the STn glycoform in gastric cancer tissues. The study provides a discovery strategy for aberrantly glycosylated O-glycoproteins and a set of O-glycoprotein candidates with biomarker potential in gastric cancer.

A subset of patients with high-grade glioma and brain metastases who are treated with bevacizumab develop regions of marked and persistent restricted diffusion that do not reflect recurrent tumor. Here, we quantify the degree of restricted diffusion and the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) within these regions of bevacizumab-related imaging abnormality (BRIA) in order to facilitate differentiation of these lesions from recurrent tumor. Six patients with high-grade glioma and two patients with brain metastases who developed regions of restricted diffusion after initiation of bevacizumab were included. Six pre-treatment GBM controls were also included. Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) was used to create diffusion maps which were co-registered with rCBV maps. Within regions of restricted diffusion, mean RSI values and mean rCBV values were calculated for patients with BRIA and for the GBM controls. These values were also calculated for normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). RSI values in regions of restricted diffusion were higher for both BRIA and tumor when compared to NAWM; furthermore RSI values in BRIA were slightly higher than in tumor. Conversely, rCBV values were very low in BRIA-lower than both tumor and NAWM. However, there was only a trend for rCBV values to be higher in tumor than in NAWM. When evaluating areas of restricted diffusion in patients with high-grade glioma or brain metastases treated with bevacizumab, RSI is better able to detect the presence of pathology whereas rCBV is better able to differentiate BRIA from tumor. Thus, combining these tools may help to differentiate necrotic tissue related to bevacizumab treatment from recurrent tumor.

A subset of patients with high-grade glioma and brain metastases who are treated with bevacizumab develop regions of marked and persistent restricted diffusion that do not reflect recurrent tumor. Here, we quantify the degree of restricted diffusion and the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) within these regions of bevacizumab-related imaging abnormality (BRIA) in order to facilitate differentiation of these lesions from recurrent tumor. Six patients with high-grade glioma and two patients with brain metastases who developed regions of restricted diffusion after initiation of bevacizumab were included. Six pre-treatment GBM controls were also included. Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) was used to create diffusion maps which were co-registered with rCBV maps. Within regions of restricted diffusion, mean RSI values and mean rCBV values were calculated for patients with BRIA and for the GBM controls. These values were also calculated for normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). RSI values in regions of restricted diffusion were higher for both BRIA and tumor when compared to NAWM; furthermore RSI values in BRIA were slightly higher than in tumor. Conversely, rCBV values were very low in BRIA-lower than both tumor and NAWM. However, there was only a trend for rCBV values to be higher in tumor than in NAWM. When evaluating areas of restricted diffusion in patients with high-grade glioma or brain metastases treated with bevacizumab, RSI is better able to detect the presence of pathology whereas rCBV is better able to differentiate BRIA from tumor. Thus, combining these tools may help to differentiate necrotic tissue related to bevacizumab treatment from recurrent tumor.

ImportanceWith the increasing use of antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of high-grade gliomas, we are becoming increasingly aware of distinctive imaging findings seen in a subset of patients treated with these agents. Of particular interest is the development of regions of marked and persistent restricted diffusion. We describe a case with histopathologic validation, confirming that this region of restricted diffusion represents necrosis and not viable tumor.ObservationsWe present a case report of a 52-year-old man with GBM treated with temozolomide, radiation, and concurrent bevacizumab following gross total resection. The patient underwent sequential MRI's which included restriction-spectrum imaging (RSI), an advanced diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technique, and MR perfusion. Following surgery, the patient developed an area of restricted diffusion on RSI which became larger and more confluent over the next several months. Marked signal intensity on RSI and very low cerebral blood volume (CBV) on MR perfusion led us to favor bevacizumab-related necrosis over recurrent tumor. Subsequent histopathologic evaluation confirmed coagulative necrosis.Conclusion and relevanceOur report increases the number of pathologically proven cases of bevacizumab-related necrosis in the literature from three to four. Furthermore, our case demonstrates this phenomenon on RSI, which has been shown to have good sensitivity to restricted diffusion.

ImportanceWith the increasing use of antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of high-grade gliomas, we are becoming increasingly aware of distinctive imaging findings seen in a subset of patients treated with these agents. Of particular interest is the development of regions of marked and persistent restricted diffusion. We describe a case with histopathologic validation, confirming that this region of restricted diffusion represents necrosis and not viable tumor.ObservationsWe present a case report of a 52-year-old man with GBM treated with temozolomide, radiation, and concurrent bevacizumab following gross total resection. The patient underwent sequential MRI's which included restriction-spectrum imaging (RSI), an advanced diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technique, and MR perfusion. Following surgery, the patient developed an area of restricted diffusion on RSI which became larger and more confluent over the next several months. Marked signal intensity on RSI and very low cerebral blood volume (CBV) on MR perfusion led us to favor bevacizumab-related necrosis over recurrent tumor. Subsequent histopathologic evaluation confirmed coagulative necrosis.Conclusion and relevanceOur report increases the number of pathologically proven cases of bevacizumab-related necrosis in the literature from three to four. Furthermore, our case demonstrates this phenomenon on RSI, which has been shown to have good sensitivity to restricted diffusion.

El manuscrito presenta los resultados de un proyecto familiar de intervención comunitaria de prevención del consumo de drogas. El proyecto se basa en dos modelos de integración: modelo estructural de Cowen y modelo ecodesarrollo, adoptando una perspectiva multicausal y guiándose por el principio metodológico de empoderamiento. Este estudio tuvo dos momentos de evaluación: (T1) una semana antes de la intervención y (T2) una semana después del final de la intervención. Se presentan los datos reunidos de 42 adultos con responsabilidades parentales y los resultados indican cambios significativos en el ámbito familiar en el aumento de la cohesión, expresividad, el control y de la orientación de las actividades recreativas. También se observa una disminución de las estrategias educativas que caracterizan los estilos autoritarios y permisivos.