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A study of the trends related to demand and academic performance at an 11-campus higher educational system, the University of Hawaii system, was conducted over a 14-year period during which tuition increased at varying rates. The results indicate the presence of tuition-dollar thresholds that constitute the financial tolerance level beyond which demand starts to decrease. In this study, the threshold in tuition-increase tolerance levels seemed to be around $240 for the community colleges and around $750 for the senior institution. The study also identified specific and similar levels in several educational performance indicators, suggesting that performance improves as tuition increases. The relationship between demand and performance trends is discussed. (Contains 21 figures and 11 references.) (SLD)

This document presents the Strategic Plan and Academic Development Plan for Kapi'olani Community College (KCC) (Hawaii). In addition to its liberal arts transfer mission, KCC offers the state's only programs in Health Sciences and Legal Education and the only community college nursing programs on Oahu. The goals in the Strategic Plan document maintain or add to current practices and directions. The Academic Development Plan should be used as a point of reference, as a planning document, as leverage for initiatives. KCC has as its mission to broaden access to postsecondary education in Hawaii by providing open-door opportunities for students to enter quality educational programs. The college's long-range planning process is part of a comprehensive approach which seeks to integrate academic program planning and budgeting through a participatory process involving faculty, staff, and students. Among the planned or anticipated changes are improvements in educational technology and networked communications and new models of delivery, which provide more flexibility in course offering and in responding to the changing needs of businesses and students. This report also shows some indicators of program demand, efficiency, and outcomes, which have been used as the basis for our strategic decision-making. (JA)

IntroductionClinical outcomes of implantable port catheters (IPCs) placed via alternative veins such as the external jugular and cervical collaterals have not been well established. This investigation evaluates the short- and long-term outcomes of IPCs inserted via alternate cervical veins (ACV) compared to traditionally inserted IPCs via the internal jugular vein (IJV).Materials and methodsA total of 24 patients who received an IPC between 2010 and 2020 via an ACV-defined as the external jugular vein, superficial cervical vein, or unnamed collateral veins-were identified. Based on power analysis, a matched control group of 72 patients who received IPCs via the IJV was identified. Non-inferiority analysis for port complications was performed between the two groups based on the selected non-inferiority margin of 20%. Secondary end points included complication-free survival and comparison of complications by the time at which they occurred.ResultsACV access was non-inferior to traditional access for overall complications. Alternate access resulted in fewer complications than traditional access with an estimated reduction of - 7.0% [95% CI - 23.6%, 39.7%]. There was no significant difference in peri-procedural and post-procedural complications between the two groups. Complication-free survival was also equivalent between the two groups.ConclusionIPC placement via ACVs was non-inferior to IPCs placed via traditional access through the IJV. When abnormal pathology obviates the use of IJV access, other cervical veins may be considered prior to seeking alternate locations such as femoral, translumbar, inferior vena cava, and hepatic veins.

Describes a mathematics course for prospective elementary teachers that has teaching and learning mathematics via problem solving at its core. Presents a problem-solving activity involving number theory and reactions by the students and teacher to the activity. (MDH)

Beginning with the 1980-81 school year, the Navajo Mission/Academy implemented a new secondary school mathematics curriculum, Unified Mathematics, based on New York State's "Three-Year Sequence for High School Mathematics." The comprehensive package meets the school's 3-year mathematics graduation requirement and provides preparation for college-bound students. Each student receives a copy of open-ended learning goals (examples are attached), allowing creation of furthur and alternative goals, at the beginning of each unit and a list of units to be covered for the year. Each instructional unit contains teaching goals and behavioral learning objectives designed to be completed in 3 to 4 weeks. Many of the units are repeated throughout the 3 years, each time in a more advanced manner. Thus algebra, geometry, and trigonometry, normally segmented into year-long pieces, become blended and unified with topics such as logic, probability, and computer programming. Curriculum features integration of Navajo cultural background in geometrical design in a pioneering approach to teaching geometry. Activities in drawing and construction invoke students' cultural background in craft work, drawing, and design. Students investigate not only applications of mathematics in careers and the necessity of studying various mathematical topics for college preparation, but also lives of people who have made significant contributions to mathematics. (ERB)

Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press, 2010, 220 pages, 152 gures/photographs $30.00 (paperback)

The continuous GPS sites at Pin˜on Flat Observatory (PFO) (which are called, naturally, PIN1 and PIN2) are two of the oldest continuous GPS sites in southern California and are also the originals of the drilled-braced monument design now in wide use. They are unique in providing a long-term record between two closely-spaced monuments. Unfortunately that record, particularly in its earlier phases, is somewhat complicated because of many changes made in the systems used. Some of these changes were done as part of tests; others were unavoidable consequences of attempting to make continuous GPS measurements at a period (the early 1990’s) when the equipment available was much more cumbersome, and much more expensive, than later: the expense meant that a succession of equipment had to be borrowed from different sources in order to collect data continuously. This document describes these changes in a form more complete than the usual standardized GPS site logs allow, partly as backup to a paper giving results from an analysis of the baseline between these monuments (Agnew et al. 2005), which used the L1 and L2 signals separately to get higher precision. We refer to this as the ‘‘baseline’’ analysis. These sites have also been analyzed as part of the network analysis done routinely by the Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center (SOPAC) and by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Section 6.2 describes how the corrections given here can be applied to the SOPAC time series, and compare these to the offsets determined by SOPAC. Note that the SOPAC analysis makes use of a site history log; since this is a dynamic document, when we refer to this site history we mean the version of June 2004. Following our custom for most PFO projects, we maintained a detailed log of the construction of these monuments and, later, of various activities related to them. Appendix A has been compiled from these logs, omitting material about other sites and about issues, such as telemetry, that were