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Prepared between the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA). Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) gas concentrations were monitored on six designated sites of international and national importance (Special Areas of Conservation, SAC and Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI)) across Northern Ireland, to assess threats from atmospheric nitrogen inputs. A total of 37 NH3 monitoring points were established, with between 4 and 9 monitoring points on each of the six designated sites, depending on the size and complexity of each site. Monitoring was carried out at monthly intervals, with continuous time-integrated measurements made with passive UKCEH ALPHA® samplers. This report presents monthly NH3 measurements from two complete years of monitoring, between June 2020 and May 2022. Monthly measurements were aggregated to estimate annual average concentrations for the assessment of critical levels exceedance (annual thresholds). The monthly monitoring periods also enabled the construction of seasonal profiles across the sites, which is helpful for identifying peak emission periods as well as likely source types (for example, slurry spreading activities during spring)

INTRODUCTION: Media guidelines for the responsible reporting of suicide are a recognized universal suicide prevention intervention. While implemented in numerous countries, including Australia, little is known about whether they are cost-effective. We aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of Mindframe, the national initiative implementing media guidelines in Australia. METHOD: We conducted a modelled economic evaluation (5-year time-horizon) incorporating two types of economic analysis: (i) return-on-investment (ROI) comparing estimated cost savings from the intervention to the total intervention cost, and (ii) cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the net intervention costs to health outcomes: suicide deaths prevented and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). We also included uncertainty analyses to propagate parameter uncertainty and sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of the model outputs to changes in input parameters and assumptions. RESULTS: The estimated ROI ratio for the main analysis was 94:1 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 37 to 170). The intervention was associated with cost savings of A$596M (95% UI: A$228M to A$1,081M), 139 (95% UI: 55 to 252) suicides prevented and 107 (95% UI: 42 to 192) QALYs gained. The intervention was dominant, or cost-saving, compared with no intervention with results being robust to sensitivity analysis but varying based on the conservativeness of the parameters entered. CONCLUSION: Mindframe was found to be cost-saving, and therefore, worthy of investment and inclusion as part of national suicide prevention strategies.

Laser surface structuring has long proven to be a suitable tool to produce surfaces that repel both water and bacteria on actively antibacterial and inert surfaces. As a mostly undesired side effect, the laser induced surface oxidation, that occurs when producing the pattern can also have a significant effect on the behavior of the surface. For this reason, the focus of this work is to employ direct laser interference patterning to not only affect the surface topography of titanium but to simultaneously produce a precisely tailored oxide layer. Using this approach, photocatalytically active surfaces were produced. Those surfaces can produce a variety of radicals when illuminated with UV-A light which are then used to degrade organic compounds like bacteria or organic waste. With this in mind, this work aims to develop a one-step production method for self-cleaning surfaces that uses not only the lasers topographical but also its chemical surface modifications to produce photocatalytically active surfaces with high surface area.

Prepared between the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA). •Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) gas concentrations were monitored on six designated sites of international and national importance (Special Areas of Conservation, SAC and Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI)) across Northern Ireland, to assess threats from atmospheric nitrogen inputs. •The monitoring strategy at each designated site aims to capture the high spatial variability of NH3 and any associated atmospheric concentration gradients away from sources, where the highest concentrations (and local sources) may be and where the largest ecosystem impacts are likely to occur. •The sites are also part of the cross-border INTERREG Va funded Collaborative Action for the Natura Network (CANN) project (2017-2021), managed by the Special EU Programmes Body. •The measurement data will provide supporting evidence to develop site-specific mitigation strategies, if necessary and appropriate. •It is hypothesised that boundaries of a designated site that are closest to, and downwind of sources (e.g. intensive livestock units) will be exposed to the highest NH3 concentrations and therefore most at risk from adverse effects on sensitive vegetation. •This report presents monthly NH3 measurements from the first year of monitoring, between June 2020 and May 2021.

Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) is a mitochondrial lipid kinase that contributes to protein biogenesis as a subunit of the TIM22 complex at the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mutations in AGK cause Sengers syndrome, an autosomal recessive condition characterized by congenital cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and lactic acidosis. We mapped the proteomic changes in Sengers patient fibroblasts and AGKKO cell lines to understand the effects of AGK dysfunction on mitochondria. This uncovered down-regulation of a number of proteins at the inner mitochondrial membrane, including many SLC25 carrier family proteins, which are predicted substrates of the complex. We also observed down-regulation of SFXN proteins, which contain five transmembrane domains, and show that they represent a novel class of TIM22 complex substrate. Perturbed biogenesis of SFXN proteins in cells lacking AGK reduces the proliferative capabilities of these cells in the absence of exogenous serine, suggesting that dysregulation of one-carbon metabolism is a molecular feature in the biology of Sengers syndrome.

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Secukinumab, a fully human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: We reviewed safety data from the secukinumab psoriasis phase II/III program. METHODS: Data were pooled from 10 phase II/III secukinumab psoriasis studies. RESULTS: Analysis included 3993 subjects; 3430 received secukinumab, representing 2725 subject-years (SYs) of exposure. Over 52 weeks, for secukinumab 300 mg, 150 mg, and etanercept, respectively, exposure-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) per 100 SYs were comparable across treatments for total adverse events (AEs; 236.1, 239.9, and 243.4, respectively); infections (91.1, 85.3, and 93.7, respectively); serious AEs (7.4, 6.8, and 7.0, respectively); serious infections (1.4, 1.1, and 1.4, respectively); malignant or unspecified tumors (0.77, 0.97, and 0.68, respectively); and adjudicated major adverse cardiovascular events (0.42, 0.35, and 0.34, respectively). AEs were not dose-related except for nonserious, mild/moderate, skin/mucosal candidiasis (IRs 3.55, 1.85, and 1.37 for secukinumab 300 mg, 150 mg, and etanercept, respectively). LIMITATIONS: There was a limited number of patients in comparator groups and the exposure to placebo was short. CONCLUSION: Secukinumab had a favorable safety profile, had no meaningful difference between the 300- and 150-mg doses and, in terms of safety, was comparable to etanercept over 52 weeks in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.

Resolvent analysis for wall turbulence has the potential to provide a physical basis for both sub-grid scale and dynamic wall models for large-eddy simulations (LES), and an explicit representation of the interface between resolved and modeled scales. Toward the development of such a wall model, direct numerical simulation results are used to represent the Reynolds stresses, formulated as the nonlinear feedback (forcing) to the linear(ized) Navier-Stokes equations. It is found from direct calculation of the Reynolds stress gradients that the (solenoidal) nonlinear feedback is coherent and consistent with energetic activity that is localized in the wall-normal direction. Further, there exists a spatial organization of this forcing that is correlated with individual(large) scales. A brief outlook for LES modeling is given.

Where teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) once observed a paucity of authentic language input, public displays of written English are now proliferating. Ideas for capitalising on this abundance can be drawn from two strands of pedagogic thought: a psycholinguistic approach to conventional literacy long established in foreign, second and first language education (e.g., Teng, 2009), and a more recent and critical approach informed by diverse theoretical understandings of the ‘linguistic landscape’ (e.g., Rowland, 2013). In this paper I draw from these two approaches to suggest ways of helping EFL learners use environmental print to develop knowledge and skills required of English readers in the twenty-first century: (1) fluency in breaking the codes of English and other languages of publicly displayed text; (2) facility with making meaning as the English of these texts becomes ever more diverse in cultural, historical and contextual implication; (3) use of environmental English in contexts that range from the local to the transnational; and (4) critique of the presence of English and attendant worldviews in the urban environment (Chern & Dooley, forthcoming). The psychological concept of motivation and the complementary sociological concept of investment are at the heart of my deliberations here: realisation of the pedagogic potential of environmental print to develop literate resources requires consideration of sources of motivation in the classroom learning situation (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2011), as well as learner investment in literate practices in English (Norton, 2010).

Parents of newborns and small children have recently been confronted with labels indicating that their purchases of a baby bottle, teethers or sippy cups are now ?Bisphenol A-free? (BPA). A synthetic chemical used in the production process of polycarbonate (plastics), Bisphenol A is currently making headline news in the US and the EU. Its questioned safety in food plastics, baby bottles and children's toys has turned plastics into a political issue as it is systematically framed as a risk in media coverage.Apart from regulatory exposure limits (Tolerable Daily Intake levels (TDI), Bisphenol A is currently not subject to any restrictions in use yet (although BPA will be subject to a ban on the EU level from spring 2011 onwards). However, with the REACH framework (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation of Chemicals), a new regulatory framework for EU's chemical policy in place since June 2007, these exposure limits may be reviewed and BPA may face regulatory action. This article aims to analyse the regulatory process of Bisphenol A in the EU as an example of an uncertain risk dossier. On the basis of document and media analysis and interviews, the main aim is to gain an understanding of how uncertain risks are being regulated in the European Union. To that end, the self-regulatory behavior of industry is also considered. On the basis of the current regulatory tools in place and the current state of affairs, as well as developments in the controversy around BPA, the paper concludes by presenting four scenarios that illustrate the dynamics of the case and its possible regulatory outcomes.

This report assesses the current conservation status and available research information of this species in order to appraise the current effectiveness of conservation actions, identify reasons for the observed trends and recommend options for future management to reverse the downward trend in numbers. Hence, this plan will focus upon the full implementation of the provisions of the Birds Directive as these apply for this species.

Group II intron self-splicing is essential for correct expression of organellar genes in plants, fungi, and yeast, as well as of bacterial genes. Self-excision of these autocatalytic introns from the primary RNA transcript is achieved in a two-step mechanism apparently analogous to the one of the eukaryotic spliceosome. The 2'-OH of a conserved adenosine (the branch point) located within domain 6 (D6) acts as the nucleophile in the first step of splicing. Despite the biological importance of group II introns, little is known about their structural organization and usage of metal ions in catalysis. Here we report the first solution structure of a catalytically active D6 construct encompassing the branch point and the neighboring helical regions from the mitochondrial yeast intron ai5. The branch adenosine is the single unpaired nucleotide, and, in contrast to the spliceosomal branch site, resides within the helix being partially stacked between the two flanking GU wobble pairs. We identified a novel prominent Mg2+ binding site in the major groove of the branch site. Importantly, Mg2+ addition does not impair stacking of the branch-adenosine, but in contrast rather strengthens the interaction with the flanking uridines, as shown by NMR- and fluorescence studies. This means, that domain 6 presents the branch adenosine in a stacked fashion to the core of group II introns upon folding to the active conformation.

The Air Force Cost Center undertook the task of developing a comprehensive catalog of cost analysis resources. Management Consulting & Research, Inc. (MCR) was tasked to survey the organizations within DoD and compiler descriptive information on the models and data bases used for cost analysis. In order to facilitate the storage and retrieval of the survey information, MCR also developed, as part of this contract, an automated cataloging system, the Cost Analysis Resources Reference System (CARRS), designed to run on microcomputers. The CARRS is a user-friendly, menu-driven computer program which contains the descriptive information, collected under this effort, on the models and data bases used in the DoD for cost analysis. It provides the analyst with an on-line search capability to find the appropriate tool for an estimating application. This document presents the results of the DoD survey, the procedures and formats used during the data input process, and recommendations for maintaining the catalog data bases.

This report documents a study of low altitude atmospheric radiation transmission conducted by a student-faculty team at California State University, Northridge, School of Engineering. The report was generated under a contract issued by the Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base. A simple computer program, LARTAP, has been developed. The simplicity of the program makes it easy to modify to suit users requirements. Should detailed testing be required to improve program accuracy, currently available instrumentation has been evaluated. It has also been suggested that a technique involving direct measurement of radiation transmission and utilization or a numerical filtering technique may provide a more accurate model of atmospheric transmission at a test site. (Author)

Investigations relating to dilute solutions of polymers comprised: a theoretical treatment of Rayleigh scattering to include both intramolecular and intermolecular optical interference effects; the temperature dependence of the second virial coefficient for polystyrene in cyclohexane; the intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight relation for poly-(vinyl acetate) in butanone; and design and construction of a precision light scattering photometer. The melt viscosity-molecular weight relation at 218C for monodisperse polystyrene prepared anionically was found to be identical with that for ordinary fractions. Poly-(vinyl acetate), prepared by an emulsion polymerization in the presence of a protein, yielded an insoluble component containing bound protein. Preliminary stress-strain measurements on cross-linked swollen polyethylene gave only equivocal evidence for specific solvent effects on the unperturbed randomflight dimensions of the polymer chains.

A brief review with emphasis on the important open questions is presented of our knowledge of the factors influencing the chain mobility and mechanical pro properties of amorphous polymeric systems. It is necessary to give more precise meaning to the concepts of "chain entanglements" and "free volume" and to relate these to the structure of the repeating unit and to the gross chain structure of the macromolecules. From studies of the viscosity in bulk or in concentrated solution of model polymers and novel polymers we propose to determine the influence on the mobility of heterogeneity in chain length distribution of added diluent, and of the stereochemical chain structure. The initial data on polystyrenes of narrow distribution prepared in anionic synthesis and of mixtures of these are presented here.