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14 results on '"Fennell, Timothy"'

1. Induction of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 by substituted benzodioxole compounds

Author: Fennell, Timothy Raymond
Subjects: 615.9
Abstract: Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis has been used to evaluate the induction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 in the rat by isosafrole and related compounds. Many of the benzodioxole compounds examined formed metabolite-cytochrome P-450 complexes in vitro but few were capable of forming an isolable metabolite complex in vivo. The formation of a stable metabolite complex in vivo is apparently associated with induction of cytochrome P-450 and induction of a polypeptide of molecular weight 53,000. The induction of cytochrome P-450 by benzodioxole compounds displays a high degree of structural specificity, requiring a dioxole ring and a lipophilic side chain for optimal induction. Isosafrole interacts with phenobarbitone to produce additive induction, but with methylcholanthrene it produces a synergistic induction of cytochrome P-450. Treatment of genetically "responsive" C57BL/10 and "nonresponsive"DBA/2 mice produced metabolite-cytochrome P-450 complexes and increases in monooxygenase activities in both strains. Following treatment with isosafrole the induction of a microsomal polypeptide of mol. wt. 54,000 was demonstrated in both strains on gel electrophoresis. Addition of isosafrole to isolated rat hepatocytes resulted in the initial formation of a Type I spectrum, and subsequent formation of peaks at 427 and 458 nm. The mechanism of induction by benzodioxole compounds is discussed in the light of this and evidence for the instability of the metabolite-cytochrome P-450 complex formed initially in vivo. Variation in the rate of diplacement of metabolite complexes formed in vivo with alkenyl-substituted benzodioxole compounds suggests a role for lipophilic stabilization of the metabolite-complex in the oxidized state. Benzofuran showed differing inducing characteristics compared to benzodioxole compounds, and caused induction of epoxide hydratase and glutathione S-transferases. Benzofuran administration also caused decreases in cytochrome P-450 levels and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities.
Published: 1980

2. Opportunities for evaluating chemical exposures and child health in the United States: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.

Author: Buckley, Jessie P, Buckley, Jessie P, Barrett, Emily S, Beamer, Paloma I, Bennett, Deborah H, Bloom, Michael S, Fennell, Timothy R, Fry, Rebecca C, Funk, William E, Hamra, Ghassan B, Hecht, Stephen S, Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Iyer, Ramsunder, Karagas, Margaret R, Lyall, Kristen, Parsons, Patrick J, Pellizzari, Edo D, Signes-Pastor, Antonio J, Starling, Anne P, Wang, Aolin, Watkins, Deborah J, Zhang, Mingyu, Woodruff, Tracey J, program collaborators for ECHO, Buckley, Jessie P, Buckley, Jessie P, Barrett, Emily S, Beamer, Paloma I, Bennett, Deborah H, Bloom, Michael S, Fennell, Timothy R, Fry, Rebecca C, Funk, William E, Hamra, Ghassan B, Hecht, Stephen S, Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Iyer, Ramsunder, Karagas, Margaret R, Lyall, Kristen, Parsons, Patrick J, Pellizzari, Edo D, Signes-Pastor, Antonio J, Starling, Anne P, Wang, Aolin, Watkins, Deborah J, Zhang, Mingyu, Woodruff, Tracey J, and program collaborators for ECHO
Abstract: The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program will evaluate environmental factors affecting children's health (perinatal, neurodevelopmental, obesity, respiratory, and positive health outcomes) by pooling cohorts composed of >50,000 children in the largest US study of its kind. Our objective was to identify opportunities for studying chemicals and child health using existing or future ECHO chemical exposure data. We described chemical-related information collected by ECHO cohorts and reviewed ECHO-relevant literature on exposure routes, sources, and environmental and human monitoring. Fifty-six ECHO cohorts have existing or planned chemical biomonitoring data for mothers or children. Environmental phenols/parabens, phthalates, metals/metalloids, and tobacco biomarkers are each being measured by ≥15 cohorts, predominantly during pregnancy and childhood, indicating ample opportunities to study child health outcomes. Cohorts are collecting questionnaire data on multiple exposure sources and conducting environmental monitoring including air, dust, and water sample collection that could be used for exposure assessment studies. To supplement existing chemical data, we recommend biomonitoring of emerging chemicals, nontargeted analysis to identify novel chemicals, and expanded measurement of chemicals in alternative biological matrices and dust samples. ECHO's rich data and samples represent an unprecedented opportunity to accelerate environmental chemical research to improve the health of US children.
Published: 2020

3. Sex Differences in the Effects of a Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist in the Forced Swim Test.

Author: Laman-Maharg, Abigail, Laman-Maharg, Abigail, Williams, Alexia V, Zufelt, Mikaela D, Minie, Vanessa A, Ramos-Maciel, Stephanie, Hao, Rebecca, Ordoñes Sanchez, Evelyn, Copeland, Tiffany, Silverman, Jill L, Leigh, Angelina, Snyder, Rodney, Carroll, F Ivy, Fennell, Timothy R, Trainor, Brian C, Laman-Maharg, Abigail, Laman-Maharg, Abigail, Williams, Alexia V, Zufelt, Mikaela D, Minie, Vanessa A, Ramos-Maciel, Stephanie, Hao, Rebecca, Ordoñes Sanchez, Evelyn, Copeland, Tiffany, Silverman, Jill L, Leigh, Angelina, Snyder, Rodney, Carroll, F Ivy, Fennell, Timothy R, and Trainor, Brian C
Abstract: There is growing evidence that kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonists could be a useful class of therapeutics for treating depression and anxiety. However, the overwhelming majority of preclinical investigations examining the behavioral effects of KOR antagonists have been in male rodents. Here, we examined the effects of the long-acting KOR antagonist nor-binaltophimine (norBNI) on immobility in the forced swim test in males and females of two different rodent species (C57Bl/6J and California mice). Consistent with previous reports, norBNI (10 mg/kg) decreased immobility in the forced swim test for male C57Bl/6J and California mice. Surprisingly, dose-response studies in female C57Bl/6J and California mice showed that norBNI did not reduce immobility. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that metabolism and brain concentrations of norBNI were similar in male and female C57Bl/6J. In the nucleus accumbens of male but not female C57Bl/6J, norBNI increased phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (pJNK), a putative mechanism for norBNI action. However, no differences in pJNK were observed in male or female California mice. Together, these results suggest that immobility in the forced swim test is less dependent on endogenous KOR signaling in female rodents and highlight the importance of examining the effects of possible therapeutic agents in both males and females.
Published: 2018

4. Data Descriptor : Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls

Author: Flannick, Jason, Fuchsberger, Christian, Mahajan, Anubha, Teslovich, Tanya M., Agarwala, Vineeta, Gaulton, Kyle J., Caulkins, Lizz, Koesterer, Ryan, Ma, Clement, Moutsianas, Loukas, McCarthy, Davis J., Rivas, Manuel A., Perry, John R. B., Sim, Xueling, Blackwell, Thomas W., Robertson, Neil R., Rayner, N. William, Cingolani, Pablo, Locke, Adam E., Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Highland, Heather M., Dupuis, Josee, Chines, Peter S., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Hartl, Christopher, Jackson, Anne U., Chen, Han, Huyghe, Jeroen R., De Bunt, Martijn Van, Pearson, Richard D., Kumar, Ashish, Muller-Nurasyid, Martina, Grarup, Niels, Stringham, Heather M., Gamazon, Eric R., Lee, Jaehoon, Chen, Yuhui, Scott, Robert A., Below, Jennifer E., Chen, Peng, Huang, Jinyan, Go, Min Jin, Stitzel, Michael L., Pasko, Dorota, Parker, Stephen C. J., Varga, Tibor V., Green, Todd, Beer, Nicola L., Day-Williams, Aaron G., Ferreira, Teresa, Fingerlin, Tasha, Horikoshi, Momoko, Hu, Cheng, Huh, Iksoo, Ikram, Mohammad Kamran, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Yongkang, Kim, Young Jin, Kwon, Min-Seok, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Selyeong, Lin, Keng-Han, Maxwell, Taylor J., Nagai, Yoshihiko, Wang, Xu, Welch, Ryan P., Yoon, Joon, Zhang, Weihua, Barzilai, Nir, Voight, Benjamin F., Han, Bok-Ghee, Jenkinson, Christopher P., Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Manning, Alisa, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Palmer, Nicholette D., Balkau, Beverley, Stancakova, Alena, Abboud, Hanna E., Boeing, Heiner, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Gottesman, Omri, Scott, James, Carey, Jason, Kwan, Phoenix, Grant, George, Smith, Joshua D., Neale, Benjamin M., Purcell, Shaun, Butterworth, Adam S., Howson, Joanna M. M., Lee, Heung Man, Lu, Yingchang, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Zhao, Wei, Danesh, John, Lam, Vincent K. L., Park, Kyong Soo, Saleheen, Danish, So, Wing Yee, Tam, Claudia H. T., Afzal, Uzma, Aguilar, David, Arya, Rector, Aung, Tin, Chan, Edmund, Navarro, Carmen, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Palli, Domenico, Correa, Adolfo, Curran, Joanne E., Rybin, Dennis, Farook, Vidya S., Fowler, Sharon P., Freedman, Barry I., Griswold, Michael, Hale, Daniel Esten, Hicks, Pamela J., Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kumar, Satish, Lehne, Benjamin, Thuillier, Dorothee, Lim, Wei Yen, Liu, Jianjun, Loh, Marie, Musani, Solomon K., Puppala, Sobha, Scott, William R., Yengo, Loic, Tan, Sian-Tsung, Taylor, Herman A., Thameem, Farook, Wilson, Gregory, Wong, Tien Yin, Njolstad, Pal Rasmus, Levy, Jonathan C., Mangino, Massimo, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Schwarzmayr, Thomas, Fadista, Joao, Surdulescu, Gabriela L., Herder, Christian, Groves, Christopher J., Wieland, Thomas, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Koistinen, Heikki A., Doney, Alex S. F., Kinnunen, Leena, Esko, Tonu, Farmer, Andrew J., Hakaste, Liisa, Hodgkiss, Dylan, Kravic, Jasmina, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Hollensted, Mette, Jorgensen, Marit E., Jorgensen, Torben, Ladenvall, Claes, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Karajamaki, Annemari, Kriebel, Jennifer, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Lannfelt, Lars, Lauritzen, Torsten, Narisu, Narisu, Linneberg, Allan, Melander, Olle, Milani, Lili, Neville, Matt, Orho-Melander, Marju, Qi, Lu, Qi, Qibin, Roden, Michael, Rolandsson, Olov, Swift, Amy, Rosengren, Anders H., Stirrups, Kathleen, Wood, Andrew R., Mihailov, Evelin, Blancher, Christine, Carneiro, Mauricio O., Maguire, Jared, Poplin, Ryan, Shakir, Khalid, Fennell, Timothy, DePristo, Mark, De Angelis, Martin Hrabe, Deloukas, Panos, Gjesing, Anette P., Jun, Goo, Nilsson, Peter M., Murphy, Jacquelyn, Onofrio, Robert, Thorand, Barbara, Hansen, Torben, Meisinger, Christa, Hu, Frank B., Isomaa, Bo, Karpe, Fredrik, Liang, Liming, Peters, Annette, Huth, Cornelia, O'Rahilly, Stephen P., Palmer, Colin N. A., Pedersen, Oluf, Rauramaa, Rainer, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Salomaa, Veikko, Watanabe, Richard M., Syvänen, Ann-Christine, Bergman, Richard N., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Bottinger, Erwin P., Cho, Yoon Shin, Chandak, Giriraj R., Chan, Juliana Cn, Chia, Kee Seng, Daly, Mark J., Ebrahim, Shah B., Langenberg, Claudia, Elliott, Paul, Jablonski, Kathleen A., Lehman, Donna M., Jia, Weiping, Ma, Ronald Cw, Pollin, Toni I., Sandhu, Manjinder, Tandon, Nikhil, Froguel, Philippe, Barroso, Ines, Teo, Yik Ying, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Loos, Ruth J. F., Small, Kerrin S., Ried, Janina S., DeFronzo, Ralph A., Grallert, Harald, Glaser, Benjamin, Metspalu, Andres, Wareham, Nicholas J., Walker, Mark, Banks, Eric, Gieger, Christian, Ingelsson, Erik, Im, Hae Kyung, Illig, Thomas, Franks, Paul W., Buck, Gemma, Trakalo, Joseph, Buck, David, Prokopenko, Inga, Magi, Reedik, Lind, Lars, Farjoun, Yossi, Owen, Katharine R., Gloyn, Anna L., Strauch, Konstantin, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Kooner, Jaspal Singh, Lee, Jong-Young, Park, Taesung, Donnelly, Peter, Morris, Andrew D., Hattersley, Andrew T., Bowden, Donald W., Collins, Francis S., Atzmon, Gil, Chambers, John C., Spector, Timothy D., Laakso, Markku, Strom, Tim M., Bell, Graeme I., Blangero, John, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Tai, EShyong, McVean, Gilean, Hanis, Craig L., Wilson, James G., Seielstad, Mark, Frayling, Timothy M., Meigs, James B., Cox, Nancy J., Sladek, Rob, Lander, Eric S., Gabriel, Stacey, Mohlke, Karen L., Meitinger, Thomas, Groop, Leif, Abecasis, Goncalo, Scott, Laura J., Morris, Andrew P., Kang, Hyun Min, Altshuler, David, Burtt, Noel P., Florez, Jose C., Boehnke, Michael, McCarthy, Mark I., Flannick, Jason, Fuchsberger, Christian, Mahajan, Anubha, Teslovich, Tanya M., Agarwala, Vineeta, Gaulton, Kyle J., Caulkins, Lizz, Koesterer, Ryan, Ma, Clement, Moutsianas, Loukas, McCarthy, Davis J., Rivas, Manuel A., Perry, John R. B., Sim, Xueling, Blackwell, Thomas W., Robertson, Neil R., Rayner, N. William, Cingolani, Pablo, Locke, Adam E., Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Highland, Heather M., Dupuis, Josee, Chines, Peter S., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Hartl, Christopher, Jackson, Anne U., Chen, Han, Huyghe, Jeroen R., De Bunt, Martijn Van, Pearson, Richard D., Kumar, Ashish, Muller-Nurasyid, Martina, Grarup, Niels, Stringham, Heather M., Gamazon, Eric R., Lee, Jaehoon, Chen, Yuhui, Scott, Robert A., Below, Jennifer E., Chen, Peng, Huang, Jinyan, Go, Min Jin, Stitzel, Michael L., Pasko, Dorota, Parker, Stephen C. J., Varga, Tibor V., Green, Todd, Beer, Nicola L., Day-Williams, Aaron G., Ferreira, Teresa, Fingerlin, Tasha, Horikoshi, Momoko, Hu, Cheng, Huh, Iksoo, Ikram, Mohammad Kamran, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Yongkang, Kim, Young Jin, Kwon, Min-Seok, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Selyeong, Lin, Keng-Han, Maxwell, Taylor J., Nagai, Yoshihiko, Wang, Xu, Welch, Ryan P., Yoon, Joon, Zhang, Weihua, Barzilai, Nir, Voight, Benjamin F., Han, Bok-Ghee, Jenkinson, Christopher P., Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Manning, Alisa, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Palmer, Nicholette D., Balkau, Beverley, Stancakova, Alena, Abboud, Hanna E., Boeing, Heiner, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Gottesman, Omri, Scott, James, Carey, Jason, Kwan, Phoenix, Grant, George, Smith, Joshua D., Neale, Benjamin M., Purcell, Shaun, Butterworth, Adam S., Howson, Joanna M. M., Lee, Heung Man, Lu, Yingchang, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Zhao, Wei, Danesh, John, Lam, Vincent K. L., Park, Kyong Soo, Saleheen, Danish, So, Wing Yee, Tam, Claudia H. T., Afzal, Uzma, Aguilar, David, Arya, Rector, Aung, Tin, Chan, Edmund, Navarro, Carmen, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Palli, Domenico, Correa, Adolfo, Curran, Joanne E., Rybin, Dennis, Farook, Vidya S., Fowler, Sharon P., Freedman, Barry I., Griswold, Michael, Hale, Daniel Esten, Hicks, Pamela J., Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kumar, Satish, Lehne, Benjamin, Thuillier, Dorothee, Lim, Wei Yen, Liu, Jianjun, Loh, Marie, Musani, Solomon K., Puppala, Sobha, Scott, William R., Yengo, Loic, Tan, Sian-Tsung, Taylor, Herman A., Thameem, Farook, Wilson, Gregory, Wong, Tien Yin, Njolstad, Pal Rasmus, Levy, Jonathan C., Mangino, Massimo, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Schwarzmayr, Thomas, Fadista, Joao, Surdulescu, Gabriela L., Herder, Christian, Groves, Christopher J., Wieland, Thomas, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Koistinen, Heikki A., Doney, Alex S. F., Kinnunen, Leena, Esko, Tonu, Farmer, Andrew J., Hakaste, Liisa, Hodgkiss, Dylan, Kravic, Jasmina, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Hollensted, Mette, Jorgensen, Marit E., Jorgensen, Torben, Ladenvall, Claes, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Karajamaki, Annemari, Kriebel, Jennifer, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Lannfelt, Lars, Lauritzen, Torsten, Narisu, Narisu, Linneberg, Allan, Melander, Olle, Milani, Lili, Neville, Matt, Orho-Melander, Marju, Qi, Lu, Qi, Qibin, Roden, Michael, Rolandsson, Olov, Swift, Amy, Rosengren, Anders H., Stirrups, Kathleen, Wood, Andrew R., Mihailov, Evelin, Blancher, Christine, Carneiro, Mauricio O., Maguire, Jared, Poplin, Ryan, Shakir, Khalid, Fennell, Timothy, DePristo, Mark, De Angelis, Martin Hrabe, Deloukas, Panos, Gjesing, Anette P., Jun, Goo, Nilsson, Peter M., Murphy, Jacquelyn, Onofrio, Robert, Thorand, Barbara, Hansen, Torben, Meisinger, Christa, Hu, Frank B., Isomaa, Bo, Karpe, Fredrik, Liang, Liming, Peters, Annette, Huth, Cornelia, O'Rahilly, Stephen P., Palmer, Colin N. A., Pedersen, Oluf, Rauramaa, Rainer, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Salomaa, Veikko, Watanabe, Richard M., Syvänen, Ann-Christine, Bergman, Richard N., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Bottinger, Erwin P., Cho, Yoon Shin, Chandak, Giriraj R., Chan, Juliana Cn, Chia, Kee Seng, Daly, Mark J., Ebrahim, Shah B., Langenberg, Claudia, Elliott, Paul, Jablonski, Kathleen A., Lehman, Donna M., Jia, Weiping, Ma, Ronald Cw, Pollin, Toni I., Sandhu, Manjinder, Tandon, Nikhil, Froguel, Philippe, Barroso, Ines, Teo, Yik Ying, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Loos, Ruth J. F., Small, Kerrin S., Ried, Janina S., DeFronzo, Ralph A., Grallert, Harald, Glaser, Benjamin, Metspalu, Andres, Wareham, Nicholas J., Walker, Mark, Banks, Eric, Gieger, Christian, Ingelsson, Erik, Im, Hae Kyung, Illig, Thomas, Franks, Paul W., Buck, Gemma, Trakalo, Joseph, Buck, David, Prokopenko, Inga, Magi, Reedik, Lind, Lars, Farjoun, Yossi, Owen, Katharine R., Gloyn, Anna L., Strauch, Konstantin, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Kooner, Jaspal Singh, Lee, Jong-Young, Park, Taesung, Donnelly, Peter, Morris, Andrew D., Hattersley, Andrew T., Bowden, Donald W., Collins, Francis S., Atzmon, Gil, Chambers, John C., Spector, Timothy D., Laakso, Markku, Strom, Tim M., Bell, Graeme I., Blangero, John, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Tai, EShyong, McVean, Gilean, Hanis, Craig L., Wilson, James G., Seielstad, Mark, Frayling, Timothy M., Meigs, James B., Cox, Nancy J., Sladek, Rob, Lander, Eric S., Gabriel, Stacey, Mohlke, Karen L., Meitinger, Thomas, Groop, Leif, Abecasis, Goncalo, Scott, Laura J., Morris, Andrew P., Kang, Hyun Min, Altshuler, David, Burtt, Noel P., Florez, Jose C., Boehnke, Michael, and McCarthy, Mark I.
Abstract: To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.7% of low-frequency coding variants in the whole-exome sequenced individuals. Each variant was tested for association with T2D in the sequenced individuals, and, to increase power, most were tested in larger numbers of individuals (> 80% of low-frequency coding variants in similar to ~82 K Europeans via the exome chip, and similar to ~90% of low-frequency non-coding variants in similar to ~44 K Europeans via genotype imputation). The variants, genotypes, and association statistics from these analyses provide the largest reference to date of human genetic information relevant to T2D, for use in activities such as T2D-focused genotype imputation, functional characterization of variants or genes, and other novel analyses to detect associations between sequence variation and T2D., Erratum in: Scientific Data, volume 5, Article number: 180002, 2018Doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.2
Published: 2017
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5. A Low-Frequency Inactivating AKT2 Variant Enriched in the Finnish Population Is Associated With Fasting Insulin Levels and Type 2 Diabetes Risk

Author: Manning, Alisa, Highland, Heather M., Gasser, Jessica, Sim, Xueling, Tukiainen, Taru, Fontanillas, Pierre, Grarup, Niels, Rivas, Manuel A., Mahajan, Anubha, Locke, Adam E., Cingolani, Pablo, Pers, Tune H., Vinuela, Ana, Brown, Andrew A., Wu, Ying, Flannick, Jason, Fuchsberger, Christian, Gamazon, Eric R., Gaulton, Kyle J., Im, Hae Kyung, Teslovich, Tanya M., Blackwell, Thomas W., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Burtt, Noel P., Chen, Yuhui, Green, Todd, Hartl, Christopher, Kang, Hyun Min, Kumar, Ashish, Ladenvall, Claes, Ma, Clement, Moutsianas, Loukas, Pearson, Richard D., Perry, John R. B., Rayner, N. William, Robertson, Neil R., Scott, Laura J., van de Bunt, Martijn, Eriksson, Johan G., Jula, Antti, Koskinen, Seppo, Lehtimaki, Terho, Palotie, Aarno, Raitakari, Olli T., Jacobs, Suzanne B. R., Wessel, Jennifer, Chu, Audrey Y., Scott, Robert A., Goodarzi, Mark O., Blancher, Christine, Buck, Gemma, Buck, David, Chines, Peter S., Gabriel, Stacey, Gjesing, Anette P., Groves, Christopher J., Hollensted, Mette, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Jackson, Anne U., Jun, Goo, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Mangino, Massimo, Murphy, Jacquelyn, Neville, Matt, Onofrio, Robert, Small, Kerrin S., Stringham, Heather M., Trakalo, Joseph, Banks, Eric, Carey, Jason, Carneiro, Mauricio O., DePristo, Mark, Farjoun, Yossi, Fennell, Timothy, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., Grant, George, de Angelis, Martin Hrabe, Maguire, Jared, Neale, Benjamin M., Poplin, Ryan, Purcell, Shaun, Schwarzmayr, Thomas, Shakir, Khalid, Smith, Joshua D., Strom, Tim M., Wieland, Thomas, Lindstrom, Jaana, Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Surdulescu, Gabriela L., Lakka, Timo A., Doney, Alex S. F., Nilsson, Peter, Wareham, Nicholas J., Langenberg, Claudia, Varga, Tibor V., Franks, Paul W., Rolandsson, Olov, Rosengren, Anders H., Farook, Vidya S., Thameem, Farook, Puppala, Sobha, Kumar, Satish, Lehman, Donna M., Jenkinson, Christopher P., Curran, Joanne E., Hale, Daniel Esten, Fowler, Sharon P., Arya, Rector, DeFronzo, Ralph A., Abboud, Hanna E., Syvanen, Ann-Christine, Hicks, Pamela J., Palmer, Nicholette D., Ng, Maggie C. Y., Bowden, Donald W., Freedman, Barry I., Esko, Tonu, Magi, Reedik, Milani, Lili, Mihailov, Evelin, Metspalu, Andres, Narisu, Narisu, Kinnunen, Leena, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Swift, Amy, Pasko, Dorota, Wood, Andrew R., Fadista, Joao, Pollin, Toni I., Barzilai, Nir, Atzmon, Gil, Glaser, Benjamin, Thorand, Barbara, Strauch, Konstantin, Peters, Annette, Roden, Michael, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Liang, Liming, Kriebel, Jennifer, Illig, Thomas, Grallert, Harald, Gieger, Christian, Meisinger, Christa, Lannfelt, Lars, Musani, Solomon K., Griswold, Michael, Taylor, Herman A., Jr., Wilson, Gregory, Sr., Correa, Adolfo, Oksa, Heikki, Scott, William R., Afzal, Uzma, Tan, Sian-Tsung, Loh, Marie, Chambers, John C., Sehmi, Jobanpreet, Kooner, Jaspal Singh, Lehne, Benjamin, Cho, Yoon Shin, Lee, Jong-Young, Han, Bok-Ghee, Karajamaki, Annemari, Qi, Qibin, Qi, Lu, Huang, Jinyan, Hu, Frank B., Melander, Olle, Orho-Melander, Marju, Below, Jennifer E., Aguilar, David, Wong, Tien Yin, Liu, Jianjun, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Chia, Kee Seng, Lim, Wei Yen, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chan, Edmund, Tai, E. Shyong, Aung, Tin, Linneberg, Allan, Isomaa, Bo, Meitinger, Thomas, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Hakaste, Liisa, Kravic, Jasmina, Jorgensen, Marit E., Lauritzen, Torsten, Deloukas, Panos, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Owen, Katharine R., Farmer, Andrew J., Frayling, Timothy M., O'Rahilly, Stephen P., Walker, Mark, Levy, Jonathan C., Hodgkiss, Dylan, Hattersley, Andrew T., Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Stancakova, Alena, Barroso, Ines, Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Chan, Juliana, Chandak, Giriraj R., Daly, Mark J., Donnelly, Peter J., Ebrahim, Shah B., Elliott, Paul, Fingerlin, Tasha, Froguel, Philippe, Hu, Cheng, Jia, Weiping, Ma, Ronald C. W., McVean, Gilean, Park, Taesung, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Sandhu, Manjinder, Scott, James, Sladek, Rob, Tandon, Nikhil, Teo, Yik Ying, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Watanabe, Richard M., Koistinen, Heikki A., Kesaniemi, Y. Antero, Uusitupa, Matti, Spector, Timothy D., Salomaa, Veikko, Rauramaa, Rainer, Palmer, Colin N. A., Prokopenko, Inga, Morris, Andrew D., Bergman, Richard N., Collins, Francis S., Lind, Lars, Ingelsson, Erik, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Karpe, Fredrik, Groop, Leif, Jorgensen, Torben, Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Kuusisto, Johanna, Abecasis, GonOalo, Bell, Graeme I., Blangero, John, Cox, Nancy J., Duggirala, Ravindranath, Seielstad, Mark, Wilson, James G., Dupuis, Josee, Ripatti, Samuli, Hanis, Craig L., Florez, Jose C., Mohlke, Karen L., Meigs, James B., Laakso, Markku, Morris, Andrew P., Boehnke, Michael, Altshuler, David, McCarthy, Mark I., Gloyn, Anna L., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Manning, Alisa, Highland, Heather M., Gasser, Jessica, Sim, Xueling, Tukiainen, Taru, Fontanillas, Pierre, Grarup, Niels, Rivas, Manuel A., Mahajan, Anubha, Locke, Adam E., Cingolani, Pablo, Pers, Tune H., Vinuela, Ana, Brown, Andrew A., Wu, Ying, Flannick, Jason, Fuchsberger, Christian, Gamazon, Eric R., Gaulton, Kyle J., Im, Hae Kyung, Teslovich, Tanya M., Blackwell, Thomas W., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Burtt, Noel P., Chen, Yuhui, Green, Todd, Hartl, Christopher, Kang, Hyun Min, Kumar, Ashish, Ladenvall, Claes, Ma, Clement, Moutsianas, Loukas, Pearson, Richard D., Perry, John R. B., Rayner, N. William, Robertson, Neil R., Scott, Laura J., van de Bunt, Martijn, Eriksson, Johan G., Jula, Antti, Koskinen, Seppo, Lehtimaki, Terho, Palotie, Aarno, Raitakari, Olli T., Jacobs, Suzanne B. R., Wessel, Jennifer, Chu, Audrey Y., Scott, Robert A., Goodarzi, Mark O., Blancher, Christine, Buck, Gemma, Buck, David, Chines, Peter S., Gabriel, Stacey, Gjesing, Anette P., Groves, Christopher J., Hollensted, Mette, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Jackson, Anne U., Jun, Goo, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Mangino, Massimo, Murphy, Jacquelyn, Neville, Matt, Onofrio, Robert, Small, Kerrin S., Stringham, Heather M., Trakalo, Joseph, Banks, Eric, Carey, Jason, Carneiro, Mauricio O., DePristo, Mark, Farjoun, Yossi, Fennell, Timothy, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., Grant, George, de Angelis, Martin Hrabe, Maguire, Jared, Neale, Benjamin M., Poplin, Ryan, Purcell, Shaun, Schwarzmayr, Thomas, Shakir, Khalid, Smith, Joshua D., Strom, Tim M., Wieland, Thomas, Lindstrom, Jaana, Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Surdulescu, Gabriela L., Lakka, Timo A., Doney, Alex S. F., Nilsson, Peter, Wareham, Nicholas J., Langenberg, Claudia, Varga, Tibor V., Franks, Paul W., Rolandsson, Olov, Rosengren, Anders H., Farook, Vidya S., Thameem, Farook, Puppala, Sobha, Kumar, Satish, Lehman, Donna M., Jenkinson, Christopher P., Curran, Joanne E., Hale, Daniel Esten, Fowler, Sharon P., Arya, Rector, DeFronzo, Ralph A., Abboud, Hanna E., Syvanen, Ann-Christine, Hicks, Pamela J., Palmer, Nicholette D., Ng, Maggie C. Y., Bowden, Donald W., Freedman, Barry I., Esko, Tonu, Magi, Reedik, Milani, Lili, Mihailov, Evelin, Metspalu, Andres, Narisu, Narisu, Kinnunen, Leena, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Swift, Amy, Pasko, Dorota, Wood, Andrew R., Fadista, Joao, Pollin, Toni I., Barzilai, Nir, Atzmon, Gil, Glaser, Benjamin, Thorand, Barbara, Strauch, Konstantin, Peters, Annette, Roden, Michael, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Liang, Liming, Kriebel, Jennifer, Illig, Thomas, Grallert, Harald, Gieger, Christian, Meisinger, Christa, Lannfelt, Lars, Musani, Solomon K., Griswold, Michael, Taylor, Herman A., Jr., Wilson, Gregory, Sr., Correa, Adolfo, Oksa, Heikki, Scott, William R., Afzal, Uzma, Tan, Sian-Tsung, Loh, Marie, Chambers, John C., Sehmi, Jobanpreet, Kooner, Jaspal Singh, Lehne, Benjamin, Cho, Yoon Shin, Lee, Jong-Young, Han, Bok-Ghee, Karajamaki, Annemari, Qi, Qibin, Qi, Lu, Huang, Jinyan, Hu, Frank B., Melander, Olle, Orho-Melander, Marju, Below, Jennifer E., Aguilar, David, Wong, Tien Yin, Liu, Jianjun, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Chia, Kee Seng, Lim, Wei Yen, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chan, Edmund, Tai, E. Shyong, Aung, Tin, Linneberg, Allan, Isomaa, Bo, Meitinger, Thomas, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Hakaste, Liisa, Kravic, Jasmina, Jorgensen, Marit E., Lauritzen, Torsten, Deloukas, Panos, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Owen, Katharine R., Farmer, Andrew J., Frayling, Timothy M., O'Rahilly, Stephen P., Walker, Mark, Levy, Jonathan C., Hodgkiss, Dylan, Hattersley, Andrew T., Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Stancakova, Alena, Barroso, Ines, Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Chan, Juliana, Chandak, Giriraj R., Daly, Mark J., Donnelly, Peter J., Ebrahim, Shah B., Elliott, Paul, Fingerlin, Tasha, Froguel, Philippe, Hu, Cheng, Jia, Weiping, Ma, Ronald C. W., McVean, Gilean, Park, Taesung, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Sandhu, Manjinder, Scott, James, Sladek, Rob, Tandon, Nikhil, Teo, Yik Ying, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Watanabe, Richard M., Koistinen, Heikki A., Kesaniemi, Y. Antero, Uusitupa, Matti, Spector, Timothy D., Salomaa, Veikko, Rauramaa, Rainer, Palmer, Colin N. A., Prokopenko, Inga, Morris, Andrew D., Bergman, Richard N., Collins, Francis S., Lind, Lars, Ingelsson, Erik, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Karpe, Fredrik, Groop, Leif, Jorgensen, Torben, Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Kuusisto, Johanna, Abecasis, GonOalo, Bell, Graeme I., Blangero, John, Cox, Nancy J., Duggirala, Ravindranath, Seielstad, Mark, Wilson, James G., Dupuis, Josee, Ripatti, Samuli, Hanis, Craig L., Florez, Jose C., Mohlke, Karen L., Meigs, James B., Laakso, Markku, Morris, Andrew P., Boehnke, Michael, Altshuler, David, McCarthy, Mark I., Gloyn, Anna L., and Lindgren, Cecilia M.
Abstract: To identify novel coding association signals and facilitate characterization of mechanisms influencing glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes risk, we analyzed 109,215 variants derived from exome array genotyping together with an additional 390,225 variants from exome sequence in up to 39,339 normoglycemic individuals from five ancestry groups. We identified a novel association between the coding variant (p.Pro50Thr) in AKT2 and fasting plasma insulin (FI), a gene in which rare fully penetrant mutations are causal for monogenic glycemic disorders. The low-frequency allele is associated with a 12% increase in FI levels. This variant is present at 1.1% frequency in Finns but virtually absent in individuals from other ancestries. Carriers of the FI-increasing allele had increased 2-h insulin values, decreased insulin sensitivity, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.05). In cellular studies, the AKT2-Thr50 protein exhibited a partial loss of function. We extend the allelic spectrum for coding variants in AKT2 associated with disorders of glucose homeostasis and demonstrate bidirectional effects of variants within the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT2.
Published: 2017
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6. Data Descriptor:Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls

Author: Flannick, Jason, Fuchsberger, Christian, Mahajan, Anubha, Teslovich, Tanya M., Agarwala, Vineeta, Gaulton, Kyle J., Caulkins, Lizz, Koesterer, Ryan, Ma, Clement, Moutsianas, Loukas, McCarthy, Davis J., Rivas, Manuel A., Perry, John R.B., Sim, Xueling, Blackwell, Thomas W., Robertson, Neil R., Rayner, N. William, Cingolani, Pablo, Locke, Adam E., Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Highland, Heather M., Dupuis, Josée, Chines, Peter S., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Hartl, Christopher, Jackson, Anne U., Chen, Han, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Van De Bunt, Martijn, Pearson, Richard D., Kumar, Ashish, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Grarup, Niels, Stringham, Heather M., Gamazon, Eric R., Lee, Jaehoon, Chen, Yuhui, Scott, Robert A., Below, Jennifer E., Chen, Peng, Huang, Jinyan, Go, Min Jin, Stitzel, Michael L., Pasko, Dorota, Parker, Stephen C.J., Varga, Tibor V., Green, Todd, Beer, Nicola L., Day-Williams, Aaron G., Ferreira, Teresa, Fingerlin, Tasha, Horikoshi, Momoko, Hu, Cheng, Huh, Iksoo, Ikram, Mohammad Kamran, Kim, Bong Jo, Kim, Yongkang, Kim, Young Jin, Kwon, Min Seok, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Selyeong, Lin, Keng Han, Maxwell, Taylor J., Nagai, Yoshihiko, Wang, Xu, Welch, Ryan P., Yoon, Joon, Zhang, Weihua, Barzilai, Nir, Voight, Benjamin F., Han, Bok Ghee, Jenkinson, Christopher P., Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Manning, Alisa, Ng, Maggie C.Y., Palmer, Nicholette D., Balkau, Beverley, Stančáková, Alena, Abboud, Hanna E., Boeing, Heiner, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Gottesman, Omri, Scott, James, Carey, Jason, Kwan, Phoenix, Grant, George, Smith, Joshua D., Neale, Benjamin M., Purcell, Shaun, Butterworth, Adam S., Howson, Joanna M.M., Lee, Heung Man, Lu, Yingchang, Kwak, Soo Heon, Zhao, Wei, Danesh, John, Lam, Vincent K.L., Park, Kyong Soo, Saleheen, Danish, So, Wing Yee, Tam, Claudia H.T., Afzal, Uzma, Aguilar, David, Arya, Rector, Aung, Tin, Chan, Edmund, Navarro, Carmen, Cheng, Ching Yu, Palli, Domenico, Correa, Adolfo, Curran, Joanne E., Rybin, Dennis, Farook, Vidya S., Fowler, Sharon P., Freedman, Barry I., Griswold, Michael, Hale, Daniel Esten, Hicks, Pamela J., Khor, Chiea Chuen, Kumar, Satish, Lehne, Benjamin, Thuillier, Dorothée, Lim, Wei Yen, Liu, Jianjun, Loh, Marie, Musani, Solomon K., Puppala, Sobha, Scott, William R., Yengo, Loïc, Tan, Sian Tsung, Taylor, Herman A., Thameem, Farook, Wilson, Gregory, Wong, Tien Yin, Njølstad, Pål Rasmus, Levy, Jonathan C., Mangino, Massimo, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Schwarzmayr, Thomas, Fadista, João, Surdulescu, Gabriela L., Herder, Christian, Groves, Christopher J., Wieland, Thomas, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Koistinen, Heikki A., Doney, Alex S.F., Kinnunen, Leena, Esko, Tõnu, Farmer, Andrew J., Hakaste, Liisa, Hodgkiss, Dylan, Kravic, Jasmina, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Hollensted, Mette, Jørgensen, Marit E., Jørgensen, Torben, Ladenvall, Claes, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Käräjämäki, Annemari, Kriebel, Jennifer, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Lannfelt, Lars, Lauritzen, Torsten, Narisu, Narisu, Linneberg, Allan, Melander, Olle, Milani, Lili, Neville, Matt, Orho-Melander, Marju, Qi, Lu, Qi, Qibin, Roden, Michael, Rolandsson, Olov, Swift, Amy, Rosengren, Anders H., Stirrups, Kathleen, Wood, Andrew R., Mihailov, Evelin, Blancher, Christine, Carneiro, Mauricio O., Maguire, Jared, Poplin, Ryan, Shakir, Khalid, Fennell, Timothy, DePristo, Mark, De Angelis, Martin Hrabé, Deloukas, Panos, Gjesing, Anette P., Jun, Goo, Nilsson, Peter M., Murphy, Jacquelyn, Onofrio, Robert, Thorand, Barbara, Hansen, Torben, Meisinger, Christa, Hu, Frank B., Isomaa, Bo, Karpe, Fredrik, Liang, Liming, Peters, Annette, Huth, Cornelia, O'Rahilly, Stephen P., Palmer, Colin N.A., Pedersen, Oluf, Rauramaa, Rainer, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Salomaa, Veikko, Watanabe, Richard M., Syvänen, Ann Christine, Bergman, Richard N., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Bottinger, Erwin P., Cho, Yoon Shin, Chandak, Giriraj R., Chan, Juliana C.N., Chia, Kee Seng, Daly, Mark J., Ebrahim, Shah B., Langenberg, Claudia, Elliott, Paul, Jablonski, Kathleen A., Lehman, Donna M., Jia, Weiping, Ma, Ronald C.W., Pollin, Toni I., Sandhu, Manjinder, Tandon, Nikhil, Froguel, Philippe, Barroso, Inês, Teo, Yik Ying, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Loos, Ruth J.F., Small, Kerrin S., Ried, Janina S., DeFronzo, Ralph A., Grallert, Harald, Glaser, Benjamin, Metspalu, Andres, Wareham, Nicholas J., Walker, Mark, Banks, Eric, Gieger, Christian, Ingelsson, Erik, Im, Hae Kyung, Illig, Thomas, Franks, Paul W., Buck, Gemma, Trakalo, Joseph, Buck, David, Prokopenko, Inga, Mägi, Reedik, Lind, Lars, Farjoun, Yossi, Owen, Katharine R., Gloyn, Anna L., Strauch, Konstantin, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Kooner, Jaspal Singh, Lee, Jong Young, Park, Taesung, Donnelly, Peter, Morris, Andrew D., Hattersley, Andrew T., Bowden, Donald W., Collins, Francis S., Atzmon, Gil, Chambers, John C., Spector, Timothy D., Laakso, Markku, Strom, Tim M., Bell, Graeme I., Blangero, John, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Tai, Eshyong, McVean, Gilean, Hanis, Craig L., Wilson, James G., Seielstad, Mark, Frayling, Timothy M., Meigs, James B., Cox, Nancy J., Sladek, Rob, Lander, Eric S., Gabriel, Stacey, Mohlke, Karen L., Meitinger, Thomas, Groop, Leif, Abecasis, Goncalo, Scott, Laura J., Morris, Andrew P., Kang, Hyun Min, Altshuler, David, Burtt, Noël P., Florez, Jose C., Boehnke, Michael, McCarthy, Mark I., Flannick, Jason, Fuchsberger, Christian, Mahajan, Anubha, Teslovich, Tanya M., Agarwala, Vineeta, Gaulton, Kyle J., Caulkins, Lizz, Koesterer, Ryan, Ma, Clement, Moutsianas, Loukas, McCarthy, Davis J., Rivas, Manuel A., Perry, John R.B., Sim, Xueling, Blackwell, Thomas W., Robertson, Neil R., Rayner, N. William, Cingolani, Pablo, Locke, Adam E., Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Highland, Heather M., Dupuis, Josée, Chines, Peter S., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Hartl, Christopher, Jackson, Anne U., Chen, Han, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Van De Bunt, Martijn, Pearson, Richard D., Kumar, Ashish, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Grarup, Niels, Stringham, Heather M., Gamazon, Eric R., Lee, Jaehoon, Chen, Yuhui, Scott, Robert A., Below, Jennifer E., Chen, Peng, Huang, Jinyan, Go, Min Jin, Stitzel, Michael L., Pasko, Dorota, Parker, Stephen C.J., Varga, Tibor V., Green, Todd, Beer, Nicola L., Day-Williams, Aaron G., Ferreira, Teresa, Fingerlin, Tasha, Horikoshi, Momoko, Hu, Cheng, Huh, Iksoo, Ikram, Mohammad Kamran, Kim, Bong Jo, Kim, Yongkang, Kim, Young Jin, Kwon, Min Seok, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Selyeong, Lin, Keng Han, Maxwell, Taylor J., Nagai, Yoshihiko, Wang, Xu, Welch, Ryan P., Yoon, Joon, Zhang, Weihua, Barzilai, Nir, Voight, Benjamin F., Han, Bok Ghee, Jenkinson, Christopher P., Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Manning, Alisa, Ng, Maggie C.Y., Palmer, Nicholette D., Balkau, Beverley, Stančáková, Alena, Abboud, Hanna E., Boeing, Heiner, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Gottesman, Omri, Scott, James, Carey, Jason, Kwan, Phoenix, Grant, George, Smith, Joshua D., Neale, Benjamin M., Purcell, Shaun, Butterworth, Adam S., Howson, Joanna M.M., Lee, Heung Man, Lu, Yingchang, Kwak, Soo Heon, Zhao, Wei, Danesh, John, Lam, Vincent K.L., Park, Kyong Soo, Saleheen, Danish, So, Wing Yee, Tam, Claudia H.T., Afzal, Uzma, Aguilar, David, Arya, Rector, Aung, Tin, Chan, Edmund, Navarro, Carmen, Cheng, Ching Yu, Palli, Domenico, Correa, Adolfo, Curran, Joanne E., Rybin, Dennis, Farook, Vidya S., Fowler, Sharon P., Freedman, Barry I., Griswold, Michael, Hale, Daniel Esten, Hicks, Pamela J., Khor, Chiea Chuen, Kumar, Satish, Lehne, Benjamin, Thuillier, Dorothée, Lim, Wei Yen, Liu, Jianjun, Loh, Marie, Musani, Solomon K., Puppala, Sobha, Scott, William R., Yengo, Loïc, Tan, Sian Tsung, Taylor, Herman A., Thameem, Farook, Wilson, Gregory, Wong, Tien Yin, Njølstad, Pål Rasmus, Levy, Jonathan C., Mangino, Massimo, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Schwarzmayr, Thomas, Fadista, João, Surdulescu, Gabriela L., Herder, Christian, Groves, Christopher J., Wieland, Thomas, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Koistinen, Heikki A., Doney, Alex S.F., Kinnunen, Leena, Esko, Tõnu, Farmer, Andrew J., Hakaste, Liisa, Hodgkiss, Dylan, Kravic, Jasmina, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Hollensted, Mette, Jørgensen, Marit E., Jørgensen, Torben, Ladenvall, Claes, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Käräjämäki, Annemari, Kriebel, Jennifer, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Lannfelt, Lars, Lauritzen, Torsten, Narisu, Narisu, Linneberg, Allan, Melander, Olle, Milani, Lili, Neville, Matt, Orho-Melander, Marju, Qi, Lu, Qi, Qibin, Roden, Michael, Rolandsson, Olov, Swift, Amy, Rosengren, Anders H., Stirrups, Kathleen, Wood, Andrew R., Mihailov, Evelin, Blancher, Christine, Carneiro, Mauricio O., Maguire, Jared, Poplin, Ryan, Shakir, Khalid, Fennell, Timothy, DePristo, Mark, De Angelis, Martin Hrabé, Deloukas, Panos, Gjesing, Anette P., Jun, Goo, Nilsson, Peter M., Murphy, Jacquelyn, Onofrio, Robert, Thorand, Barbara, Hansen, Torben, Meisinger, Christa, Hu, Frank B., Isomaa, Bo, Karpe, Fredrik, Liang, Liming, Peters, Annette, Huth, Cornelia, O'Rahilly, Stephen P., Palmer, Colin N.A., Pedersen, Oluf, Rauramaa, Rainer, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Salomaa, Veikko, Watanabe, Richard M., Syvänen, Ann Christine, Bergman, Richard N., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Bottinger, Erwin P., Cho, Yoon Shin, Chandak, Giriraj R., Chan, Juliana C.N., Chia, Kee Seng, Daly, Mark J., Ebrahim, Shah B., Langenberg, Claudia, Elliott, Paul, Jablonski, Kathleen A., Lehman, Donna M., Jia, Weiping, Ma, Ronald C.W., Pollin, Toni I., Sandhu, Manjinder, Tandon, Nikhil, Froguel, Philippe, Barroso, Inês, Teo, Yik Ying, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Loos, Ruth J.F., Small, Kerrin S., Ried, Janina S., DeFronzo, Ralph A., Grallert, Harald, Glaser, Benjamin, Metspalu, Andres, Wareham, Nicholas J., Walker, Mark, Banks, Eric, Gieger, Christian, Ingelsson, Erik, Im, Hae Kyung, Illig, Thomas, Franks, Paul W., Buck, Gemma, Trakalo, Joseph, Buck, David, Prokopenko, Inga, Mägi, Reedik, Lind, Lars, Farjoun, Yossi, Owen, Katharine R., Gloyn, Anna L., Strauch, Konstantin, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Kooner, Jaspal Singh, Lee, Jong Young, Park, Taesung, Donnelly, Peter, Morris, Andrew D., Hattersley, Andrew T., Bowden, Donald W., Collins, Francis S., Atzmon, Gil, Chambers, John C., Spector, Timothy D., Laakso, Markku, Strom, Tim M., Bell, Graeme I., Blangero, John, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Tai, Eshyong, McVean, Gilean, Hanis, Craig L., Wilson, James G., Seielstad, Mark, Frayling, Timothy M., Meigs, James B., Cox, Nancy J., Sladek, Rob, Lander, Eric S., Gabriel, Stacey, Mohlke, Karen L., Meitinger, Thomas, Groop, Leif, Abecasis, Goncalo, Scott, Laura J., Morris, Andrew P., Kang, Hyun Min, Altshuler, David, Burtt, Noël P., Florez, Jose C., Boehnke, Michael, and McCarthy, Mark I.
Abstract: To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.7% of low-frequency coding variants in the whole-exome sequenced individuals. Each variant was tested for association with T2D in the sequenced individuals, and, to increase power, most were tested in larger numbers of individuals (>80% of low-frequency coding variants in ∼82 K Europeans via the exome chip, and ∼90% of low-frequency non-coding variants in ∼44 K Europeans via genotype imputation). The variants, genotypes, and association statistics from these analyses provide the largest reference to date of human genetic information relevant to T2D, for use in activities such as T2D-focused genotype imputation, functional characterization of variants or genes, and other novel analyses to detect associations between sequence variation and T2D.
Published: 2017

7. The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes

Author: Fuchsberger, Christian, Flannick, Jason, Teslovich, Tanya M., Mahajan, Anubha, Agarwala, Vineeta, Gaulton, Kyle J., Ma, Clement, Fontanillas, Pierre, Moutsianas, Loukas, McCarthy, Davis J., Rivas, Manuel A., Perry, John R. B., Sim, Xueling, Blackwell, Thomas W., Robertson, Neil R., Rayner, N. William, Cingolani, Pablo, Locke, Adam E., Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Highland, Heather M., Dupuis, Josee, Chines, Peter S., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Hartl, Christopher, Jackson, Anne U., Chen, Han, Huyghe, Jeroen R., van de Bunt, Martijn, Pearson, Richard D., Kumar, Ashish, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Grarup, Niels, Stringham, Heather M., Gamazon, Eric R., Lee, Jaehoon, Chen, Yuhui, Scott, Robert A., Below, Jennifer E., Chen, Peng, Huang, Jinyan, Go, Min Jin, Stitzel, Michael L., Pasko, Dorota, Parker, Stephen C. J., Varga, Tibor V., Green, Todd, Beer, Nicola L., Day-Williams, Aaron G., Ferreira, Teresa, Fingerlin, Tasha, Horikoshi, Momoko, Hu, Cheng, Huh, Iksoo, Ikram, Mohammad Kamran, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Yongkang, Kim, Young Jin, Kwon, Min-Seok, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Selyeong, Lin, Keng-Han, Maxwell, Taylor J., Nagai, Yoshihiko, Wang, Xu, Welch, Ryan P., Yoon, Joon, Zhang, Weihua, Barzilai, Nir, Voight, Benjamin F., Han, Bok-Ghee, Jenkinson, Christopher P., Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Manning, Alisa, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Palmer, Nicholette D., Balkau, Beverley, Stancakova, Alena, Abboud, Hanna E., Boeing, Heiner, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Gottesman, Omri, Scott, James, Carey, Jason, Kwan, Phoenix, Grant, George, Smith, Joshua D., Neale, Benjamin M., Purcell, Shaun, Butterworth, Adam S., Howson, Joanna M. M., Lee, Heung Man, Lu, Yingchang, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Zhao, Wei, Danesh, John, Lam, Vincent K. L., Park, Kyong Soo, Saleheen, Danish, So, Wing Yee, Tam, Claudia H. T., Afzal, Uzma, Aguilar, David, Arya, Rector, Aung, Tin, Chan, Edmund, Navarro, Carmen, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Palli, Domenico, Correa, Adolfo, Curran, Joanne E., Rybin, Denis, Farook, Vidya S., Fowler, Sharon P., Freedman, Barry I., Griswold, Michael, Hale, Daniel Esten, Hicks, Pamela J., Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kumar, Satish, Lehne, Benjamin, Thuillier, Dorothee, Lim, Wei Yen, Liu, Jianjun, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Loh, Marie, Musani, Solomon K., Puppala, Sobha, Scott, William R., Yengo, Loic, Tan, Sian-Tsung, Taylor, Herman A., Jr., Thameem, Farook, Wilson, Gregory, Sr., Wong, Tien Yin, Njolstad, Pal Rasmus, Levy, Jonathan C., Mangino, Massimo, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Schwarzmayr, Thomas, Fadista, Joao, Surdulescu, Gabriela L., Herder, Christian, Groves, Christopher J., Wieland, Thomas, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Koistinen, Heikki A., Doney, Alex S. F., Kinnunen, Leena, Esko, Tonu, Farmer, Andrew J., Hakaste, Liisa, Hodgkiss, Dylan, Kravic, Jasmina, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Hollensted, Mette, Jorgensen, Marit E., Jorgensen, Torben, Ladenvall, Claes, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Karajamaki, Annemari, Kriebel, Jennifer, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Lannfelt, Lars, Lauritzen, Torsten, Narisu, Narisu, Linneberg, Allan, Melander, Olle, Milani, Lili, Neville, Matt, Orho-Melander, Marju, Qi, Lu, Qi, Qibin, Roden, Michael, Rolandsson, Olov, Swift, Amy, Rosengren, Anders H., Stirrups, Kathleen, Wood, Andrew R., Mihailov, Evelin, Blancher, Christine, Carneiro, Mauricio O., Maguire, Jared, Poplin, Ryan, Shakir, Khalid, Fennell, Timothy, DePristo, Mark, de Angelis, Martin Hrabe, Deloukas, Panos, Gjesing, Anette P., Jun, Goo, Nilsson, Peter, Murphy, Jacquelyn, Onofrio, Robert, Thorand, Barbara, Hansen, Torben, Meisinger, Christa, Hu, Frank B., Isomaa, Bo, Karpe, Fredrik, Liang, Liming, Peters, Annette, Huth, Cornelia, O'Rahilly, Stephen P., Palmer, Colin N. A., Pedersen, Oluf, Rauramaa, Rainer, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Salomaa, Veikko, Watanabe, Richard M., Syvanen, Ann-Christine, Bergman, Richard N., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Bottinger, Erwin P., Cho, Yoon Shin, Chandak, Giriraj R., Chan, Juliana C. N., Chia, Kee Seng, Daly, Mark J., Ebrahim, Shah B., Langenberg, Claudia, Elliott, Paul, Jablonski, Kathleen A., Lehman, Donna M., Jia, Weiping, Ma, Ronald C. W., Pollin, Toni I., Sandhu, Manjinder, Tandon, Nikhil, Froguel, Philippe, Barroso, Ines, Teo, Yik Ying, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Loos, Ruth J. F., Small, Kerrin S., Ried, Janina S., DeFronzo, Ralph A., Grallert, Harald, Glaser, Benjamin, Metspalu, Andres, Wareham, Nicholas J., Walker, Mark, Banks, Eric, Gieger, Christian, Ingelsson, Erik, Im, Hae Kyung, Illig, Thomas, Franks, Paul W., Buck, Gemma, Trakalo, Joseph, Buck, David, Prokopenko, Inga, Magi, Reedik, Lind, Lars, Farjoun, Yossi, Owen, Katharine R., Gloyn, Anna L., Strauch, Konstantin, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Kooner, Jaspal Singh, Lee, Jong-Young, Park, Taesung, Donnelly, Peter, Morris, Andrew D., Hattersley, Andrew T., Bowden, Donald W., Collins, Francis S., Atzmon, Gil, Chambers, John C., Spector, Timothy D., Laakso, Markku, Strom, Tim M., Bell, Graeme I., Blangero, John, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Tai, E. Shyong, McVean, Gilean, Hanis, Craig L., Wilson, James G., Seielstad, Mark, Frayling, Timothy M., Meigs, James B., Cox, Nancy J., Sladek, Rob, Lander, Eric S., Gabriel, Stacey, Burtt, Noel P., Mohlke, Karen L., Meitinger, Thomas, Groop, Leif, Abecasis, Goncalo, Florez, Jose C., Scott, Laura J., Morris, Andrew P., Kang, Hyun Min, Boehnke, Michael, Altshuler, David, McCarthy, Mark I., Fuchsberger, Christian, Flannick, Jason, Teslovich, Tanya M., Mahajan, Anubha, Agarwala, Vineeta, Gaulton, Kyle J., Ma, Clement, Fontanillas, Pierre, Moutsianas, Loukas, McCarthy, Davis J., Rivas, Manuel A., Perry, John R. B., Sim, Xueling, Blackwell, Thomas W., Robertson, Neil R., Rayner, N. William, Cingolani, Pablo, Locke, Adam E., Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Highland, Heather M., Dupuis, Josee, Chines, Peter S., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Hartl, Christopher, Jackson, Anne U., Chen, Han, Huyghe, Jeroen R., van de Bunt, Martijn, Pearson, Richard D., Kumar, Ashish, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Grarup, Niels, Stringham, Heather M., Gamazon, Eric R., Lee, Jaehoon, Chen, Yuhui, Scott, Robert A., Below, Jennifer E., Chen, Peng, Huang, Jinyan, Go, Min Jin, Stitzel, Michael L., Pasko, Dorota, Parker, Stephen C. J., Varga, Tibor V., Green, Todd, Beer, Nicola L., Day-Williams, Aaron G., Ferreira, Teresa, Fingerlin, Tasha, Horikoshi, Momoko, Hu, Cheng, Huh, Iksoo, Ikram, Mohammad Kamran, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Yongkang, Kim, Young Jin, Kwon, Min-Seok, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Selyeong, Lin, Keng-Han, Maxwell, Taylor J., Nagai, Yoshihiko, Wang, Xu, Welch, Ryan P., Yoon, Joon, Zhang, Weihua, Barzilai, Nir, Voight, Benjamin F., Han, Bok-Ghee, Jenkinson, Christopher P., Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Manning, Alisa, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Palmer, Nicholette D., Balkau, Beverley, Stancakova, Alena, Abboud, Hanna E., Boeing, Heiner, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Gottesman, Omri, Scott, James, Carey, Jason, Kwan, Phoenix, Grant, George, Smith, Joshua D., Neale, Benjamin M., Purcell, Shaun, Butterworth, Adam S., Howson, Joanna M. M., Lee, Heung Man, Lu, Yingchang, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Zhao, Wei, Danesh, John, Lam, Vincent K. L., Park, Kyong Soo, Saleheen, Danish, So, Wing Yee, Tam, Claudia H. T., Afzal, Uzma, Aguilar, David, Arya, Rector, Aung, Tin, Chan, Edmund, Navarro, Carmen, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Palli, Domenico, Correa, Adolfo, Curran, Joanne E., Rybin, Denis, Farook, Vidya S., Fowler, Sharon P., Freedman, Barry I., Griswold, Michael, Hale, Daniel Esten, Hicks, Pamela J., Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kumar, Satish, Lehne, Benjamin, Thuillier, Dorothee, Lim, Wei Yen, Liu, Jianjun, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Loh, Marie, Musani, Solomon K., Puppala, Sobha, Scott, William R., Yengo, Loic, Tan, Sian-Tsung, Taylor, Herman A., Jr., Thameem, Farook, Wilson, Gregory, Sr., Wong, Tien Yin, Njolstad, Pal Rasmus, Levy, Jonathan C., Mangino, Massimo, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Schwarzmayr, Thomas, Fadista, Joao, Surdulescu, Gabriela L., Herder, Christian, Groves, Christopher J., Wieland, Thomas, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Koistinen, Heikki A., Doney, Alex S. F., Kinnunen, Leena, Esko, Tonu, Farmer, Andrew J., Hakaste, Liisa, Hodgkiss, Dylan, Kravic, Jasmina, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Hollensted, Mette, Jorgensen, Marit E., Jorgensen, Torben, Ladenvall, Claes, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Karajamaki, Annemari, Kriebel, Jennifer, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Lannfelt, Lars, Lauritzen, Torsten, Narisu, Narisu, Linneberg, Allan, Melander, Olle, Milani, Lili, Neville, Matt, Orho-Melander, Marju, Qi, Lu, Qi, Qibin, Roden, Michael, Rolandsson, Olov, Swift, Amy, Rosengren, Anders H., Stirrups, Kathleen, Wood, Andrew R., Mihailov, Evelin, Blancher, Christine, Carneiro, Mauricio O., Maguire, Jared, Poplin, Ryan, Shakir, Khalid, Fennell, Timothy, DePristo, Mark, de Angelis, Martin Hrabe, Deloukas, Panos, Gjesing, Anette P., Jun, Goo, Nilsson, Peter, Murphy, Jacquelyn, Onofrio, Robert, Thorand, Barbara, Hansen, Torben, Meisinger, Christa, Hu, Frank B., Isomaa, Bo, Karpe, Fredrik, Liang, Liming, Peters, Annette, Huth, Cornelia, O'Rahilly, Stephen P., Palmer, Colin N. A., Pedersen, Oluf, Rauramaa, Rainer, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Salomaa, Veikko, Watanabe, Richard M., Syvanen, Ann-Christine, Bergman, Richard N., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Bottinger, Erwin P., Cho, Yoon Shin, Chandak, Giriraj R., Chan, Juliana C. N., Chia, Kee Seng, Daly, Mark J., Ebrahim, Shah B., Langenberg, Claudia, Elliott, Paul, Jablonski, Kathleen A., Lehman, Donna M., Jia, Weiping, Ma, Ronald C. W., Pollin, Toni I., Sandhu, Manjinder, Tandon, Nikhil, Froguel, Philippe, Barroso, Ines, Teo, Yik Ying, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Loos, Ruth J. F., Small, Kerrin S., Ried, Janina S., DeFronzo, Ralph A., Grallert, Harald, Glaser, Benjamin, Metspalu, Andres, Wareham, Nicholas J., Walker, Mark, Banks, Eric, Gieger, Christian, Ingelsson, Erik, Im, Hae Kyung, Illig, Thomas, Franks, Paul W., Buck, Gemma, Trakalo, Joseph, Buck, David, Prokopenko, Inga, Magi, Reedik, Lind, Lars, Farjoun, Yossi, Owen, Katharine R., Gloyn, Anna L., Strauch, Konstantin, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Kooner, Jaspal Singh, Lee, Jong-Young, Park, Taesung, Donnelly, Peter, Morris, Andrew D., Hattersley, Andrew T., Bowden, Donald W., Collins, Francis S., Atzmon, Gil, Chambers, John C., Spector, Timothy D., Laakso, Markku, Strom, Tim M., Bell, Graeme I., Blangero, John, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Tai, E. Shyong, McVean, Gilean, Hanis, Craig L., Wilson, James G., Seielstad, Mark, Frayling, Timothy M., Meigs, James B., Cox, Nancy J., Sladek, Rob, Lander, Eric S., Gabriel, Stacey, Burtt, Noel P., Mohlke, Karen L., Meitinger, Thomas, Groop, Leif, Abecasis, Goncalo, Florez, Jose C., Scott, Laura J., Morris, Andrew P., Kang, Hyun Min, Boehnke, Michael, Altshuler, David, and McCarthy, Mark I.
Abstract: The genetic architecture of common traits, including the number, frequency, and effect sizes of inherited variants that contribute to individual risk, has been long debated. Genome-wide association studies have identified scores of common variants associated with type 2 diabetes, but in aggregate, these explain only a fraction of the heritability of this disease. Here, to test the hypothesis that lower-frequency variants explain much of the remainder, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia performed whole-genome sequencing in 2,657 European individuals with and without diabetes, and exome sequencing in 12,940 individuals from five ancestry groups. To increase statistical power, we expanded the sample size via genotyping and imputation in a further 111,548 subjects. Variants associated with type 2 diabetes after sequencing were overwhelmingly common and most fell within regions previously identified by genome-wide association studies. Comprehensive enumeration of sequence variation is necessary to identify functional alleles that provide important clues to disease pathophysiology, but large-scale sequencing does not support the idea that lower-frequency variants have a major role in predisposition to type 2 diabetes.
Published: 2016
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8. Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans.

Author: Lek, Monkol, Lek, Monkol, Karczewski, Konrad J, Minikel, Eric V, Samocha, Kaitlin E, Banks, Eric, Fennell, Timothy, O'Donnell-Luria, Anne H, Ware, James S, Hill, Andrew J, Cummings, Beryl B, Tukiainen, Taru, Birnbaum, Daniel P, Kosmicki, Jack A, Duncan, Laramie E, Estrada, Karol, Zhao, Fengmei, Zou, James, Pierce-Hoffman, Emma, Berghout, Joanne, Cooper, David N, Deflaux, Nicole, DePristo, Mark, Do, Ron, Flannick, Jason, Fromer, Menachem, Gauthier, Laura, Goldstein, Jackie, Gupta, Namrata, Howrigan, Daniel, Kiezun, Adam, Kurki, Mitja I, Moonshine, Ami Levy, Natarajan, Pradeep, Orozco, Lorena, Peloso, Gina M, Poplin, Ryan, Rivas, Manuel A, Ruano-Rubio, Valentin, Rose, Samuel A, Ruderfer, Douglas M, Shakir, Khalid, Stenson, Peter D, Stevens, Christine, Thomas, Brett P, Tiao, Grace, Tusie-Luna, Maria T, Weisburd, Ben, Won, Hong-Hee, Yu, Dongmei, Altshuler, David M, Ardissino, Diego, Boehnke, Michael, Danesh, John, Donnelly, Stacey, Elosua, Roberto, Florez, Jose C, Gabriel, Stacey B, Getz, Gad, Glatt, Stephen J, Hultman, Christina M, Kathiresan, Sekar, Laakso, Markku, McCarroll, Steven, McCarthy, Mark I, McGovern, Dermot, McPherson, Ruth, Neale, Benjamin M, Palotie, Aarno, Purcell, Shaun M, Saleheen, Danish, Scharf, Jeremiah M, Sklar, Pamela, Sullivan, Patrick F, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tsuang, Ming T, Watkins, Hugh C, Wilson, James G, Daly, Mark J, MacArthur, Daniel G, Exome Aggregation Consortium, Lek, Monkol, Lek, Monkol, Karczewski, Konrad J, Minikel, Eric V, Samocha, Kaitlin E, Banks, Eric, Fennell, Timothy, O'Donnell-Luria, Anne H, Ware, James S, Hill, Andrew J, Cummings, Beryl B, Tukiainen, Taru, Birnbaum, Daniel P, Kosmicki, Jack A, Duncan, Laramie E, Estrada, Karol, Zhao, Fengmei, Zou, James, Pierce-Hoffman, Emma, Berghout, Joanne, Cooper, David N, Deflaux, Nicole, DePristo, Mark, Do, Ron, Flannick, Jason, Fromer, Menachem, Gauthier, Laura, Goldstein, Jackie, Gupta, Namrata, Howrigan, Daniel, Kiezun, Adam, Kurki, Mitja I, Moonshine, Ami Levy, Natarajan, Pradeep, Orozco, Lorena, Peloso, Gina M, Poplin, Ryan, Rivas, Manuel A, Ruano-Rubio, Valentin, Rose, Samuel A, Ruderfer, Douglas M, Shakir, Khalid, Stenson, Peter D, Stevens, Christine, Thomas, Brett P, Tiao, Grace, Tusie-Luna, Maria T, Weisburd, Ben, Won, Hong-Hee, Yu, Dongmei, Altshuler, David M, Ardissino, Diego, Boehnke, Michael, Danesh, John, Donnelly, Stacey, Elosua, Roberto, Florez, Jose C, Gabriel, Stacey B, Getz, Gad, Glatt, Stephen J, Hultman, Christina M, Kathiresan, Sekar, Laakso, Markku, McCarroll, Steven, McCarthy, Mark I, McGovern, Dermot, McPherson, Ruth, Neale, Benjamin M, Palotie, Aarno, Purcell, Shaun M, Saleheen, Danish, Scharf, Jeremiah M, Sklar, Pamela, Sullivan, Patrick F, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tsuang, Ming T, Watkins, Hugh C, Wilson, James G, Daly, Mark J, MacArthur, Daniel G, and Exome Aggregation Consortium
Abstract: Large-scale reference data sets of human genetic variation are critical for the medical and functional interpretation of DNA sequence changes. Here we describe the aggregation and analysis of high-quality exome (protein-coding region) DNA sequence data for 60,706 individuals of diverse ancestries generated as part of the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). This catalogue of human genetic diversity contains an average of one variant every eight bases of the exome, and provides direct evidence for the presence of widespread mutational recurrence. We have used this catalogue to calculate objective metrics of pathogenicity for sequence variants, and to identify genes subject to strong selection against various classes of mutation; identifying 3,230 genes with near-complete depletion of predicted protein-truncating variants, with 72% of these genes having no currently established human disease phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that these data can be used for the efficient filtering of candidate disease-causing variants, and for the discovery of human 'knockout' variants in protein-coding genes.
Published: 2016

9. Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans

Author: University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Jaakko Tuomilehto Research Group, Lek, Monkol, Karczewski, Konrad J., Minikel, Eric V., Samocha, Kaitlin E., Banks, Eric, Fennell, Timothy, O'Donnell-Luria, Anne H., Ware, James S., Hill, Andrew J., Cummings, Beryl B., Tukiainen, Taru, Birnbaum, Daniel P., Kosmicki, Jack A., Duncan, Laramie E., Estrada, Karol, Zhao, Fengmei, Zou, James, Pierce-Hollman, Emma, Berghout, Joanne, Cooper, David N., Deflaux, Nicole, DePristo, Mark, Do, Ron, Flannick, Jason, Fromer, Menachem, Gauthier, Laura, Goldstein, Jackie, Gupta, Namrata, Howrigan, Daniel, Kiezun, Adam, Kurki, Mitja I., Moonshine, Ami Levy, Natarajan, Pradeep, Orozeo, Lorena, Peloso, Gina M., Poplin, Ryan, Rivas, Manuel A., Ruano-Rubio, Valentin, Rose, Samuel A., Ruderfer, Douglas M., Shakir, Khalid, Stenson, Peter D., Stevens, Christine, Thomas, Brett P., Tiao, Grace, Tusie-Luna, Maria T., Weisburd, Ben, Won, Hong-Hee, Yu, Dongmei, Altshuler, David M., Ardissino, Diego, Boehnke, Michael, Danesh, John, Donnelly, Stacey, Elosua, Roberto, Florez, Jose C., Gabriel, Stacey B., Getz, Gad, Glatt, Stephen J., Hultman, Christina M., Kathiresan, Sekar, Laakso, Markku, NcCarroll, Steven, McCarthy, Mark I., McGovern, Dermot, McPherson, Ruth, Neale, Benjamin M., Palotie, Aarno, Purcell, Shaun M., Saleheen, Danish, Scharf, Jeremiah M., Sklar, Pamela, Sullivan, Patrick F., Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tsuang, Ming T., Watkins, Hugh C., Wilson, James G., Daly, Mark J., MacArthur, Daniel G., Exome Aggregation Consortium, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Jaakko Tuomilehto Research Group, Lek, Monkol, Karczewski, Konrad J., Minikel, Eric V., Samocha, Kaitlin E., Banks, Eric, Fennell, Timothy, O'Donnell-Luria, Anne H., Ware, James S., Hill, Andrew J., Cummings, Beryl B., Tukiainen, Taru, Birnbaum, Daniel P., Kosmicki, Jack A., Duncan, Laramie E., Estrada, Karol, Zhao, Fengmei, Zou, James, Pierce-Hollman, Emma, Berghout, Joanne, Cooper, David N., Deflaux, Nicole, DePristo, Mark, Do, Ron, Flannick, Jason, Fromer, Menachem, Gauthier, Laura, Goldstein, Jackie, Gupta, Namrata, Howrigan, Daniel, Kiezun, Adam, Kurki, Mitja I., Moonshine, Ami Levy, Natarajan, Pradeep, Orozeo, Lorena, Peloso, Gina M., Poplin, Ryan, Rivas, Manuel A., Ruano-Rubio, Valentin, Rose, Samuel A., Ruderfer, Douglas M., Shakir, Khalid, Stenson, Peter D., Stevens, Christine, Thomas, Brett P., Tiao, Grace, Tusie-Luna, Maria T., Weisburd, Ben, Won, Hong-Hee, Yu, Dongmei, Altshuler, David M., Ardissino, Diego, Boehnke, Michael, Danesh, John, Donnelly, Stacey, Elosua, Roberto, Florez, Jose C., Gabriel, Stacey B., Getz, Gad, Glatt, Stephen J., Hultman, Christina M., Kathiresan, Sekar, Laakso, Markku, NcCarroll, Steven, McCarthy, Mark I., McGovern, Dermot, McPherson, Ruth, Neale, Benjamin M., Palotie, Aarno, Purcell, Shaun M., Saleheen, Danish, Scharf, Jeremiah M., Sklar, Pamela, Sullivan, Patrick F., Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tsuang, Ming T., Watkins, Hugh C., Wilson, James G., Daly, Mark J., MacArthur, Daniel G., and Exome Aggregation Consortium
Abstract: Large-scale reference data sets of human genetic variation are critical for the medical and functional interpretation of DNA sequence changes. Here we describe the aggregation and analysis of high-quality exome (protein-coding region) DNA sequence data for 60,706 individuals of diverse ancestries generated as part of the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). This catalogue of human genetic diversity contains an average of one variant every eight bases of the exome, and provides direct evidence for the presence of widespread mutational recurrence. We have used this catalogue to calculate objective metrics of pathogenicity for sequence variants, and to identify genes subject to strong selection against various classes of mutation; identifying 3,230 genes with near-complete depletion of predicted protein-truncating variants, with 72% of these genes having no currently established human disease phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that these data can be used for the efficient filtering of candidate disease-causing variants, and for the discovery of human 'knockout' variants in protein-coding genes.
Published: 2016

10. The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes

Author: JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Circulatory Health, Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Fuchsberger, Christian, Flannick, Jason, Teslovich, Tanya M, Mahajan, Anubha, Agarwala, Vineeta, Gaulton, Kyle J, Ma, Clement, Fontanillas, Pierre, Moutsianas, Loukas, McCarthy, Davis J, Rivas, Manuel A, Perry, John R B, Sim, Xueling, Blackwell, Thomas W, Robertson, Neil R, Rayner, N William, Cingolani, Pablo, Locke, Adam E, Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Highland, Heather M, Dupuis, Josee, Chines, Peter S, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Hartl, Christopher, Jackson, Anne U, Chen, Han, Huyghe, Jeroen R, van de Bunt, Martijn, Pearson, Richard D, Kumar, Ashish, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Grarup, Niels, Stringham, Heather M, Gamazon, Eric R, Lee, Jaehoon, Chen, Yuhui, Scott, Robert A, Below, Jennifer E, Chen, Peng, Huang, Jinyan, Go, Min Jin, Stitzel, Michael L, Pasko, Dorota, Parker, Stephen C J, Varga, Tibor V, Green, Todd, Beer, Nicola L, Day-Williams, Aaron G, Ferreira, Teresa, Fingerlin, Tasha, Horikoshi, Momoko, Hu, Cheng, Huh, Iksoo, Ikram, Mohammad Kamran, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Yongkang, Kim, Young Jin, Kwon, Min-Seok, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Selyeong, Lin, Keng-Han, Maxwell, Taylor J, Nagai, Yoshihiko, Wang, Xu, Welch, Ryan P, Yoon, Joon, Zhang, Weihua, Barzilai, Nir, Voight, Benjamin F, Han, Bok-Ghee, Jenkinson, Christopher P, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Manning, Alisa, Ng, Maggie C Y, Palmer, Nicholette D, Balkau, Beverley, Stančáková, Alena, Abboud, Hanna E, Boeing, Heiner, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Gottesman, Omri, Scott, James, Carey, Jason, Kwan, Phoenix, Grant, George, Smith, Joshua D, Neale, Benjamin M, Purcell, Shaun, Butterworth, Adam S, Howson, Joanna M M, Lee, Heung Man, Lu, Yingchang, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Zhao, Wei, Danesh, John, Lam, Vincent K L, Park, Kyong Soo, Saleheen, Danish, So, Wing Yee, Tam, Claudia H T, Afzal, Uzma, Aguilar, David, Arya, Rector, Aung, Tin, Chan, Edmund, Navarro, Carmen, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Palli, Domenico, Correa, Adolfo, Curran, Joanne E, Rybin, Denis, Farook, Vidya S, Fowler, Sharon P, Freedman, Barry I, Griswold, Michael, Hale, Daniel Esten, Hicks, Pamela J, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kumar, Satish, Lehne, Benjamin, Thuillier, Dorothée, Lim, Wei Yen, Liu, Jianjun, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Loh, Marie, Musani, Solomon K, Puppala, Sobha, Scott, William R, Yengo, Loïc, Tan, Sian-Tsung, Taylor, Herman A, Thameem, Farook, Wilson, Gregory, Wong, Tien Yin, Njølstad, Pål Rasmus, Levy, Jonathan C, Mangino, Massimo, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Schwarzmayr, Thomas, Fadista, João, Surdulescu, Gabriela L, Herder, Christian, Groves, Christopher J, Wieland, Thomas, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Koistinen, Heikki A, Doney, Alex S F, Kinnunen, Leena, Esko, Tõnu, Farmer, Andrew J, Hakaste, Liisa, Hodgkiss, Dylan, Kravic, Jasmina, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Hollensted, Mette, Jørgensen, Marit E, Jørgensen, Torben, Ladenvall, Claes, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Käräjämäki, Annemari, Kriebel, Jennifer, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Lannfelt, Lars, Lauritzen, Torsten, Narisu, Narisu, Linneberg, Allan, Melander, Olle, Milani, Lili, Neville, Matt, Orho-Melander, Marju, Qi, Lu, Qi, Qibin, Roden, Michael, Rolandsson, Olov, Swift, Amy, Rosengren, Anders H, Stirrups, Kathleen, Wood, Andrew R, Mihailov, Evelin, Blancher, Christine, Carneiro, Mauricio O, Maguire, Jared, Poplin, Ryan, Shakir, Khalid, Fennell, Timothy, DePristo, Mark, Hrabé de Angelis, Martin, Deloukas, Panos, Gjesing, Anette P, Jun, Goo, Nilsson, Peter, Murphy, Jacquelyn, Onofrio, Robert, Thorand, Barbara, Hansen, Torben, Meisinger, Christa, Hu, Frank B, Isomaa, Bo, Karpe, Fredrik, Liang, Liming, Peters, Annette, Huth, Cornelia, O'Rahilly, Stephen P, Palmer, Colin N A, Pedersen, Oluf, Rauramaa, Rainer, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Salomaa, Veikko, Watanabe, Richard M, Syvänen, Ann-Christine, Bergman, Richard N, Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Bottinger, Erwin P, Cho, Yoon Shin, Chandak, Giriraj R, Chan, Juliana C N, Chia, Kee Seng, Daly, Mark J, Ebrahim, Shah B, Langenberg, Claudia, Elliott, Paul, Jablonski, Kathleen A, Lehman, Donna M, Jia, Weiping, Ma, Ronald C W, Pollin, Toni I, Sandhu, Manjinder, Tandon, Nikhil, Froguel, Philippe, Barroso, Inês, Teo, Yik Ying, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Loos, Ruth J F, Small, Kerrin S, Ried, Janina S, DeFronzo, Ralph A, Grallert, Harald, Glaser, Benjamin, Metspalu, Andres, Wareham, Nicholas J, Walker, Mark, Banks, Eric, Gieger, Christian, Ingelsson, Erik, Im, Hae Kyung, Illig, Thomas, Franks, Paul W, Buck, Gemma, Trakalo, Joseph, Buck, David, Prokopenko, Inga, Mägi, Reedik, Lind, Lars, Farjoun, Yossi, Owen, Katharine R, Gloyn, Anna L, Strauch, Konstantin, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Kooner, Jaspal Singh, Lee, Jong-Young, Park, Taesung, Donnelly, Peter, Morris, Andrew D, Hattersley, Andrew T, Bowden, Donald W, Collins, Francis S, Atzmon, Gil, Chambers, John C, Spector, Timothy D, Laakso, Markku, Strom, Tim M, Bell, Graeme I, Blangero, John, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Tai, E Shyong, McVean, Gilean, Hanis, Craig L, Wilson, James G, Seielstad, Mark, Frayling, Timothy M, Meigs, James B, Cox, Nancy J, Sladek, Rob, Lander, Eric S, Gabriel, Stacey, Burtt, Noël P, Mohlke, Karen L, Meitinger, Thomas, Groop, Leif, Abecasis, Goncalo, Florez, Jose C, Scott, Laura J, Morris, Andrew P, Kang, Hyun Min, Boehnke, Michael, Altshuler, David, McCarthy, Mark I, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Circulatory Health, Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Fuchsberger, Christian, Flannick, Jason, Teslovich, Tanya M, Mahajan, Anubha, Agarwala, Vineeta, Gaulton, Kyle J, Ma, Clement, Fontanillas, Pierre, Moutsianas, Loukas, McCarthy, Davis J, Rivas, Manuel A, Perry, John R B, Sim, Xueling, Blackwell, Thomas W, Robertson, Neil R, Rayner, N William, Cingolani, Pablo, Locke, Adam E, Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Highland, Heather M, Dupuis, Josee, Chines, Peter S, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Hartl, Christopher, Jackson, Anne U, Chen, Han, Huyghe, Jeroen R, van de Bunt, Martijn, Pearson, Richard D, Kumar, Ashish, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Grarup, Niels, Stringham, Heather M, Gamazon, Eric R, Lee, Jaehoon, Chen, Yuhui, Scott, Robert A, Below, Jennifer E, Chen, Peng, Huang, Jinyan, Go, Min Jin, Stitzel, Michael L, Pasko, Dorota, Parker, Stephen C J, Varga, Tibor V, Green, Todd, Beer, Nicola L, Day-Williams, Aaron G, Ferreira, Teresa, Fingerlin, Tasha, Horikoshi, Momoko, Hu, Cheng, Huh, Iksoo, Ikram, Mohammad Kamran, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Yongkang, Kim, Young Jin, Kwon, Min-Seok, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Selyeong, Lin, Keng-Han, Maxwell, Taylor J, Nagai, Yoshihiko, Wang, Xu, Welch, Ryan P, Yoon, Joon, Zhang, Weihua, Barzilai, Nir, Voight, Benjamin F, Han, Bok-Ghee, Jenkinson, Christopher P, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Manning, Alisa, Ng, Maggie C Y, Palmer, Nicholette D, Balkau, Beverley, Stančáková, Alena, Abboud, Hanna E, Boeing, Heiner, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Gottesman, Omri, Scott, James, Carey, Jason, Kwan, Phoenix, Grant, George, Smith, Joshua D, Neale, Benjamin M, Purcell, Shaun, Butterworth, Adam S, Howson, Joanna M M, Lee, Heung Man, Lu, Yingchang, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Zhao, Wei, Danesh, John, Lam, Vincent K L, Park, Kyong Soo, Saleheen, Danish, So, Wing Yee, Tam, Claudia H T, Afzal, Uzma, Aguilar, David, Arya, Rector, Aung, Tin, Chan, Edmund, Navarro, Carmen, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Palli, Domenico, Correa, Adolfo, Curran, Joanne E, Rybin, Denis, Farook, Vidya S, Fowler, Sharon P, Freedman, Barry I, Griswold, Michael, Hale, Daniel Esten, Hicks, Pamela J, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kumar, Satish, Lehne, Benjamin, Thuillier, Dorothée, Lim, Wei Yen, Liu, Jianjun, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Loh, Marie, Musani, Solomon K, Puppala, Sobha, Scott, William R, Yengo, Loïc, Tan, Sian-Tsung, Taylor, Herman A, Thameem, Farook, Wilson, Gregory, Wong, Tien Yin, Njølstad, Pål Rasmus, Levy, Jonathan C, Mangino, Massimo, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Schwarzmayr, Thomas, Fadista, João, Surdulescu, Gabriela L, Herder, Christian, Groves, Christopher J, Wieland, Thomas, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Koistinen, Heikki A, Doney, Alex S F, Kinnunen, Leena, Esko, Tõnu, Farmer, Andrew J, Hakaste, Liisa, Hodgkiss, Dylan, Kravic, Jasmina, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Hollensted, Mette, Jørgensen, Marit E, Jørgensen, Torben, Ladenvall, Claes, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Käräjämäki, Annemari, Kriebel, Jennifer, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Lannfelt, Lars, Lauritzen, Torsten, Narisu, Narisu, Linneberg, Allan, Melander, Olle, Milani, Lili, Neville, Matt, Orho-Melander, Marju, Qi, Lu, Qi, Qibin, Roden, Michael, Rolandsson, Olov, Swift, Amy, Rosengren, Anders H, Stirrups, Kathleen, Wood, Andrew R, Mihailov, Evelin, Blancher, Christine, Carneiro, Mauricio O, Maguire, Jared, Poplin, Ryan, Shakir, Khalid, Fennell, Timothy, DePristo, Mark, Hrabé de Angelis, Martin, Deloukas, Panos, Gjesing, Anette P, Jun, Goo, Nilsson, Peter, Murphy, Jacquelyn, Onofrio, Robert, Thorand, Barbara, Hansen, Torben, Meisinger, Christa, Hu, Frank B, Isomaa, Bo, Karpe, Fredrik, Liang, Liming, Peters, Annette, Huth, Cornelia, O'Rahilly, Stephen P, Palmer, Colin N A, Pedersen, Oluf, Rauramaa, Rainer, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Salomaa, Veikko, Watanabe, Richard M, Syvänen, Ann-Christine, Bergman, Richard N, Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Bottinger, Erwin P, Cho, Yoon Shin, Chandak, Giriraj R, Chan, Juliana C N, Chia, Kee Seng, Daly, Mark J, Ebrahim, Shah B, Langenberg, Claudia, Elliott, Paul, Jablonski, Kathleen A, Lehman, Donna M, Jia, Weiping, Ma, Ronald C W, Pollin, Toni I, Sandhu, Manjinder, Tandon, Nikhil, Froguel, Philippe, Barroso, Inês, Teo, Yik Ying, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Loos, Ruth J F, Small, Kerrin S, Ried, Janina S, DeFronzo, Ralph A, Grallert, Harald, Glaser, Benjamin, Metspalu, Andres, Wareham, Nicholas J, Walker, Mark, Banks, Eric, Gieger, Christian, Ingelsson, Erik, Im, Hae Kyung, Illig, Thomas, Franks, Paul W, Buck, Gemma, Trakalo, Joseph, Buck, David, Prokopenko, Inga, Mägi, Reedik, Lind, Lars, Farjoun, Yossi, Owen, Katharine R, Gloyn, Anna L, Strauch, Konstantin, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Kooner, Jaspal Singh, Lee, Jong-Young, Park, Taesung, Donnelly, Peter, Morris, Andrew D, Hattersley, Andrew T, Bowden, Donald W, Collins, Francis S, Atzmon, Gil, Chambers, John C, Spector, Timothy D, Laakso, Markku, Strom, Tim M, Bell, Graeme I, Blangero, John, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Tai, E Shyong, McVean, Gilean, Hanis, Craig L, Wilson, James G, Seielstad, Mark, Frayling, Timothy M, Meigs, James B, Cox, Nancy J, Sladek, Rob, Lander, Eric S, Gabriel, Stacey, Burtt, Noël P, Mohlke, Karen L, Meitinger, Thomas, Groop, Leif, Abecasis, Goncalo, Florez, Jose C, Scott, Laura J, Morris, Andrew P, Kang, Hyun Min, Boehnke, Michael, Altshuler, David, and McCarthy, Mark I
Published: 2016

11. Loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A8 protect against type 2 diabetes

Author: Flannick, Jason, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Beer, Nicola L., Jacobs, Suzanne B. R., Grarup, Niels, Burtt, Noel P., Mahajan, Anubha, Fuchsberger, Christian, Atzmon, Gil, Benediktsson, Rafn, Blangero, John, Bowden, Don W., Brandslund, Ivan, Brosnan, Julia, Burslem, Frank, Chambers, John, Cho, Yoon Shin, Christensen, Cramer, Douglas, Desiree A., Duggirala, Ravindranath, Dymek, Zachary, Farjoun, Yossi, Fennell, Timothy, Fontanillas, Pierre, Forsen, Tom, Gabriel, Stacey, Glaser, Benjamin, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Hanis, Craig, Hansen, Torben, Hreidarsson, Astradur B., Hveem, Kristian, Ingelsson, Erik, Isomaa, Bo, Johansson, Stefan, Jorgensen, Torben, Jorgensen, Marit Eika, Kathiresan, Sekar, Kong, Augustine, Kooner, Jaspal, Kravic, Jasmina, Laakso, Markku, Lee, Jong-Young, Lind, Lars, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Linneberg, Allan, Masson, Gisli, Meitinger, Thomas, Mohlke, Karen L., Molven, Anders, Morris, Andrew P., Potluri, Shobha, Rauramaa, Rainer, Ribel-Madsen, Rasmus, Richard, Ann-Marie, Rolph, Tim, Salomaa, Veikko, Segre, Ayellet V., Skaerstrand, Hanna, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stringham, Heather M., Sulem, Patrick, Tai, E. Shyong, Teo, Yik Ying, Teslovich, Tanya, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Trimmer, Jeff K., Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Vaziri-Sani, Fariba, Voight, Benjamin F., Wilson, James G., Boehnke, Michael, McCarthy, Mark I., Njolstad, Pal R., Pedersen, Oluf, Groop, Leif, Cox, David R., Stefansson, Kari, Altshuler, David, Flannick, Jason, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Beer, Nicola L., Jacobs, Suzanne B. R., Grarup, Niels, Burtt, Noel P., Mahajan, Anubha, Fuchsberger, Christian, Atzmon, Gil, Benediktsson, Rafn, Blangero, John, Bowden, Don W., Brandslund, Ivan, Brosnan, Julia, Burslem, Frank, Chambers, John, Cho, Yoon Shin, Christensen, Cramer, Douglas, Desiree A., Duggirala, Ravindranath, Dymek, Zachary, Farjoun, Yossi, Fennell, Timothy, Fontanillas, Pierre, Forsen, Tom, Gabriel, Stacey, Glaser, Benjamin, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Hanis, Craig, Hansen, Torben, Hreidarsson, Astradur B., Hveem, Kristian, Ingelsson, Erik, Isomaa, Bo, Johansson, Stefan, Jorgensen, Torben, Jorgensen, Marit Eika, Kathiresan, Sekar, Kong, Augustine, Kooner, Jaspal, Kravic, Jasmina, Laakso, Markku, Lee, Jong-Young, Lind, Lars, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Linneberg, Allan, Masson, Gisli, Meitinger, Thomas, Mohlke, Karen L., Molven, Anders, Morris, Andrew P., Potluri, Shobha, Rauramaa, Rainer, Ribel-Madsen, Rasmus, Richard, Ann-Marie, Rolph, Tim, Salomaa, Veikko, Segre, Ayellet V., Skaerstrand, Hanna, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stringham, Heather M., Sulem, Patrick, Tai, E. Shyong, Teo, Yik Ying, Teslovich, Tanya, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Trimmer, Jeff K., Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Vaziri-Sani, Fariba, Voight, Benjamin F., Wilson, James G., Boehnke, Michael, McCarthy, Mark I., Njolstad, Pal R., Pedersen, Oluf, Groop, Leif, Cox, David R., Stefansson, Kari, and Altshuler, David
Abstract: Loss-of-function mutations protective against human disease provide in vivo validation of therapeutic targets1-3, but none have yet been described for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Through sequencing or genotyping of -150,000 individuals across 5 ancestry groups, we identified 12 rare protein-truncating variants in SLC30A8, which encodes an islet zinc transporter (ZnT8) 4 and harbors a common variant (p. Trp325Arg) associated with T2D risk and glucose and proinsulin levels5-7. Collectively, carriers of protein-truncating variants had 65% reduced T2D risk (P = 1.7 x 10(-6)), and non-diabetic Icelandic carriers of a frameshift variant (p. Lys34Serfs* 50) demonstrated reduced glucose levels (-0.17 s. d., P = 4.6 x 10(-4)). The two most common proteintruncating variants (p. Arg138* and p. Lys34Serfs* 50) individually associate with T2D protection and encode unstable ZnT8 proteins. Previous functional study of SLC30A8 suggested that reduced zinc transport increases T2D risk(8,9), and phenotypic heterogeneity was observed in mouse Slc30a8 knockouts(10-15). In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in humans provide strong evidence that SLC30A8 haploinsufficiency protects against T2D, suggesting ZnT8 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in T2D prevention.
Published: 2014
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12. Discovery and characterization of artifactual mutations in deep coverage targeted capture sequencing data due to oxidative DNA damage during sample preparation

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Lander, Eric S., Costello, Maura, Pugh, Trevor J., Fennell, Timothy, Stewart, Chip, Lichtenstein, Lee, Meldrim, James C., Fostel, Jennifer L., Friedrich, Dennis C., Perrin, Danielle, Dionne, Danielle, Kim, Sharon, Gabriel, Stacey B., Fisher, Sheila, Getz, Gad, Lander, Eric Steven, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Lander, Eric S., Costello, Maura, Pugh, Trevor J., Fennell, Timothy, Stewart, Chip, Lichtenstein, Lee, Meldrim, James C., Fostel, Jennifer L., Friedrich, Dennis C., Perrin, Danielle, Dionne, Danielle, Kim, Sharon, Gabriel, Stacey B., Fisher, Sheila, Getz, Gad, and Lander, Eric Steven
Abstract: As researchers begin probing deep coverage sequencing data for increasingly rare mutations and subclonal events, the fidelity of next generation sequencing (NGS) laboratory methods will become increasingly critical. Although error rates for sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are well documented, the effects that DNA extraction and other library preparation steps could have on downstream sequence integrity have not been thoroughly evaluated. Here, we describe the discovery of novel C > A/G > T transversion artifacts found at low allelic fractions in targeted capture data. Characteristics such as sequencer read orientation and presence in both tumor and normal samples strongly indicated a non-biological mechanism. We identified the source as oxidation of DNA during acoustic shearing in samples containing reactive contaminants from the extraction process. We show generation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) lesions during DNA shearing, present analysis tools to detect oxidation in sequencing data and suggest methods to reduce DNA oxidation through the introduction of antioxidants. Further, informatics methods are presented to confidently filter these artifacts from sequencing data sets. Though only seen in a low percentage of reads in affected samples, such artifacts could have profoundly deleterious effects on the ability to confidently call rare mutations, and eliminating other possible sources of artifacts should become a priority for the research community., National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.) (HG03067-05)
Published: 2014

13. Comparative analysis of RNA sequencing methods for degraded or low-input samples

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Regev, Aviv, Adiconis, Xian, Borges-Rivera, Diego, Satija, Rahul, DeLuca, David S., Busby, Michele A., Berlin, Aaron M., Sivachenko, Andrey, Thompson, Dawn Anne, Wysoker, Alec, Fennell, Timothy, Gnirke, Andreas, Pochet, Nathalie, Levin, Joshua Z., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Regev, Aviv, Adiconis, Xian, Borges-Rivera, Diego, Satija, Rahul, DeLuca, David S., Busby, Michele A., Berlin, Aaron M., Sivachenko, Andrey, Thompson, Dawn Anne, Wysoker, Alec, Fennell, Timothy, Gnirke, Andreas, Pochet, Nathalie, and Levin, Joshua Z.
Abstract: available in PMC 2014 January 01, RNA-seq is an effective method for studying the transcriptome, but it can be difficult to apply to scarce or degraded RNA from fixed clinical samples, rare cell populations or cadavers. Recent studies have proposed several methods for RNA-seq of low-quality and/or low-quantity samples, but the relative merits of these methods have not been systematically analyzed. Here we compare five such methods using metrics relevant to transcriptome annotation, transcript discovery and gene expression. Using a single human RNA sample, we constructed and sequenced ten libraries with these methods and compared them against two control libraries. We found that the RNase H method performed best for chemically fragmented, low-quality RNA, and we confirmed this through analysis of actual degraded samples. RNase H can even effectively replace oligo(dT)-based methods for standard RNA-seq. SMART and NuGEN had distinct strengths for measuring low-quantity RNA. Our analysis allows biologists to select the most suitable methods and provides a benchmark for future method development., National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Pioneer Award DP1-OD003958-01), National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.) (NHGRI) 1P01HG005062-01), National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.) (NHGRI Center of Excellence in Genome Science Award 1P50HG006193-01), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Investigator), Merkin Family Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (Klarman Cell Observatory), National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.) (NHGRI grant HG03067), Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek--Vlaanderen
Published: 2014

14. Financial Services Industry

Author: INDUSTRIAL COLL OF THE ARMED FORCES WASHINGTON DC, Bassett, David G., Clark, Robert J., Cooper, Laura K., Coyne, Kevin J., Dickinson, Gary W., Dogu, Laura F., Fennell, Timothy J., McCollum, Portia E., Metzler, Greg, Naumchik, Lewis C., INDUSTRIAL COLL OF THE ARMED FORCES WASHINGTON DC, Bassett, David G., Clark, Robert J., Cooper, Laura K., Coyne, Kevin J., Dickinson, Gary W., Dogu, Laura F., Fennell, Timothy J., McCollum, Portia E., Metzler, Greg, and Naumchik, Lewis C.
Abstract: The financial services industry the complex web of organizations and firms that deal with the management of money serves as the foundation for U.S. industry and the broader economy. Through efficient and orderly allocation of capital within the U.S. economy, the financial markets seek to maximize return, thereby boosting the national wealth that underpins U.S. military, economic, and diplomatic strength. With the rise of competing financial markets in a globalized world, the challenge for U.S. policymakers is to create conditions for both investors and corporations to thrive in U.S. capital markets. Thus, future U.S. competitiveness depends on the ability to generate and attract capital, optimize regulatory practices, and properly manage risk. Although the U.S. financial services industry profits today from the liquidity generated by massive foreign capital inflows, the global U.S. economic position is steadily weakening. The United States has become the preeminent net debtor nation, investing more than it is saving, and guzzling resources from other economies to satisfy its consumption desires. While record levels of U.S. household debt have contributed to today's economic growth, that growth may have been achieved at the cost of jeopardizing the nation's economic future. Increased household debt, coupled with reduced savings, could limit the amount of capital available for more productive uses and increase U.S. reliance on foreign investment. In the face of concerns about U.S. debt accumulation, the attractiveness and credibility of the U.S. financial market may eventually deteriorate to a critical point. Aging global populations and rising energy costs will soak up liquidity throughout the world, exacerbating the capital crunch for U.S. financial markets., Spring 2007 Industry Study
Published: 2007

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14 results on '"Fennell, Timothy"'

1. Induction of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 by substituted benzodioxole compounds

2. Opportunities for evaluating chemical exposures and child health in the United States: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.

3. Sex Differences in the Effects of a Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist in the Forced Swim Test.

4. Data Descriptor : Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls

5. A Low-Frequency Inactivating AKT2 Variant Enriched in the Finnish Population Is Associated With Fasting Insulin Levels and Type 2 Diabetes Risk

6. Data Descriptor:Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls

7. The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes

8. Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans.

9. Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans

10. The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes

11. Loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A8 protect against type 2 diabetes

12. Discovery and characterization of artifactual mutations in deep coverage targeted capture sequencing data due to oxidative DNA damage during sample preparation

13. Comparative analysis of RNA sequencing methods for degraded or low-input samples

14. Financial Services Industry

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