Search

Few-shot object detection, learning to adapt to the novel classes with a few labeled data, is an imperative and long-lasting problem due to the inherent long-tail distribution of real-world data and the urgent demands to cut costs of data collection and annotation. Recently, some studies have explored how to use implicit cues in extra datasets without target-domain supervision to help few-shot detectors refine robust task notions. This survey provides a comprehensive overview from current classic and latest achievements for few-shot object detection to future research expectations from manifold perspectives. In particular, we first propose a data-based taxonomy of the training data and the form of corresponding supervision which are accessed during the training stage. Following this taxonomy, we present a significant review of the formal definition, main challenges, benchmark datasets, evaluation metrics, and learning strategies. In addition, we present a detailed investigation of how to interplay the object detection methods to develop this issue systematically. Finally, we conclude with the current status of few-shot object detection, along with potential research directions for this field.

This paper reviews recent developments of non-contact three-dimensional (3D) surface metrology using an active structured optical probe. We focus primarily on those active non-contact 3D surface measurement techniques that could be applicable to the manufacturing industry. We discuss principles of each technology, and its advantageous characteristics as well as limitations. Towards the end, we discuss our perspectives on the current technological challenges in designing and implementing these methods in practical applications.

This paper reviews recent developments of non-contact three-dimensional (3D) surface metrology using an active structured optical probe. We focus primarily on those active non-contact 3D surface measurement techniques that could be applicable to the manufacturing industry. We discuss principles of each technology, and its advantageous characteristics as well as limitations. Towards the end, we discuss our perspectives on the current technological challenges in designing and implementing these methods in practical applications.

Rock contains a large number of micro-pores, which are of different shapes and complex structures. The structure information of sandstones is extracted based on different porosities through X-ray CT (Computer Tomography) scanning, photo processing techniques and complex network method to explore the topological structure of sandstone seepage network. The results show that sandstone seepage network has scale-free property. The minute quantities of pores with more throat connections have vital functions of overall connectivity of sandstone seepage network, while sandstone seepage network has strong robustness with random error. This research can provide reference for across scales research of porous seepage and multi-disciplinary application of complex network theory.

Liquid nitrogen is expected to be used as a jet medium in petroleum engineering because of its cryogenic and non-polluting characteristics. To identify the velocity distribution characteristics of liquid nitrogen jet, a computational fluid dynamics model was built by coupling the equations for nitrogen properties. The velocity and pressure distributions of liquid nitrogen jet were analyzed by comparing them with water jet ones. Meanwhile, the influences of relevant parameters on the centerline velocity distributions of liquid nitrogen jet were researched as well. The simulation results showed that the liquid nitrogen jet not only displayed higher velocity but also presented fewer kinetic energy losses than the water jet during jetting process. The nozzle outlet velocity of liquid nitrogen jet was increased by increasing the nozzle pressure drop, and was slightly influenced by confining pressure and nozzle diameter. In the external space of the nozzle, the attenuation amplitude of centerline velocity was decreased with the growth of nozzle diameter, and was slightly influenced by nozzle pressure drop and confining pressure. This study is expected to provide a theoretical guide for parametric design of liquid nitrogen jet.

A novel strain Vibrio aphrogenes sp. nov. strain CA-1004(T) isolated from the surface of seaweed collected on the coast of Mie Prefecture in 1994 [1] was characterized using poly phasic taxonomy including multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and a genome based comparison. Both phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the strain could be placed in the Rumoiensis Glade in the genus Vibrio. Sequence similarities of the 16S rRNA gene and the multilocus genes against the Rumoiensis Glade members, V. rumoiensis, V. algivorus, V. casei, and V. litoralis, were low enough to propose V. aphrogenes sp. nov. strain CA-1004(T) as a separate species. The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data also revealed that the strain CA-1004(T) was separate from four known Rumoiensis Glade species. The G+C content of the V. aphrogenes strain was determined as 42.1% based on the genome sequence. Major traits of the strain were non motile, halophilic, fermentative, alginolytic, and gas production. A total of 27 traits (motility, growth temperature range, amylase, alginase and lipase productions, and assimilation of 19 carbon compounds) distinguished the strain from the other species in the Rumoiensis Glade. The name V. aphrogenes sp. nov. is proposed for this species in the Rumoiensis Glade, with CA-1004(T) as the type strain (JCM 31643(T) = DSM 103759(T)).

Two phylogenetically distinct Vibrionaceae strains C4II189T and C4V358T isolated from the reef seawater off Ishigaki Island, Japan, in 2014 were studied based on advanced genome based taxonomy. All aspects of phylogenetic (16S rRNA phylogeny, MLSA), phenotypic and genetic (ANI, DDH, AAI, and no. of core genes) cohesions between the two Thaumasiovibrio spp. were high enough to propose them as a new genus in the Vibrionaceae. Here, we propose an eighth genus Thaumasiovibrio gen. nov. with two new species of T. occultus sp. nov. strain C4II189T (=DSM 101554T=JCM 31629T) (type species) and T. subtropicus sp. nov. strain C4V358T (=DSM 101555T=JCM 31630T31 ), in the family Vibrionaceae. Thaumasiovibrio species are phylogenetically distinct from the other Vibrionaceae species based on pyrH gene sequences. The combination of catalase negative, sensitive to the vibriostatic agent O/129, and green colony on TCBS for the phylogenetically affiliated strains are the current diagnostic features for the tentative identification of this genus.

A novel strain Vibrio aphrogenes sp. nov. strain CA-1004(T) isolated from the surface of seaweed collected on the coast of Mie Prefecture in 1994 [1] was characterized using poly phasic taxonomy including multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and a genome based comparison. Both phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the strain could be placed in the Rumoiensis Glade in the genus Vibrio. Sequence similarities of the 16S rRNA gene and the multilocus genes against the Rumoiensis Glade members, V. rumoiensis, V. algivorus, V. casei, and V. litoralis, were low enough to propose V. aphrogenes sp. nov. strain CA-1004(T) as a separate species. The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data also revealed that the strain CA-1004(T) was separate from four known Rumoiensis Glade species. The G+C content of the V. aphrogenes strain was determined as 42.1% based on the genome sequence. Major traits of the strain were non motile, halophilic, fermentative, alginolytic, and gas production. A total of 27 traits (motility, growth temperature range, amylase, alginase and lipase productions, and assimilation of 19 carbon compounds) distinguished the strain from the other species in the Rumoiensis Glade. The name V. aphrogenes sp. nov. is proposed for this species in the Rumoiensis Glade, with CA-1004(T) as the type strain (JCM 31643(T) = DSM 103759(T)).

Two phylogenetically distinct Vibrionaceae strains C4II189T and C4V358T isolated from the reef seawater off Ishigaki Island, Japan, in 2014 were studied based on advanced genome based taxonomy. All aspects of phylogenetic (16S rRNA phylogeny, MLSA), phenotypic and genetic (ANI, DDH, AAI, and no. of core genes) cohesions between the two Thaumasiovibrio spp. were high enough to propose them as a new genus in the Vibrionaceae. Here, we propose an eighth genus Thaumasiovibrio gen. nov. with two new species of T. occultus sp. nov. strain C4II189T (=DSM 101554T=JCM 31629T) (type species) and T. subtropicus sp. nov. strain C4V358T (=DSM 101555T=JCM 31630T31 ), in the family Vibrionaceae. Thaumasiovibrio species are phylogenetically distinct from the other Vibrionaceae species based on pyrH gene sequences. The combination of catalase negative, sensitive to the vibriostatic agent O/129, and green colony on TCBS for the phylogenetically affiliated strains are the current diagnostic features for the tentative identification of this genus.

A novel strain Vibrio aphrogenes sp. nov. strain CA-1004(T) isolated from the surface of seaweed collected on the coast of Mie Prefecture in 1994 [1] was characterized using poly phasic taxonomy including multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and a genome based comparison. Both phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and MLSA based on eight protein-coding genes (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) showed the strain could be placed in the Rumoiensis Glade in the genus Vibrio. Sequence similarities of the 16S rRNA gene and the multilocus genes against the Rumoiensis Glade members, V. rumoiensis, V. algivorus, V. casei, and V. litoralis, were low enough to propose V. aphrogenes sp. nov. strain CA-1004(T) as a separate species. The experimental DNA-DNA hybridization data also revealed that the strain CA-1004(T) was separate from four known Rumoiensis Glade species. The G+C content of the V. aphrogenes strain was determined as 42.1% based on the genome sequence. Major traits of the strain were non motile, halophilic, fermentative, alginolytic, and gas production. A total of 27 traits (motility, growth temperature range, amylase, alginase and lipase productions, and assimilation of 19 carbon compounds) distinguished the strain from the other species in the Rumoiensis Glade. The name V. aphrogenes sp. nov. is proposed for this species in the Rumoiensis Glade, with CA-1004(T) as the type strain (JCM 31643(T) = DSM 103759(T)).

Liquid nitrogen is expected to be used as a jet medium in petroleum engineering because of its cryogenic and non-polluting characteristics. To identify the velocity distribution characteristics of liquid nitrogen jet, a computational fluid dynamics model was built by coupling the equations for nitrogen properties. The velocity and pressure distributions of liquid nitrogen jet were analyzed by comparing them with water jet ones. Meanwhile, the influences of relevant parameters on the centerline velocity distributions of liquid nitrogen jet were researched as well. The simulation results showed that the liquid nitrogen jet not only displayed higher velocity but also presented fewer kinetic energy losses than the water jet during jetting process. The nozzle outlet velocity of liquid nitrogen jet was increased by increasing the nozzle pressure drop, and was slightly influenced by confining pressure and nozzle diameter. In the external space of the nozzle, the attenuation amplitude of centerline velocity was decreased with the growth of nozzle diameter, and was slightly influenced by nozzle pressure drop and confining pressure. This study is expected to provide a theoretical guide for parametric design of liquid nitrogen jet.

Coral reefs perform a major role in regulating marine biodiversity and serve as hotspot for highly dynamic and diverse microbiomes as holobionts. Corals around Ishigaki, however, are at risk due to tremendous stressors including elevation of seawater temperature, eutrophication and so on. However, no information is currently available on how Vibrio diversity fluctuates spatially and temporally due to environmental determinants in Ishigaki coral reef ecosystems. The aim of this study is to elucidate spatiotemporal Vibrio diversity dynamic at both community and population levels and to assess the environmental drivers correlated to Vibrio abundance and diversity. The Vibrio community identified based on pyrH gene phylogeny of 685 isolates from seawater directly connecting to Ishigaki coral holobionts consisted of 22 known and 12 potential novel Vibrionaceae species. The most prominent species were V. hyugaensis, V. owensii and V. harveyi followed by V. maritimus/V. variabillis, V. campbellii, V. coralliilyticus, and Photobacterium rosenbergii. The Vibrio community fluctuations, assessed by PCoA with UniFrac distance and clustering with Euclidiean distance were varied less not only by year but also by site. Interestingly, significant positive correlation was observed between rising seawater temperature and the abundance of V. campbellii (r = 0.62; P < 0.05) whereas the opposite was observed for V. owensii (r = -0.58; P < 0.05) and the C6 group of V. hyugaensis (r = -0.62; P < 0.05). AdaptML-based microhabitat differentiation revealed that V. harveyi, V. campbellii, P. rosenbergii, and V. coralliilyticus populations were less-ecologically distinctive whereas V. astriarenae and V. ishigakensis were ecologically diverse. This knowledge could be important clue for the future actions of coral conservation.

Coral reefs perform a major role in regulating marine biodiversity and serve as hotspot for highly dynamic and diverse microbiomes as holobionts. Corals around Ishigaki, however, are at risk due to tremendous stressors including elevation of seawater temperature, eutrophication and so on. However, no information is currently available on how Vibrio diversity fluctuates spatially and temporally due to environmental determinants in Ishigaki coral reef ecosystems. The aim of this study is to elucidate spatiotemporal Vibrio diversity dynamic at both community and population levels and to assess the environmental drivers correlated to Vibrio abundance and diversity. The Vibrio community identified based on pyrH gene phylogeny of 685 isolates from seawater directly connecting to Ishigaki coral holobionts consisted of 22 known and 12 potential novel Vibrionaceae species. The most prominent species were V. hyugaensis, V. owensii and V. harveyi followed by V. maritimus/V. variabillis, V. campbellii, V. coralliilyticus, and Photobacterium rosenbergii. The Vibrio community fluctuations, assessed by PCoA with UniFrac distance and clustering with Euclidiean distance were varied less not only by year but also by site. Interestingly, significant positive correlation was observed between rising seawater temperature and the abundance of V. campbellii (r = 0.62; P < 0.05) whereas the opposite was observed for V. owensii (r = -0.58; P < 0.05) and the C6 group of V. hyugaensis (r = -0.62; P < 0.05). AdaptML-based microhabitat differentiation revealed that V. harveyi, V. campbellii, P. rosenbergii, and V. coralliilyticus populations were less-ecologically distinctive whereas V. astriarenae and V. ishigakensis were ecologically diverse. This knowledge could be important clue for the future actions of coral conservation.

Coral reefs perform a major role in regulating marine biodiversity and serve as hotspot for highly dynamic and diverse microbiomes as holobionts. Corals around Ishigaki, however, are at risk due to tremendous stressors including elevation of seawater temperature, eutrophication and so on. However, no information is currently available on how Vibrio diversity fluctuates spatially and temporally due to environmental determinants in Ishigaki coral reef ecosystems. The aim of this study is to elucidate spatiotemporal Vibrio diversity dynamic at both community and population levels and to assess the environmental drivers correlated to Vibrio abundance and diversity. The Vibrio community identified based on pyrH gene phylogeny of 685 isolates from seawater directly connecting to Ishigaki coral holobionts consisted of 22 known and 12 potential novel Vibrionaceae species. The most prominent species were V. hyugaensis, V. owensii and V. harveyi followed by V. maritimus/V. variabillis, V. campbellii, V. coralliilyticus, and Photobacterium rosenbergii. The Vibrio community fluctuations, assessed by PCoA with UniFrac distance and clustering with Euclidiean distance were varied less not only by year but also by site. Interestingly, significant positive correlation was observed between rising seawater temperature and the abundance of V. campbellii (r = 0.62; P < 0.05) whereas the opposite was observed for V. owensii (r = -0.58; P < 0.05) and the C6 group of V. hyugaensis (r = -0.62; P < 0.05). AdaptML-based microhabitat differentiation revealed that V. harveyi, V. campbellii, P. rosenbergii, and V. coralliilyticus populations were less-ecologically distinctive whereas V. astriarenae and V. ishigakensis were ecologically diverse. This knowledge could be important clue for the future actions of coral conservation.

Macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFD) reveal the relations among flow, speed and density in a large geographic region. After literature review on macroscopic analysis, the similar methodology is applied in this thesis. The purpose of the thesis is to find the evidence that is able to prove MFD existing in Stockholm urban region. Both floating car data (FCD) based on global positioning system (GPS) data from taxis travelling in Stockholm region and traffic data from fixed detectors data source are used to construct the fundamental diagrams. Geographically, the usage of data is extended from single link to multiple links, then to the entire study region. The temporal phase is restricted in one weekday and weekend. The diagram of flow vs. speed based on single detector is found disordered, by contrast, the diagrams of cumulative flow, speed and density for all detectors represent orderly. MFD diagrams proposed in Yokohama case study by Geroliminis and Daganzo are reproduced with cumulative data in this thesis. Therefore, it can be proved that MFD exists when using data from multiple links. However, the cumulative data from fixed detectors only represents the traffic on links where they locate, not the entire region. To overcome it, GPS data from taxis, which covers the whole region, is analyzed with same method. Because full taxis travel in the same manner as normal vehicles, they are selected to approximate traffic in whole region. A neat curve of flow vs. speed is produced and it coincides with corresponding diagram in the reference paper. It enhances the conclusion that MFD exists in the entire study region. Moreover, based on the constant ratio between average link flow and region exit flow, a controlling density policy is discussed in aiming for maximizing trip completion.

Macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFD) reveal the relations among flow, speed and density in a large geographic region. After literature review on macroscopic analysis, the similar methodology is applied in this thesis. The purpose of the thesis is to find the evidence that is able to prove MFD existing in Stockholm urban region. Both floating car data (FCD) based on global positioning system (GPS) data from taxis travelling in Stockholm region and traffic data from fixed detectors data source are used to construct the fundamental diagrams. Geographically, the usage of data is extended from single link to multiple links, then to the entire study region. The temporal phase is restricted in one weekday and weekend. The diagram of flow vs. speed based on single detector is found disordered, by contrast, the diagrams of cumulative flow, speed and density for all detectors represent orderly. MFD diagrams proposed in Yokohama case study by Geroliminis and Daganzo are reproduced with cumulative data in this thesis. Therefore, it can be proved that MFD exists when using data from multiple links. However, the cumulative data from fixed detectors only represents the traffic on links where they locate, not the entire region. To overcome it, GPS data from taxis, which covers the whole region, is analyzed with same method. Because full taxis travel in the same manner as normal vehicles, they are selected to approximate traffic in whole region. A neat curve of flow vs. speed is produced and it coincides with corresponding diagram in the reference paper. It enhances the conclusion that MFD exists in the entire study region. Moreover, based on the constant ratio between average link flow and region exit flow, a controlling density policy is discussed in aiming for maximizing trip completion.

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a broadband wireless technology based on IEEE 802.16-2004 and IEEE 802.16e-2005. This thesis is a study of WiMAX technology and market. The background of WiMAX development is introduced and opportunities and challenges for WiMAX are analyzed in the beginning. Then the thesis focuses on an overview of WiMAX technology, which addresses the physical layer, MAC layer and WiMAX network architecture. The deployment status is investigated in the fourth chapter. Both product development situation and market status are discussed in this section. In the last chapter, the future development trend of WiMAX is addressed.

This work presents a design of drying small food particles like tea, tobacco with a reduced height of about fifty percent compared to the convectional straight type. The geometry is designed such that, the particle leave the dryer at an average constant time, to prevent variation in the dryness properties, Simulation result of straight type dryer in FLUENT, the commercial software is validated by industrial data implemented in MATLAB, which shows reasonable agreement. A reduced height type with a swirling or screw type is designed to reduce the height and also maintain the drying residence time.

This work presents a design of drying small food particles like tea, tobacco with a reduced height of about fifty percent compared to the convectional straight type. The geometry is designed such that, the particle leave the dryer at an average constant time, to prevent variation in the dryness properties, Simulation result of straight type dryer in FLUENT, the commercial software is validated by industrial data implemented in MATLAB, which shows reasonable agreement. A reduced height type with a swirling or screw type is designed to reduce the height and also maintain the drying residence time.

This work presents a design of drying small food particles like tea, tobacco with a reduced height of about fifty percent compared to the convectional straight type. The geometry is designed such that, the particle leave the dryer at an average constant time, to prevent variation in the dryness properties, Simulation result of straight type dryer in FLUENT, the commercial software is validated by industrial data implemented in MATLAB, which shows reasonable agreement. A reduced height type with a swirling or screw type is designed to reduce the height and also maintain the drying residence time.

This work presents a design of drying small food particles like tea, tobacco with a reduced height of about fifty percent compared to the convectional straight type. The geometry is designed such that, the particle leave the dryer at an average constant time, to prevent variation in the dryness properties, Simulation result of straight type dryer in FLUENT, the commercial software is validated by industrial data implemented in MATLAB, which shows reasonable agreement. A reduced height type with a swirling or screw type is designed to reduce the height and also maintain the drying residence time.

This work presents a design of drying small food particles like tea, tobacco with a reduced height of about fifty percent compared to the convectional straight type. The geometry is designed such that, the particle leave the dryer at an average constant time, to prevent variation in the dryness properties, Simulation result of straight type dryer in FLUENT, the commercial software is validated by industrial data implemented in MATLAB, which shows reasonable agreement. A reduced height type with a swirling or screw type is designed to reduce the height and also maintain the drying residence time.

This work presents a design of drying small food particles like tea, tobacco with a reduced height of about fifty percent compared to the convectional straight type. The geometry is designed such that, the particle leave the dryer at an average constant time, to prevent variation in the dryness properties, Simulation result of straight type dryer in FLUENT, the commercial software is validated by industrial data implemented in MATLAB, which shows reasonable agreement. A reduced height type with a swirling or screw type is designed to reduce the height and also maintain the drying residence time.