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Lu Zhang,1,* Xu Zhang,2,* Yuanchun Pu,1,* Yaodong Zhang,1 Jinhai Fan1,3 1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 3Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jinhai Fan, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, #277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-29-8532-3661, Fax +86-29-8532-3203, Email jinhaif029@126.comIntroduction: To get insight into the temporal trends of urolithiasis, and thus decrease the health burden of urolithiasis, we comprehensively investigated the specific epidemiological indicators that varied among different countries and regions according to the diversity of geographic locations, gender, age, year, and socioeconomic status.Methods: In this study, we investigated the incidence, death, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of urolithiasis quantified by the number of patients, age-standardized rates, and estimated annual percentage changes based on geographic locations, gender, age, and year to decode the epidemiological characteristics using the data from 1990 to 2019 in the Global Burden of Disease database.Results: In 2019, more than 115 million (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI] 93– 140) incident cases of urolithiasis occurred worldwide, and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) (per 100,000 population) decreased from 1696.2 (1358.1– 2078.1) in 1990 to 1394 (1126.4– 1688.2) in 2019. Nearly 13,279 (95% UI: 10616– 16267) died of urolithiasis, contributing to 0.6 million (0.5– 0.7) DALYs in 2019. The highest age-standardized DALY rates (33.33 per

Yong Yang,1 Jinhai Fan,2 Shenglu Han,1 Enyuan Li1 1Department of Urology, The Ninth Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yong YangDepartment of Urology, The Ninth Hospital of Xi’an, 151 East Section of South Second Ring Road, Xi ‘an, Shaanxi 710054, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 135 7197 6611Email yangyongdr@sina.comBackground/Purpose: TNF-α-induced protein 3-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) is active in various cancers, but its expression and function in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been described. This study investigated the role of TNIP1 in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC), which accounts for 75–80% of RCC and has a poor prognosis.Methods: The expression of TNIP1 in human ccRCC tissues and cells was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Cell proliferation was assayed by a cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay; cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay were done by flow cytometry.Results: TNIP1 is downregulated in both ccRCC human tissues and cells. Besides, TNIP1 downregulation promoted cell proliferation with more cell cycle entry, and inhibited apoptosis. TNIP1 downregulation was associated with increased of expression of the Bcl-2 anti-apoptosis gene and decreased expression of the Bax apoptosis-promoting gene and cleaved-caspase-3 by negatively regulating C/EBPβ expression.Conclusion: TNIP1 acted as a tumor-inhibitor in ccRCC by targeting C/EBPβ. The results warrant study of TNIP1 as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target of ccRCC.Keywords: ccRCC, TNIP1, C/EBPβ, proliferation, apoptosis