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Nanocellulose-based membranes have attracted intense attention in bioelectronic devices due to their low cost, flexibility, biocompatibility, degradability, and sustainability. Herein, we demonstrate a flexible ionic diode using a cross-linked bipolar membrane fabricated from positively and negatively charged cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The rectified current originates from the asymmetric charge distribution, which can selectively determine the direction of ion transport inside the bipolar membrane. The mechanism of rectification was demonstrated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with voltage biases. The rectifying behavior of this kind of ionic diode was studied by using linear sweep voltammetry to obtain current-voltage characteristics and the time dependence of the current. In addition, the performance of cross-linked CNF diodes was investigated while changing parameters such as the thickness of the bipolar membranes, the scanning voltage range, and the scanning rate. A good long-term stability due to the high density cross-linking of the diode was shown in both current-voltage characteristics and the time dependence of current., QC 20240326

Porous cellular foams, combining lightweight, high strength, and compressibility, hold great promise in a wide range of advanced applications. Here, the native structure of pine wood was modified by in-situ lignin sulfonation and unidirectional freezing, resulting in an alveolate structure inside the wood cell wall with arrays of sub-100 nm channels. The obtained wood foam exhibited highly enhanced permeability while retaining the native cellular arrangement and high lignin and hemicellulose content. Such engineered cellular foam contributed to superior mechanical performance with compressive strength of 9 MPa and Young's modulus of 344 MPa in the longitudinal direction. The high porosity allowed homogeneous infiltration of conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS inside the wood cell wall. The resulting composite exhibited high conductivity, sponge-like compressibility and the ability to modulate electrical resistance in a reversible manner in the radial direction. This rationally designed conductive wood demonstrated potential in durable and ultrasensitive pressure-responsive devices and strain sensors., Not duplicate with DiVA 1789673QC 20240122

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur en sångpedagog kan arbeta med att utveckla det sceniska uttrycket hos sina elever under lektionstid och vilka faktorer som kan påverka hur detta arbetet går. Min första frågeställning handlar om hur du som sångpedagog kan arbeta med sceniskt arbete under sånglektioner och min andra frågeställning berör vilka faktorer som kan påverka en sångpedagog kring arbetet med sceniskt uttryck. I min bakgrund tar jag upp olika teorier och begrepp som berör arbetet kring det sceniska uttrycket på olika sätt. Min metod bestod utav lektioner som jag höll i tillsammans med sammanlagt tre deltagare. Tre deltagare fick två enskilda sånglektioner var och två av deltagarna var med på en grupplektion. Under lektionerna arbetade vi med olika övningar för att främja det sceniska uttrycket. Det handlade om sångövningar, sångteknik, teatraliska övningar och övningar med fokus på olika känslor bland annat. Alla deltagare fick välja ut en låt själva som de kunde utantill som de fick sjunga under lektionerna. I min studie kommer jag fram till att det finns olika faktorer som påverkat hur det gått under lektionerna. Det handlar om olika faktorer som påverkat förutsättningarna för eleverna och för mig som lärare. Jag skriver även om hur olika delar kan påverka varandra i arbetet kring det sceniska uttrycket. Exempel på detta kan vara att det genom att arbeta med teatraliska övningar kan påverka sångtekniken positivt. Precis som arbete med sångteknik kan påverka det känslomässiga budskapet positivt.

The quest for eco-friendly materials with anticipated positive impact for sustainability is crucial to achieve the UN sustainable development goals. Classical strategies of composite materials can be applied on novel nanomaterials and green materials. Besides the actual technology and applications also processing and manufacturing methods should be further advanced to make entire technology concepts sustainable. Here, they show an efficient way to combine two low-cost materials, cellulose and zinc oxide (ZnO), to achieve novel functional and "green" materials via paper-making processes. While cellulose is the most abundant and cost-effective organic material extractable from nature. ZnO is cheap and known of its photocatalytic, antibacterial, and UV absorption properties. ZnO nanowires are grown directly onto cellulose fibers in water solutions and then dewatered in a process mimicking existing steps of large-scale papermaking technology. The ZnO NW paper exhibits excellent photo-conducting properties under simulated sunlight with good ON/OFF switching and long-term stability (90 minutes). It also acts as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation (5.7 x 10(-9) m s(-1)) with an envision the possibility of using it in buildings to enable large surfaces to spontaneously produce H2O2 at its outer surface. Such technology promise for fast degradation of microorganisms to suppress the spreading of diseases., Funding Agencies|Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; VINNOVA (Digital Cellulose Center); Vetenskapradet [2016-05990]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoeping University [2009-00971]; aForsk Foundation [17-433]

The nature of mass transport in plants has recently inspired the development of low-cost and sustainable wood-based electronics. Herein, we report a wood electrochemical transistor (WECT) where all three electrodes are fully made of conductive wood (CW). The CW is prepared using a two-step strategy of wood delignification followed by wood amalgamation with a mixed electron-ion conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The modified wood has an electrical conductivity of up to 69 Sm−1 induced by the formation of PEDOT:PSS microstructures inside the wood 3D scaffold. CW is then used to fabricate the WECT, which is capable of modulating an electrical current in a porous and thick transistor channel (1 mm) with an on/off ratio of 50. The device shows a good response to gate voltage modulation and exhibits dynamic switching properties similar to those of an organic electrochemical transistor. This wood-based device and the proposed working principle demonstrate the possibility to incorporate active electronic functionality into the wood, suggesting different types of bio-based electronic devices., QC 20230713

Printed electronic paper identifies its interest in flexible organic electronics and sustainable and clean energy applications because of its straightforward production method, cost-effectiveness, and positive environmental impact. However, current limitations include restricted material thickness and the use of supporting substrate for printing. Here, 2D and 3D electronic patterned paper are fabricated from direct ink writing (DIW) nanocellulose and PEDOT:PSS-based materials using syringe deposition and 3D printing. The conductor patterns are integrated in the bulk of the paper, while non-conductive sections are used as support to form free-standing paper. The strong interface between the patterns of electronic patterned paper gives mechanical stability for practical handling. The conductive paper-based electrode has 202 S cm(-1) and is capable of handling electric current up to 0.7 A, which can be used for high-power devices. Printed supercapacitor papers show high specific energy of 4.05 Wh kg(-1), specific power of 4615 W kg(-1) at 0.06 A g(-1), and capacitance retention above 95% after 2000 cycles. The new design structure of electronic patterned papers presents a solution for additive manufacturing of paper-based composites for supercapacitors, wearable electronics, or sensors for smart packaging.

Mellan 1960 och idag har världspopulationen dubblerats medan matproduktionen tredubblats. Det har möjliggjorts av kemiskt framställda gödsel som introducerades på mitten av 1900-talet. Sedan 1965 har användandet av kvävegödsel ökat sexdubblet. Kvävegödsel ökar lönsamheten och avkastningen men har stora koldioxdutsläpp och orsaker övergödning. Därför finns det en efterfrågan på andra alternativ. Ett alternativ skulle kunna vara en syntetsik föränding av rhizosfären. För att undersöka om det är möjligt kommer ett modellsystem för insulerat metaboliskt utbyte att skapas. Modellsystemet kommer att ha en kvävefixarande bakterie som fixerar kväve från atmosfären och producerar en kvävekälla till en kolfixerande bakterie, som kommer modellera en växt i system. Den kolfixerande bakterien kommer att fixera koldioxid from atmosfären och producera en kolkälla för den kvävefixerande bakterien att använda. I den här studien har olika produktioner av olika kvävekällor i Escherichia coli och Anabaena sp. undersökts. Fyra olika plasmider har skapats för produktionen av alanin, guanin och allantoin. Alla odlingar med plasmiderna växte bättre än kontrollodlingarna, men de har inte blivit analyserade för produktion av metaboliterna på grund av tidsbrist. Tilläggningsvis, två av tre replikat av Anabaena sp. med en plasmid för allantoin produktion i media med urinsyra verkar ha varit stressade för okända anledningar, Between 1960 and today, the world population has doubled while food production has tripled. This has been made through chemical fertilisers being introduced in the middle of the 20th century. From 1965, the usage of nitrogen fertilisers has increased by sixfold. Nitrogen fertilisers improve crop profitability and yield but have large carbon dioxide emissions as well as cause eutrophication. Thus, there is a demand for an alternative. One alternative would be to engineer the rhizosphere. To investigate whether this is possible, a model system for insulated metabolic exchange will be created. The model system will have a nitrogen-fixating bacteria that will fixate atmospheric nitrogen and produce a nitrogen compound to a carbon-fixating bacteria, that will act as a plant in the model system. The carbon-fixating bacteria will fixate carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produce a carbon source for the nitrogen-fixating bacteria to utilise. In this study, different productions of different nitrogen compounds in Escherichia coli and Anabaena sp. have been investigated. Four different plasmids have been constructed for the production of alanine, guanine and allantoin, respectively. The strains containing the plasmids all grew better than the control cultures, however, they have not been analysed for producing the metabolites due to time constraints.

Introduction: In this study, we investigated the roles of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygen delivery (CDO2) in relation to cerebral energy metabolism after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Methods: Fifty-seven adult aSAH patients treated on the neurointensive care unit at Uppsala, Sweden between 2012 and 2020, with at least 1 xenon-enhanced computed tomography (Xe-CT) scan in the first 14 days after ictus and concurrent microdialysis (MD) monitoring, were included in this retrospective study. CBF was measured globally and focally (around the MD catheter) with Xe-CT, and CDO2 calculated. Cerebral energy metabolites were measured using MD. Results: Focal ischemia (CBF <20 mL/100 g/min around the MD catheter was associated with lower median [interquartile range]) MD-glucose (1.2 [0.7 to 2.2] mM vs. 2.3 [1.3 to 3.5] mM; P=0.05) and higher MD-lactate-pyruvate (LPR) ratio (34 [29 to 66] vs. 25 [21 to 32]; P=0.02). A compensated/normal MD pattern (MD-LPR <25) was observed in the majority of patients (22/23, 96%) without focal ischemia, whereas 4 of 11 (36%) patients with a MD pattern of poor substrate supply (MD-LPR >25, MD-pyruvate <120 µM) had focal ischemia as did 5 of 20 (25%) patients with a pattern of mitochondrial dysfunction (MD-LPR >25, MD-pyruvate >120 µM) (P=0.04). Global CBF and CDO2, and focal CDO2, were not associated with the MD variables. Conclusions: While MD is a feasible tool to study cerebral energy metabolism, its validity is limited to a focal area around the MD catheter. Cerebral energy disturbances were more related to low CBF than to low CDO2. Considering the high rate of mitochondrial dysfunction, treatments that increase CBF but not CDO2, such as hemodilution, may still benefit glucose delivery to drive anaerobic metabolism.

To address the rising need of sustainable solutions in electronic devices, the development of electronically conductive composites based on lightweight but mechanically strong wood structures is highly desirable. Here, a facile approach for the fabrication of highly conductive wood/polypyrrole composites through top-down modification of native lignin followed by polymerization of pyrrole in wood cell wall. By sodium sulfite treatment under neutral condition, sulfonated wood veneers with increased porosity but well-preserved cell wall structure containing native lignin and lignosulfonates are obtained. The wood structure has a content of sulfonic groups up to 343 mu mol g(-1) owing to in situ sulfonated lignin which facilitates subsequent oxidative polymerization of pyrrole, achieving a weight gain of polypyrrole as high as 35 wt%. The lignosulfonates in the wood structure act as dopant and stabilizer for the synthesized polypyrrole. The composite reaches a high conductivity of 186 S m(-1) and a specific pseudocapacitance of 1.71 F cm(-2) at the current density of 8.0 mA cm(-2). These results indicate that tailoring the wood/polymer interface in the cell wall and activating the redox activity of native lignin by sulfonation are important strategies for the fabrication of porous and lightweight wood/conductive polymer composites with potential for sustainable energy applications., Funding Agencies|Wallenberg Wood Science Center - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

Studiens syfte var att undersöka om det fanns anställningsotrygghet hos individer som arbetar med IT, kopplat till den oro som allmänheten upplever under en lågkonjunktur. Vidare var syftet att undersöka om det fanns köns-, ålders- eller anställningstidsrelaterade skillnader. Studien utgick från en kvantitativ ansats där data samlades in genom ett webbaserat enkätformulär. Datainsamlingen skedde med hjälp av The Job Insecurity Scale (Borg & Elizur, 1992). Genom bekvämlighetsurval och delvis snöbollssampling valdes 101 deltagare (N=101) ut från olika företag verksamma inom IT-branschen. Efter bortfallsanalys kvarstod 100 enkätsvar som låg till grund för studiens resultat. Insamlade data analyserades genom separata oberoende t-test. Tre separata oberoende t-test gav icke-signifikanta resultat. De oberoende t-­test mätte anställningstrygghet kopplat till kön, ålder och anställningstid. Independent sample t-test efter Bonferroni korrigering visade icke-signifikanta skillnader mellan grupperna. (p > .017, n.s.). Icke signifikant resultat innebar att det inte fanns tillräckligt start statistiskt stöd för att påvisa att anställningsotrygghet finns eller inte finns.

Advances in organic electronics necessitates, ultrathin and miniaturized implantable energy storage modules. Here, an approach for the fabrication of on-chip, ultraflexible electrochemical capacitors is demonstrated. Two different electroactive conjugated polymers are utilized in a fabrication route that allows the patterning of finger electrodes for an ultraflexible energy storage technology. A strategy is demonstrated to realize supercapacitors with a total device thickness of 4 mu m, including substrate, polymer electrode, and electrolyte. Interdigitated 20 -finger electrodes from either Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) or poly-thiophene functionalized with tetraethylene glycol side chains P(g42T-T), with 50 mu m or 90 mu m electrode spacings, are fabricated using a parylene peel off method, followed by electrolyte deposition. The miniaturized devices show 0.77 mF/cm2 areal capacitance for PEDOT:PSS and 0.06 mF/cm2 for P(g42T-T). Furthermore, the devices exhibit excellent mechanical durability, showing robust operational performance at a bending radius of 6.5 mm., Funding Agencies|Swedish foundation; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Onnesjo foundation; European Research Council [834677]

This paper develops and analyzes a stochastic derivative-free optimization strategy. A key feature is the state-dependent adaptive variance. We prove global convergence in probability with algebraic rate and give the quantitative results in numerical examples. A striking fact is that convergence is achieved without explicit information of the gradient and even without comparing different objective function values as in established methods such as the simplex method and simulated annealing. It can otherwise be compared to annealing with state-dependent temperature.

A large class of inverse problems for PDEs are only well-defined as mappings from operators to functions. Existing operator learning frameworks map functions to functions and need to be modified to learn inverse maps from data. We propose a novel architecture termed Neural Inverse Operators (NIOs) to solve these PDE inverse problems. Motivated by the underlying mathematical structure, NIO is based on a suitable composition of DeepONets and FNOs to approximate mappings from operators to functions. A variety of experiments are presented to demonstrate that NIOs significantly outperform baselines and solve PDE inverse problems robustly, accurately and are several orders of magnitude faster than existing direct and PDE-constrained optimization methods.

Titel: Att manipulera eller inte manipulera - En kvantitativ studie avseende sambandet mellan kvinnlig representation i ledande positioner och earnings management. Seminariedatum: 2023-01-11 Kurs: FEKH89, Examensarbete i finansiering på kandidatnivå, 15 högskolepoäng. Författare: Tilde Engquist, Elina Kornbakk och Alicia Wallenberg. Handledare: Maria Gårdängen. Nyckelord: Resultatmanipulering, den modifierade Jones-modellen, Large- och Mid cap, periodiseringar, bolagsstyrning, incitamentsprogram. Syfte: Studien syftar till att undersöka sambandet mellan kvinnlig representation i ledande positioner och förekomsten av earnings management. Undersökningen kommer att göras på svenska bolag noterade på Nasdaq Stockholm OMX, Large Cap och Mid Cap. Metod: Studien baseras på sekundärdata hämtad från databasen Bloomberg Terminal och årsredovisningar för år 2019. Vidare förklaras studien som kvantitativ med en deduktiv ansats. Regressioner beräknas med hjälp av den modifierade Jones-modellen i samband med en framtagning av variabler. Teoretiska perspektiv: Studien baseras främst på forskning inom earnings management och Principal-Agentteorin. Vidare används tidigare forskning avseende skillnader mellan kvinnor och män i riskaversion samt resultat från liknande tidigare studier inom ämnet. Empiri: Empirin består av en redovisning av användningen av accrual-based earnings management för 126 svenska företag noterade på Nasdaq Stockholm OMX, Large- och Mid Cap. Databasen Bloomberg Terminal har använts för inhämtad data, samt bolagens årsredovisningar för år 2019. Slutsatser: Studien finner inget signifikant samband mellan kvinnlig representation i ledande positioner och förekomsten av earnings management. Variabeln för kvinnlig verkställande direktör kunde dock inte testas på grund av för få observationer. Däremot påvisades ett signifikant negativt samband mellan företagsstorlek och earnings management., Title: To manipulate or not manipulate - A quantitative study regarding the relationship between female representation in leading executive roles and earnings management. Seminar date: 2023-01-11 Course: FEKH89, Business Administration: Bachelor Degree Project in Financial Management Undergraduate Level, 15 credits (ECTS). Authors: Tilde Engquist, Elina Kornbakk and Alicia Wallenberg. Advisor: Maria Gårdängen. Keywords: Earnings management, modified Jones Model, Large Cap and Mid Cap, accruals, corporate governance, incentive program. Purpose: The following study aims to investigate the relationship between female representation in leading executive roles and earnings management. The study will focus on Swedish companies listed on Nasdaq Stockholm OMX, Large Cap and Mid Cap. Methodology: The study is based on secondary data taken from the Bloomberg Terminal database and annual reports for the fiscal year of 2019. Furthermore, the study is explained as quantitative with a deductive approach. Regressions are calculated using the modified Jones-model in conjunction with chosen variables. Theoretical perspectives: The study is mainly based on research on earnings management and the Principal-Agent theory. Furthermore, previous research is used regarding differences between women and men in risk aversion as well as results from similar previous studies within the subject. Empirical foundations: The empirical foundation consists of a presentation on the use of accrual-based earnings management for 126 Swedish companies listed on Nasdaq Stockholm OMX, Large Cap and Mid Cap. The database Bloomberg Terminal has been used for collected data, also annual reports for the fiscal year of 2019. Conclusions: The study finds no significant relationship between female representation in leading executive roles and the existence of earnings management. The female CEO variable could not be tested due to too few observations. However, a significant negative relationship between company s

The need for achieving sustainable technologies has encouraged research on renewable and biodegradable materials for novel products that are clean, green, and environmentally friendly. Nanocellulose (NC) has many attractive properties such as high mechanical strength and flexibility, large specific surface area, in addition to possessing good wet stability and resistance to tough chemical environments. NC has also been shown to easily integrate with other materials to form composites. By combining it with conductive and electroactive materials, many of the advantageous properties of NC can be transferred to the resulting composites. Conductive polymers, in particular poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), have been successfully combined with cellulose derivatives where suspensions of NC particles and colloids of PEDOT:PSS are made to interact at a molecular level. Alternatively, different polymerization techniques have been used to coat the cellulose fibrils. When processed in liquid form, the resulting mixture can be used as a conductive ink. This review outlines the preparation of NC/PEDOT:PSS composites and their fabrication in the form of electronic nanopapers, filaments, and conductive aerogels. We also discuss the molecular interaction between NC and PEDOT:PSS and the factors that affect the bonding properties. Finally, we address their potential applications in energy storage and harvesting, sensors, actuators, and bioelectronics., Funding Agencies|Vinnova for the Digital Cellulose Competence Center (DCC) [2016-05193]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [GMT14-0058]; Wallenberg Wood Science Centre

Numerical homogenization of multiscale equations typically requires taking an average of the solution to a microscale problem. Both the boundary conditions and domain size of the microscale problem play an important role in the accuracy of the homogenization procedure. In particular, imposing naive boundary conditions leads to a $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon/\eta)$ error in the computation, where $\epsilon$ is the characteristic size of the microscopic fluctuations in the heterogeneous media, and $\eta$ is the size of the microscopic domain. This so-called boundary, or ``cell resonance" error can dominate discretization error and pollute the entire homogenization scheme. There exist several techniques in the literature to reduce the error. Most strategies involve modifying the form of the microscale cell problem. Below we present an alternative procedure based on the observation that the resonance error itself is an oscillatory function of domain size $\eta$. After rigorously characterizing the oscillatory behavior for one dimensional and quasi-one dimensional microscale domains, we present a novel strategy to reduce the resonance error. Rather than modifying the form of the cell problem, the original problem is solved for a sequence of domain sizes, and the results are averaged against kernels satisfying certain moment conditions and regularity properties. Numerical examples in one and two dimensions illustrate the utility of the approach.

Organic electronic circuits based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are attracting great attention due to their printability, flexibility, and low voltage operation. Inverters are the building blocks of digital logic circuits (e.g., NAND gates) and analog circuits (e.g., amplifiers). However, utilizing OECTs in electronic logic circuits is challenging due to the resulting low voltage gain and low output voltage levels. Hence, inverters capable of operating at relatively low supply voltages, yet offering high voltage gain and larger output voltage windows than the respective input voltage window are desired. Herein, inverters realized from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate-based OECTs are designed and explored, resulting in logic inverters exhibiting high voltage gains, enlarged output voltage windows, and tunable switching points. The inverter designs are based on multiple screen-printed OECTs and a resistor ladder, where one OECT is the driving transistor while one or two additional OECTs are used as variable resistors in the resistor ladder. The inverters’ performances are investigated in terms of voltage gain, output voltage levels, and switching point. Inverters, operating at +/−2.5 V supply voltage and an input voltage window of 1 V, that can achieve an output voltage window with ∼110% increment and a voltage gain up to 42 are demonstrated. © 2022 The Authors., Funding details: Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning, SSF, SE13‐0045; Funding details: Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Funding details: Horizon 2020, 825339, 964677; Funding details: Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC; Funding text 1: This project has received funding from the Swedish foundation for Strategic Research (Silicon‐Organic Hybrid Autarkic Systems, Reference number: SE13‐0045), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Wallenberg Wood Science Center and Wallenberg Scholars), and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement nos. 825339 (WEARPLEX) and 964677 (MITICS). M.B. gratefully acknowledges support from the Önnesjö Foundation.

The dimensions of the material serving as the channel in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are important for the overall switching performance. Here, a laser ablation step is included in the OECT manufacturing process, in an attempt to shorten the channel length of the OECT. The source and drain electrodes are formed by laser ablation of a previously screen printed carbon-based rectangle, which in this study resulted in an average channel length equal to 25 µm. All other processing steps rely on screen printing, allowing for large-area manufacturing of OECTs and OECT-based circuits on flexible substrates. This approach results in a manufacturing yield of 89%; 178 out of a total of 200 OECTs exhibited an ON/OFF ratio exceeding 1000 with a statistical mean value of 28 000 and reproducible switching performance. OECT-based circuits, here demonstrated by a logic inverter, provide a reasonably high voltage gain of 12. The results thus demonstrate another reliable OECT manufacturing process, based on the combination of laser ablation and screen printing., This work was supported by the Swedish foundation for Strategic Research (Silicon-Organic Hybrid Autarkic Systems, SE13-0045), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linköping University, and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Grant Agreement Nos. 825339 and 964677. M B gratefully acknowledges support from the Önnesjö Foundation. The authors acknowledge Jan Strandberg (RISE) and Kathrin Freitag (RISE) for designing the screen printing tools and the screen printing activities, respectively.

Ultrathin devices are rapidly developing for skin-compatible medical applications and wearable electronics. Powering skin-interfaced electronics requires thin and lightweight energy storage devices, where solution-processing enables scalable fabrication. To attain such devices, a sequential deposition is employed to achieve all spray-coated symmetric microsupercapacitors (mu SCs) on ultrathin parylene C substrates, where both electrode and gel electrolyte are based on the cheap and abundant biopolymer, cellulose. The optimized spraying procedure allows an overall device thickness of approximate to 11 mu m to be obtained with a 40% active material volume fraction and a resulting volumetric capacitance of 7 F cm(-3). Long-term operation capability (90% of capacitance retention after 10(4) cycles) and mechanical robustness are achieved (1000 cycles, capacitance retention of 98%) under extreme bending (rolling) conditions. Finite element analysis is utilized to simulate stresses and strains in real-sized mu SCs under different bending conditions. Moreover, an organic electrochromic display is printed and powered with two serially connected mu-SCs as an example of a wearable, skin-integrated, fully organic electronic application., Funding Agencies|European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programEuropean Research Council (ERC) [949191]; city council of Brno, Czech Republic

Low weight, small footprint, and high performances are essential requisites for the implementation of energy storage devices within consumer electronics. One way to achieve these goals is to increase the thickness of the active material layer. In this work, carbonized and graphitized rayon felt, a cellulose-derived material, is used as a three-dimensional current collector scaffold to enable the incorporation of large amount of active energy storage materials and ionic liquid-based gel electrolyte in the supercapacitor devices. PEDOT:PSS, alone or in combination with active carbon, has been used as the active material. Three-dimensional supercapacitors with high per unit area capacitance (more than 1.1 F/cm(2)) have been achieved owing to the loading of large amount of active material in the felt matrix. Areal energy density of more than 101 mu Wh/cm(2) and areal power density of more than 5.9 mW/cm(2) have been achieved for 0.8 V operating voltage at a current density of 1 mA/cm(2). A nanographite material was found to be beneficial in reducing the internal serial resistance of the supercapacitor to lower than 1.7 omega. Furthermore, it was shown that even after 2000 times cycling test, the devices could still retain its performance with at least 88% coulombic efficiency for all the devices. All the materials are readily available commercially, environmentally sustainable and the process can potentially be upscaled with industrial process., Funding Agencies|Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Onnesjo foundation; Stiftelsenfor Strategisk Forskning; VINNOVA

Background The primary aim was to determine to what extent continuously monitored neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU) targets predict cerebral blood flow (CBF) and delivery of oxygen (CDO2) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The secondary aim was to determine whether CBF and CDO2 were associated with clinical outcome. Methods In this observational study, patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage treated at the neuro-ICU in Uppsala, Sweden, from 2012 to 2020 with at least one xenon-enhanced computed tomography (Xe-CT) obtained within the first 14 days post ictus were included. CBF was measured with the Xe-CT and CDO2 was calculated based on CBF and arterial oxygen content. Regional cerebral hypoperfusion was defined as CBF < 20 mL/100 g/min, and poor CDO2 was defined as CDO2 < 3.8 mL O-2/100 g/min. Neuro-ICU variables including intracranial pressure (ICP), pressure reactivity index, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), optimal CPP, and body temperature were assessed in association with the Xe-CT. The acute phase was divided into early phase (day 1-3) and vasospasm phase (day 4-14). Results Of 148 patients, 27 had underwent a Xe-CT only in the early phase, 74 only in the vasospasm phase, and 47 patients in both phases. The patients exhibited cerebral hypoperfusion and poor CDO2 for medians of 15% and 30%, respectively, of the cortical brain areas in each patient. In multiple regressions, higher body temperature was associated with higher CBF and CDO2 in the early phase. In a similar regression for the vasospasm phase, younger age and longer pulse transit time (lower peripheral resistance) correlated with higher CBF and CDO2, whereas lower hematocrit only correlated with higher CBF but not with CDO2. ICP, CPP, and pressure reactivity index exhibited no independent association with CBF and CDO2. R-2 of these regressions were below 0.3. Lower CBF and CDO2 in the early phase correlated with poor outcome, but this only held true for CDO2 in multiple regr

Background and purpose National guidelines for treatment of distal radius fractures (DRFs) were presented in Sweden in 2021. In the guidelines, a fast-track is recommended for 4 subgroups of highly unstable DRFs. Regardless of the results of the closed reduction these are recommended for surgery within 1 week of injury. This study aims to evaluate the potential consequences of the newly presented national guidelines on incidence of surgical interventions. Patients and methods In all, 1,609 patients (1,635 DRFs) with primary radiographs after a DRF between 2014 and 2017 at two Swedish hospitals were included in a retrospective cohort study. An estimation was made of the percentage of patients in the historical pre-guidelines cohort, that would have been recommended early primary surgery according to the new national guidelines compared to treatment implemented without the support of these guidelines. Results On a strict radiological basis, 32% (516 out of 1635) of DRFs were classified into one of the 4 defined subgroups. At 9-13 days follow-up, cast treatment was converted into delayed primary surgery in 201 cases. Out of these, 56% (112 out of 201) fulfilled the fast-track criteria and would with the new guidelines have been subject to early primary surgery. Interpretation The fast-track regimen in the new guidelines, has a high likelihood of identifying the unstable fractures benefitting from early primary surgery. If the proposed Swedish national guidelines for DRF treatment are implemented, a greater proportion of fractures would be treated with early primary surgery, and a delayed surgery avoided in the majority of cases. The potential benefits in relation to possible costs when using the fast-track criteria in every day practice are still unknown.

Nanostructured wood veneer with added electroactive functionality combines structural and functional properties into eco-friendly, low-cost nanocomposites for electronics and energy technologies. Here, we report novel conducting polymer-impregnated wood veneer electrodes where the native lignin is preserved, but functionalized for redox activity and used as an active component. The resulting electrodes display a well-preserved structure, redox activity, and high conductivity. Wood samples were sodium sulfite-treated under neutral conditions at 165 degrees C, followed by the tailored distribution of PEDOT:PSS, not previously used for this purpose. The mild sulfite process introduces sulfonic acid groups inside the nanostructured cell wall, facilitating electrostatic interaction on a molecular level between the residual lignin and PEDOT. The electrodes exhibit a conductivity of up to 203 S m(-1) and a specific pseudo-capacitance of up to 38 mF cm(-2), with a capacitive contribution from PEDOT:PSS and a faradaic component originating from lignin. We also demonstrate an asymmetric wood pseudo-capacitor reaching a specific capacitance of 22.9 mF cm(-2) at 1.2 mA cm(-2) current density. This new wood composite design and preparation scheme will support the development of wood-based materials for use in electronics and energy storage., Funding Agencies|Wallenberg Wood Science Center (Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation); Karl-Erik Onnesjo Foundation; Treesearch, a collaboration platform for Swedish forest industrial research

Sustainable electrical energy storage is one of the most important scientific endeavors of this century. Battery and supercapacitor technologies are here crucial, but typically the current state of the art suffers from either lack of large-scale production possibilities, sustainability or insufficient performance and hence cannot match growing demands in society. Paper and cellulosic materials are mature scalable templates for industrial roll-to-roll production. Organic materials, such as conducting polymers, and carbon derivatives are materials that can be synthesized or derived from abundant sources. Here, we report the combination of cellulose, PEDOT:PSS and carbon derivatives for bulk supercapacitor electrodes adapted for printed electronics. Cellulose provides a mesoscopic mesh for the organization of the active ingredients. Furthermore, the PEDOT:PSS in combination with carbon provides superior device characteristics when comparing to the previously standard combination of activated carbon and carbon black. PEDOT:PSS acts as a mixed ion-electron conducting glue, which physically binds activated carbon particles together, while at the same time facilitating swift transport of both electrons and ions. A surprisingly small amount (10%) of PEDOT:PSS is needed to achieve an optimal performance. This work shows that cellulose added to PEDOT:PSS-carbon enables high-performing, mechanically stable, printed super capacitor electrodes using a combination of printing methods., Funding Agencies|Swedish Foundation for Strategic ResearchSwedish Foundation for Strategic Research [GMT14-0058]

Ion selective membranes are at the heart of energy conversion and harvesting, water treatment, and biotechnologies. The currently available membranes are mostly based on expensive and non-biodegradable polymers. Here, we report a cation-selective and low-cost membrane prepared from renewable nanocellulose and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid which simultaneously serves as crosslinker and source of anionic surface groups. Charge density and structure of the membranes are studied. By using different degrees of crosslinking, simultaneous control over both the nanochannel structure and surface charge concentration is achieved, which in turn determines the resulting ion transport properties. Increasing negative charge concentration via higher crosslinker content, the obtained ion conductivity reaches up to 8 mS/cm (0.1 M KCl). Optimal ion selectivity, also influenced by the solution pH, is achieved at 20 wt% crosslinker addition (with ion conductivity of 1.6 mS/cm). As regular similar to 1.4 nm nanochannels were formed at this composition, nanofluidic contribution to ion transport is likely., Funding Agencies|Digital Cellulose Centre; Wallenberg Wood Science Center (Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation); Karl-Erik Onnesjo Foundation; Treesearch, a collaboration platform for Swedish forest industrial research

Enterprise software has traditionally focused on functionalities over experiences. When enterprise software is becoming a core part of work, knowledge about the experiences can result in an enhanced working situation for employees and become a useful tool for them. Bridging together the knowledge generated, in both academia and the industry, under the topic of enterprise UX will allow for easier knowledge sharing where theory and practice can build on each other. This paper has investigated through research through design the visualization and interaction opportunities for an enhanced enterprise UX in a tool aimed for an advertising campaign planning process, while also has addressed under-constrained problems the enterprise UX most likely will encounter. Results show that there is great potential to support the process of planning a campaign with a tool but that there are also challenges with building the tool for the right user, creating value for the users and not underestimating skilled expertise., Mjukvara ämnad för företag har traditionellt sett fokuserat på funktionaliteter framför upplevelser. När denna mjukvara nu blir en central del av arbetet kan kunskap om upplevelsen resultera i en förbättrad arbetssituation för de anställda och bli ett användbart verktyg för dem. Att överbrygga den kunskap som genereras, i både det akademiska och i industrin, under ämnet företags-UX kommer att möjliggöra enklare kunskapsdelning där teori och praktik kan bygga på varandra. Den här artikeln har genom en forskning genom design metodik undersökt visualiserings- och interaktionsmöjligheter för ett förbättrat företags-UX i ett verktyg som används i en planeringsprocess av mediekampanjer, samtidigt som underbegränsade problem som företagets-UX troligen kommer att stöta på tas upp. Resultatet visar att det finns stor potential för att stödja planeringsprocessen av kampanjer med ett verktyg men visar också på utmaningar med att bygga verktyget för rätt användare, skapa värde för användarna och inte underskatta skicklig expertis.

QC 20221114

Printed paper-based electronics offers solutions to rising energy concerns by supplying flexible, environmentally friendly, low-cost infrastructure for portable and wearable electronics. Herein, we demonstrate a scalable spray-coating approach to fabricate tailored paper poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/cellulose nanofibril (CNF) electrodes for all-printed supercapacitors. Layer-by-layer spray deposition was used to achieve high-quality electrodes with optimized electrode thickness. The morphology of these electrodes was analyzed using advanced X-ray scattering methods, revealing that spray-coated electrodes have smaller agglomerations, resulting in a homogeneous film, ultimately suggesting a better electrode manufacturing method than drop-casting. The printed paper-based supercapacitors exhibit an areal capacitance of 9.1 mF/cm(2), which provides enough energy to power electrochromic indicators. The measured equivalent series resistance (ESR) is as low as 0.3 Omega, due to improved contact and homogeneous electrodes. In addition, a demonstrator in the form of a self-powered wearable wristband is shown, where a large-area (90 cm(2)) supercapacitor is integrated with a flexible solar cell and charged by ambient indoor light. This demonstration shows the tremendous potential for sequential coating/printing methods in the scaling up of printed wearables and self-sustaining systems., Funding Agencies|Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Wallenberg Wood Science Center); Onnesjo Foundation; EU SYMPHONY project (H2020) [862095]; DESY Strategic Fund (DSF)

Osmotic energy generated from the salinity gradient is a kind of clean and renewable energy source, where the ion-exchange membranes play a critical role in its operation. The nanofluidic technique is emerging to overcome the limitations of high resistance and low mass transport of traditional ion-exchange membranes and thus improve osmotic power conversion. However, the currently reported nanofluidic materials suffer from high cost and complicated fabrication processes, which limits their practical application. Here, we report low-cost nanocellulose membranes that can be facilely prepared by a chemical cross-linking approach. The obtained membranes exhibit excellent ion transport characteristics as high-performance nanofluidic osmotic power generators. The control of cross-linker dosage enables the simultaneous tunability of the surface charge density and size of nanofluidic channels created between the interwoven cellulose nanofibrils. The maximum osmotic power generated by the membrane is reached when the cross-linker weight content is 20 wt %. Furthermore, the cross-linked nanocellulose membranes exhibit long-term working stability in osmotic energy harvesting under a wide range of pH values (3.2-9.7). This nanocellulose membrane derived from green and sustainable natural materials demonstrates a promising potential for renewable osmotic energy harvesting., Funding Agencies|Digital Cellulose Center (Swedish Innovation Agency VINNOVA); Wallenberg Wood Science Center (Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation); Karl-Erik Onnesjo Foundation

We propose a new gradient descent algorithm with added stochastic terms for finding the global optimizers of nonconvex optimization problems. A key component in the algorithm is the adaptive tuning of the randomness based on the value of the objective function. In the language of simulated annealing, the temperature is state-dependent. With this, we prove the global convergence of the algorithm with an algebraic rate both in probability and in the parameter space. This is a significant improvement over the classical rate from using a more straightforward control of the noise term. The convergence proof is based on the actual discrete setup of the algorithm, not just its continuous limit as often done in the literature. We also present several numerical examples to demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the algorithm for reasonably complex objective functions., Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures

The generalization capacity of various machine learning models exhibits different phenomena in the under- and over-parameterized regimes. In this paper, we focus on regression models such as feature regression and kernel regression and analyze a generalized weighted least-squares optimization method for computational learning and inversion with noisy data. The highlight of the proposed framework is that we allow weighting in both the parameter space and the data space. The weighting scheme encodes both a priori knowledge on the object to be learned and a strategy to weight the contribution of different data points in the loss function. Here, we characterize the impact of the weighting scheme on the generalization error of the learning method, where we derive explicit generalization errors for the random Fourier feature model in both the under- and over-parameterized regimes. For more general feature maps, error bounds are provided based on the singular values of the feature matrix. We demonstrate that appropriate weighting from prior knowledge can improve the generalization capability of the learned model., Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures; Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2022. In International Conference on Learning Representations (2022)

Background: Systemic hyperthermia is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may induce secondary brain injury, although the pathophysiology is not fully understood. In this study, our aim was to determine the incidence and temporal course of hyperthermia after TBI and its relation to intracranial pressure dynamics, cerebral metabolism, and clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 115 TBI patients. Data from systemic physiology (body temperature, blood pressure, and arterial glucose), intracranial pressure dynamics (intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, compliance,and pressure reactivity), and cerebral microdialysis (glucose, pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, glutamate, and urea) were analyzed during the first 10 days after injury. Results: Overall, 6% of patients did not have hyperthermia (T> 38°C) during the first 10 days after injury, whereas 20% had hyperthermia for > 50% of the time. Hyperthermia increased from 21% (±27%) of monitoring time on day 1 to 36% (± 29%) on days 6 to 10 after injury. In univariate analyses, higher body temperature was not associated with higher intracranial pressure nor lower cerebral perfusion pressure, but was associated with lower cerebral glucose concentration (P= 0.001) and higher percentage of lactate-pyruvate ratio> 25 (P=0.02) on days 6 to 10 after injury. Higher body temperature and lower arterial glucose concentration were associated with lower cerebral glucose in a multiple linear regression analysis (P=0.02 for both). There was no association between hyperthermia and worse clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Hyperthermia was most common between days 6 and 10 following TBI, and associated with disturbances in cerebral energy metabolism but not worse clinical outcome.

Background: Ischemic and hypoxic secondary brain insults are common and detrimental in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Treatment aims to maintain an adequate cerebral blood flow with sufficient arterial oxygen content. It has been suggested that arterial hyperoxia may be beneficial to the injured brain to compensate for cerebral ischemia, overcome diffusion barriers, and improve mitochondrial function. In this study, we investigated the relation between arterial oxygen levels and cerebral energy metabolism, pressure autoregulation, and clinical outcome. Methods: This retrospective study was based on 115 patients with severe TBI treated in the neurointensive care unit, Uppsala university hospital, Sweden, 2008 to 2018. Data from cerebral microdialysis (MD), arterial blood gases, hemodynamics, and intracranial pressure were analyzed the first 10 days post-injury. The first day post-injury was studied in particular. Results: Arterial oxygen levels were higher and with greater variability on the first day post-injury, whereas it was more stable the following 9 days. Normal-to-high mean pO2 was significantly associated with better pressure autoregulation/lower pressure reactivity index (P = .02) and lower cerebral MD-lactate (P = .04) on day 1. Patients with limited cerebral energy metabolic substrate supply (MD-pyruvate below 120 µM) and metabolic disturbances with MD-lactate-/pyruvate ratio (LPR) above 25 had significantly lower arterial oxygen levels than those with limited MD-pyruvate supply and normal MD-LPR (P = .001) this day. Arterial oxygenation was not associated with clinical outcome. Conclusions: Maintaining a pO2 above 12 kPa and higher may improve oxidative cerebral energy metabolism and pressure autoregulation, particularly in cases of limited energy substrate supply in the early phase of TBI. Evaluating the cerebral energy metabolic profile could yield a better patient selection for hyperoxic treatment in future trials.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the multifactorial pathogenesis of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), augmentation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is still considered essential in the clinical management of DCI. The aim of this prospective observational study was to investigate cerebral metabolic changes in relation to CBF during therapeutic hypervolemia, hemodilution, and hypertension (HHH) therapy in poor-grade SAH patients with DCI. METHODS: CBF was assessed by bedside xenon-enhanced CT at days 0–3, 4–7, and 8–12, and the cerebral metabolic state by cerebral microdialysis (CMD), analyzing glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glutamate hourly. At clinical suspicion of DCI, HHH therapy was instituted for 5 days. CBF measurements and CMD data at baseline and during HHH therapy were required for study inclusion. Non-DCI patients with measurements in corresponding time windows were included as a reference group. RESULTS: In DCI patients receiving HHH therapy (n = 12), global cortical CBF increased from 30.4 ml/100 g/min (IQR 25.1–33.8 ml/100 g/min) to 38.4 ml/100 g/min (IQR 34.2–46.1 ml/100 g/min; p = 0.006). The energy metabolic CMD parameters stayed statistically unchanged with a lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio of 26.9 (IQR 22.9–48.5) at baseline and 31.6 (IQR 22.4–35.7) during HHH. Categorized by energy metabolic patterns during HHH, no patient had severe ischemia, 8 showed derangement corresponding to mitochondrial dysfunction, and 4 were normal. The reference group of non-DCI patients (n = 11) had higher CBF and lower L/P ratios at baseline with no change over time, and the metabolic pattern was normal in all these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Global and regional CBF improved and the cerebral energy metabolic CMD parameters stayed statistically unchanged during HHH therapy in DCI patients. None of the patients developed metabolic signs of severe ischemia, but a disturbed energy metabolic pattern was a common occurrence, possibly explained by mitochondrial dys

Low-voltage operating organic electronic circuits with long-term stability characteristics are receiving increasing attention because of the growing demands for power efficient electronics in Internet of Things applications. To realize such circuits, inverters, the fundamental constituents of many circuits, with stable transfer characteristics should be designed to provide low-power consumption. Here, a rational inverter design, based on fully screen printed p-type organic electrochemical transistors with a channel size of 150 x 80 mu m(2), is explored for driving conditions with input voltage levels that differs of about 1 V. Further, three different inverter circuits are explored, including resistor ladders with resistor values ranging from tens of k ohm to a few M ohm. The performance of single inverters, 3-stage cascaded inverters and 3-stage ring oscillators are characterized with respect to output voltage levels, propagation delay, static power consumption, voltage gain, and operational frequency window. Depending on the application, the key performance parameters of the inverter can be optimized by the specific combination of the input voltage levels and the resistor ladder values. A few of the inverters are in fact fully functional up to 30 Hz, even when using input voltage levels as low as (0 V, 1 V)., Funding Agencies|Swedish foundation for Strategic Research (Silicon-Organic Hybrid Autarkic Systems)Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [SE13-0045]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Wallenberg Wood Science Center); European UnionEuropean Commission [825339]; onnesjo Foundation

Precise manipulation of light-matter interactions has enabled a wide variety of approaches to create bright and vivid structural colors. Techniques utilizing photonic crystals, Fabry-Perot cavities, plasmonics, or high-refractive-index dielectric metasurfaces have been studied for applications ranging from optical coatings to reflective displays. However, complicated fabrication procedures for sub-wavelength nanostructures, limited active areas, and inherent absence of tunability of these approaches impede their further development toward flexible, large-scale, and switchable devices compatible with facile and cost-effective production. Here, a novel method is presented to generate structural color images based on monochromic conducting polymer films prepared on metallic surfaces via vapor phase polymerization and ultraviolet (UV) light patterning. Varying the UV dose enables synergistic control of both nanoscale film thickness and polymer permittivity, which generates controllable structural colors from violet to red. Together with grayscale photomasks this enables facile fabrication of high-resolution structural color images. Dynamic tuning of colored surfaces and images via electrochemical modulation of the polymer redox state is further demonstrated. The simple structure, facile fabrication, wide color gamut, and dynamic color tuning make this concept competitive for applications like multifunctional displays., Funding Agencies|Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council (VR)Swedish Research Council; Wenner-Gren Foundations; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009 00971]

Distance laboratory training in ergonomics with a flipped-classroom approach and smartphone applications as a tool was designed, implemented, and evaluated at two Swedish universities. Most students (10/13) were satisfied with the laboratory training. In this small-scale study, sufficient preparation time, tailored instructions and timely support during the pre-lab work were identified as factors that may improve students’ learning. This case study points to that distance laboratory training can be a feasible method in future ergonomics education. The findings also contribute to better understanding on the design of distance laboratory training in the future., Part of proceedings: ISBN 978-3-030-74604-9QC 20220309

Inledning De barn som har en försenad språkutveckling av olika orsaker behöver ofta extra stöd i sitt språklärande. Förskollärare träffar barnen en stor del av dagen och är därmed en mycket viktig del i det språkstimulerande arbetet. För att barnen ska stöttas på bästa sätt behöver förskollärarna ha goda kunskaper när det gäller vilket språkområde som behöver tränas och vilket eller vilka språkutvecklande arbetssätt som är mest gynnsamma. Syfte Studiens syfte är att synliggöra förskollärarnas kunskaper om barns språkutveckling och hur de använder sig av sin kompetens för att stötta barn med en försenad språkutveckling. Metod Vald metod för studien är kvalitativa intervjuer. Sex verksamma förskollärare på olika förskolor har medverkat. Intervjusvaren har sedan transkriberats och innehållet har analyserats tematiskt. Resultat Resultatet av vår studie visar att de intervjuade förskollärarna känner ett stort ansvar för alla barns språkutveckling. När ett barn behöver extra träning försöker de göra detta till en inkluderande gruppaktivitet med flera barn. Språkträning är inte något som sker enbart vid planerade samlingar utan detta pågår hela dagen, i så väl leken och lässtunden som vid måltider och till och med på skötbordet. Deltagarna i vår studie anser att alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation är gynnsam för alla barn och ett bra komplement i det språkutvecklande arbetet. Signalerna på en försenad språkutveckling varierar stort, det finns många signaler som förskollärarna i studien är uppmärksamma på. Informanterna anser att en diagnos inte är viktig för barnets rätt till stöd men för att kunna ge rätt typ av stöd finns ett behov av mer kunskap. Specialpedagogen är en stor tillgång i det språkutvecklande arbetet.

Postmenopausal breast cancer is the most common obesity-related cancer death among women in the U.S. Insulin resistance, which worsens in the setting of obesity, is associated with higher breast cancer incidence and mortality. Maladaptive eating patterns driving insulin resistance represent a key modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that time-restricted feeding paradigms (TRF) improve cancer-related metabolic risk factors; however, more flexible approaches could be more feasible and effective. In this exploratory, secondary analysis, we identified participants following a low-glucose eating pattern (LGEP), defined as consuming energy when glucose levels are at or below average fasting levels, as an alternative to TRF. Results show that following an LGEP regimen for at least 40% of reported eating events improves insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and other cancer-related serum biomarkers. The magnitude of serum biomarkers changes observed here has previously been shown to favorably modulate benign breast tissue in women with overweight and obesity who are at risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. By comparison, the observed effects of LGEP were similar to results from previously published TRF studies in similar populations. These preliminary findings support further testing of LGEP as an alternative to TRF and a postmenopausal breast cancer prevention strategy. However, results should be interpreted with caution, given the exploratory nature of analyses.

QC 20210608

The ongoing electrification of many energy systems has created a large demand for low-cost and scalable electrical energy storage solutions. Conducting polymer supercapacitors have received significant attention for this purpose due to the abundance of their constituent materials. Although there exists a large body of experimental work on conducting polymer supercapacitors, a detailed understanding of the mixed electronic-ionic transport processes within these devices and the included materials, is still lacking. Modelling, in combination with experimental data, is a powerful tool to facilitate a detailed understanding of the transport processes within the materials and devices. However, to date, there has been a shortage of physical models which account for the non-ideal capacitances typically found in conducting polymer-based supercapacitors. Here, we report a novel model which reproduces experimental data and provides insights into the cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge-discharge curves, self-discharge characteristics, and impedance spectroscopy results of supercapacitors based on the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and cellulose nanofibrils. We find that the non-ideal capacitive characteristics of the supercapacitors can be reproduced by the incorporation of heterogeneous ion transport features within the electrodes, comprising low ion diffusivity regions. The difference in charging rates of the high and low ion diffusivity regions accounts for the experimentally observed trends in cyclic voltammograms and self-discharge characteristics. The developed model demonstrates how complex transport processes, which govern the specifications of organic energy devices, can be analysed beyond the scope of conventional equivalent circuit models. It also provides an insight into how various transport and polarization processes are manifested in real measurement data and thus defines the limiting processes of co, Funding Agencies|Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Linkoping University; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic ResearchSwedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Wallenberg Wood Science Centre

Objectives. Remote monitoring (RM) of health-related outcomes may optimize cancer care and prevention outside of clinic settings. CYCORE is a software-based system for collection and analyses of sensor and mobile data. We evaluated CYCORE's feasibility in studies assessing: (1) physical functioning in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients; (2) swallowing exercise adherence in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients during radiation therapy; and (3) tobacco use in cancer survivors post-tobacco treatment (TTP). Methods. Participants completed RM: for CRC, blood pressure, activity, GPS; for HNC, video of swallowing exercises; for TTP, expired carbon monoxide. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed daily. Results. For CRC, HNC and TTP, respectively, 50, 37, and 50 participants achieved 96%, 84%, 96% completion rates. Also, 91-100% rated ease and self-efficacy as highly favorable, 72-100% gave equivalent ratings for overall satisfaction, 72-93% had low/no data privacy concerns. Conclusion. RM was highly feasible and acceptable for patients across diverse use cases.

Energy storage technology incorporating conducting polymers as the active component in electrode structures, in part based on natural materials, is a promising strategy toward a sustainable future. Electronic and ionic charge transport in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) provides fundamentals for energy storage, governed by volumetric PEDOT:counterion double layers. Despite extensive experimental investigations, a solid understanding of the capacitance in PEDOT-based nanocomposites remains unsatisfactory. Here, we report on the charge storage mechanism in PEDOT composited with cellulose nanofibrils (termed as "power paper") from three different perspectives: experimental measurements, density functional theory atomistic simulations, and device-scale simulations based on the NernstPlanck-Poisson equations. The capacitance of the power paper was investigated by varying the film thickness, charging currents, and electrolyte ion concentrations. We show that the volumetric capacitance of the power paper originates from electrostatic molecular double layers defined at atomistic scales, formed between holes, localized in the PEDOT backbone, and their counterions. Experimental galvanostatic cycling characteristics of the power paper is well reproduced within the electrostatic Nernst-PlanckPoisson model. The difference between the specific capacitance and the intrinsic volumetric capacitance is also outlined. Substantial oxygen reduction reactions were identified and recorded in situ in the vicinity of the power paper surface at negative potentials. Purging of dissolved oxygen from the electrolyte leads to the elimination of currents originating from the oxygen reduction reactions and allows us to obtain well-defined electrostatic-capacitive behavior (box-shaped cyclic voltammetry and triangular galvanostatic charge-discharge characteristics) at a large operational potential window from -0.6 V to +0.6 V. The obtained results reveal that the fundamental charge storage, Funding Agencies|Swedish Energy AgencySwedish Energy Agency [43561-1]; Wallenberg Wood Science Center

The increasing demands to further electrify and digitalize our society set demands for a green electrical energy storage technology that can be scaled between very small, and heavily distributed electrical energy sources, to very large volumes. Such technology must be compatible with fast-throughput, large-volume and low-cost fabrication processes, such as using printing and coating techniques. Here, we demonstrate a sequential production protocol to fabricate supercapacitors including electrodes based on cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS. Thin and lightweight paper electrodes, carbon adhesion layers and the gel electrolyte are fabricated using spray coating, screen printing, and bar coating, respectively. These all solid-state supercapacitors are flexible, mechanically robust and exhibit a low equivalent series resistance (0.22 ohm), thus resulting in a high power density (similar to 10(4)W/kg) energy technology. The supercapacitors are combined and connected to a power management circuit to demonstrate a smart packaging application. This work shows that operational and embedded supercapacitors can be manufactured in a manner to allow for the integration with, for instance smart packaging solutions, thus enabling powered, active internet-of-things (IoT) devices in a highly distributed application., Funding Agencies|Swedish foundation for strategic researchSwedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Wallenberg Wood Science Center); Onnesjo foundation; Linkoping University

Purpose: High arterial lactate is associated with disturbed systemic physiology. Lactate can also be used asalternative cerebral fuel and it is involved in regulating cerebral blood flow. This study explored the relation ofendogenous arterial lactate to systemic physiology, pressure autoregulation, cerebral energy metabolism, andclinical outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: A retrospective study including 115 patients (consent given) with severe TBI treated in the neurointensivecare unit, Uppsala university hospital, Sweden, 2008–2018. Data from cerebral microdialysis, arterialblood gases, hemodynamics and intracranial pressure were analyzed the first ten days post-injury. Results: Arterial lactate peaked on day 1 post-injury (mean 1.7 ± 0.7 mM) and gradually decreased. Higherarterial lactate correlated with lower age (p-value < 0.05), higher Marshall score (p-value < 0.05) andhigher arterial glucose (p-value < 0.001) in a multiple regression analysis. Higher arterial lactate was associatedwith poor pressure autoregulation (p-value < 0.01), but not to worse cerebral energy metabolism.Higher arterial lactate was also associated with unfavorable clinical outcome (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: High endogenous arterial lactate is a biomarker of poor systemic physiology and may disturbcerebral blood flow autoregulation.

OBJECTIVE: Hyperventilation is a controversial treatment in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prophylactic severe hyperventilation below 3.3 kPa/25 mm Hg) is generally avoided, due to the risk of cerebral ischemia. Mild hyperventilation (arterial pCO2 within 4.0-4.5 kPa/30-34 mm Hg) in cases of intracranial hypertension is commonly used, but its safety and benefits are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of mild hyperventilation and its relation to, cerebral energy metabolism, pressure autoregulation and clinical outcome in TBI. METHOD: This retrospective study was based on 120 patients with severe TBI treated at the neurointensive care unit, Uppsala university hospital, Sweden, 2008-2018. Data from cerebral microdialysis (glucose, pyruvate and lactate), arterial pCO2 and pressure reactivity index (PRx55-15) were analyzed for the first three days post-injury. RESULTS: Mild hyperventilation 4.0-4.5 kPa (30-34 mm Hg) was more frequently used early and the patients were gradually normoventilated. Low pCO2 was associated with slightly higher intracranial pressure and slightly lower cerebral perfusion pressure (p-value < 0.01). There was no univariate correlation between low pCO2 and worse cerebral energy metabolism. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that mild hyperventilation was associated with lower PRx55-15 day 2 (p-value = 0.03), suggesting better pressure autoregulation. Younger age and lower ICP were also associated with lower PRx55-15. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the notion that mild hyperventilation is safe and may improve cerebrovascular reactivity.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is frequently complicated by delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), contributing to poor outcome. Particularly for patients in poor neurological state, prediction of the acute clinical course is difficult, as is the early detection of DCI. Repeated measurement of global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) could potentially identify patients at risk of deterioration and guide in the clinical management. The studies in this thesis are based on bedside measurements of CBF by xenon-enhanced CT with the aim to assess and characterize global and regional CBF disturbances at different phases in the acute course after severe SAH. Furthermore, the effects of hemodynamic augmentation by hypervolemia, hemodilution and hypertension (HHH-therapy) on CBF and cerebral energy metabolism in patients with DCI are addressed. In Paper I, CBF disturbances at the early phase (day 0–3) after SAH were found common and often heterogeneous with substantial regions of near ischemic CBF. Older age and more severe hemorrhage (graded according to Fisher from CT) were factors associated with more compromised CBF. In Paper II, exploring the temporal dynamics of CBF, low initial CBF was associated with a persistent low level of CBF at day 4–7. The association was more pronounced when patients receiving HHH-therapy were separated, and indicates that patients with low CBF, even without clinical signs of DCI, could benefit from careful surveillance and optimization of circulation. In Paper III, the effects on CBF from HHH-therapy in patients with DCI was assessed. Hematocrit decreased during treatment, while the increase in systemic blood pressure was modest. Global CBF and CBF of the worst perfused regions increased, and the proportion of regions with critically low flow decreased accordingly. In Paper IV, the effects of HHH was further assessed in patients also monitored with cerebral microdialysis (CMD). CBF improved during HHH-therapy, while the cerebral energ