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This dataset is part of a study that aims to analyze the energy performance of the residential building stock in the most populated city of Andalusia, Seville. The information contained in 45,920 energy performance certificates of dwellings was processed and analyzed according to the type of dwellings (single-family dwelling and individual dwellings in multi-family blocks), the period of construction and the district location. The results obtained in this study facilitate the identification of those districts and areas where the least efficient buildings are concentrated., Este conjunto de datos es parte de un estudio que presenta el análisis del comportamiento energético del parque de edificios residenciales construidos en la ciudad más poblada de Andalucía, Sevilla. Se procesaron los datos contenidos en 45.920 certificados de eficiencia energética de viviendas y se analizaron según su tipología (unifamiliares y viviendas individuales en bloques plurifamiliares), el periodo de construcción y el distrito donde se ubican. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio permiten identificar aquellos distritos y zonas donde se concentran los edificios energéticamente menos eficientes.

The necessity for an accelerated transition of urban energy systems and, in particular, the building sector toward energy efficiency and carbon neutrality poses new challenges to planning and retrofitting existing buildings. To cope with these challenges, so-called urban building energy models (UBEMs) have been introduced for quantifying the energy demand in the building sector, identifying the hot spots of energy use and suggesting scenarios for retrofitting the buildings. Methods for developing an UBEM vary. In this thesis, based on a comprehensive review of the state of the art, an approach to the development of an automated simplified UBEM using open-access data from Swedish residential buildings was taken. The developed model makes use of building-level geo-referenced energy performance certificate (EPC) data to automatically form simplified single-zone models of buildings which are one-by-one simulated by the building energy simulation software EnergyPlus. The UBEM also includes energy retrofit scenarios for improving the energy efficiency of energy-intensive buildings based on the latest Swedish building codes, the Passive House standards as well as net zero energy buildings. The choice of simulation software and modeling complexity was made based on the results of this thesis proving that EnergyPlus was the most suitable software for handling large-scale building energy models efficiently. The results also showed that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of a simplified single-zone model from a detailed multi-zone model is only 6 %. This error becomes marginal when the spatial aggregation of the results increases. With the calibration of the model using the EPCs, the accuracy of the model improved considerably. The MAPE of the simulated annual energy demand from the actual energy performance of the buildings was reduced from 78 % to 26 %, for the case study city of Borlänge. The validation of the model for independent sources of hourly, and monthly ener

Energieffektivisering av byggnadsbeståndet är en viktig del av EU:s klimatarbete, och systemet med energideklarationen (EPC) är ett centralt politiskt verktyg för ändamålet. Forskningen om hur EPC påverkat fastighetsmarknaden är dock inte helt entydig. Fastän statistisk forskning huvudsakligen tyder på ett samband mellan en högre energiklass och en högre köpeskilling, marknadsförs inte energiklassen som en lönsam grön strategi. Genom att intervjua svenska fastighetsaktörer om deras syn på och användning av energideklarationen ämnar denna studie undersöka om EPC-märkningen (energiklassen), som ingår som ett obligatorium i alla försäljnings- och hyresannonser, spelar någon roll för betalningsvilja och investeringsbeslut. I det fall det finns en lönsamhet i energieffektivitet borde energideklarationen vara ett värdefullt informationsverktyg. Den borde dessutom leda till en kontinuerlig förbättring av energiklasserna i det svenska byggnadsbeståndet och på lång sikt bidra till att uppnå klimatmål på nationell och internationell nivå. År 2022 väntas tillägg till befintlig EU-lagstiftning som kommer öka fokus på energieffektivisering för att uppnå de globala klimatmålen, vilket gör det än mer angeläget att utreda EPC-systemets tillämpning och potentiella fördelar på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden. Resultaten av denna studie visar att EPC-märkningen inte har haft en speciellt stor inverkan på marknaden sedan den infördes eftersom den inte skapar ekonomiska incitament att investera i energieffektivitet, och de energieffektiviseringsåtgärder som deklarationen föreslår är alltför generiska och bristfälliga. På det hela taget har deklarationen en svag ställning och är för närvarande främst begränsad till en formalitet. Värdet av en bra energiklass kommer dock sannolikt att öka till följd av implementeringen av EU-taxonomin, och denna ökning beror till stor del på de finansiella fördelar en bra energiklass kan medföra. Resultaten i denna uppsats ifrågasätter ett energiklassning, Improving the energy efficiency of the building stock is an important part of the EU's climate work, and the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) scheme is a key policy tool for this purpose. Research on the impact of the Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) on the real estate market is not entirely clear. While statistical research mainly suggests a correlation between a better energy class and a higher price, the energy class is not being marketed as a profitable green strategy. By interviewing Swedish real estate actors about their views on the energy performance certificate (EPC) this study seeks to investigate whether the EPC label, which is included as a mandatory element in all sales and rental advertisements, plays a role in willingness to pay and investment decisions. If there is a profitability in energy efficiency, the EPC should be a valuable information tool. In addition, it should lead to a continuous improvement of the energy performance of the Swedish building stock, and in the long term contribute to achieving climate goals at national and international level. In 2022, amendments to existing EU legislation are expected that will increase the focus on energy efficiency to achieve the global climate goals, making it even more urgent to investigate the application and potential benefits of the EPC scheme in the Swedish real estate market. The result of this study shows that the EPC label has not had a significant impact on the market since its introduction, since it does not create financial incentives to invest in energy efficiency and since the energy efficiency improvement measures proposed by the declaration are too generic and insufficient. On the whole, the energy performance certificate has a weak position and is currently mainly limited to a formality. However, the value of a good energy class is likely to increase as a result of the implementation of the EU taxonomy, and this transition is largely dependent on the financial benefits a good en

Energy performance certificates (EPC) aim to provide transparency about building energy performance (BEP) and benchmark buildings. Despite having qualified auditors examining buildings through on-site visits, BEP accuracy in EPCs is frequently criticized. Qualified auditors are often bound to engineering-based energy quantification methods. However, recent studies have revealed data-driven methods to be more accurate regarding benchmarking. Unlike engineering methods, data-driven methods can learn from data that non-experts might collect. This raises the question of whether data-driven methods allow for simplified data collection while still achieving the same accuracy as prescribed engineering-based methods. This study presents a method for selecting building variables, which even occupants can reliably collect and which at the same time contribute most to a data-driven method's predictive power. The method is tested and validated in a case study on a real-world data set containing 25,000 German single-family houses. Having all data collected by non-experts, results show that the data-driven method achieves about 35% higher accuracy than the currently used engineering method by qualified auditors. Our study proposes a stepwise method to design data-driven EPCs, outlines design recommendations, and derives policy implications.

With buildings consuming nearly 40% of energy in developed countries, it is important to accurately estimate and understand the building energy efficiency in a city. A better understanding of building energy efficiency is beneficial for reducing overall household energy use and providing guidance for future housing improvement and retrofit. In this research, we propose a deep learning-based multi-source data fusion framework to estimate building energy efficiency. We consider the traditional factors associated with the building energy efficiency from the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) for 160,000 properties (30,000 buildings) in Glasgow, UK (e.g., property structural attributes and morphological attributes), as well as the Google Street View (GSV) building façade images as a complement. We compare the performance improvements between our data-fusion framework with traditional morphological attributes and image-only models. The results show that including the building façade images from GSV, the overall model accuracy increases from 79.7% to 86.8%. A further investigation and explanation of the deep learning model are conducted to understand the relationships between building features and building energy efficiency by using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Our research demonstrates the potential of using multi-source data in building energy efficiency prediction with high accuracy and short inference time. Our paper also helps understand building energy efficiency at the city level to help achieve the net-zero target by 2050. © 2022 The Author(s)

The purpose of this study was to describe how real estate agents take into account invested energy improvement measures in their valuation of single-family homes. A qualitative research method has been used to achieve the purpose of the study. The data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews with real estate agents in Sweden. In order to be able to structure and analyze the collected material, an analysis method has been used according to Gioia. What we found in the study is that energy-saving investments affect value to varying degrees. Single measures have an insignificant value impact, while several investments have a greater effect on the value of the property. Investment in a new heating system is one such measure that we have found leads to an increased value. We have also found that there is a lack of market information for real estate agents when valuing single-family house units regarding to the energy performance of the comparison object.

Магістерська дисертація «Оцінка енергетичних характеристик будівлі та сертифікація енергоефективності» складається з 142 сторінки, 62 рисунків, 98 таблиць, а також містить 31 джерело в переліку посилань. Актуальність теми пов’язана з розвитком системи сертифікації енергоефективності будівель, підходів до оцінки показників енергоефективності будівель. Мета магістерської дисертації – методичне дослідження системи сертифікації енергетичної ефективності будівель в Україні на прикладі житлового будинку, визначення енергетичних характеристик будівлі, моделювання енергопотреби та енергоспоживання, порівняння отриманих результатів. Завдання дослідження – оцінка енергетичних характеристик об’єкту дослідження, визначення показників енергоефективності будівлі, формування енергетичного сертифікату, моделювання енергопотреби та енергоспоживання у спеціалізованому ПЗ, економічна оцінка можливостей підвищення рівня енергоефективності. Об’єкт дослідження – багатоквартирний 24-поверховий житловий будинок у м. Київ. Предмет дослідження – Енергетичні характеристики будівлі, енергоспоживання, енергопотреби будівлі. Практичне значення дослідження полягає у поглибленні існуючих, розвитку і обґрунтуванню нових підходів оцінки енергетичних характеристик та показників енергоефективності будівель, методичних аспектів сертифікації енергоефективності будівель. Отримані результати, розглянуті методики та підходи можуть використовуватись при викладанні дисциплін «Методи енергомоніторингу та енергоаудиту будівель» та «Методи аналізу енергоефективності будівель» для студентів спеціальності 144 «Теплоенергетика»., The master's dissertation "Assessment of energy performance of a building and certification of energy efficiency" consists of 142 pages, 62 figures, 98 tables, and also contains 31 sources in the list of references. The relevance of the topic is related to the development of a system of certification of energy efficiency of buildings, approaches to assessing the energy efficiency of buildings. The purpose of the master's dissertation is a methodical research of the system of certification of energy efficiency of buildings in Ukraine on the example of a residential building, determination of energy characteristics of the building, modeling of energy consumption and energy consumption, comparison of the obtained results. The objectives of the study are to assess the energy performance of the object of study, to determine the energy efficiency of the building, the formation of the energy certificate, modeling energy consumption and energy consumption in specialized software, economic assessment of energy efficiency. The object of research is a 24-storey apartment building in Kyiv. Subject of research - Energy characteristics of the building, energy consumption, energy needs of the building. The practical significance of the study is to deepen existing, develop and justify new approaches to assessing the energy performance and energy efficiency of buildings, methodological aspects of energy efficiency certification of buildings.- The obtained results, considered methods and approaches can be used in teaching the disciplines "Methods of energy monitoring and energy audit of buildings" and "Methods of analysis of energy efficiency of buildings" for students majoring in 144 "Power engineering".

Building databases are important assets when estimating and planning for national energy savings from energy retrofitting. However, databases often lack information on building characteristics needed to determine the feasibility of specific energy conservation measures. In this paper, machine learning methods are used to enrich the Swedish database of Energy Performance Certificates with building characteristics relevant for a chosen set of energy retrofitting packages. The study is limited to the Swedish multifamily building stock constructed between 1945 and 1975, as these buildings are facing refurbishment needs that advantageously can be combined with energy retrofitting. In total, 514 ocular observations were conducted in Google Street View of two building characteristics that were needed to determine the feasibility of the chosen energy retrofitting packages: (i) building type and (ii) suitability for additional façade insulation. Results showed that these building characteristics could be predicted with an accuracy of 88.9% and 72.5% respectively. It could be concluded that machine learning methods show promising potential to enrich building databases with building characteristics relevant for energy retrofitting, which in turn can improve estimations of national energy savings potential., (This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Performance of Buildings)

Bostads- och servicesektorn står för den största energianvändningen i hela Sverige på 40 %, följt av industrisektorn och transportsektorn. Sveriges riksdag har satt upp ett klimatpolitiskt ramverk från energiöverenskommelsen, bland annat med målet om att energianvändningen ska vara 50 % effektivare till år 2030 i jämförelse med år 2005, uttryckt i termer av tillförd energi i relation till BNP. Det finns stora besparingsmöjligheter att hämta i bostäder, och för att göra en skillnad måste information och kunskap spridas till både fastighetsägare och privatpersoner. Det här examensarbetet är en del av Energikontor Norrs projekt ”Stratus” som arbetar med att stötta 12 kommuner i Norrbottens län, genom att strategiskt arbeta mot att hitta en effektiv och framgångsrik väg för att nå de nationella energi- och klimatmålen anpassad till respektive kommuns förutsättningar. Syftet med projektet har varit att kartlägga behovet/potentialen för energieffektivisering i olika befintliga byggnader hos alla de 14 kommunerna i Norrbottens län genom analys och bearbetning av data från energideklarationer, lantmäteriet och litteratur. Byggbeståndet har kategoriserats i fyra byggnadskategorier: ”en- och tvåbostadshus”, ”flerbostadshus”, ”lokal- och specialbyggnader” och ”lokalbyggnader”. Resultatet visar ett energideklarerat byggnadsbestånd där 80 % av byggnaderna har en energiklass mellan D-G, där stor andel av beståndet är byggt under 60–80 talet, därav i behov av någon form av renovering. Byggnadsbeståndet som saknar energideklaration är främst komplementbyggnader som ofta inte behöver en energideklaration, följt av bostäder, där friliggande småhus hör till den största andelen. Den största besparingspotentialen utifrån förslagna åtgärdsförslag finns att hämta i lokal- och specialbyggnader följt av lokalbyggnader enligt energideklarationerna. En estimerad besparingspotential för energianvändningen i hela Norrbottens län, baserat på åtgärdsförslag från energideklarationerna, visar, The housing and service sector accounts for the largest energy consumption, 40 % in Sweden followed by the industrial and transport sectors. The Swedish Parliament has established a climate policy framework from the energy agreement, including the goal of energy use being 50 % more efficient by 2030, compared to 2005, expressed in terms of energy input in relation to GDP. There are great savings opportunities to obtain in housing, and to make a difference knowledge must be disseminated to both property owners and private individuals. This project is part of the Energikontor Norr project "Stratus", which works to support 12 municipalities in Norrbotten County, by strategically working towards finding an effective and successful way to achieve the national energy and climate goals adapted to the respective municipalities' conditions. The purpose of the project has been to identify the need / potential for energy efficiency in various existing buildings in all the 14 municipalities in Norrbotten County through analysis and processing of data from energy performance certificates (EPC’s), surveying and literature. The building stock has been categorized into four categories: “one- and two-dwelling houses”, “apartment buildings”, “local- and special buildings” and “local buildings”. The result shows an energy-declared building stock where 80 % of the buildings have an energy class between D-G, where a large proportion of the stock is built in the 60-80s, hence in need of renovation to reduce the energy consumption. The building stock that does not have an EPC is mainly complementary buildings, that do not even need an EPC, followed by housing, where detached houses belong to the largest proportion. The greatest savings potential based on policy proposal can be found in the “local and special buildings”, followed by “local buildings” according to the EPC’s. An estimated saving potential for energy use in the entire county of Norrbotten, based on policy proposal propo

In 2008, the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE TM46 UC) presented an annual-fixed thermal energy benchmark of 240 kWh/m2/yr for university campus (UC) buildings as an attempt to reduce energy consumption in public buildings. However, the CIBSE TM46 UC benchmark fails to consider the difference between energy demand in warm and cold months, as the thermal performance of buildings largely depends on the ambient temperature. This paper presents a new generation of monthly thermal energy benchmarks (MTEBs) using two computational methods including mixed-use model and converter model, which consider the variations of thermal demand throughout a year. MTEBs were generated using five basic variables, including mixed activities in the typical college buildings, university campus revised benchmark (UCrb), typical operation of heating systems, activities impact, and heating degree days. The results showed that MTEBs vary from 24 kWh/m2/yr in January to one and nearly zero kWh/m2/yr in June and July, respectively. Based on the detailed assessments, a typical college building was defined in terms of the percentage of its component activities. Compared with the 100% estimation error of the TM46 UC benchmark, the maximum 21% error of the developed methodologies is a significant achievement. The R-squared value of 99% confirms the reliability of the new generation of benchmarks., Building Services

En la literatura, la evidencia empírica sobre las primas verdes para los hogares con eficiencia energética no proporciona las razones que producen tal incremento de precios. Este documento, utilizando encuestas de preferencias declaradas, explora si los hogares en Barcelona están dispuestos a pagar (WTP) por una mejora en la clasificación proveniente de los Certificados de Eficiencia Energética (EPC) y las razones que explican su variación. Los resultados sugieren que, en general, las personas desconocen el esquema EPC y tienden a confundir el rendimiento energético de los hogares con la calidad arquitectónica general. Dichas limitaciones reducen la WTP para hogares eficientes, mientras que otras percepciones como la comodidad y una mejor condición de salud asociada con el rendimiento energético parecen estar correlacionadas positivamente. Además, el análisis estratificado indica la existencia de sensibilidades divergentes asociadas con condiciones socioeconómicas. En general, plantea desafíos importantes para el diseño de políticas públicas dirigidas a fomentar la difusión de hogares con eficiencia energética. Los resultados de este documento implican desafíos importantes para la comunicación de la política de EPC en España, no solo porque la sociedad no es monolítica, tiene motivaciones divergentes cuando se apuesta por una vivienda eficiente, sino también porque la información superficial parece ser ineficiente para crear conciencia sobre la implicación del rendimiento energético de los edificios., En la literatura, l'evidència empírica sobre les primes verds per a les llars amb eficiència energètica no proporciona les raons que produeixen aquest increment de preus. Aquest document, utilitzant enquestes de preferències declarades, explora si les llars a Barcelona estan disposats a pagar (WTP) per una millora en la classificació provinent dels Certificats d'Eficiència Energètica (EPC) i les raons que expliquen la seva variació. Els resultats suggereixen que, en general, les persones desconeixen l'esquema EPC i tendeixen a confondre el rendiment energètic de les llars amb la qualitat arquitectònica general. Aquestes limitacions redueixen la WTP per a llars eficients, mentre que altres percepcions com la comoditat i una millor condició de salut associada amb el rendiment energètic semblen estar correlacionades positivament. A més, l'anàlisi estratificat indica l'existència de sensibilitats divergents associades amb condicions socioeconòmiques. En general, planteja reptes importants per al disseny de polítiques públiques dirigides a fomentar la difusió de llars amb eficiència energètica. Els resultats d'aquest document impliquen reptes importants per a la comunicació de la política d'EPC a Espanya, no només perquè la societat no és monolítica, té motivacions divergents quan s'aposta per un habitatge eficient, sinó també perquè la informació superficial sembla ser ineficient per a crear consciència sobre la implicació del rendiment energètic dels edificis.Paraules clau: Valoració contingent; valoració de béns immobles; eficiència energètica; certificat d'eficiència energètica, In the literature, the empirical evidence on the green premium for energy-efficient homes does not provide the reasons that produce such price increment. This paper, using stated preferences surveys, explores whether households in Barcelona are willing to pay (WTP) for an improvement in the ranking coming from Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) and the reasons explaining its variance. The results suggest that, in general, people are unaware of the EPC scheme, and tend to confound energy performance of homes with the overall architectonic quality. Such limitations reduce the WTP for efficient homes, while other perceptions such as comfort and an improved health condition associated with energy performance appear as positively correlated. Furthermore, the stratified analysis indicates the existence of divergent sensibilities associated with socioeconomic conditions. On the whole, it poses important challenges for the design of public policies aimed at fostering the diffusion of energy-efficient homes. The findings of this paper imply important challenges for the communication of the EPC policy in Spain, not only because society is not monolithic, having divergent motivations when bidding for efficient housing, but also because superficial information seems to be inefficient in creating awareness on the implication of the energy performance of buildings., Peer Reviewed

The Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) has an especial feature for existing buildings, a Recommendation List of Measures (RLM) designed to improve the energy performance of these buildings. This feature has not been properly studied by researchers or policymakers, in spite of being one of the main tools that can encourage building owners to perform renovation activities. Considering the scarce research focusing on the recommendations list of measures, more information is needed in order to identify weaknesses, barriers and improvements of this tool. This is especially important since the European commitment to reduce their emissions in 2020 are far from reaching the proposed goals, mainly becouse of the low renovation rate. This critical review is based on the current literature mainly from reports delivered by the Commission and academic research. The study focuses on the requirement set by the directive, its current performance, barriers and improvements that can be made to take this tool to a level that can be effectively used by policymakers, certifiers and owners. The upgrade of the recommendation list of measure should strengthen their calculation methods and procedure from both local authorities and the Commission. This should be in line with the certifiers’ needs in order to do relevant work, including proper training, mandatory field inspections and tools. Lastly, financial policies and information should be implemented to accompany the certificate, ensuring that building owners interested in renovation have assistance and financial facilities or easy access to relevant information on this matter. The main conclusion of this study reveals that the regulatory framework could use some strictness in order to avoid ‘just enough’ implementations. Ambiguous definitions and too flexible obligations should be revised, especially cost-effectiveness and training for the certifiers. Attention on how to deliver the information to building owners should be increased

Global energy consumption is projected to increase by 48% in 2040 compared to 2012. A more detailed analysis of the distribution of energy consumption calls attention to the fact that the building sector is responsible for up to 40% of our energy and resource consumption in both developed and developing countries, and up to 30% of all energy related greenhouse gas emissions. Due to their life cycle, which is expected to be several decades, a significant number of residential buildings will need to improve their energy performance in order to effectively reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. More than 40% of Europe's residential buildings have inefficient energy conservation measures because they were built in the 1960s. Moreover, between 1961-1990 the housing stock doubled. By improving energy efficiency in domestic buildings, many benefits can be achieved, such as reduced operating costs, increased indoor environmental quality, user satisfaction and labour productivity. Two important measures to reduce energy consumption and lessen the effect of global warming are the Energy Performance of Buildings Directives (EPBD) and the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED). The main measure concerning the renovation of residential buildings is the establishment of a certification system for the energy performance of buildings which will include recommendations for the optimal or cost-effective improvement of the energy performance of a building or building unit. The most common model used to draw up the list of recommendations that accompanies the energy certificate refers to an automatic list. This is based on standard measures according to the type of building, without considering the actual energy consumption. Examples of these measures include increased insulation, replacement of windows and the use of heat pumps. According to different sources, the list of energy measures is often of little practical use. This is because energy certifiers do not

This article presents and discusses the challenges of refurbishing historic apartment buildings by correlating findings from research projects LEAF and CulClim. Our aim is to shed light on how residents can partake in and optimise the refurbishment process after energy performance certificates (EPC) have been conducted. The background is that historic apartment buildings are generally more complex than single family buildings with respect to the energy efficiency process as they often have multiple owners with different priorities. The case studies from Norway and Sweden have conceptually contrasting energy performance certificate (EPC) systems. Identified advantages and shortcomings concerning both systems are discussed. In Sweden, the restrained recommendation of measures can lead to national mitigation targets not being realised. In Norway, excessive and unqualified recommendations risk reducing the cultural heritage values of the existing building stock as well as having a negative environmental impact on greenhouse gas emissions. A bottom-up approach incorporating the resident's objectives is presented and discussed. Results suggest that improved EPC-systems and a broadened procedural approach to decision making will ease the process and improve the outcome of the refurbishment with respect to both energy and heritage aspects.

Incomplete information may be one reason why some households do not invest in energy efficiency even though it would benefit them to do so. Energy performance certificates (EPCs) have been promoted to overcome such information shortages. In this paper, we investigate whether EPCs together with mandatory home energy audits make households more likely to invest in energy efficiency. Our study takes advantage of the mandatory nature of the EPCs to avoid the potential selection bias problem that typically applies to studies using voluntary energy audits as the treatment. Our treatment group consists of single-household houses in Sweden sold from 2008, i.e., when EPCs became legally required in connection with sales of residential buildings, to 2015; while the control group consists of houses sold between 2002 and 2008, i.e., without an EPC. The results show that there is no statistically significant treatment effect for most of the measures that a household can take to improve the energy performance of their house. The significant treatment effect that we do find concerns a few heating system-related measures.

Předložená práce se zabývá vztahem mezi energetickou náročností budovy a její cenou; byla prezentována v rámci konference ExFoS ve dnech 24.–25. 1. 2019. V práci jsou představeny zahraniční studie v této oblasti a jejich závěry je vysvětleno, jak může energetická třída nemovitosti indikovat její kvalitu. Závěrečná část se věnuje ekonomické stránce dané problematiky. Ukazuje pozitivní vztah mezi lepší energetickou třídou nemovitosti a nižšími účty za energie, což je něco, co může být do budoucna využito například bankovním sektorem., The analysis presented during ExFoS conference on 24.–25. 1. 2019 examines the link between energy performance of buildings and the value of building. The analysis examines foreign studies in this field and explains why could the energy performance certificates indicate quality of the building. The last section shows the hidden economy of the energy performance. A ratio between better energy class and lower energy bills exists and may be further exploited for instance by the banking sector.

Energy performance certificates (EPCs) are important tools aimed at improving buildings’energy performance. They play a central role in the context of the Energy Performance of BuildingsDirective (EPBD) which asks member states (MS) to take the necessary measures to establish a completecertification system. In this study, an application of the hedonic price method (HPM) assessing theeffect of energy labels derived from the EPC on real estate market value is presented. The estimationmethodology was applied to two European cities characterized by different climate conditions.The analysis was based on two datasets of listing prices referring to multi-family residential marketsin Turin (Italy) and Barcelona (Spain). Four models for each dataset were applied to capture themarginal price of green attributes, but also to control for the spatial autocorrelation among values.The findings showed how the EPC has been applied in the two countries and how it has influenced thereal estate market. Turin’s buyers pay more attention to the EPC label, while in Barcelona, they valuemuch more single characteristics, such as air conditioning and a swimming pool, considered popularattributes among contemporary buildings in this climate zone. From the results, it is possible todeduce that the implementation of the EPC schemes is still irregular in EU countries and must bestrengthened through a standardized rating model, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

The real estate sector plays a key role in the German climate and energy policy due to its great potential for reducing the energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) represents an important tool to provide information concerning the energy quality of a certain property. The introduction of the obligation to disclose the EPC when residential buildings are offered for sale or rent in 2014 should further strengthen the role of the information tool. This study investigates the perception and influence of the EPC using the following complementary methods: expert interviews, choice-based conjoint analysis and hedonic pricing model. In addition to the analysis of hypothetical rental decisions on residential properties, this study also focuses on the resulting price effect of EPCs. The results show on the one hand a relatively high importance of the energy quality when tenants’ preferences are determined indirectly. On the other hand, the price effect for energy-efficient apartments amounts up to 7.1%. The price effect also intensifies after the recast of the legal provisions indicating a higher transparency of the market through the introduction of the disclosure obligation. However, there are still obstacles, which require further development of the information tool in order to exploit the potential of the EPC., Die Immobilienbranche nimmt eine Schlüsselfunktion in der Klimaschutz- und Energiepolitik Deutschlands ein, da durch sie große Einsparungspotenziale bei Energieverbrauch und CO2-Emissionen identifiziert werden. Der Energieausweis stellt ein wichtiges Informationsinstrument dar, um Aufschluss über die energetische Qualität einer Immobilie zu erlangen. In der vorliegenden Studie werden die Wahrnehmung und der Einfluss des Energieausweises anhand sich ergänzender Methoden untersucht: Experteninterviews, Choice-Based Conjoint-Analyse (CBCA) und hedonisches Preismodell. Neben der Analyse hypothetischer Mietentscheidungen bei Wohnimmobilien steht auch der Preiseffekt des Energieausweises in realen Mietentscheidungen im Fokus dieser Untersuchung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zum einen eine vergleichsweise hohe Bedeutung der energetischen Qualität einer Immobilie bei der indirekten Ermittlung von Präferenzen im Rahmen der CBCA. Zum anderen ergibt sich aufgrund des vorhandenen Bewusstseins bei der realen Mietentscheidung ein positiver Preiseffekt für energetisch effiziente Wohnungen von bis zu 7,1 %. Eine Intensivierung der Preiseffekte nach Anpassung der gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen spricht für eine höhere Markttransparenz durch die Einführung der Vorlagepflicht des Energieausweises. Es bestehen jedoch weiterhin Defizite in der Umsetzung, sodass abschließend Empfehlungen für eine Weiterentwicklung des Informationsinstruments gegeben werden., QC 20191029

The European building stock was renewed at a rapid pace during the period 1950–1975.In many European countries, the building stock from this time needs to be renovated, and thereare opportunities to introduce energy efficiency measures in the renovation process. Informationavailability and increasingly available analysis tools make it possible to assess the impact of policyand regulation. This article describes methods developed for analyzing investments in renovationand energy performance based on building ownership and inhabitant socio-economic informationdeveloped for Swedish authorities, to be used for the Swedish national renovations strategy in2019. This was done by analyzing measured energy usage and renovation investments made duringthe last 30 years, coupled with building specific official information of buildings and resident areacharacteristics, for multi-family dwellings in Gothenburg (N = 6319). The statistical analyses showthat more costly renovations lead to decreasing energy usage for heating, but buildings that havebeen renovated during the last decades have a higher energy usage when accounting for currentheating system, ownership, and resident socio-economic background. It is appropriate to includean affordability aspect in larger renovation projects since economically disadvantaged groups areover-represented in buildings with poorer energy performance.

Disclosing the energy performance information for buildings has been expected to become an important policy for controlling energy demand and reducing CO2 emissions, but its effectiveness remains controversial. This study investigates the effect of energy performance information on consumer residential choice by using a discrete choice experiment in South Korea. The estimation results confirmed that the energy efficiency level of the given housing has a significant effect on consumer residential choice when the related information is actually delivered. Combined with evidence from the simulation study, we suggest that obligating the owners to provide energy performance information to potential buyers/tenants would be necessary for enhancing the use of the information during the consumer decision-making process. Additionally, the simulation result implies that the effectiveness of the policy can be underestimated by the price premium related to energy efficiency. Therefore, we suggest that the government should control the price premium for high-efficiency buildings at the early stage so that the policy related to disclosing the energy performance can be on track.

Dwellings built between 1945 and 1980 have the largest energy demand in the EU, which by 2009 represented 70% of the final energy use in buildings. A great portion of these dwellings have not been retrofitted and most of them were not built with any energy efficiency measures, since most of the energy regulations were implemented after the oil crisis in the 70s. To face this issue several actions were taken in the EU, among these, the implementation of Energy Performance Certification, which includes a Recommendation List of Measures (RLMs) to retrofit the property. The main objective of this study is to identify the weaknesses of the RLMs and to suggest changes to improve the quality and impact of this feature. The results indicate that to retrofit an existing building, the RLMs lack information for decision-making. The study suggests important barriers to overcome for achieving potential energy reductions in existing residential buildings, highlighting improvements to the recommendation content and its implementation.

In this paper the issue of market capitalization of energy efficient buildings is addressed by considering single-family housing in Sweden and through analyzing as to what extent the market price for a house is influenced by its energy performance. Are Swedish homeowners doing well by doing good? We make use of information provided by the Swedish energy performance certificates for single-family homes matched with data on the corresponding transaction prices, household characteristics and attributes of the neighborhood. The resulting database, covering about 77,000 individual observations, is used to analyze the relationship between the price of a house and its energy performance by means of a hedonic model. Unlike most other studies the energy performance is decomposed into energy consumption and several other variables characterizing the energy system. The main question addressed is if there is a price premium for energy efficient housing in Sweden. Our results differ from earlier studies and indicate no price premium related to the energy consumption but substantial premiums for housing attributes that improve the energy efficiency. A likely explanation is that prospective buyers of new homes base their expectations about future energy consumption on those attributes rather than on the energy consumption of the previous owner., QC 20170120

In Sweden and many European countries, the building stock increased at a rapid pace during the period of 1950-1975. This aging building stock is in need of renovation which is a challenge and an opportunity in reaching the energy performance targets as well as decreasing societal inequities. The contribution of this thesis is to demonstrate how economic, social and resource usage challenges of renovating the building stock can be analyzed and described using comprehensive building-specific data. In this thesis, building ownership types, area socio-economic characteristics, building energy performance, and investments in renovation, are analyzed for the Gothenburg multi-family dwelling stock. Measured energy usage from the Swedish Energy Performance Certificate was used in the analysis. The data quality of the Energy Performance Certificate was assessed for the purpose of analyzing the building stock. The Energy Performance Certificates were matched with official building information from the Swedish Land Survey and area socio-economic information from Statistics Sweden. Using this dataset, rent increases due to renovations are estimated and compared. To broaden the analysis, a case study in a renovation project of multi-family dwellings in an economically disadvantaged area is also presented. In the case study renovation, the implemented energy usage reducing measure of volumetric billing of water was found to increase rents. The case study is used to exemplify how energy usage reducing renovation projects, with little consideration for social city development targets, can aggravate economic segregation. There is positive progress towards the 2020 targets of greenhouse gas emission reduction and improved energy efficiency in the Swedish housing sector; while there is little progress toward the Gothenburg city target to reduce segregation. The Swedish housing sector is rather part of the economic and geographic segregation process in Gothenburg. Renovation will be ne, Appended articles: I. Mangold M, Morrison G, Harder R, Hagbert P, and Rauch S. (2014) “TheTransformative Effect of the Introduction of Water Volumetric Billing in a DisadvantagedHousing Area in Sweden.” Water Policy 16 (5): 973-990. doi:10.2166/wp.2014.105. II. Mangold M, Österbring M, and Wallbaum H. (2015) “Review of Swedish ResidentialBuilding Stock Research.” International Journal of Environmental Sustainability, 11 (2).ISSN: 23251077. III. Mangold M, Österbring M, and Wallbaum H. (2015) “Handling Data UncertaintiesWhen Using Swedish Energy Performance Certificate Data to Describe Energy Usage inthe Building Stock.” Energy and Buildings 102: 328–36. IV. Mangold M, Österbring M, Wallbaum H, Tuvander L, and Femenias P. (2016) “SocioEconomic Impact of Renovation and Energy Retrofitting of the Gothenburg BuildingStock.” Energy and Buildings. 123: 41-49 doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.04.033 V. Mangold M, Österbring M, Wallbaum H, Overland C, and Johansson T. “Buildingownership, renovation investments and energy performance - A study of multi-familydwellings in Gothenburg.” Submitted to Energy and Buildings. This thesis has been financially supported by Chalmers Infrastructure Engineering, SIRen, E2B2,Chalmers Area of Advance Energy, and the Swedish Research Council for Environment,Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning – Formas, within the Homes for Tomorrow project.

This work is about the software named BEP-TR (Building Energy Performance -Turkey), which is developed upon request from Turkish Ministry of Environment and Urbanization to apply to build energy performance directive nationwide to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in Turkey. The directive requires that each building in the country must have an energy performance certificate (EPC) indicating the ratings of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of the related building. BEP-TR software is designed mainly to issue EPC for buildings considering each phase of EPC preparation process and tasks of associated institutions and individuals. BEP-TR is mainly composed of two software applications called BEP-BUY and BEP-IS. BEP-BUY is a desktop application, which allows the user to design a building stored in XML project file and calculate its energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission to determine its corresponding ratings. EPC application for the designed building, which meets standards required by government is done by sending the project file of the building through BEP-BUY to the BEP-IS. BEP-IS is an internet based software which is under the control of the ministry. BEP-IS confirms the calculations made for the building using the received project file and initiates the process of preparing EPC. BEP-IS provides users who take part in this process interfaces designed as web pages. Users and their authorizations are managed by fully authorized users defined for the ministry through BEP-IS. Besides BEP-IS stores and reports data related to processes and users. There are two other modules called library and calculation which are embedded in both BEP-BUY and BEP-IS. Library module stores the data related to structural materials, which are determined to be usable in building construction. Calculation module contains the national calculation method developed to calculate greenhouse emission and energy consumption of a building using properties of materia

The Swedish energy performance certificates for single-family housing provide rich information on energy consumption and various physical attributes. They also include estimates of the energy conservation potentials resulting from implementing cost-efficient energy saving measures. By matching the certificates issued for single-family houses in 2009 and 2010, with socio-economic data about the residents, local climate data and information about recent improvements of the building we have created a unique database, which can be used to explore a wide variety of questions related to energy consumption and conservation. One aim of this paper is to assess the role for energy consumption played by socio-economic characteristics of the residents as compared to physical attributes of the house. Another is to estimate the influence of housing attributes and climate on the "engineering estimates" of the conservation potentials. Our results show that while the quantitative impact of physical attributes dominate the energy use for heating and cooling, the opposite holds for household electricity. The assessed conservation potential, amounting to 15% of the energy consumption, is significantly related to both the housing attributes and the use of energy. The results also indicate a need to improve the information provided by the performance certificates., QC 20150827

Problemställning: Idag utgör byggnader 40 % av den Europeiska unionens sammanlagda energianvändning. Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2010/31/EU antogs den 19 maj 2010, vilket verkar för att öka användningen av förnybara energikällor och samtidigt minska energianvändningen. Direktivet beskriver att medlems-staterna ska ta ansvar för att alla nya byggnader är nära-nollenergibyggnader senast utgången av 2020. Byggnader, som ägs och används av offentliga myndigheter, ska redan från utgången av 2018 byggas som nära-nollenergibyggnader. Även vid renovering, ska befintliga byggnader byggas om så att byggnaden eller den ändrade byggnadsdelen uppfyller de minimikrav som ställs i samband med energiprestanda. Förändringar på befintliga byggnader ska ske där det är tekniskt, funktionellt och ekonomiskt genomförbart. Enligt 2010/31/EU ska de sammanlagda utsläppen av växthusgaser minskas med minst 20 % fram till och med 2020, vid jämförelse med 1990 års nivåer. Kraven i direktivet ska ses som minimikrav, vilket innebär att ingen medlemsstat ska hindras från att införa strängare åtgärder för att nå målet. För att följa 2010/31/EU krävs ett ökat engagemang från alla inblandade aktörer, exempelvis politiker, myndigheter och projektörer. Syfte och mål: Syftet med rapporten är att sammanställa hanteringen av energi- och fuktfrågor vid ny- och ombyggnation inom Sveriges kommuner och landsting. Som medlemsstat i EU ska Sverige arbeta för att uppnå kraven angående nära-nollenergibyggnader senast utgången av 2020, enligt direktiv 2010/31/EU. Examensarbetet undersöker om det finns kommuner, som redan nu har påbörjat arbetet för att kunna uppnå detta, exempelvis genom skärpta krav på energi, fukt, ventilation och inomhusmiljö gentemot Boverkets byggregler. Metod: För att kunna kartlägga hanteringen av energi- och fuktfrågor inom Sveriges kommuner och landsting, har en webbaserad enkätunder-sökning genomförts. Enkäten togs fram i två utföranden, en för Sveriges kommuner och en för lan, Question: Today, buildings are responsible for 40 % of the total energy consumption in the Union. Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and Council was adopted May 19th of 2010 whose purpose is to increase the usage of energy from renewable sources and to reduce energy consumption. Article 9 states that by December 31st of 2020, all new buildings are supposed to be nearly zero-energy buildings and after December 31st of 2018, new buildings that are owned by public authorities will be nearly zero-energy buildings. Even existing buildings that are being renovated, should meet the demands of nearly zero-energy consumption. All upgrades in energy performances should be made where it is technically, functionally and economically possible. One of the goals is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20 % below the levels of 1990 and also keep the global temperature from getting above 2°C. The demands listed in 2010/31/EU should be considered as guidelines and none of the Member States shall be prevented from setting higher standards to reach the goal. Purpose: The purpose with the master thesis is to gather information about the management of energy and moisture for construction and redevelopment in Sweden’s municipalities and county councils. As a Member State of the EU, Sweden is meant to meet the demands about nearly zero-energy buildings till the end of 2020. This thesis will examine what effort, if any, that has already been done by the Swedish municipalities and county councils. Is there any authority which sets more severe requirements than Boverket on energy, moisture, ventilation and/or indoor environments? Method: In order to identify the management of energy and moisture issues in construction of Sweden’s municipalities and county councils, a web survey was conducted. The survey had a deadline of one month and was sent to all 290 municipalities and also Sweden’s 18 county councils and two regions. The questionnaire requested answers in fields of, Att bygga energisnålt är inte längre bara en kostnadsfråga, utan även ett krav inför framtiden. Nära-nollenergibyggnader, energideklaration, fuktdimensionering och inomhusmiljö. Begreppen duggar tätt i dagens samhälle vid både ny- och ombyggnationer. Krav ställs på Europanivå gällande ett mer energisnålt byggande, där alla medlemsländer ska bidra till att minska energianvändningen och samtidigt öka användandet av förnybara energikällor. Vi står inför en stor utmaning, då tiden börjar bli knapp. Genom en webbaserad enkätundersökning har Sveriges 290 kommuner, 18 landsting och två regioner under 2011 fått möjlighet att bidra med svar om sina krav och hantering av energi- och fuktfrågor, inomhusmiljö och obligatorisk ventilationskontroll. Då undersökningen genomfördes visade det sig att det förekom kommuner och landsting, som ställde strängare krav än Boverkets Byggregler och som på så vis valde att bygga mer energisnålt än vad som krävdes inom Sverige. Det förekom även kommuner och landsting som sa sig ställa strängare krav även vid fukthantering och inomhusmiljö. Majoriteten av alla som svarade, visade också på en väl förankrad hantering av obligatorisk ventilationskontroll, med rutiner om uppföljning enligt Boverkets krav. En uppföljning genomfördes i början av 2015 och syftade bland annat till att undersöka om det förekom kommuner, vilka deltog i enkäten 2011, som i dagsläget begär in exempelvis sakkunnighetsintyg gällande energihushållning i samband med bygglovsansökan. Uppföljning visade dock att 60 % av de kommuner som undersöktes 2011, inte begär sådan information år 2015. Uppföljningen visade att nästan 48 % av de kommuner och landsting som undersöktes, redovisar sina miljömål på sin hemsida. Miljömålen förklarar vilka förbättringsmål som kommunerna och landstingen har för att kraftigt minska energianvändningen i jämförelse med tidigare år. Den 19 maj 2010 antog Europaparlamentet direktiv 2010/31/EU, som verkar för att minska energianvändningen och öka mängden

Purpose: Since 2009, all commercial buildings in Sweden should have undergone an energy performance rating in accordance with the European Union directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings. The main purpose of this rating is to illustrate a building's energy performance in an easy, straightforward manner. In doing so, it becomes easier for the actors on the real estate market to assess the building's energy performance, which in the end should be reflected in the capital value of the property. The aim of this paper is to study the EU Energy Performance Certificates' impact on office buildings' capital values. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper an econometric approach is used to estimate the energy performance impact on buildings' capital values. A panel data set was constructed using economic data from IPD Nordic and Energy Performance Certificates from the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning. Findings: This study shows that a building's energy performance has no impact on its capital value. Research limitations/implications: There may be a selection bias in the sample as the study is dependent on data from IPD Nordic. Originality/value: This is one of the first papers that study the EU Energy Performance Certificates' impact on office buildings' capital values in Sweden., QC 20140617

Roughly 130 000 dwellings have been officially registered since Norway as of summer 2009 passed their bill “Energimerkeforskriften” on energy performance certificates in buildings. The main objective is to decrease the total amount of national energy consumption by producing a methodology of calculation of the integrated energy performance of buildings as well as proposing cost effective measures to lower each building’s energy consumption. As the measures should not contravene nor be incompatible with the intended quality and character of the building, the “Energimerkeforskriften” exempts buildings that due to their historical and cultural values are protected cultural heritage legislation. The current system offers a couple of professional certification alternatives, but when two online semi-automatic methods developed specifically for non-professionals are by far the most used, and since the methods of calculation primarily have focused on modern building materials and construction, the rest of the historical building stock stands literally unprotected by incorrect performance certificates and high-risk energy efficient measures. The objective of this thesis is to identify if the current Norwegian energy certificate system poses a threat to older buildings. It also tries to pinpoint relevant additions in order to minimize those potential risks in a near future by relating potential impact to what is determined as the main character-defining values of a building. The results show that the system clearly has its flaws, mainly regarding the estimation of energy consumption, and that the automatically recommended energy efficient measures would pose a serious potential threat to the historical building stock of Norway if they were to be implemented., Bakgrunden till arbetet är de krav som EU direktivet (2002/91/EF) om byggnaders energiprestanda ställer på upprättande av energideklarationer och energieffektiviserande åtgärdsförslag. Till följd av att direktivet lämnat utrymme för given tillämpningsmetod har Norge utvecklat ett deklarationssystem där gemene hus- och fastighetsägare fått möjlighet att själva genomföra sin energideklaration, något som i andra länder enbart får genomföras av oberoende experter eller företag. Sedan systemet togs i bruk under slutet av 2009 har cirka 130 000 unika energideklarationer genomförts av privatpersoner genom den officiella hemsidan för Energimerke-systemet. Hemsidan tillhandahåller ett energiberäkningsprogram vilket med hjälp av olika tekniska och byggnadsrelaterade uppgifter som registreras av använder genererar en energideklaration. Systemets beräkning av byggnadens energibehov och uppvärmningssystemets verkningsgrad faller sedan samman i ett energimerke som i sin tur är ett krav att ha vid försäljning eller uthyrning av en bostad. Utöver själva beviset rekommenderas även ett antal energieffektiviserande åtgärder. Med ett rådande undantag för kulturhistoriskt skyddade byggnader och ett system som inte är anpassat efter äldre konstruktioner verkar det dock kunna finnas vissa risker med den nuvarande metoden. För att genomföra en första granskning av systemet och dess möjliga konsekvenser för äldre byggnader i Norge har detta arbete därför ställt ett stort statistiskt underlag av tidigare energideklarationer mot utfallet i några fallstudier och simuleringar. Syftet är att ge svar på huruvida energideklarationssystemet utgör ett hot mot äldre byggnaders karaktärsbärande värden eller ej, samt försöka identifiera hur systemet kan förbättras och utvecklas. Ett viktigt moment i att försöka svara på arbetets frågeställningar har utgjorts av ett resonemang vilket lett fram till det sammanvägande begreppet karaktärsbärande värden. Satt i förhållande till energideklarationssystemets, Spara och Bevara

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur energideklarationen har tagits emot och påverkat fastighetsägares arbete med energifrågor i flerbostadshus i Gävle. Metod: Denna uppsats baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med fastighetsägare i Gävle. Fastighetsägarna som har medverkat är från den kommunala och privata hyressektorn samt kooperativa bostadsrättsorganisationer och privata bostadsrättsföreningar. Intervjumaterialet har sammanställts i fem olika kategorier i löpande text med förtydligande tabeller och diagram. Resultat och slutsats: Endast tre av de sju tillfrågade fastighetsägarna är helt färdiga med energideklarationerna. Alla respondenter anser att energideklarationen är bra över lag, men det finns även flera saker som de anser är negativt med energideklarationen. Majoriteten av respondenterna anser att de inte har gjort några större förändringar i och med den nya lagen, de jobbade redan med energibesparande åtgärder innan energideklarationerna genomfördes. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: I uppsatsen har vi inte tagit hänsyn till de boende och deras påverkan av energiförbrukningen. Intressant vore att undersöka hur fastighetsägarna kan påverka deras energiförbrukning och hur medvetna de boende är om sina vanor. Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen har gett en inblick i hur energideklarationen fungerar i verkligheten och hur den har tagits emot av fastighetsägare i Gävle. Vidare har uppsatsen bidragit till en överblick över vad de olika fastighetsägarna fokuserar på när det gäller energifrågor. Nyckelord: Energideklaration, energiförbrukning, Aim: The aim of this paper is to investigate how the Energy Performance Certificate have been received and have affected building owner’s work with energy related issues in residential buildings in Gävle. Method: This paper is based on qualitative interviews with building owners in Gävle. The property owners who have contributed are from the municipal and private rental sector, co-operative economic associations and private housing cooperatives. The interview material has been put together in five different categories with clarifying tables and diagrams. Result and conclusions: Only three out of seven building owners have completed the Energy Performance Certificates (EPC). All respondents generally think that the EPC is good, but there are several things that they consider negative about the EPC. The majority of the respondents think that they have not made any major changes with the new legislation; they already worked with energy-saving measures before the EPC was carried out. Suggestions for future research: In the paper we have not considered the tenants and their influence on the energy consumption. It would be interesting to research how the building owners can affect their energy consumption and how aware they are of their habits. Contribution of the thesis: The paper gives an insight in how the EPC works in reality and how it has been received by building owners in Gävle. Furthermore, the paper have contributed to a general view of what the building owners focus on when it comes to energy relates issues. Key words: Energy Performance Certificate, Energy consumption

Bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem obnovitelného zdroje tepla stávající budovy mateřské školy v Janovicích. Návrh je proveden s využitím průkazu energetické náročnosti budovy. Teoretická část se zaobírá obnovitelnými zdroji energie pro vytápění, kde se konkrétně zaměřuje na energii okolního prostředí a biomasu. Výpočtová část se zabývá energetickou analýzou energetických potřeb a toků objektu, dále potřebou energie pro jednotlivé systémy budovy a nakonec ekonomickým a ekologickým hodnocením návrhových stavů. Projektová část obsahuje tři průkazy energické náročnosti budovy řešeného objektu., The bachelor's thesis deals with the design of a renewable heat source of the existing kindergarten building in Janovice. The design is made using the building's energy performance certificate. The theoretical part deals with renewable energy sources for heating, which specifically focuses on thermal energy and biomass. The calculation part deals with the energy analysis of energy needs and flows of the building, the energy needs for individual building systems and in coclusion the economic and ecological evaluation of design states. The project part contains three energy performance certificates of assessed building.

Bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem obnovitelného zdroje tepla stávající budovy mateřské školy v Janovicích. Návrh je proveden s využitím průkazu energetické náročnosti budovy. Teoretická část se zaobírá obnovitelnými zdroji energie pro vytápění, kde se konkrétně zaměřuje na energii okolního prostředí a biomasu. Výpočtová část se zabývá energetickou analýzou energetických potřeb a toků objektu, dále potřebou energie pro jednotlivé systémy budovy a nakonec ekonomickým a ekologickým hodnocením návrhových stavů. Projektová část obsahuje tři průkazy energické náročnosti budovy řešeného objektu., The bachelor's thesis deals with the design of a renewable heat source of the existing kindergarten building in Janovice. The design is made using the building's energy performance certificate. The theoretical part deals with renewable energy sources for heating, which specifically focuses on thermal energy and biomass. The calculation part deals with the energy analysis of energy needs and flows of the building, the energy needs for individual building systems and in coclusion the economic and ecological evaluation of design states. The project part contains three energy performance certificates of assessed building.

Hlavním úkolem této diplomové práce je návrh energetický úsporné budovy domu s pečovatelskou službou v Pohořelicích. Budova se skládá ze tří nadzemních podlaží s plochou střechou. První podzemní podlaží je ve svahu a obsahuje osm bytových jednotek 1+KK. Druhé a třetí podlaží obsahuje celkem dvacet dva bytových jednotek, šestnáct 1+KK a osm 2+KK. Svislé nosné konstrukce jsou zděné z keramických bloků. Vodorovné nosné konstrukce jsou navrženy jako monolitické železobetonové. Budova je zateplena minerální vlnou. Druhá část diplomové práce je zaměřena na návrh koncepce osvětlení, vzduchotechniky, zdroje tepla, chlazení a nakládání s dešťovou vodou. Budova využívá jako hlavní zdroj topení a chlazení tepelné čerpadlo. V letním období je k ohřevu teplé vody využívána fotovoltaická elektrárna. Ve třetí části jsou zpracovány dvě varianty řešení, které vychází z projektovaného návrhu. Cílem těchto variant je snaha o zlepšení celkové energetické náročnosti objektu v závislosti na celkovém komfortu žití. Porovnání jejich dopadu na energetickou náročnost a komfortu vůči projektovanému stavu Projekt byl zpracován v programech AutoCAD, DEKSOFT, Exel a Word, The main task of the thesis is to design a nearly zero energy building of nursing home building in Pohořelice. The building consists of three above-ground floors with flat roof. The first floor is partly below ground and contains eight studios. The second and third floor contains in total twenty residental units made out of sixteen studios and four one bedroom flats. The vertical load-bearing structures are designed from ceramic blocks. The horizontal load-bearing structures are designed from the cast-in-place reinforced concrete. The building envelope is insulated with mineral wool. The second part of the master project focuses on designing HVAC, lighting and sewage system. The building utilizes an air to water heat pump as the main heating and cooling energy source. The summer domestic water heating utilizes auxiliary source by thermal panels. The third part of the master project is to create two different solutions. The aim is to improve energy performance certificate depending on overall comfort of living. Evaluating their impact on energy efficiency and overall comfort compared to projected solution. The project was carried out in the AutoCAD, DEKSOFT, Excel and Word.

Zadáním diplomové práce je navrhnout budovu pro sportovní aktivity v Sehradicích ve Zlínském kraji. V první části byla navržena a vyprojektována budova. Druhá část se zabývá návrhem technického vybavení budov. Poslední část zkoumá měření vlivu zastínění oken na tepelné zisky a osvětlenost. Budova má jedno podlaží a je zastřešena plochou zelenou střechou. V budově se nachází fitness, místnost pro cvičení jógy, odpočinková místnost, dvě sauny, šatny a zázemí pro personál. Svislé nosné konstrukce jsou navrženy z keramických tvárnic Heluz, vodorovná nosná konstrukce stropu nad 1.NP je navržena z předpjatých panelů Spiroll. Tepelnou obálku budovy tvoří zateplení systému ETICS. Budova je vytápěna dvěma plynovými kotly. Budova je větrána nuceně za pomocí dvou vzduchotechnických jednotek a chlazena venkovní chladící jednotkou. Teplá voda je připravována díky plynovému kotli a solárním panelům. V celé budově jsou nevržena LED světla. Potřeba elektrické energie je z části vyrobena fotovoltaickými panely na střeše. Návrh zahrnuje velké parkoviště před budovou. Projekt byl zpracován v programu Revit a AutoCAD, průkaz energetické náročnosti budovy byl zpracován programem Deksoft., The task of the master project is to design a building for sports activities in Sehradice, Zlín region. First the documentation was elaborated, the second part HVAC was designed and the last part focussed on daylighting. The building has one floor and flat green roof. The building includes a fitness, a yoga room, a relax room, two saunas, changing rooms and staff room. The superstructure is designed using Heluz ceramic block walls and Spiroll panel floor structure. Façade is insulated with ETICS. HVAC is provided by two gas boilers, two mechanical ventilation units (indoors) and a cooling unit (outdoor). Domestic hot water is provided by the gas boiler and solar panels. The building uses LED lights. Electricity consumption is partially covered by photovoltaics on the roof. The building plot also includes a large carpark in front of the building. The designs were elaborated in Revit, AutoCAD and energy assessment in Deksoft software.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá komplexním environmentálním návrhem domu s kavárnou v Zaječí. První část se zabývá konstrukční částí budovy, která má dvě nadzemní podlaží a suterén. V suterénu se nachází sklady a místnosti pro technické vybavení, v přízemí je umístěna kavárna a obývací pokoj s kuchyní a ve druhém patře jsou ložnice, koupelny a šatny. Základové pasy jsou zhotoveny z prostého betonu. Nosné stěny v suterénu tvoří bednící tvárnice vylité betonem a v nadzemních podlažích jsou zhotoveny z keramických tvárnic. Všechny nenosné stěny jsou také z keramických tvárnic. Vodorovné nosné konstrukce tvoří železobetonové stropní desky. Střecha je plochá extenzivní vegetační. Druhá část práce se zabývá technickým vybavením budovy. Budova je vybavena plynovým kondenzačním kotlem, podlahovým vytápěním, klimatizací, nuceným větráním, fotovoltaickou elektrárnou s bateriovým úložištěm, retenční nádrží, venkovními žaluziemi a biodynamickým osvětlením. Třetí část práce porovnává několik možností využití solární energie v kombinaci s různými zdroji tepla z hlediska energetické a ekonomické náročnosti budovy., In my master's project I design a nearly zero energy consumption house with a café in Zaječí. The 1ST part of this project deals with a structural part of the building, which has two above-ground floors and basement. On the basement are storerooms and rooms for technical equipment, on the ground floor is café and living room with kitchen, and on the second floor are bedrooms, bathrooms and cloakrooms. Footings are from cast-in-place concrete, the load bearing walls on basement are from formwork blocks with cast-in-place concrete, on above-ground floors are from ceramic blocks and every non-load bearing walls are also from ceramic blocks. On whole floor are reinforced concrete floor slab and flat green roof. The 2ND part deals with technical equipment of the building. There are gas boiler, floor heating, air conditioning, mechanical ventilation (HVAC), photovoltaics panels with energy storage, retention tank, external blinds and biodynamic lighting. The 3RD part compares several options for using solar energy in combination with different heat sources in terms of energy and economic efficiency of the building.

Cílem diplomové práce je vypracování projektové dokumentace pro stavební povolení novostavby administrativní budovy s kavárnou v katastrálním území Olomouc. Budova je navržena jako budova s téměř nulovou spotřebou energie. Budova je dvoupodlažní a je navržena jako monolitická železobetonová skeletová konstrukce. Objekt je založen na monolitických železobetonových patkách v kombinaci s prefabrikovanými základovými pražci. Svislé nosné konstrukce jsou tvořeny monolitickými železobetonovými sloupy. Vodorovné nosné konstrukce jsou navrženy jako monolitické železobetonové desky. Budova je zastřešena plochou zelenou střechou s extenzivní vegetací. V prvním nadzemním podlaží se nachází samostatná kavárna a vstup do kancelářské části budovy. Dále je zde navržena technická místnost pro větrací jednotky, klimatizaci, vytápění a ohřev teplé vody. Ve druhém podlaží se nacházejí kanceláře, odpočinková zóna s kuchyňkou a hygienické zázemí. V další části projektu bylo navrženo veškeré technické zařízení pro budovu. Nucené větrání je zajištěno vzduchotechnickými jednotkami s rekuperací vzduchu. Jsou navrženy tepelná čerpadla, pomocí kterých se budova vytápí v zimním období, ale zároveň i chladí v letním období. Teplá užitková voda je ohřívána v zásobníkovém ohřívači vody. Dešťová voda se zadržuje v akumulační nádrži na pozemku a je zpětně využita pro splachování WC a kropení zeleně. Na střeše objektu jsou navrženy fotovoltaické panely pro výrobu elektřiny a solární termální kolektory pro ohřev teplé vody v létě. V konečné části se zabývám zpracováním a následně tepelně technickým posouzením vybraných detailů. Bylo navrženo několik detailů, které byly vyřešeny z technického hlediska a následně byly některé detaily ověřeny dle požadavků tepelné techniky. U detailů bylo modelováno teplotní pole, zjištěny povrchové teploty a teplotní faktor vnitřního povrchu. Dalším hodnoceným parametrem je lineární činitel prostupu tepla. Všechny zmíněné tepelně technické hodnoty byly porovnány s poža, The aim of the master’s project is to develop a project documentation for the building permit of a new office building with a cafe in the cadastral area of Olomouc. The building has two storeys, and it has a cast-in-place reinforced concrete frame structure construction. The building is covered with a flat green roof. On the first floor there are a separate café and an entrance to the office part of the building. There are also a technical room for ventilation units, heating, and domestic hot water heating. On the second floor there are offices, a chill zone with a kitchenette and sanitary facilities. The first part of the project includes architectural and structural design. In the second part of the project, includes design of building services in the building. Mechanical ventilation is provided by air conditioning units with heat recovery. Heat pumps are designed to heat the building in winter and cool it in summer. Domestic hot water is also heated by heat pumps in hot water storage tank. Rainwater is retained in a storage tank and is subsequently reused for flushing the toilets and Irrigation. The roof of the building hosts photovoltaic panels to generate electricity and solar thermal collectors to heat hot water in summer. Third part of the project is thermal analysis of selected assembly details of the building envelope. These details were solved from a technical point of view and then I assessed some details from a thermal engineering point of view.

Cílem práce je podat ucelené informace o analýze vnitřního klimatu budovy, možnosti získávání a analýzy dat o počasí, měření vybraných veličin uvnitř budovy a hodnocení energetické náročnosti staveb. Experimentální část se věnuje historické budově v Praze. Na základě analýzy dat o počasí a odečtu z dataloggerů umístěných v interiéru je vytvořen model v programu BSim a s vysokou přesností zkalibrován. Výsledky z letního období jsou podrobeny diskuzi, budova vyhovuje normativním požadavků. Dále je zpracován průkaz energetické náročnosti budovy. Je navrženo stavebně technické opatření na snížení tepelných zisků vlivem sluneční radiace, které vytváří roční úsporu energie 1671 kWh., Objective of this thesis is presenting a comprehensive analysis of a climate inside a building, ways of obtaining and analysing weather data, measuring certain quantities inside the building and evaluating the energy efficiency of buildings. The experimental part deals with a historical building in Prague. Weather data and interior data logger readings are analysed to create a model in the BSim program, which is calibrated to a high degree of accuracy. Summer outcomes are discussed; the building meets regulatory requirements. In addition, an Energy Performance Certificate is issued. Structural and technical modifications are proposed in order to reduce solar heat gains, thus achieving an annual energy saving of 1671 kWh.

Bakalářská práce se zabývá hodnocením energetické náročnosti bytového domu ve Vsetíně. Hodnocení je provedeno formou energetického auditu (EA) a průkazu energetické náročnosti budovy (PENB). Budova je zhodnocena z hlediska energetického, ekonomického a environmentálního. V rámci auditu byly navrženy a zhodnoceny úsporná opatření vedoucí ke snížení potřeby energie na provoz budovy., This bachelor thesis deals with the avaluating of the energy consumption of the apartment building. This avaluating is realized by the form of an energy audit (EA) and the demonstration of the energy consumption of the building (PENB). The building is reviewed in the term of energetics, economics and enviroment. The saving restrictions were designed within this audit to lead to lowering the energy needed for the operation of the building.

Diplomová práce je rozdělena do tří částí. První a druhá část se zabývají návrhem budovy mateřské školy, jejího technického zařízení a systémy řízení. Třetí část je zaměřena na tepelně-technické, ekonomické a environmentální posouzení skladby obvodové stěny objektu, návrh tří dalších variant a jejich následné posouzení dle zmíněných kritérií. Budova mateřské školy je jednopodlažní nepodsklepená a nachází se v Náchodě. Objekt je založen na základových pasech a její konstrukční systém je zděný stěnový. Zastřešení objektu je řešeno plochou střechou. Materiálem nosných stěn i příčkového zdiva jsou vápenopískové bloky. Obvodové stěny jsou izolovány vnějším kontaktním zateplovacím systémem. Stropní konstrukce je navržena z předpjatých prefabrikovaných panelů Spiroll. Střešní konstrukce je navržena jako plochá jednoplášťová s polointenzivní vegetační střechou. Součástí projektu je návrh venkovního parkoviště a zahrady s dětským hřištěm., The master project is consists of three parts. The aim of the first and second part is to design kindergarten building, its technical equipment and management systems. The third part deals with energy, financial and environmental comparison of different wall construction composition. The kindergarten is single-storey building without basement and is located in Náchod, Czech Republic. Building is based on strip footing and structural system is masonry wall system with flat roof. Material of both load-bearing and non-bearing walls are sand-lime blocks. External walls are insulated by external thermal insulation composite system. Vertical structures are designed from prestressed Spiroll concrete floor slabs. The roof is designed as a warm flat half-intensive green roof. The building site contains also outdoor parking lot and a garden with a playground and a pond.

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na experimentální metody v energetickém hodnocení budov. V první části je popsána historie energetického hodnocení od 80. let minulého století do současnosti a popsán současný trend energetického hodnocení v podobě průkazu energetické náročnosti budovy. Ve druhé části je zpracován energetický posudek pro zděný bytový dům se šesti bytovými jednotkami. Pro dům je vypracováno celkem 6 opatření, z toho jsou 3 stavební a 3 se týkají TZB. Z opatření jsou sestaveny varianty a je doporučena výsledná varianta včetně vyhodnocení. V poslední experimentální části je popsán vliv stínících prvků na tepelnou zátěž místnosti a je modelován vliv zasklení izolačními dvojskly a trojskly na celkovou energetickou náročnost referenční místnosti., The final thesis is focused od the experimental metods in energy rating of building. In the first part is described history of energy rating from the eigtheens to the present and described is the current trend of energy rating in terms of energy performance certificates. In the second part is elaborated energy assessment for apartment building from bricks with six residential units. For the building is drawn a total of 6 measures, of which there are 3 structural and 3 for building equipment. The measures are assembled to variants and the resulting variant is recommended, including recommendation. In the last experimental part is described the influence of shading elements on the thermal load of the room and modeled the effect of insulating double glazing and triple the overall energy performance reference room.

Diplomová práce se zabývá energetickým hodnocením administrativních prostor budovy. Teoretická část je věnována legislativnímu podložení energetického hodnocení, tedy zákonům, vyhláškám a technickým normám. Ve výpočtové části diplomové práce je v souladu s aktuálně platnou legislativou zpracován energetický audit budovy a průkaz energetické náročnosti budovy. V závěrečné části práce se věnuji aplikaci výpočetní techniky. Na předmětu energetického auditu je tu provedena analýza numerické spotřeby tepla na vytápění, která je následně porovnána se skutečnou spotřebou., This master’s thesis deals with the energy assessment of an administrative building. The theoretical part is devoted to legislation for energy assessment – law, regulations and technical standards. The application of this legislation is provided in the calculation part as energy audit and energy performance certificate of the administrative building. The last part of this thesis is dedicated to application of computational softwares for analysing results of heat consumption in comparison with reality.

Bakalářská práce se v první části zabývá změnami v energetickém hodnocení budovy zavedením vyhlášky 78/2013 Sb. a porovnáním s předchozí vyhláškou 148/2007 Sb. V další části jsou specifikovány energetické systémy vstupující do výpočtu a jednotlivé výpočetní postupy při určení potřeby energie pro jednotlivé systémy TZB. V poslední části práce je výpočet energetické náročnosti budovy. Hodnotícím mechanismem je zvolen průkaz energetické náročnosti. Byly řešeny odlišné varianty výpočtů z hlediska vstupních údajů. Výsledky jsou zobrazeny ve srovnávacích grafech., This bachelor´s thesis in the first part deals with changes of energy assessment of the building by introducing decree 78/2013 and compares it with the previous decree 148/2007. In the next part are specified energy systems entering the calculations and individual computing procedures for determining the energy requirements for individual HVAC systems. In the last part is calculation of the energy performance of the building. As an evaluation mechanism was chosen, the energy performance certificate. There were dealt different variants of calculations in terms of data input. The results are shown in the comparative charts and diagrams.

Obsahem této bakalářské práce je technologická etapa hrubé spodní stavby průmyslového objektu Nová Válcovna – Fatra. Práce se zabývá technologickým předpisem pro základové konstrukce, kterému bude vypracován kontrolní a zkušební plán, časový plán, položkový rozpočet. Dále zahrnuje koordinační situaci, výkres zařízení staveniště, návrh strojní sestavy, výkres zařízení staveniště, bezpečnost práce řešené technologické etapy. Dále je pro tuto technologickou etapu vypracováno několik schémat postupu provádění jednotlivých konstrukcí a průkaz energetické náročnosti., The content of this bachelor thesis is the technological stage of the rough substructure of the industrial building Nová Válcovna - Fatra. The work deals with the technological regulation for foundation structures, which will be drawn up control and test plan, time schedule, itemized budget. It also includes a coordination situation, a drawing of the construction site equipment, a design of the machine assembly, a drawing of the construction site equipment, and the safety of the technological stage. In addition, several schemes for the execution of individual structures and an energy performance certificate have been developed for this technological stage.

Předmětem bakalářské práce je energetický audit bytového domu, nacházející se v městské části Brno – Bystrc. Na základě přiložených podkladů bylo provedeno zhodnocení stávajícího stavu a následné navržení úsporných opatření. Tato analýza vedla ke snížení energetické náročnosti budovy z hlediska energetického, ekonomického i environmentálního. Také byl proveden průkaz energetické náročnosti budovy., The subject of the thesis is an energy audit of a residential building, located in the city of Brno - Bystrc. Based on the accompanying documentation was an assessment of the current state of design and subsequent austerity measures. This analysis led to a reduction in energy intensity of buildings in terms of energy, economic and environmental. Also it was carried out Energy Performance Certificate.

Předkládaná bakalářská práce zpracovává Průkaz energetické náročnosti budov pro zvolený projekt rodinného domu a jeho tři materiálově konstrukční varianty v klasifikačních třídách A, B a C energetické náročnosti budov. Zabývá se problematikou vývoje trendů nízkoenergetické výstavby a teorie oceňování. Dále stanovuje výpočet rozpočtového ukazatele pro stanovení orientační ceny objektu a následně počítá ekonomickou efektivnost investice v závislosti pořizovacích a provozních nákladů stavby. Cílem této práce je analýza ekonomické efektivnosti investice budovy, zařazené do již zmiňovaných tříd energetické náročnosti., The bachelor thesis is proposing three construct variants of chosen family houses and assign each to particular energy performance certificate of A, B, and C values. Thesis describes trends in low-energy houses and theory of building valuation. Furthermore established financial indicator to determinate approximate building value and calculate investment efficiency and its correlation with operating costs. The aim of this study is economic analysis of investment efficiency of particular energy performance certificate buildings.

Bakalářská práce se zabývá hodnocením energetické náročnosti bytového domu ve Vsetíně. Hodnocení je provedeno formou energetického auditu (EA) a průkazu energetické náročnosti budovy (PENB). Budova je zhodnocena z hlediska energetického, ekonomického a environmentálního. V rámci auditu byly navrženy a zhodnoceny úsporná opatření vedoucí ke snížení potřeby energie na provoz budovy., This bachelor thesis deals with the avaluating of the energy consumption of the apartment building. This avaluating is realized by the form of an energy audit (EA) and the demonstration of the energy consumption of the building (PENB). The building is reviewed in the term of energetics, economics and enviroment. The saving restrictions were designed within this audit to lead to lowering the energy needed for the operation of the building.

V teoretické části bakalářské práce se nalézají základní pojmy energetického hodnocení budov a současně také základní vyhlášky a směrnice. Ve výpočtové části jsou specifikovány energetické systémy budov, stavební řešení a tepelně technické vlastnosti obalových konstrukcí. Dále pak pojmy jako je standardizované užívání budovy, potřeba energie pro jednotlivé systémy TZB, návrhy opatření a ekonomické hodnocení. V Projektu nalezneme analýza PENB, zpracované dílčí části energetického auditu a experimentální ověření reálného stavu budovy., In the theoretical part of bachelor’s thesis there are basic terms of building energy rating and also the main announcements and guidelines. In the computational part of bachelor’s thesis there are specificated building energy systems, building solution and technical characters of cladding. Also, there are terms as is standardized usage of the building, energy comsumption for individual systems of technical equipment of buildings, draft measures and economical rating. In the Project can be found analysis of PENB, elaboration of sub-section of the energy audit and experimental verification of the building‘s real condition.

Bakalářská práce se v první části zabývá změnami v energetickém hodnocení budovy zavedením vyhlášky 78/2013 Sb. a porovnáním s předchozí vyhláškou 148/2007 Sb. V další části jsou specifikovány energetické systémy vstupující do výpočtu a jednotlivé výpočetní postupy při určení potřeby energie pro jednotlivé systémy TZB. V poslední části práce je výpočet energetické náročnosti budovy. Hodnotícím mechanismem je zvolen průkaz energetické náročnosti. Byly řešeny odlišné varianty výpočtů z hlediska vstupních údajů. Výsledky jsou zobrazeny ve srovnávacích grafech., This bachelor´s thesis in the first part deals with changes of energy assessment of the building by introducing decree 78/2013 and compares it with the previous decree 148/2007. In the next part are specified energy systems entering the calculations and individual computing procedures for determining the energy requirements for individual HVAC systems. In the last part is calculation of the energy performance of the building. As an evaluation mechanism was chosen, the energy performance certificate. There were dealt different variants of calculations in terms of data input. The results are shown in the comparative charts and diagrams.

Předmětem bakalářské práce je energetický audit bytového domu, nacházející se v městské části Brno – Bystrc. Na základě přiložených podkladů bylo provedeno zhodnocení stávajícího stavu a následné navržení úsporných opatření. Tato analýza vedla ke snížení energetické náročnosti budovy z hlediska energetického, ekonomického i environmentálního. Také byl proveden průkaz energetické náročnosti budovy., The subject of the thesis is an energy audit of a residential building, located in the city of Brno - Bystrc. Based on the accompanying documentation was an assessment of the current state of design and subsequent austerity measures. This analysis led to a reduction in energy intensity of buildings in terms of energy, economic and environmental. Also it was carried out Energy Performance Certificate.

Hlavním cílem práce je podrobné ekonomické zhodnocení provedeného úsporného energetického opatření při porovnání s původním stavem před rekonstrukcí. Ekonomické vyhodnocení je založeno na fyzikálním výpočtu provedeném v programu DEKSoft a výpočtem diskontované doby návratnosti na základě předpokládané úspory nákladů na energii v jednotlivých letech provozu a počátečních investičních nákladů. Součástí práce je využití hypotečního úvěru a dotačních programů jako finanční zdroje., The main aim of the thesis is a detailed economic evaluation of the energy saving measure, which was compared with the original state before the reconstruction. The economic evaluation is based on the physical calculation performed in DEKSoft. The effectiveness of the solution was determined by calculating the discounted payback period based on the estimated energy cost savings in each year of operation and initial investment costs. The work includes the use of a mortgage loan and grant programs as financial resources.