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Here, we present a protocol for isolating human hepatocytes and neural progenitor cells from normal and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis livers. We describe steps for perfusion for scaled-up liver cell isolation and optimization of chemical digestion to achieve maximal yield and cell viability. We then detail a liver cell cryopreservation and potential applications, such as the use of human liver cells as a tool to link experimental and translational research.

60 p. -- Bibliogr.: p. 26-28, Iktusa, mundu mailan heriotza eta desgaitasun kausa nagusienetariko bat suposatzen duen gaixotasun kardiobaskular bat da. Istripu zerebrobaskular (IZB) terminoarekin ere ezaguna, bizipen estresagarria da paziente, senide zein zaintzailentzat. Izan ere, asaldura sentsorialak, motoreak, komunikazio asaldurak, asaldura kognitibo eta psikotikoak eta portaera asaldurak eragin ditzake. Aipatutako klinikaz gain, iktusaren intzidentzia, prebalentzia, kostu, heriotza eta desgaitasun-tasa altuek IZB osasun eta gizarte-arazo bilakatzen dute. Badaude zenbait gida eta errebisio sistematiko ere, ariketa fisikoaren onurak aztertzen dituztenak errehabilitazio prozesuan zehar iktusa pairatu duten pertsonen sintoma motore eta psikologikoen arintzean. Hori buruan izanik, eta erizainaren rola aztertuz, ikus daiteke erizaintzaren konpetentziaren barruan sartzen dela ariketa fisiko eta iktusaren arteko onura erlazio hori ezagutzea, pazienteen eguneroko bizitzako zainketetan aplikatu ahal izateko. Are gehiago, errebisio kritiko hau baliagarria izan daiteke erizainentzat iktusa pairatu duten pazienteen arreta integrala bermatzeko, hezkuntzaren bidez bizi-estilo osasuntsuak sustatuz, pertsonen osasun emaitzak eta bizi-kalitatea hobetuz eta iktus kasuen errekurrentziak ekidituz.

60 p. -- Bibliogr.: p. 26-28, Iktusa, mundu mailan heriotza eta desgaitasun kausa nagusienetariko bat suposatzen duen gaixotasun kardiobaskular bat da. Istripu zerebrobaskular (IZB) terminoarekin ere ezaguna, bizipen estresagarria da paziente, senide zein zaintzailentzat. Izan ere, asaldura sentsorialak, motoreak, komunikazio asaldurak, asaldura kognitibo eta psikotikoak eta portaera asaldurak eragin ditzake. Aipatutako klinikaz gain, iktusaren intzidentzia, prebalentzia, kostu, heriotza eta desgaitasun-tasa altuek IZB osasun eta gizarte-arazo bilakatzen dute. Badaude zenbait gida eta errebisio sistematiko ere, ariketa fisikoaren onurak aztertzen dituztenak errehabilitazio prozesuan zehar iktusa pairatu duten pertsonen sintoma motore eta psikologikoen arintzean. Hori buruan izanik, eta erizainaren rola aztertuz, ikus daiteke erizaintzaren konpetentziaren barruan sartzen dela ariketa fisiko eta iktusaren arteko onura erlazio hori ezagutzea, pazienteen eguneroko bizitzako zainketetan aplikatu ahal izateko. Are gehiago, errebisio kritiko hau baliagarria izan daiteke erizainentzat iktusa pairatu duten pazienteen arreta integrala bermatzeko, hezkuntzaren bidez bizi-estilo osasuntsuak sustatuz, pertsonen osasun emaitzak eta bizi-kalitatea hobetuz eta iktus kasuen errekurrentziak ekidituz.

There is broad consensus on the health benefits that neonatal screening has provided in Spain, since Professor Mayor Zaragoza began his research project for the early detection of phenylketonuria and other aminoacidopathies in 1968, to date. In these decades there has been a great evolution and development of Neonatal Screening Programs (NSP) in Spain. This paper presents the effect on the development of the NSPs of the decentralization of Public Health responsibilities in the Autonomous Communities, creating differences among them by atomizing the decisions on the expansion of the diseases to be screened. The availability of effective detection and treatment methods was the justification, often unique, for the inclusion of new diseases in an NSP. On rare occasions, neonatal screening was assumed as a public health program that should offer guarantees of effectiveness, from information for informed consent to the correct treatment and follow-up of detected cases. This situation of enormous inequality in access to neonatal screening has changed with the introduction of appropriate legislation to guaranty the correct development of NSP within the National Health System. Forums coordinated by the Ministry of Health with the participation of those responsible for public health from the Autonomous Communities and scientific societies have been fundamental. An example of the convergence of research and science for the benefit of a basic Public Health program., Existe un amplio consenso sobre los beneficios en salud que ha aportado el cribado neonatal en España, desde que el Profesor Mayor Zaragoza iniciara en 1968 su proyecto de investigación para la detección precoz de la fenilcetonuria y otras aminoacidopatías hasta la fecha. En estas décadas se ha producido una gran evolución y desarrollo de los Programas de Cribado Neonatal (PCN) en España. En este trabajo se presenta el efecto de la descentralización de las responsabilidades de Salud Pública en las comunidades autónomas (CCAA) sobre el desarrollo de los PCN, creando diferencias entre ellas al atomizarse las decisiones sobre la ampliación de las enfermedades a cribar. La disponibilidad de métodos de detección y tratamiento eficaces era la justificación, muchas veces exclusiva, para la inclusión de nuevas enfermedades en un PCN. En raras ocasiones se asumía el cribado neonatal como un programa de Salud Pública que debía ofrecer garantías de efectividad, desde la información para el consentimiento informado hasta el correcto tratamiento y seguimiento de los casos detectados. Esta situación de enorme desigualdad en el acceso al cribado neonatal ha cambiado con la introducción de legislación apropiada que garantiza el correcto desarrollo de los PCN dentro del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Los foros coordinados por el Ministerio de Sanidad, con la participación de los responsables de Salud Pública de las CCAA y las sociedades científicas, han sido fundamentales. Un ejemplo de convergencia de la investigación y la ciencia en beneficio de un programa básico de Salud Pública.

60 p. -- Bibliogr.: p. 26-28, Iktusa, mundu mailan heriotza eta desgaitasun kausa nagusienetariko bat suposatzen duen gaixotasun kardiobaskular bat da. Istripu zerebrobaskular (IZB) terminoarekin ere ezaguna, bizipen estresagarria da paziente, senide zein zaintzailentzat. Izan ere, asaldura sentsorialak, motoreak, komunikazio asaldurak, asaldura kognitibo eta psikotikoak eta portaera asaldurak eragin ditzake. Aipatutako klinikaz gain, iktusaren intzidentzia, prebalentzia, kostu, heriotza eta desgaitasun-tasa altuek IZB osasun eta gizarte-arazo bilakatzen dute. Badaude zenbait gida eta errebisio sistematiko ere, ariketa fisikoaren onurak aztertzen dituztenak errehabilitazio prozesuan zehar iktusa pairatu duten pertsonen sintoma motore eta psikologikoen arintzean. Hori buruan izanik, eta erizainaren rola aztertuz, ikus daiteke erizaintzaren konpetentziaren barruan sartzen dela ariketa fisiko eta iktusaren arteko onura erlazio hori ezagutzea, pazienteen eguneroko bizitzako zainketetan aplikatu ahal izateko. Are gehiago, errebisio kritiko hau baliagarria izan daiteke erizainentzat iktusa pairatu duten pazienteen arreta integrala bermatzeko, hezkuntzaren bidez bizi-estilo osasuntsuak sustatuz, pertsonen osasun emaitzak eta bizi-kalitatea hobetuz eta iktus kasuen errekurrentziak ekidituz.

Neonatal Screening Programs (PCN) have widely demonstrated their benefits since Dr. Guthrie published his developments on Phenylketonuria (PKU) in 1961. This paper describes how a simple and effective organization, which incorporates all the fundamental actors under the responsibility of the Public Health Directorate (DSP), has managed to ensure that the PCN of the Basque Country meets all the objectives required for a population screening. The acceptance by Basque society of the PCN allowed it to exceed 95% coverage in its second year of operation. Likewise, the limited negative social impact of PCN is evidenced by its low number of false positives and incorrect samples. Excellent response times allow every newborn with a positive result to have an early diagnosis and optimal initiation of treatment. There are two relevant experiences that support the importance of the effective exercise of the responsibility of the DSP. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was incorporated into the PCN in 1991 meeting all technical and clinical criteria. At the request of the experts, the DSP ordered in 1993 to cease this activity showing that it did not provide the expected benefits. The problems of organically integrating the PCN into the healthcare system were also experienced. The need to compete for resources put public health activities, including the PCN, at risk and led to their return to direct dependence on the DSP. The availability of this structure, in addition to facilitating the incorporation of other screenings, allows facing the future challenges., Los Programas de Cribado Neonatal (PCN) han demostrado ampliamente sus beneficios desde que en 1961 el Dr. Guthrie publicó sus trabajos sobre Fenilcetonuria (PKU). En este trabajo se describe cómo una organización sencilla y eficaz, que incorpora a todos los actores fundamentales bajo la responsabilidad de la Dirección de Salud Pública (DSP), ha conseguido que el PCN del País Vasco cumpla con todos los objetivos exigibles a un cribado poblacional. La aceptación por la sociedad vasca del PCN permitió superar el 95% de cobertura en su segundo año de funcionamiento. Asimismo, el limitado impacto social negativo del PCN se evidencia por su reducido número de falsos positivos y de muestras incorrectas. Los excelentes tiempos de respuesta permiten que todo recién nacido con resultado positivo disponga de un diagnóstico temprano y de un inicio óptimo del tratamiento. Hay dos experiencias relevantes que avalan la importancia del ejercicio eficaz de la responsabilidad de la DSP. La hiperplasia adrenal congénita (HAC) se incorporó en 1991 al PCN, cumpliendo con todos los criterios técnicos y clínicos. A petición de los expertos, la DSP ordenó en 1993 cesar esta actividad al evidenciar que no aportaba los beneficios esperados. También se experimentaron los problemas de integrar orgánicamente el PCN en el sistema asistencial. La necesidad de competir por los recursos puso en riesgo las actividades de Salud Pública, incluyendo el PCN, lo que provocó su retorno a la dependencia directa de la DSP. La disponibilidad de esta estructura, además de facilitar la incorporación de otros cribados, permite afrontar los retos del futuro.

The increasing use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in several industrial applications raises concerns on their potential toxicity due to factors such as tissue penetrance, small dimensions, and biopersistence. Using an in vivo model for CNT environmental exposure, mimicking CNT exposition at the workplace, we previously found that CNTs rapidly enter and disseminate in the organism, initially accumulating in the lungs and brain and later reaching the liver and kidneys via the bloodstream in CD1 mice. Here, we monitored and traced the accumulation of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), administered systemically in mice, in different organs and the subsequent biological responses. Using the novel in vivo model, MITO-Luc bioluminescence reporter mice, we found that SWCNTs induce systemic cell proliferation, indicating a dynamic response of cells of both bone marrow and the immune system. We then examined metabolic (water/food consumption and dejections), functional (serum enzymes), and morphological (organs and tissues) alterations in CD1 mice treated with SWCNTs, using metabolic cages, performing serum analyses, and applying histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy) methods. We observed a transient accumulation of SWCNTs in the lungs, spleen, and kidneys of CD1 mice exposed to SWCNTs. A dose- and time-dependent accumulation was found in the liver, associated with increases in levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and bilirubinemia, which are metabolic markers associated with liver damage. Our data suggest that hepatic accumulation of SWCNTs associated with liver damage results in an M1 macrophage-driven inflammation.

The increasing use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in several industrial applications raises concerns on their potential toxicity due to factors such as tissue penetrance, small dimensions, and biopersistence. Using an in vivo model for CNT environmental exposure, mimicking CNT exposition at the workplace, we previously found that CNTs rapidly enter and disseminate in the organism, initially accumulating in the lungs and brain and later reaching the liver and kidneys via the bloodstream in CD1 mice. Here, we monitored and traced the accumulation of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), administered systemically in mice, in different organs and the subsequent biological responses. Using the novel in vivo model, MITO-Luc bioluminescence reporter mice, we found that SWCNTs induce systemic cell proliferation, indicating a dynamic response of cells of both bone marrow and the immune system. We then examined metabolic (water/food consumption and dejections), functional (serum enzymes), and morphological (organs and tissues) alterations in CD1 mice treated with SWCNTs, using metabolic cages, performing serum analyses, and applying histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy) methods. We observed a transient accumulation of SWCNTs in the lungs, spleen, and kidneys of CD1 mice exposed to SWCNTs. A dose- and time-dependent accumulation was found in the liver, associated with increases in levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and bilirubinemia, which are metabolic markers associated with liver damage. Our data suggest that hepatic accumulation of SWCNTs associated with liver damage results in an M1 macrophage-driven inflammation.

As nanotechnology has developed, the creation of nanostructured surfaces has garnered attention for their uses in sensing and catalysis applications. These are however often expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to produce. In contrast, this investigation is focused on the inexpensive, environmentally friendly and fast technique of Confined Atmospheric Pulsed laser deposition (CAP). The CAP technique has these advantages because it is an atmospheric laser-based direct deposition technique. Herein, the CAP process is examined in an effort to better understand the process and to begin determining the means to control the properties of the nanostructured surfaces produced by varying the laser fluence and the scan strategy during the ablation. During this investigation, a Nd:YAG laser was applied to deposit gold nanostructures directly onto a polymer substrate. The plasmonic properties and morphologies of the surfaces were examined using UV–Vis spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. A mathematical model was developed to describe the size and dispersity of the structures deposited and the variation of the position and size of the spectral plasmon peaks in response to the sample processing parameters, with the aim of allowing for a degree of control over these properties and gaining some understanding of the mechanism of this deposition process.

As nanotechnology has developed, the creation of nanostructured surfaces has garnered attention for their uses in sensing and catalysis applications. These are however often expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to produce. In contrast, this investigation is focused on the inexpensive, environmentally friendly and fast technique of Confined Atmospheric Pulsed laser deposition (CAP). The CAP technique has these advantages because it is an atmospheric laser-based direct deposition technique. Herein, the CAP process is examined in an effort to better understand the process and to begin determining the means to control the properties of the nanostructured surfaces produced by varying the laser fluence and the scan strategy during the ablation. During this investigation, a Nd:YAG laser was applied to deposit gold nanostructures directly onto a polymer substrate. The plasmonic properties and morphologies of the surfaces were examined using UV–Vis spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. A mathematical model was developed to describe the size and dispersity of the structures deposited and the variation of the position and size of the spectral plasmon peaks in response to the sample processing parameters, with the aim of allowing for a degree of control over these properties and gaining some understanding of the mechanism of this deposition process.

s nanotechnology has developed, the creation of nanostructured surfaces has garnered attention for their uses in sensing and catalysis applications. These are however often expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to produce. In contrast, this investigation is focused on the inexpensive, environmentally friendly and fast technique of Confined Atmospheric Pulsed laser deposition (CAP). The CAP technique has these advantages because it is an atmospheric laser-based direct deposition technique. Herein, the CAP process is examined in an effort to better understand the process and to begin determining the means to control the properties of the nanostructured surfaces produced by varying the laser fluence and the scan strategy during the ablation. During this investigation, a Nd:YAG laser was applied to deposit gold nanostructures directly onto a polymer substrate. The plasmonic properties and morphologies of the surfaces were examined using UV–Vis spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. A mathematical model was developed to describe the size and dispersity of the structures deposited and the variation of the position and size of the spectral plasmon peaks in response to the sample processing parameters, with the aim of allowing for a degree of control over these properties and gaining some understanding of the mechanism of this deposition process.

s nanotechnology has developed, the creation of nanostructured surfaces has garnered attention for their uses in sensing and catalysis applications. These are however often expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to produce. In contrast, this investigation is focused on the inexpensive, environmentally friendly and fast technique of Confined Atmospheric Pulsed laser deposition (CAP). The CAP technique has these advantages because it is an atmospheric laser-based direct deposition technique. Herein, the CAP process is examined in an effort to better understand the process and to begin determining the means to control the properties of the nanostructured surfaces produced by varying the laser fluence and the scan strategy during the ablation. During this investigation, a Nd:YAG laser was applied to deposit gold nanostructures directly onto a polymer substrate. The plasmonic properties and morphologies of the surfaces were examined using UV–Vis spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. A mathematical model was developed to describe the size and dispersity of the structures deposited and the variation of the position and size of the spectral plasmon peaks in response to the sample processing parameters, with the aim of allowing for a degree of control over these properties and gaining some understanding of the mechanism of this deposition process.

Este trabajo se centra en realizar una interpretación transhumanista de La montaña mágica (1924) del escritor alemán Thomas Mann ya que encontramos en esta novela numerosas características que pueden relacionarse con esta novedosa corriente filosófica. Además, aunque Mann no escribiese esta obra pensando en el transhumanismo; que se gestó muy posteriormente, sí que se vio fuertemente influenciado por la filosofía vitalista de Nietzsche; sobre quien se debate si podría ser denominado precursor de la posterior filosofía transhumanista. Por todo ello, el trabajo se dividirá en cuatro capítulos que atienden a algunas de las características que engloban el transhumanismo, puestas en relación con la novela de Mann: una nueva definición de ser humano, un cambio en la relación con la naturaleza, una nueva concepción del tiempo y, finalmente, la búsqueda de un nuevo sentido existencial en esta corriente tan compleja como fascinante a nivel filosófico., This paper is focused on creating a transhumanist interpretation about Thomas Mann´s Magic Mountain (1924) because there are some caracteristics which are likely to be linked with this philosophical movement. Moreover, even if Mann did not write this novel thinking about transhumanism; as it was later elaborated, he was strongly influenced by Nietzsche´s vitalism; whose work is said to be an inspiration for transhumanism. That is why this paper will be organised in four chapters in order to attend some of the transhumanism´ characteristics related with Mann´s novel: a new human being definition, a change in the relationship between nature and human, a new temporal conception and, finally, the pursuit of a new meaning of life.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively investigated and employed for industrial use because of their peculiar physical properties, which make them ideal for many industrial applications. However, rapid growth of CNT employment raises concerns about the potential risks and toxicities for public health, environment, and workers associated with the manufacture and use of these new materials. Here we investigate the main routes of entry following environmental exposure to multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs; currently the most widely used in industry). We developed a novel murine model that could represent a surrogate of a workplace exposure to MWCNTs. We traced the localization of MWCNTs and their possible role in inducing an innate immune response, inflammation, macrophage recruitment, and inflammatory conditions. Following environmental exposure of CD1 mice, we observed that MWCNTs rapidly enter and disseminate in the organism, initially accumulating in lungs and brain and later reaching the liver and kidney via the bloodstream. Since recent experimental studies show that CNTs are associated with the aggregation process of proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases, we investigated whether MWCNTs are able to induce amyloid fibril production and accumulation. Amyloid deposits in spatial association with macrophages and MWCNT aggregates were found in the brain, liver, lungs, and kidneys of exposed animals. Our data suggest that accumulation of MWCNTs in different organs is associated with inflammation and amyloid accumulation. In the brain, where we observed rapid accumulation and amyloid fibril deposition, exposure to MWCNTs might enhance progression of neurodegenerative and other amyloid-related diseases. Our data highlight the conclusion that, in a novel rodent model of exposure, MWCNTs may induce macrophage recruitment, activation, and amyloid deposition, causing potential damage to several organs.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively investigated and employed for industrial use because of their peculiar physical properties, which make them ideal for many industrial applications. However, rapid growth of CNT employment raises concerns about the potential risks and toxicities for public health, environment, and workers associated with the manufacture and use of these new materials. Here we investigate the main routes of entry following environmental exposure to multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs; currently the most widely used in industry). We developed a novel murine model that could represent a surrogate of a workplace exposure to MWCNTs. We traced the localization of MWCNTs and their possible role in inducing an innate immune response, inflammation, macrophage recruitment, and inflammatory conditions. Following environmental exposure of CD1 mice, we observed that MWCNTs rapidly enter and disseminate in the organism, initially accumulating in lungs and brain and later reaching the liver and kidney via the bloodstream. Since recent experimental studies show that CNTs are associated with the aggregation process of proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases, we investigated whether MWCNTs are able to induce amyloid fibril production and accumulation. Amyloid deposits in spatial association with macrophages and MWCNT aggregates were found in the brain, liver, lungs, and kidneys of exposed animals. Our data suggest that accumulation of MWCNTs in different organs is associated with inflammation and amyloid accumulation. In the brain, where we observed rapid accumulation and amyloid fibril deposition, exposure to MWCNTs might enhance progression of neurodegenerative and other amyloid-related diseases. Our data highlight the conclusion that, in a novel rodent model of exposure, MWCNTs may induce macrophage recruitment, activation, and amyloid deposition, causing potential damage to several organs.

El objetivo este trabajo es analizar la utilidad del potenciómetro como herramienta de entrenamiento en el ciclista y en la población en general sana o en fase de recuperación que requiere control de entrenamiento. Así mismo se exponen las ventajas importantes que aporta un pulsómetro en el análisis durante el entrenamiento. Frente a los defensores absolutistas del uso del potenciómetro como herramienta de entrenamiento, se analizan una serie de factores que influyen y que pueden alterar los datos que nos transmite el potenciómetro y por tanto no ser tan determinante como nos quieren hacer ver. Además se describen las ventajas que sus defensores exponen pero que posteriormente se ponen en cuestión en base a diferentes argumentos a lo largo del trabajo. La conclusión más importante del trabajo es que el uso del potenciómetro complementado con el control de la frecuencia cardiaca, nos llevará a optimizar el entrenamiento y por tanto se conseguirá una aumento en el rendimiento y una mejor recuperación tras el entrenamiento., Grado en Fisioterapia

El objetivo este trabajo es analizar la utilidad del potenciómetro como herramienta de entrenamiento en el ciclista y en la población en general sana o en fase de recuperación que requiere control de entrenamiento. Así mismo se exponen las ventajas importantes que aporta un pulsómetro en el análisis durante el entrenamiento. Frente a los defensores absolutistas del uso del potenciómetro como herramienta de entrenamiento, se analizan una serie de factores que influyen y que pueden alterar los datos que nos transmite el potenciómetro y por tanto no ser tan determinante como nos quieren hacer ver. Además se describen las ventajas que sus defensores exponen pero que posteriormente se ponen en cuestión en base a diferentes argumentos a lo largo del trabajo. La conclusión más importante del trabajo es que el uso del potenciómetro complementado con el control de la frecuencia cardiaca, nos llevará a optimizar el entrenamiento y por tanto se conseguirá una aumento en el rendimiento y una mejor recuperación tras el entrenamiento., Grado en Fisioterapia

El objetivo este trabajo es analizar la utilidad del potenciómetro como herramienta de entrenamiento en el ciclista y en la población en general sana o en fase de recuperación que requiere control de entrenamiento. Así mismo se exponen las ventajas importantes que aporta un pulsómetro en el análisis durante el entrenamiento. Frente a los defensores absolutistas del uso del potenciómetro como herramienta de entrenamiento, se analizan una serie de factores que influyen y que pueden alterar los datos que nos transmite el potenciómetro y por tanto no ser tan determinante como nos quieren hacer ver. Además se describen las ventajas que sus defensores exponen pero que posteriormente se ponen en cuestión en base a diferentes argumentos a lo largo del trabajo. La conclusión más importante del trabajo es que el uso del potenciómetro complementado con el control de la frecuencia cardiaca, nos llevará a optimizar el entrenamiento y por tanto se conseguirá una aumento en el rendimiento y una mejor recuperación tras el entrenamiento., Grado en Fisioterapia

El objetivo este trabajo es analizar la utilidad del potenciómetro como herramienta de entrenamiento en el ciclista y en la población en general sana o en fase de recuperación que requiere control de entrenamiento. Así mismo se exponen las ventajas importantes que aporta un pulsómetro en el análisis durante el entrenamiento. Frente a los defensores absolutistas del uso del potenciómetro como herramienta de entrenamiento, se analizan una serie de factores que influyen y que pueden alterar los datos que nos transmite el potenciómetro y por tanto no ser tan determinante como nos quieren hacer ver. Además se describen las ventajas que sus defensores exponen pero que posteriormente se ponen en cuestión en base a diferentes argumentos a lo largo del trabajo. La conclusión más importante del trabajo es que el uso del potenciómetro complementado con el control de la frecuencia cardiaca, nos llevará a optimizar el entrenamiento y por tanto se conseguirá una aumento en el rendimiento y una mejor recuperación tras el entrenamiento., Grado en Fisioterapia

El objetivo este trabajo es analizar la utilidad del potenciómetro como herramienta de entrenamiento en el ciclista y en la población en general sana o en fase de recuperación que requiere control de entrenamiento. Así mismo se exponen las ventajas importantes que aporta un pulsómetro en el análisis durante el entrenamiento. Frente a los defensores absolutistas del uso del potenciómetro como herramienta de entrenamiento, se analizan una serie de factores que influyen y que pueden alterar los datos que nos transmite el potenciómetro y por tanto no ser tan determinante como nos quieren hacer ver. Además se describen las ventajas que sus defensores exponen pero que posteriormente se ponen en cuestión en base a diferentes argumentos a lo largo del trabajo. La conclusión más importante del trabajo es que el uso del potenciómetro complementado con el control de la frecuencia cardiaca, nos llevará a optimizar el entrenamiento y por tanto se conseguirá una aumento en el rendimiento y una mejor recuperación tras el entrenamiento., Grado en Fisioterapia

Elisa Principi,1,* Rossana Girardello,2,* Antonino Bruno,1,* Isabella Manni,3 Elisabetta Gini,2 Arianna Pagani,1 Annalisa Grimaldi,2 Federico Ivaldi,4 Terenzio Congiu,5 Daniela De Stefano,1 Giulia Piaggio,3 Magda de Eguileor,2 Douglas M Noonan,1,2 Adriana Albini1 1Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, 2Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 3Department of Research, Advanced Diagnosis and Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 4Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, 5Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: The increasing use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in several industrial applications raises concerns on their potential toxicity due to factors such as tissue penetrance, small dimensions, and biopersistence. Using an in vivo model for CNT environmental exposure, mimicking CNT exposition at the workplace, we previously found that CNTs rapidly enter and disseminate in the organism, initially accumulating in the lungs and brain and later reaching the liver and kidneys via the bloodstream in CD1 mice. Here, we monitored and traced the accumulation of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), administered systemically in mice, in different organs and the subsequent biological responses. Using the novel in vivo model, MITO-Luc bioluminescence reporter mice, we found that SWCNTs induce systemic cell proliferation, indicating a dynamic response of cells of both bone marrow and the immune system. We then examined metabolic (water/food consumption and dejections), functional (serum enzymes), and morphological (organs and tissues) alterations in CD1 mice treated with SWCNTs, using metabolic cages, performing serum analyses, and applying histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural (transmission electron microsc

Elisa Principi,1,* Rossana Girardello,2,* Antonino Bruno,1,* Isabella Manni,3 Elisabetta Gini,2 Arianna Pagani,1 Annalisa Grimaldi,2 Federico Ivaldi,4 Terenzio Congiu,5 Daniela De Stefano,1 Giulia Piaggio,3 Magda de Eguileor,2 Douglas M Noonan,1,2 Adriana Albini1 1Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, 2Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 3Department of Research, Advanced Diagnosis and Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 4Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, 5Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: The increasing use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in several industrial applications raises concerns on their potential toxicity due to factors such as tissue penetrance, small dimensions, and biopersistence. Using an in vivo model for CNT environmental exposure, mimicking CNT exposition at the workplace, we previously found that CNTs rapidly enter and disseminate in the organism, initially accumulating in the lungs and brain and later reaching the liver and kidneys via the bloodstream in CD1 mice. Here, we monitored and traced the accumulation of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), administered systemically in mice, in different organs and the subsequent biological responses. Using the novel in vivo model, MITO-Luc bioluminescence reporter mice, we found that SWCNTs induce systemic cell proliferation, indicating a dynamic response of cells of both bone marrow and the immune system. We then examined metabolic (water/food consumption and dejections), functional (serum enzymes), and morphological (organs and tissues) alterations in CD1 mice treated with SWCNTs, using metabolic cages, performing serum analyses, and applying histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural (transmission electron microsc

Adriana Albini,1,* Arianna Pagani,2,3,* Laura Pulze,2 Antonino Bruno,3 Elisa Principi,3 Terenzio Congiu,4 Elisabetta Gini,2,4 Annalisa Grimaldi,2 Barbara Bassani,2,3 Silvio De Flora,5 Magda de Eguileor,2 Douglas M Noonan2,3 1Laboratory of Translational Research, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, 2Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 3Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, 4Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 5Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively investigated and employed for industrial use because of their peculiar physical properties, which make them ideal for many industrial applications. However, rapid growth of CNT employment raises concerns about the potential risks and toxicities for public health, environment, and workers associated with the manufacture and use of these new materials. Here we investigate the main routes of entry following environmental exposure to multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs; currently the most widely used in industry). We developed a novel murine model that could represent a surrogate of a workplace exposure to MWCNTs. We traced the localization of MWCNTs and their possible role in inducing an innate immune response, inflammation, macrophage recruitment, and inflammatory conditions. Following environmental exposure of CD1 mice, we observed that MWCNTs rapidly enter and disseminate in the organism, initially accumulating in lungs and brain and later reaching the liver and kidney via the bloodstream. Since recent experimental studies show that CNTs are associated with the aggregation process of proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases, we investigated whether MWCNTs are able to induce amyloid fibril production and accumulation. Amyloid deposits in spatial association with

Adriana Albini,1,* Arianna Pagani,2,3,* Laura Pulze,2 Antonino Bruno,3 Elisa Principi,3 Terenzio Congiu,4 Elisabetta Gini,2,4 Annalisa Grimaldi,2 Barbara Bassani,2,3 Silvio De Flora,5 Magda de Eguileor,2 Douglas M Noonan2,3 1Laboratory of Translational Research, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, 2Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 3Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, 4Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 5Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively investigated and employed for industrial use because of their peculiar physical properties, which make them ideal for many industrial applications. However, rapid growth of CNT employment raises concerns about the potential risks and toxicities for public health, environment, and workers associated with the manufacture and use of these new materials. Here we investigate the main routes of entry following environmental exposure to multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs; currently the most widely used in industry). We developed a novel murine model that could represent a surrogate of a workplace exposure to MWCNTs. We traced the localization of MWCNTs and their possible role in inducing an innate immune response, inflammation, macrophage recruitment, and inflammatory conditions. Following environmental exposure of CD1 mice, we observed that MWCNTs rapidly enter and disseminate in the organism, initially accumulating in lungs and brain and later reaching the liver and kidney via the bloodstream. Since recent experimental studies show that CNTs are associated with the aggregation process of proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases, we investigated whether MWCNTs are able to induce amyloid fibril production and accumulation. Amyloid deposits in spatial association with

The recent widespread applications of nanomaterials, because of their properties, opens new scenarios that affect their dispersal in the environment. In particular multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), despite their qualities, seem to be harmful for animals and humans. To evaluate possible toxic effects caused by carbon nanotube environmental dispersion, with regard to aquatic compartment, we proposed as experimental model a freshwater invertebrate: Hirudo medicinalis. In the present study we analyse acute and chronic immune responses over a short (1, 3, 6 and 12 hours) and long time (from 1 to 5 weeks) exposure to MWCNTs by optical, electron and immunohistochemical approaches. In the exposed leeches angiogenesis and fibroplasia accompanied by massive cellular migration occur. Immunocytochemical characterization using specific markers shows that in these inflammatory processes the monocyte-macrophages (CD45+, CD68+) are the most involved cells. These immunocompetent cells are characterized by sequence of events starting from the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (in particular IL-18), and amyloidogenensis. Our combined experimental approaches, basing on high sensitive inflammatory response can highlight adverse effects of nanomaterials on aquatic organisms and could be useful to assess the MWCNTs impact on aquatic, terrestrial animal and human health.

La enseñanza agrícola es esencial y hay tres tipos diferentes dependiendo de a quién va dirigida: a los jóvenes, a adultos y a mujeres. Para que los jóvenes puedan atender a los trabajos agrícolas más importantes e ir a la escuela se sugiere la creación de las escuelas de invierno (de Noviembre a Marzo) que de momento solamente existen en el extranjero. Pero a su vez también se necesita formar a técnicos especializados que luego enseñaran a los jóvenes y niños en la enseñanza agrícola primaria, Agricultural teaching is essential and there are three different types of agricultural courses depending on who they have been conceived for: young people, adults and women. The establishment of winter schools (of November to March) is suggested so that young people may tend to the most important agricultural tasks and at the same time go to school. Such schools only exist abroad at present. But it is also necessary to train specialized technicians who can then train young people and children in primary agricultural

La enseñanza agrícola es esencial y hay tres tipos diferentes dependiendo de a quién va dirigida: a los jóvenes, a adultos y a mujeres. Para que los jóvenes puedan atender a los trabajos agrícolas más importantes e ir a la escuela se sugiere la creación de las escuelas de invierno (de Noviembre a Marzo) que de momento solamente existen en el extranjero. Pero a su vez también se necesita formar a técnicos especializados que luego enseñaran a los jóvenes y niños en la enseñanza agrícola primaria, Agricultural teaching is essential and there are three different types of agricultural courses depending on who they have been conceived for: young people, adults and women. The establishment of winter schools (of November to March) is suggested so that young people may tend to the most important agricultural tasks and at the same time go to school. Such schools only exist abroad at present. But it is also necessary to train specialized technicians who can then train young people and children in primary agricultural

La enseñanza agrícola es esencial y hay tres tipos diferentes dependiendo de a quién va dirigida: a los jóvenes, a adultos y a mujeres. Para que los jóvenes puedan atender a los trabajos agrícolas más importantes e ir a la escuela se sugiere la creación de las escuelas de invierno (de Noviembre a Marzo) que de momento solamente existen en el extranjero. Pero a su vez también se necesita formar a técnicos especializados que luego enseñaran a los jóvenes y niños en la enseñanza agrícola primaria, Agricultural teaching is essential and there are three different types of agricultural courses depending on who they have been conceived for: young people, adults and women. The establishment of winter schools (of November to March) is suggested so that young people may tend to the most important agricultural tasks and at the same time go to school. Such schools only exist abroad at present. But it is also necessary to train specialized technicians who can then train young people and children in primary agricultural

La enseñanza agrícola primaria ha de complementarse con la creación de un huerto escolar dividido en tantas parcelas como alumnos, excursiones y visitas a los caseríos y la lectura de temas agrícolas, Elementary agricultural teaching is to be complemented with the creation of a school orchard split into as many plots as pupilsexcursions and visits to hamlets and the reading of agricultural topics

The epithelial cells of the integument of body, arms and tentacles of Sepia officinalis present on their apical membrane a well-organised brush border and show the morphological and histochemical characteristics of a typical absorptive epithelium. The ability of the integument to absorb amino acids was investigated both in the arms incubated in vitro and in a purified preparation of brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Autoradiographic pictures of the integument after incubation of the arms in sea-water with or without sodium, showed that proline intake was Na+-dependent, whereas leucine intake appeared to be a largely cation-independent process. Time course experiments of labelled leucine, proline and lysine uptakes in BBMV evidenced that these amino acids are accumulated within the vesicles in the presence of an inwardly directed sodium gradient. The sodium-driven accumulation proves that cationic and neutral amino acids are taken up by the apical membrane of the epithelium of Sepia integument through a secondary active mechanism. For leucine, a 90% inhibition of the uptake was recorded in the presence of a large excess of the substrate. In agreement with the autoradiography results, an analysis of the cation specificity transport in BBMV showed that leucine uptake had a low cation specificity, whereas lysine and proline uptakes were Na+-dependent. An excess of lysine and proline, which share with alanine two different transport systems in the gill epithelium of marine bivalves, reduced eucine uptake. The possible role of the absorptive ability of the integument in a carnivorous mollusc is discussed

Subtít. tomado de cub, Subtít. tomdo da capa, Mención de ed. tomada de cu, Mención de ed. tomada da capa

Descripción basada en cub, Descrición baseada na capa, En p. [1]: "A nuestros clientes ... Bilbao 1º de Octubre de 1920", Na p. [1]: "A nuestros clientes ... Bilbao 1º de Octubre de 1920"

Na portada consta: Divulgación agrícola, Na portada consta: Divulgación agrícola, Fecha tomada de la introducción, Data tomada da introducción