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2-Pyridinyl-2-pyrazinylmethanone (L4) is able to exist in the neat ketone form and gem-diol form (2-C5H4N)C(OH) 2(2-C4H3N2) (L4a) in its Ag(I) and Cu(II) complexes. Two isostructural Cu(II) complexes [Cu(L4 a)2X2·2H2O, X = C lO4-, BF4-] with the L4a ligand taking the chelating mode are formed, in which the different linkage modes of lattice water molecules between the Cu(L4 a)22+ units lead to different space groups in crystallization. Through versatile anion-pi(pyrazinyl ring) and hydrogen-bonding interactions, the Cu(L4a)22+ units are assembled into distinct 3-D metal-organic hybrid frameworks in these two complexes. Different ligation modes of L4 in its neat ketone and gem-diol forms are found in its silver(I) complexes that exhibit diverse network structures., By tuning the counter anion, mu2-bridging 2,6-pyridinediylbis(4-pyridinyl)methanone (L2) via two terminal 4-pyridyl N atoms links Ag(I) ions into two distinct structural motifs in its silver(I) complexes, namely infinite helical chain and metallacyclophane, which are further assembled into higher-dimensional metal-organic frameworks through Ag···Ag, pi···pi, hydrogen-bonding, Ag···O=C, carbonyl···carbonyl, as well as unconventional anion-pi(pyridyl ring) interactions. Intermolecular dipolar carbonyl···carbonyl interaction of three principal types serves as a common dominant non-covalent interaction in the supramolecular conglomeration of these complexes., Di-2-pyrazinylmethanone (L3) readily undergoes metal-assisted hydration reaction in its Ag(I), Cu(II), Co(II) and Cd(II) complexes, and is potentially useful for the construction of extended coordination networks with its gem-diol (2-C4H3N2)2C(OH) 2 (L3a) or anionic (2-C4H3N 2)2C(OH)CO- (L3b) form as an architectural moiety. A sheet-like net, an alpha-polonium topology of the NaCl-type and a rare 1-D nanotubular coordination architecture has been generated in its Ag(I) complexes through the tuning of counter-anions. Three isostructural complexes Cu(L3a)2X2· nH2O (n = 4.5; X = ClO 4-, BF4-, PF 6-) have been obtained and characterized. The 3-D host frameworks of these complexes are constructed from the linkage of mononuclear Cu(L3a)22+ metallotectons through a combination of hydrogen-bonding and anion-pi interactions, leading to honeycomb-like channels that accommodate guest water molecules. A cubane-like Co(II) cluster stabilized by L3b and the topological structure of Cd(II) complexes with L3a have also been obtained., Di-2-pyridinylmethanone (di-2-pyridyl ketone) is a well-known versatile ligand among the basic building blocks for the construction of metal-organic hybrid materials. It can exist in its neat form, or in the hydrated gem-diol and alcoholated hemiketal forms. In this thesis, through modification of the heterocyclic ring and the bridging functional group, we have systematically synthesized a series of transition metal complexes of five carbonyl-bridged heterocycles (L1-L5) (see P. xi) and two structural analogs with sulfinyl and sulfonyl bridging groups (L6-L7), which are expected to provide flexible coordination bonding and additional non-covalent interactions in the generation of metal-organic hybrid frameworks., In the two mononuclear Cu(II) complexes of 2,6-pyridinediylbis(3-pyridinyl)methanone (L1) with the ligand taking a chelating mode, four distinct types of unconventional intermolecular C=O···pi interactions between the carbonyl and pyridyl rings were identified. Moreover, the mu2-bridging L1 via two 3-pyridyl N atoms proves to be an excellent building block for the construction of disilver(I) metallacyclophanes with a [Ag2(L1) 2]2+ skeleton in a series silver(I) complexes. The [Ag 2(L1)2]2+ metallacycle functions as a secondary building unit to form infinite chains through Ag···O=C or argentophilic interactions, which are further assembled into a 3-D supramolecular structure via collective weak interactions including the anion-pi interaction. The employment of different Cd(II) and Hg(II) salts to react with the flexible L1 ligand has resulted in infinite chain, mononuclear, and 3-D network structures, in which L1 takes eta1-terminal, N,N-chelating, and mu2- and mu3-bridging modes. In these complexes, C--H···O, C--H···Cl--M hydrogen bonding, pi···pi, carbonyl···carbonyl, O(perchlorate)···C=O, as well as unconventional anion···pi(pyridyl ring) interactions, play important roles in consolidation of the supramolecular frameworks., Sulfinyldipyrazine (L7) is capable of forming intriguing architectures in various sivler(I) salts, including a series of coordination polymers exhibiting (4,4) net, infinite chain and 3-D framework structures. A remarkable characteristic of L7 is that the electron-deficient pyrazinyl ring and the sulfonyl group provide potential bonding sites for lone-pair-aromatic interactions in the supramolecular assemblies, such as anion-pi and S=O···pi(pyrazinyl ring) interactions. The S=O moiety of the sulfonyl group exhibits an affinity for the pyrazinyl ring, which is evidenced by the existence of two types of such interaction in the silver(I) complexes of L7. (Abstract shortened by UMI.), by Wan, Chongqing., Adviser: Thomas C. W. Mak., Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3504., Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-190)., Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web., Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web., s in English and Chinese., School code: 1307., isbn: 9781109225495, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

A simple bottom-up-based synthetic strategy named a solvothermal technique is introduced as the primary synthetic approach and its crystal growth mechanism is scrutinized. N-type cobalt-doped ZnO-based DMS nanocrystals are employed as a model system, and characterized by a broad spectrum of advanced microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. It is found that the self-orientation growth mechanism, imperfect oriented attachment, is intimately correlated with the high-temperature ferromagnetism via defects. The influence of processing on the magnetic properties, such as compositional variations, reaction conditions, and post-growth treatment, is also studied. In this way, an in-depth understanding of processing-structure-property interrelationships and origins of magnetism in DMS nanocrystals are obtained in light of the theoretical framework of a spin-split impurity band model. In addition, a nanoscale spinodal decomposition phase model is also briefly discussed., Following the similar synthetic route, copper- and manganese-doped ZnO nanocrystals have been synthesized and characterized. They both show high-temperature ferromagnetism in line with the aforementioned theoretical model(s). Moreover, they display interesting exchange biasing phenomena at low temperatures, revealing the complexity of magnetic phases therein., Spintronics (spin transport electr onics), in which both spin and charge of carriers are utilized for information processing, is believed to challenge the current microelectronics and to become the next-generation electronics. Nanostructured spintronic materials and their synthetic methodologies are of paramount importance for manufacturing future nanoscale spintronic devices. This thesis aims at studying synthesis, characterization, and magnetism of transition-metal-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals---a diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS)---for potential applications in future nano-spintronics., The crystal growth strategy demonstrated in this work not only provides a more convenient approach to directly tailor magnetic properties of advanced multifunctional spintronic materials on a nanometer scale but also contributes to a deeper insight into the microscopic origin of magnetism in wide-band-gap oxide DMSs., Wang, Xuefeng., "August 2007.", Adviser: J. B. Xu., Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 1230., Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007., Includes bibliographical references., Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web., Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web., in English and Chinese., School code: 1307., isbn: 9780549479932, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Research Articles: -- UV-reflecting sintered nano-TiO2 thin film on glass for anti-bird strike application, Tania Dey, Pages: 688-694 | DOI: 10.1080/02670844.2020.1796900 -- Effect of electromagnetic voltage on wear resistance of CrAlN coatings, Ling-Yun Liu, Song-Sheng Lin, Wei Wang, Di Wang, Feng Li, Ming-Jiang Dai & Chao-Qian Guo, Pages: 695-701 | DOI: 10.1080/02670844.2020.1812483 -- Deposition characteristics, microstructure and wear behaviour of Co–WC composite coatings, Ya-gang Zhang, Wan-chang Sun, Min Ma, Sha-sha Tian, Yu-wan Liu & Yan Xiao, Pages: 702-711 | DOI: 10.1080/02670844.2020.1840694 -- Effect of aging on microstructure and wear resistance of Ti-55511/BN composite coating, Rui Chen, Huaming Wang, Bei He, Xu Cheng & Dong Liu, Pages: 712-721 | DOI: 10.1080/02670844.2020.1840697 -- Friction and wear performance of CrSiBCN coatings sliding against ceramic and metal counterparts in sea water, Qianzhi Wang, Xuxin Jin, Yunshi Ding & Fei Zhou, Pages: 722-731 | DOI: 10.1080/02670844.2020.1787021 -- W-Ti-N thin film tribological behaviour for piston skirt properties improvement, Khaled Chemaa, Salim Hassani, Mohammed Gaceb, Noureddine Madaoui & Abdelhamide Guebli, Pages: 732-738 | DOI: 10.1080/02670844.2020.1827127 -- Effect of surface mechanical attrition treatment on stainless steel corrosion, Minrui Ran, Ci Zhang, Lei Wen, Hongyu Zhou & Wenyue Zheng, Pages: 739-748 | DOI: 10.1080/02670844.2020.1790157 -- Effect of plasma nitriding at low temperature on the corrosion resistance and conductivity of 2205 duplex stainless steel, Hongyu Shen, Liang Wang & Juncai Sun, Pages: 749-754 | DOI: 10.1080/02670844.2020.1792206 -- Zn–Ni compositionally modulated multilayered alloy coatings for improved corrosion resistance, Ramesh S. Bhat, P. Nagaraj & Sharada Priyadarshini, Pages: 755-763 | DOI: 10.1080/02670844.2020.1812479 -- Acceleration effects of rare earths on salt bath nitriding: diffusion kinetics and first-principles calculations, Chang Du, Jin Zhang, Le Zhang

We establish precise structural and risk equivalences between subsampling and ridge regularization for ensemble ridge estimators. Specifically, we prove that linear and quadratic functionals of subsample ridge estimators, when fitted with different ridge regularization levels $\lambda$ and subsample aspect ratios $\psi$, are asymptotically equivalent along specific paths in the $(\lambda, \psi )$-plane (where $\psi$ is the ratio of the feature dimension to the subsample size). Our results only require bounded moment assumptions on feature and response distributions and allow for arbitrary joint distributions. Furthermore, we provide a datadependent method to determine the equivalent paths of $(\lambda, \psi )$. An indirect implication of our equivalences is that optimally-tuned ridge regression exhibits a monotonic prediction risk in the data aspect ratio. This resolves a recent open problem raised by Nakkiran et al. under general data distributions and a mild regularity condition that maintains regression hardness through linearized signal-to-noise ratios.

We study subsampling-based ridge ensembles in the proportional asymptotics regime, where the feature size grows proportionally with the sample size such that their ratio converges to a constant. By analyzing the squared prediction risk of ridge ensembles as a function of the explicit penalty $\lambda$ and the limiting subsample aspect ratio $\phi_s$ (the ratio of the feature size to the subsample size), we characterize contours in the $(\lambda, \phi_s)$-plane at any achievable risk. As a consequence, we prove that the risk of the optimal full ridgeless ensemble (fitted on all possible subsamples) matches that of the optimal ridge predictor. In addition, we prove strong uniform consistency of generalized cross-validation (GCV) over the subsample sizes for estimating the prediction risk of ridge ensembles. This allows for GCV-based tuning of full ridgeless ensembles without sample splitting and yields a predictor whose risk matches optimal ridge risk., Comment: 47 pages, 11 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2210.11445

Écrit au IVe siècle avant notre ère, le Guoyu (Discours des royaumes) est un choix de discours tenus par de hauts dignitaires entre le règne du roi Mu des Zhou (956-918 avant notre ère) et le démembrement du Jin par Zhibo (vers 455 avant notre ère). Le Qiyu (Discours du Qi) est l’un des 21 chapitres du Guoyu. Ces discours sont centrés sur la relation entre deux personnages : le sage souverain, le duc Huan, et le ministre avisé, Guan Zhong. Il s’agit moins d’un dialogue que d’une leçon, où le souverain pose des questions et se conforme aux conseils judicieux du ministre qui répond. Œuvre historique importante, le Qiyu est un texte classique indispensable dont nous proposons ici une première version en langue française.Chaque leçon est composée de huit parties : texte original en caractères anciens, transcription en pinyin, traduction en chinois moderne et en français, vocabulaire, analyses syntaxiques, commentaires et exercices avec les corrigés à la fin du livre.Manuel de traduction, le livre se veut une rencontre entre deux écritures et deux civilisations, où d’incessants mouvements de convergence et de divergence constituent un véritable dé? pour dialoguer avec le passé.Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux étudiants en langue et littérature chinoises, ainsi qu’à tous ceux qui aiment lire des textes anciens et qui s’interrogent sur la Chine pré-impériale comme sur le processus de traduction.

Écrit au IVe siècle avant notre ère, le Guoyu (Discours des royaumes) est un choix de discours tenus par de hauts dignitaires entre le règne du roi Mu des Zhou (956-918 avant notre ère) et le démembrement du Jin par Zhibo (vers 455 avant notre ère). Le Qiyu (Discours du Qi) est l’un des 21 chapitres du Guoyu. Ces discours sont centrés sur la relation entre deux personnages : le sage souverain, le duc Huan, et le ministre avisé, Guan Zhong. Il s’agit moins d’un dialogue que d’une leçon, où le souverain pose des questions et se conforme aux conseils judicieux du ministre qui répond. Œuvre historique importante, le Qiyu est un texte classique indispensable dont nous proposons ici une première version en langue française.Chaque leçon est composée de huit parties : texte original en caractères anciens, transcription en pinyin, traduction en chinois moderne et en français, vocabulaire, analyses syntaxiques, commentaires et exercices avec les corrigés à la fin du livre.Manuel de traduction, le livre se veut une rencontre entre deux écritures et deux civilisations, où d’incessants mouvements de convergence et de divergence constituent un véritable dé? pour dialoguer avec le passé.Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux étudiants en langue et littérature chinoises, ainsi qu’à tous ceux qui aiment lire des textes anciens et qui s’interrogent sur la Chine pré-impériale comme sur le processus de traduction.

Écrit au IVe siècle avant notre ère, le Guoyu (Discours des royaumes) est un choix de discours tenus par de hauts dignitaires entre le règne du roi Mu des Zhou (956-918 avant notre ère) et le démembrement du Jin par Zhibo (vers 455 avant notre ère). Le Qiyu (Discours du Qi) est l’un des 21 chapitres du Guoyu. Ces discours sont centrés sur la relation entre deux personnages : le sage souverain, le duc Huan, et le ministre avisé, Guan Zhong. Il s’agit moins d’un dialogue que d’une leçon, où le souverain pose des questions et se conforme aux conseils judicieux du ministre qui répond. Œuvre historique importante, le Qiyu est un texte classique indispensable dont nous proposons ici une première version en langue française.Chaque leçon est composée de huit parties : texte original en caractères anciens, transcription en pinyin, traduction en chinois moderne et en français, vocabulaire, analyses syntaxiques, commentaires et exercices avec les corrigés à la fin du livre.Manuel de traduction, le livre se veut une rencontre entre deux écritures et deux civilisations, où d’incessants mouvements de convergence et de divergence constituent un véritable dé? pour dialoguer avec le passé.Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux étudiants en langue et littérature chinoises, ainsi qu’à tous ceux qui aiment lire des textes anciens et qui s’interrogent sur la Chine pré-impériale comme sur le processus de traduction.

Écrit au IVe siècle avant notre ère, le Guoyu (Discours des royaumes) est un choix de discours tenus par de hauts dignitaires entre le règne du roi Mu des Zhou (956-918 avant notre ère) et le démembrement du Jin par Zhibo (vers 455 avant notre ère). Le Qiyu (Discours du Qi) est l’un des 21 chapitres du Guoyu. Ces discours sont centrés sur la relation entre deux personnages : le sage souverain, le duc Huan, et le ministre avisé, Guan Zhong. Il s’agit moins d’un dialogue que d’une leçon, où le souverain pose des questions et se conforme aux conseils judicieux du ministre qui répond. Œuvre historique importante, le Qiyu est un texte classique indispensable dont nous proposons ici une première version en langue française.Chaque leçon est composée de huit parties : texte original en caractères anciens, transcription en pinyin, traduction en chinois moderne et en français, vocabulaire, analyses syntaxiques, commentaires et exercices avec les corrigés à la fin du livre.Manuel de traduction, le livre se veut une rencontre entre deux écritures et deux civilisations, où d’incessants mouvements de convergence et de divergence constituent un véritable dé? pour dialoguer avec le passé.Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux étudiants en langue et littérature chinoises, ainsi qu’à tous ceux qui aiment lire des textes anciens et qui s’interrogent sur la Chine pré-impériale comme sur le processus de traduction.

Écrit au IVe siècle avant notre ère, le Guoyu (Discours des royaumes) est un choix de discours tenus par de hauts dignitaires entre le règne du roi Mu des Zhou (956-918 avant notre ère) et le démembrement du Jin par Zhibo (vers 455 avant notre ère). Le Qiyu (Discours du Qi) est l’un des 21 chapitres du Guoyu. Ces discours sont centrés sur la relation entre deux personnages : le sage souverain, le duc Huan, et le ministre avisé, Guan Zhong. Il s’agit moins d’un dialogue que d’une leçon, où le souverain pose des questions et se conforme aux conseils judicieux du ministre qui répond. Œuvre historique importante, le Qiyu est un texte classique indispensable dont nous proposons ici une première version en langue française.Chaque leçon est composée de huit parties : texte original en caractères anciens, transcription en pinyin, traduction en chinois moderne et en français, vocabulaire, analyses syntaxiques, commentaires et exercices avec les corrigés à la fin du livre.Manuel de traduction, le livre se veut une rencontre entre deux écritures et deux civilisations, où d’incessants mouvements de convergence et de divergence constituent un véritable dé? pour dialoguer avec le passé.Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux étudiants en langue et littérature chinoises, ainsi qu’à tous ceux qui aiment lire des textes anciens et qui s’interrogent sur la Chine pré-impériale comme sur le processus de traduction.

Écrit au IVe siècle avant notre ère, le Guoyu (Discours des royaumes) est un choix de discours tenus par de hauts dignitaires entre le règne du roi Mu des Zhou (956-918 avant notre ère) et le démembrement du Jin par Zhibo (vers 455 avant notre ère). Le Qiyu (Discours du Qi) est l’un des 21 chapitres du Guoyu. Ces discours sont centrés sur la relation entre deux personnages : le sage souverain, le duc Huan, et le ministre avisé, Guan Zhong. Il s’agit moins d’un dialogue que d’une leçon, où le souverain pose des questions et se conforme aux conseils judicieux du ministre qui répond. Œuvre historique importante, le Qiyu est un texte classique indispensable dont nous proposons ici une première version en langue française.Chaque leçon est composée de huit parties : texte original en caractères anciens, transcription en pinyin, traduction en chinois moderne et en français, vocabulaire, analyses syntaxiques, commentaires et exercices avec les corrigés à la fin du livre.Manuel de traduction, le livre se veut une rencontre entre deux écritures et deux civilisations, où d’incessants mouvements de convergence et de divergence constituent un véritable dé? pour dialoguer avec le passé.Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux étudiants en langue et littérature chinoises, ainsi qu’à tous ceux qui aiment lire des textes anciens et qui s’interrogent sur la Chine pré-impériale comme sur le processus de traduction.

Camera scene detection is among the most popular computer vision problem on smartphones. While many custom solutions were developed for this task by phone vendors, none of the designed models were available publicly up until now. To address this problem, we introduce the first Mobile AI challenge, where the target is to develop quantized deep learning-based camera scene classification solutions that can demonstrate a real-time performance on smartphones and IoT platforms. For this, the participants were provided with a large-scale CamSDD dataset consisting of more than 11K images belonging to the 30 most important scene categories. The runtime of all models was evaluated on the popular Apple Bionic A11 platform that can be found in many iOS devices. The proposed solutions are fully compatible with all major mobile AI accelerators and can demonstrate more than 100-200 FPS on the majority of recent smartphone platforms while achieving a top-3 accuracy of more than 98%. A detailed description of all models developed in the challenge is provided in this paper., Comment: Mobile AI 2021 Workshop and Challenges: https://ai-benchmark.com/workshops/mai/2021/. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2105.08630; text overlap with arXiv:2105.07825, arXiv:2105.07809, arXiv:2105.08629

Depth estimation is an important computer vision problem with many practical applications to mobile devices. While many solutions have been proposed for this task, they are usually very computationally expensive and thus are not applicable for on-device inference. To address this problem, we introduce the first Mobile AI challenge, where the target is to develop an end-to-end deep learning-based depth estimation solutions that can demonstrate a nearly real-time performance on smartphones and IoT platforms. For this, the participants were provided with a new large-scale dataset containing RGB-depth image pairs obtained with a dedicated stereo ZED camera producing high-resolution depth maps for objects located at up to 50 meters. The runtime of all models was evaluated on the popular Raspberry Pi 4 platform with a mobile ARM-based Broadcom chipset. The proposed solutions can generate VGA resolution depth maps at up to 10 FPS on the Raspberry Pi 4 while achieving high fidelity results, and are compatible with any Android or Linux-based mobile devices. A detailed description of all models developed in the challenge is provided in this paper., Comment: Mobile AI 2021 Workshop and Challenges: https://ai-benchmark.com/workshops/mai/2021/. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.07809

Jian Chen, Shu Li, Yan Ge, Jin Kang, Jia-fen Liao, Jin-feng Du, Jing Tian, Xi Xie, Fen Li Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Fen LiDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Ren Min Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail lifen0731@csu.edu.cnBackground: Approximately 30% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) respond poorly to combination therapy of multiple drugs. The molecular mechanisms of different responses to methotrexate + leflunomide + infliximab therapy in patients with RA were explored in this study.Methods: Infliximab was administered to patients with RA whose disease activity score was higher than 5.1 after 1 month of combination therapy with methotrexate and leflunomide. After 14 weeks of undergoing triple therapy, patients with RA were classified as responders and non-responders. Protein profiles at baseline and 14th week were investigated via isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), and proteins with significant differences ≥ 1.2 folds change or ≤ 0.8 folds change were defined as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Overlapping DEPs between responders and non-responders were confirmed by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Bioinformatic analyses were performed for DEPs.Results: The results revealed 5 non-responders (NRs) and 15 responders (Rs). iTRAQ analysis indicated 13 overlapping DEPs and included 6 opposite change DEPs such as testicular tissue protein Li 70, cofilin 1, fibrinogen beta chain, galectin-10, serotransferrin (TF) and albumin. The difference in serotransferrin between responders and non-responders confirmed by PRM was significant. Verification by PRM indicated that TF was elevated in the Rs group and was reduced in the NRs group. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that serotransferrin w

The aim of this study was to investigate the syntrophic methanogenesis from the perspective of energy transfer and competition. Effects of redox materials and redox potential on direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) were examined through thermodynamic analysis based on the energy distribution principle. Types of redox materials could affect the efficiency of DIET via changing the total energy supply of the syntrophic methanogenesis. Decreasing system redox potential could facilitate DIET through increasing the total available energy. The competition between hydrogenotrophic methanogens and DIET methanogens might be the reason for the low proportion of the DIET pathway in the syntrophic methanogenesis. A facilitation mechanism of DIET was proposed based on the energy distribution. Providing sufficient electrons, inhibiting hydrogenotrophic methanogens and adding more competitive redox couples to avoid hydrogen generation might be beneficial for the facilitation of DIET.

Lu Lu Bai,1,2,* Jin Peng Du,1 Xu Kai Xue,1,* Ding Jun Hao,1 Wen Tao Wang1 1Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, People’s Republic of China; 2Graduate School, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wen Tao WangDepartment of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Youyidong Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-29-87800002Email w15686024394@163.comBackground: Ankylosing spondylitis with Andersson lesions is not rare, but its potential pathogenesis and natural course remain unclear.Case Description: We describe a case of CT image changes in ankylosing spondylitis from fracture to Andersson lesions. A 40-year-old man with a 23-year history of ankylosing spondylitis presented with acute back pain after a slight fall, and the CT showed a T12 fracture; the patient refused surgery for 12 months. The process from fracture to Andersson lesions was characterized by CT, including the subsequent interbody bone graft with internal fixation and successful bone fusion at the last follow-up. Histopathologic analysis showed degenerative fibrocartilage tissue calcification, necrotic intervertebral disc tissue, fibrovascular hyperplasia, and focal accumulation of inflammatory cells.Conclusion: Aseptic inflammation and persistent instability caused by a fracture contributed in the course from fracture to Andersson lesions in ankylosing spondylitis. CT can accurately track the pathological process, and interbody fusion via the posterior pedicle lateral approach can achieve satisfactory effectiveness, good fusion and kyphosis correction.Keywords: ankylosing spondylitis, Andersson lesions, CT

The aim of this study was to investigate the syntrophic methanogenesis from the perspective of energy transfer and competition. Effects of redox materials and redox potential on direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) were examined through thermodynamic analysis based on the energy distribution principle. Types of redox materials could affect the efficiency of DIET via changing the total energy supply of the syntrophic methanogenesis. Decreasing system redox potential could facilitate DIET through increasing the total available energy. The competition between hydrogenotrophic methanogens and DIET methanogens might be the reason for the low proportion of the DIET pathway in the syntrophic methanogenesis. A facilitation mechanism of DIET was proposed based on the energy distribution. Providing sufficient electrons, inhibiting hydrogenotrophic methanogens and adding more competitive redox couples to avoid hydrogen generation might be beneficial for the facilitation of DIET.

All the current sound field separation methods based on particle velocity are apply measurement surfaces or a single measurement surface with pressure-velocity. In order to acquire less measurement data and efficient calculation, a sound field separation method with single holographic surface based on particle velocity is proposed. According to the principle of equivalent sources near-field acoustical holography technique, this method can separate directly the sound filed information radiated by target source from coherent sound fields. Numerical simulation analyzed the results with different frequencies and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results show that this method can separate the coherent sources accurately and efficiently.

Jin-Lin Du,1 Ge-Nan Li,2 Rong-Wei He,1 Shi-Zhuo Zhang,1 Xing Zhang,1 Zhi-Gang Huang11Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hospital Nutrition, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of ChinaBackground: The chemokine family plays an important role in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. However, most studies have only focused on a few genes or a few gene loci, and thus could not reveal the associations between functional polymorphisms of chemokine family members and tumor progression. This study aimed to determine the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of chemokine family members and the prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC).Methods: The Cox risk proportional model and log-rank test were used to analyze the associations of 16 potentially functional SNPs in 13 genes from the chemokine family with the survival of 729 Chinese patients with EC.Results: Prognostic analysis on the 16 SNPs showed that different genotypes of 5 SNPs were associated with patients’ survival and the risk of death. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of death was higher in CCL26rs2302009 genotype A/C carriers than in A/A carriers and it was also higher in CX3CL1rs2239352 genotype T/T carriers than in C/C carriers. Stepwise Cox regression analysis showed that CCL26rs2302009 genotype A/C was an independent prognostic factor of EC, and its association with increased risk of death was stronger in patients who were ≤60 years old, female, with tumors located in the middle part of esophagus, with undifferentiated or poorly differentiated tumors, with early-stage pathologic type disease, with the longest diameter of tumor ≤5cm than in their counterparts.Conclusion: These findings suggest that CCL26rs2302009 may be a candida

We develop a new homotopy method for solving multiparameter eigenvalue problems (MEPs) called the fiber product homotopy method. For a $k$-parameter eigenvalue problem with matrices of sizes $n_1,\dots ,n_k = O(n)$, fiber product homotopy method requires deformation of $O(1)$ linear equations, while existing homotopy methods for MEPs require $O(n)$ nonlinear equations. We show that the fiber product homotopy method theoretically finds all eigenpairs of an MEP with probability one. It is especially well-suited for dimension-deficient singular MEPs, a weakness of all other existing methods, as the fiber product homotopy method is provably convergent with probability one for such problems as well, a fact borne out by numerical experiments. More generally, our numerical experiments indicate that the fiber product homotopy method significantly outperforms the standard Delta method in terms of accuracy, with consistent backward errors on the order of $10^{-16}$, even for dimension-deficient singular problems, and without any use of extended precision. In terms of speed, it significantly outperforms previous homotopy-based methods on all problems and outperforms the Delta method on larger problems, and is also highly parallelizable. We show that the fiber product MEP that we solve in the fiber product homotopy method, although mathematically equivalent to a standard MEP, is typically a much better conditioned problem., Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures

Du Jin; 9 ft. 4 3/4 in. x 3 ft. 2 31/32 in.; hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D15-11713%5DD15-11713, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D15-11713/D15-11713/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; 4 ft. 1 41/64 in. x 6 ft. 1 5/8 in.; hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14304%5DD08-14304, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14304/D08-14304/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14968%5DD08-14968, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14968/D08-14968/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14236%5DD08-14236, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14236/D08-14236/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14930%5DD08-14930, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14930/D08-14930/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14932%5DD08-14932, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14932/D08-14932/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14929%5DD08-14929, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14929/D08-14929/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14931%5DD08-14931, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14931/D08-14931/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; 4 ft. 1 41/64 in. x 6 ft. 1 5/8 in.; hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14304%5DD08-14304, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14304/D08-14304/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14930%5DD08-14930, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14930/D08-14930/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14932%5DD08-14932, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14932/D08-14932/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14968%5DD08-14968, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14968/D08-14968/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14236%5DD08-14236, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14236/D08-14236/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14929%5DD08-14929, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14929/D08-14929/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D08-14931%5DD08-14931, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D08-14931/D08-14931/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Du Jin; 9 ft. 4 3/4 in. x 3 ft. 2 31/32 in.; hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-UMDVRC1IC-X-D15-11713%5DD15-11713, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/umdvrc1ic/D15-11713/D15-11713/!250,250, Copyright limits viewing of most images in this collection to members of the University of Michigan community. The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of copies of copyrighted material. When using these images, it's your responsibility to observe the rights of the copyright holders and to comply with the University of Michigan Copyright Policy, University of Michigan Standard Practice Guide, http://spg.umich.edu/policy/601.07., http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Switched mode power supplies (SMPSs) are essential components in many applications, and electromagnetic interference is an important consideration in the SMPS design. Spread spectrum based PWM strategies have been used in SMPS designs to reduce the switching harmonics. This paper proposes a novel method to integrate a communication function into spread spectrum based PWM strategy without extra hardware costs. Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and phase shift keying (PSK) data modulation are employed to the PWM of the SMPS, so that it has reduced switching harmonics and the input and output power line voltage ripples contain data. A data demodulation algorithm has been developed for receivers, and code division multiple access (CDMA) concept is employed as communication method for a system with multiple SMPSs. The proposed method has been implemented in both Buck and Boost converters. The experimental results validated the proposed DSSS based PWM strategy for both harmonic reduction and communication.

For intelligent DC distributed power systems, data communication plays a vital role in system control and device monitoring. To achieve communication in a cost effective way, power/signal dual modulation (PSDM), a method that integrates data transmission with power conversion, can be utilized. In this paper, an improved PSDM method using phase shift full bridge (PSFB) converter is proposed. This method introduces a phase control based freedom in the conventional PSFB control loop to realize communication using the same power conversion circuit. In this way, decoupled data modulation and power conversion are realized without extra wiring and coupling units, and thus the system structure is simplified. More importantly, the signal intensity can be regulated by the proposed perturbation depth, and so this method can adapt to different operating conditions. Application of the proposed method to a DC distributed power system composed of several PSFB converters is discussed. A 2kW prototype system with an embedded 5kbps communication link has been implemented, and the effectiveness of the method is verified by experimental results.

Switched mode power supplies (SMPSs) are essential components in many applications, and electromagnetic interference is an important consideration in the SMPS design. Spread spectrum based PWM strategies have been used in SMPS designs to reduce the switching harmonics. This paper proposes a novel method to integrate a communication function into spread spectrum based PWM strategy without extra hardware costs. Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and phase shift keying (PSK) data modulation are employed to the PWM of the SMPS, so that it has reduced switching harmonics and the input and output power line voltage ripples contain data. A data demodulation algorithm has been developed for receivers, and code division multiple access (CDMA) concept is employed as communication method for a system with multiple SMPSs. The proposed method has been implemented in both Buck and Boost converters. The experimental results validated the proposed DSSS based PWM strategy for both harmonic reduction and communication.

For intelligent DC distributed power systems, data communication plays a vital role in system control and device monitoring. To achieve communication in a cost effective way, power/signal dual modulation (PSDM), a method that integrates data transmission with power conversion, can be utilized. In this paper, an improved PSDM method using phase shift full bridge (PSFB) converter is proposed. This method introduces a phase control based freedom in the conventional PSFB control loop to realize communication using the same power conversion circuit. In this way, decoupled data modulation and power conversion are realized without extra wiring and coupling units, and thus the system structure is simplified. More importantly, the signal intensity can be regulated by the proposed perturbation depth, and so this method can adapt to different operating conditions. Application of the proposed method to a DC distributed power system composed of several PSFB converters is discussed. A 2kW prototype system with an embedded 5kbps communication link has been implemented, and the effectiveness of the method is verified by experimental results.

For intelligent DC distributed power systems, data communication plays a vital role in system control and device monitoring. To achieve communication in a cost effective way, power/signal dual modulation (PSDM), a method that integrates data transmission with power conversion, can be utilized. In this paper, an improved PSDM method using phase shift full bridge (PSFB) converter is proposed. This method introduces a phase control based freedom in the conventional PSFB control loop to realize communication using the same power conversion circuit. In this way, decoupled data modulation and power conversion are realized without extra wiring and coupling units, and thus the system structure is simplified. More importantly, the signal intensity can be regulated by the proposed perturbation depth, and so this method can adapt to different operating conditions. Application of the proposed method to a DC distributed power system composed of several PSFB converters is discussed. A 2kW prototype system with an embedded 5kbps communication link has been implemented, and the effectiveness of the method is verified by experimental results.

Switched mode power supplies (SMPSs) are essential components in many applications, and electromagnetic interference is an important consideration in the SMPS design. Spread spectrum based PWM strategies have been used in SMPS designs to reduce the switching harmonics. This paper proposes a novel method to integrate a communication function into spread spectrum based PWM strategy without extra hardware costs. Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and phase shift keying (PSK) data modulation are employed to the PWM of the SMPS, so that it has reduced switching harmonics and the input and output power line voltage ripples contain data. A data demodulation algorithm has been developed for receivers, and code division multiple access (CDMA) concept is employed as communication method for a system with multiple SMPSs. The proposed method has been implemented in both Buck and Boost converters. The experimental results validated the proposed DSSS based PWM strategy for both harmonic reduction and communication.

For intelligent DC distributed power systems, data communication plays a vital role in system control and device monitoring. To achieve communication in a cost effective way, power/signal dual modulation (PSDM), a method that integrates data transmission with power conversion, can be utilized. In this paper, an improved PSDM method using phase shift full bridge (PSFB) converter is proposed. This method introduces a phase control based freedom in the conventional PSFB control loop to realize communication using the same power conversion circuit. In this way, decoupled data modulation and power conversion are realized without extra wiring and coupling units, and thus the system structure is simplified. More importantly, the signal intensity can be regulated by the proposed perturbation depth, and so this method can adapt to different operating conditions. Application of the proposed method to a DC distributed power system composed of several PSFB converters is discussed. A 2kW prototype system with an embedded 5kbps communication link has been implemented, and the effectiveness of the method is verified by experimental results.

Switched mode power supplies (SMPSs) are essential components in many applications, and electromagnetic interference is an important consideration in the SMPS design. Spread spectrum based PWM strategies have been used in SMPS designs to reduce the switching harmonics. This paper proposes a novel method to integrate a communication function into spread spectrum based PWM strategy without extra hardware costs. Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and phase shift keying (PSK) data modulation are employed to the PWM of the SMPS, so that it has reduced switching harmonics and the input and output power line voltage ripples contain data. A data demodulation algorithm has been developed for receivers, and code division multiple access (CDMA) concept is employed as communication method for a system with multiple SMPSs. The proposed method has been implemented in both Buck and Boost converters. The experimental results validated the proposed DSSS based PWM strategy for both harmonic reduction and communication.

For wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, communication between the primary side and the pickup side is a challenge because of the large air gap and magnetic interferences. A novel method, which integrates bidirectional data communication into a high-power WPT system, is proposed in this paper. The power and data transfer share the same inductive link between coreless coils. Power/data frequency division multiplexing technique is applied, and the power and data are transmitted by employing different frequency carriers and controlled independently. The circuit model of the multiband system is provided to analyze the transmission gain of the communication channel, as well as the power delivery performance. The crosstalk interference between two carriers is discussed. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratios of the channels are also estimated, which gives a guideline for the design of mod/demod circuits. Finally, a 500-W WPT prototype has been built to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed WPT system.

Communication between power converters is vital for high performance DC micro-grids controls. However, for residential DC micro-grid applications, using external communication link would increase the system cost, and reduce the system flexibility and reliability. This paper presents a novel method to enable the conventional DC/DC converters to transmit data via the common DC Bus. With this technology, cost-effective low bandwidth communication links between power converters can be established within a DC micro-grid, and advanced distributed control algorithms can be developed. A reliable communication with 2 kbps transmission rate has been implemented between the Boost converters through the common input DC bus.

For the development of communication systems such as Internet of Things, integrating communication with power supplies is an attractive solution to reduce supply cost. This paper presents a novel method of power/signal dual modulation (PSDM), by which signal transmission is integrated with power conversion. This method takes advantage of the intrinsic ripple initiated in switch mode power supplies as signal carriers, by which cost-effective communications can be realized. The principles of PSDM are discussed, and two basic dual modulation methods (specifically PWM/FSK and PWM/PSK) are concluded. The key points of designing a PWM/FSK system, including topology selection, carrier shape, and carrier frequency, are discussed to provide theoretical guidelines. A practical signal modulation-demodulation method is given, and a prototype system provides experimental results to verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

Communication between power converters is vital for high performance DC micro-grids controls. However, for residential DC micro-grid applications, using external communication link would increase the system cost, and reduce the system flexibility and reliability. This paper presents a novel method to enable the conventional DC/DC converters to transmit data via the common DC Bus. With this technology, cost-effective low bandwidth communication links between power converters can be established within a DC micro-grid, and advanced distributed control algorithms can be developed. A reliable communication with 2 kbps transmission rate has been implemented between the Boost converters through the common input DC bus.

For wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, communication between the primary side and the pickup side is a challenge because of the large air gap and magnetic interferences. A novel method, which integrates bidirectional data communication into a high-power WPT system, is proposed in this paper. The power and data transfer share the same inductive link between coreless coils. Power/data frequency division multiplexing technique is applied, and the power and data are transmitted by employing different frequency carriers and controlled independently. The circuit model of the multiband system is provided to analyze the transmission gain of the communication channel, as well as the power delivery performance. The crosstalk interference between two carriers is discussed. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratios of the channels are also estimated, which gives a guideline for the design of mod/demod circuits. Finally, a 500-W WPT prototype has been built to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed WPT system.

For the development of communication systems such as Internet of Things, integrating communication with power supplies is an attractive solution to reduce supply cost. This paper presents a novel method of power/signal dual modulation (PSDM), by which signal transmission is integrated with power conversion. This method takes advantage of the intrinsic ripple initiated in switch mode power supplies as signal carriers, by which cost-effective communications can be realized. The principles of PSDM are discussed, and two basic dual modulation methods (specifically PWM/FSK and PWM/PSK) are concluded. The key points of designing a PWM/FSK system, including topology selection, carrier shape, and carrier frequency, are discussed to provide theoretical guidelines. A practical signal modulation-demodulation method is given, and a prototype system provides experimental results to verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution.