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The Italian welfare state is characterised by a preference for income transfers over transfers in kind and the marginal role of policies aimed directly at supporting the family. Despite the growing participation of women in the labour market, the Italian welfare system still assumes the family, with its unbalanced gender division of housework and its intergenerational solidarity, to be the primary provider of protection and support. As a result, in Italy in 2019 only 26.9% of children under 3 years of age were enrolled in formal childcare, which is below the European average. In this context, births from at least one foreign parent had increased over time, and foreign national children accounted for 14.0% of all children aged 0–3 in 2019. Despite this, migrants are still seen as ‘suppliers’ rather than citizens who, as parents, are potential consumers of childcare services. Aspects related to the use of childcare by migrants and differences compared to natives in Italy are currently understudied. We use the 2012 Birth Sample Survey by the Italian National Institute of Statistics to fill this gap. Mothers were interviewed about 18–21 months after having given birth: information on sociodemographic characteristics of both parents was collected, including their use of childcare services, their reasons for not using them, their unmet need for childcare services, and the lack of access to the job market due to care work. Our study aims to understand childcare patterns among migrants and the differences between them and those of the native-born population. We found that Italian mothers use informal care more than migrants. Unlike the evidence from other international studies, our results show that migrant mothers use daycare for children aged 0–3 more than native-born mothers. However, we found that the migrants who had arrived as children show patterns more similar to natives. This finding might be associated with a better knowledge of the system and a more extensive net

Im Zuge der Veränderungen gesellschaftlicher Lebensformen infolge der Digitalisierung stehen Kindertageseinrichtungen vor der Herausforderung, sich mit der digitalen Durchdringung der familialen Lebenswelt junger Kinder auseinanderzusetzen. Zusätzlich werden ihnen, aufgrund ihres Bildungsauftrags und ihrer gewachsenen Bedeutung als Teil der Normalbiografie des Kindes, Erwartungen im Hinblick auf den frühzeitigen Ausgleich von Bildungsungleichheit gestellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert der Beitrag das Potenzial einer organisationstheoretischen Betrachtung des Umgangs mit dem Digitalen in der Kindertageseinrichtung. Unter Rückgriff auf ein Konzept von «Organisationskultur» wird anhand eines empirischen Beispiels mithilfe von Videodaten und Interviewmaterial dargestellt, wie organisationskulturelle Rahmungen und der alltägliche Umgang mit digitalen Bilderbüchern miteinander verschränkt sind. Vor allem im institutionellen Alltag der Kinder schlagen sich die im Team ausgehandelten Orientierungen und Haltungen zum Thema digitale Medien nieder und beeinflussen ihre Möglichkeiten zur Partizipation. Die Ergebnisse zeigen darüber hinaus, wie die Kinder an der Herstellung und Aufrechterhaltung (organisations-)kultureller Rahmungen beteiligt sind und diese durch Integration in ihre Peerkultur modifizieren. Daher plädiert der Beitrag für eine höhere Sensitivität gegenüber den Beiträgen junger Kinder zur digital geprägten Kultur. Zudem zeigt sich der organisationskulturelle Zugang als gewinnbringend für die Auseinandersetzung mit theoretischen und praktischen Verknüpfungen von Digitalität und Nachhaltigkeit., Increasing digitalization affects social lifestyles and digital media has become ubiquitous in children’s lives. This poses new challenges for early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers, which have to face the changing environment of young children and make a commitment to whether and how digital media is integrated into everyday education. Furthermore, due to the educational mandate and the fact of being an important ecological environment in children’s biographies, ECEC is considered crucial to compensate for educational inequality at an early stage. In light of the discussion about digital inequality, this article focuses on the potential of the organizational-theoretical view for the use of digital in daycare centers. Drawing on a concept of organizational culture, an empirical example based on video data and interview material illustrates how organizational cultural frameworks and the everyday handling of digital storybooks are intertwined. The results show, that the teachers’ orientations and attitudes towards digital media, which are permanently negotiated in the team, influence especially the everyday institutional routines and the children’s opportunities for participation. The analyses indicate further, that children are involved in establishing and the maintenance of (organizational) cultural frameworks and modify them by integrating them into their peer culture. Therefore, this paper argues for a higher sensitivity towards young children’s contributions to digitally shaped culture in ECEC. Moreover, the chosen organizational-cultural approach has shown to be valuable when dealing with theoretical and practical links between digitality and sustainability.

Diabetes care during institutional hours is a major challenge affecting the whole family. The aim of this study was to highlight challenges and potentials regarding municipal support in relation to diabetes care of children in school, kindergarten, and daycare. The dataset consists of 80 semi-structured online interviews with 121 municipal employees from 74 (of 98) municipalities in Denmark. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis produced four main themes: (1) Institutional staff initially feel insecure about diabetes care responsibilities, (2) There is a high degree of parental involvement and responsibilities during institutional hours, (3) The roles of health employees vary, and (4) Fluctuating allocation of special needs assistants (SNAs) creates challenges. The findings of this nationwide qualitative study show that, even though Denmark guarantees, by law, the child’s right to support in diabetes self-care in school and childcare institutions, diabetes management in Denmark still needs to be improved, with a view to ensuring equal support for all children with diabetes.

Diabetes care during institutional hours is a major challenge affecting the whole family. The aim of this study was to highlight challenges and potentials regarding municipal support in relation to diabetes care of children in school, kindergarten, and daycare. The dataset consists of 80 semi-structured online interviews with 121 municipal employees from 74 (of 98) municipalities in Denmark. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis produced four main themes: (1) Institutional staff initially feel insecure about diabetes care responsibilities, (2) There is a high degree of parental involvement and responsibilities during institutional hours, (3) The roles of health employees vary, and (4) Fluctuating allocation of special needs assistants (SNAs) creates challenges. The findings of this nationwide qualitative study show that, even though Denmark guarantees, by law, the child’s right to support in diabetes self-care in school and childcare institutions, diabetes management in Denmark still needs to be improved, with a view to ensuring equal support for all children with diabetes.

The environmental influences on early childhood development are understudied. The association between vegetation cover (i.e., trees, shrubs, grassed areas) in four key behaviour settings and socioemotional functioning was investigated in 1196 young children (2–5 years). Emotional difficulties were inversely associated with vegetation cover in the home yard (OR: 0.81 [0.69—0.96]) and neighbourhood (OR: 0.79 [0.67–0.94]), but not in early childhood education and care (ECEC) centre outdoor areas or the ECEC neighbourhood. The higher odds of emotional difficulties associated with lower levels of maternal education was reduced with higher percentages of home yard vegetation cover. There was no evidence of mediation of the relationship between emotional difficulties and vegetation cover by time spent playing outside the home, day or nighttime sleep duration, or physical activity. We found no associations between vegetation cover and conduct, hyperactivity and inattention, peer difficulties, or prosocial behaviours. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3HeEiIjVZc

The environmental influences on early childhood development are understudied. The association between vegetation cover (i.e., trees, shrubs, grassed areas) in four key behaviour settings and socioemotional functioning was investigated in 1196 young children (2–5 years). Emotional difficulties were inversely associated with vegetation cover in the home yard (OR: 0.81 [0.69—0.96]) and neighbourhood (OR: 0.79 [0.67–0.94]), but not in early childhood education and care (ECEC) centre outdoor areas or the ECEC neighbourhood. The higher odds of emotional difficulties associated with lower levels of maternal education was reduced with higher percentages of home yard vegetation cover. There was no evidence of mediation of the relationship between emotional difficulties and vegetation cover by time spent playing outside the home, day or nighttime sleep duration, or physical activity. We found no associations between vegetation cover and conduct, hyperactivity and inattention, peer difficulties, or prosocial behaviours. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3HeEiIjVZc

Drawing on interviews with 42 parents of preschoolers in Sweden and the UK, we examine how parents display good parenthood in two family policy contexts. In the UK, mothers take longer leave, work part-time, and limit daycare to demonstrate good motherhood while fathers continue to work long hours, reinforcing a gendered division of labor. In Sweden, mothers and fathers are more likely to share leave and caring responsibilities, displaying gender equality as well as good parenting. While displaying good parenthood was prominent in parents’ narratives in both countries, differences in policy context matter. Parental leave deliberations and working time adjustments were closely linked to the display of motherhood in both countries but also the display of fatherhood in Sweden. Daycare is an integral part of displaying parenthood by emphasizing benefits to children but also parental care through public appearances.

Despite the recognized effectiveness of naturalistic intervention practices, including activity-based intervention (ABI), challenges remain regarding their implementation. Assessing implementation fidelity can help understand factors that may influence their implementation. This study aims to document the evolution of ABI implementation fidelity (Adherence, Dosage, Quality and Participant responsiveness) in daycare settings following professional development. The participants are four educators. The current study uses an embedded design. The predominant aspect is quantitative, that is, single-case research design with three measurement phases of 12 observation moments. In terms of Dosage, an increase in the frequency of learning opportunities offered by educators is observed as the experiment progresses. For three educators, results show moderate and significant effects of professional development between Phases 1 and 3. A slight decrease in Quality can be observed when learning opportunities are adapted to children's developmental levels. This article highlights the importance of documenting several components of implementation fidelity. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Despite the recognized effectiveness of naturalistic intervention practices, including activity-based intervention (ABI), challenges remain regarding their implementation. Assessing implementation fidelity can help understand factors that may influence their implementation. This study aims to document the evolution of ABI implementation fidelity (Adherence, Dosage, Quality and Participant responsiveness) in daycare settings following professional development. The participants are four educators. The current study uses an embedded design. The predominant aspect is quantitative, that is, single-case research design with three measurement phases of 12 observation moments. In terms of Dosage, an increase in the frequency of learning opportunities offered by educators is observed as the experiment progresses. For three educators, results show moderate and significant effects of professional development between Phases 1 and 3. A slight decrease in Quality can be observed when learning opportunities are adapted to children's developmental levels. This article highlights the importance of documenting several components of implementation fidelity. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

The daycare center is an educational context where significant learning opportunities must be created in the lives of babies and children. This article intends to emphasize an educational perspective for daycare education, the perspective of Emmi Pikler, and its contribution in training processes within the supervised educational practice of a professionalizing master's degree, in the Portuguese context. It aims to describe and analyze the experimentation of the Pikler Triangle in the context of a practicum developed in a daycare center, with simultaneous attention to the effects of this pedagogical proposal on children's experience and on the professional learning of the students. With regard to the first, there are positive effects in terms of children's autonomy, interactions and emotional experience, while in relation to the second, the formative contribution is highlighted at the level of a contextualized, participative, sensitive and attentive observation, and by an awareness about the particularities of professional action with younger children, especially in assuming a non-interfering role., A creche é um contexto educativo onde se devem criar oportunidades de aprendizagem significativas na vida de bebés e crianças. Este artigo pretende dar ênfase a uma perspetiva pedagógica para a educação em creche, a perspetiva de Emmi Pikler, e ao seu contributo em processos formativos no âmbito da prática educativa supervisionada de um mestrado profissionalizante, em contexto português. Tem como objetivo descrever e analisar a experimentação do Triângulo de Pikler no âmbito de um estágio desenvolvido em contexto de creche, com atenção simultânea aos efeitos desta proposta pedagógica na experiência das crianças e na aprendizagem profissional de educadoras estagiárias. Relativamente à primeira, são de destacar efeitos positivos ao nível da autonomia, interações e experiência emocional das crianças, enquanto, relativamente à segunda, salienta-se o contributo formativo no âmbito da observação contextualizada e participante, sensível e atenta, e da tomada de consciência das particularidades da ação profissional com crianças mais novas, sobretudo ao nível da assunção de um papel não interferente.

Despite the recognized effectiveness of naturalistic intervention practices, including activity-based intervention (ABI), challenges remain regarding their implementation. Assessing implementation fidelity can help understand factors that may influence their implementation. This study aims to document the evolution of ABI implementation fidelity (Adherence, Dosage, Quality and Participant responsiveness) in daycare settings following professional development. The participants are four educators. The current study uses an embedded design. The predominant aspect is quantitative, that is, single-case research design with three measurement phases of 12 observation moments. In terms of Dosage, an increase in the frequency of learning opportunities offered by educators is observed as the experiment progresses. For three educators, results show moderate and significant effects of professional development between Phases 1 and 3. A slight decrease in Quality can be observed when learning opportunities are adapted to children's developmental levels. This article highlights the importance of documenting several components of implementation fidelity. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

The article asks whether daycare can alleviate work-family tensions in the dual-earner society or if perceptions of 'care-gaps' will hamper women's careers. Using survey data from Swedish parents with pre-school children (n ≈ 2 250) and qualitative interviews of survey respondents (n≈40), we explore how children’s daycare hours and parents’ reflections on daycare hours are related to mothers’ and fathers’ involvement in paid and unpaid work and to their perceptions of stress. The results show that parents have a strong ambition to limit daycare hours. This ambition provides a stressful dilemma for mothers but for fathers, daycare is not a source of stress. Maternal part-time work is an important tool for managing daycare hours, but collides with ideals of gender equality. Full-time work can be combined with short daycare hours, provided that the parents take shifts in the home and share care responsibilities. Sharing of care work also reduces mothers' stress. However, such arrangements require flexible schedules which are more available to parents in high-skill jobs. Single parents have little opportunity to keep daycare hours short.

The article asks whether daycare can alleviate work-family tensions in the dual-earner society or if perceptions of 'care-gaps' will hamper women's careers. Using survey data from Swedish parents with pre-school children (n ≈ 2 250) and qualitative interviews of survey respondents (n≈40), we explore how children’s daycare hours and parents’ reflections on daycare hours are related to mothers’ and fathers’ involvement in paid and unpaid work and to their perceptions of stress. The results show that parents have a strong ambition to limit daycare hours. This ambition provides a stressful dilemma for mothers but for fathers, daycare is not a source of stress. Maternal part-time work is an important tool for managing daycare hours, but collides with ideals of gender equality. Full-time work can be combined with short daycare hours, provided that the parents take shifts in the home and share care responsibilities. Sharing of care work also reduces mothers' stress. However, such arrangements require flexible schedules which are more available to parents in high-skill jobs. Single parents have little opportunity to keep daycare hours short.

The article asks whether daycare can alleviate work-family tensions in the dual-earner society or if perceptions of 'care-gaps' will hamper women's careers. Using survey data from Swedish parents with pre-school children (n ≈ 2 250) and qualitative interviews of survey respondents (n≈40), we explore how children’s daycare hours and parents’ reflections on daycare hours are related to mothers’ and fathers’ involvement in paid and unpaid work and to their perceptions of stress. The results show that parents have a strong ambition to limit daycare hours. This ambition provides a stressful dilemma for mothers but for fathers, daycare is not a source of stress. Maternal part-time work is an important tool for managing daycare hours, but collides with ideals of gender equality. Full-time work can be combined with short daycare hours, provided that the parents take shifts in the home and share care responsibilities. Sharing of care work also reduces mothers' stress. However, such arrangements require flexible schedules which are more available to parents in high-skill jobs. Single parents have little opportunity to keep daycare hours short.

This chapter concerns theory and research relevant to child development and early childhood education and care (ECEC), which is a key ecology for human development. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of the organizational features and processes important to understanding these settings. The authors then focus on describing the Nordic welfare model as it relates to ECEC settings, with an exploration of how certain ethics are reflected in the design, goals, and practice of ECEC settings in Sweden. The chapter then moves to summarizing and reflecting on the empirical research literature on how Swedish ECEC settings may support aspects of children’s moral development; finally, the authors pose several questions that may prove important to advancing future research in this area.

This chapter concerns theory and research relevant to child development and early childhood education and care (ECEC), which is a key ecology for human development. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of the organizational features and processes important to understanding these settings. The authors then focus on describing the Nordic welfare model as it relates to ECEC settings, with an exploration of how certain ethics are reflected in the design, goals, and practice of ECEC settings in Sweden. The chapter then moves to summarizing and reflecting on the empirical research literature on how Swedish ECEC settings may support aspects of children’s moral development; finally, the authors pose several questions that may prove important to advancing future research in this area.

The article asks whether daycare can alleviate work-family tensions in the dual-earner society or if perceptions of 'care-gaps' will hamper women's careers. Using survey data from Swedish parents with pre-school children (n ≈ 2 250) and qualitative interviews of survey respondents (n≈40), we explore how children’s daycare hours and parents’ reflections on daycare hours are related to mothers’ and fathers’ involvement in paid and unpaid work and to their perceptions of stress. The results show that parents have a strong ambition to limit daycare hours. This ambition provides a stressful dilemma for mothers but for fathers, daycare is not a source of stress. Maternal part-time work is an important tool for managing daycare hours, but collides with ideals of gender equality. Full-time work can be combined with short daycare hours, provided that the parents take shifts in the home and share care responsibilities. Sharing of care work also reduces mothers' stress. However, such arrangements require flexible schedules which are more available to parents in high-skill jobs. Single parents have little opportunity to keep daycare hours short.

The project investigated the development of more sustainable managerial practices than the widespread New Public Management. The concrete case concerned the public Danish daycare sector and included all groups of actors (children, pedagogues, parents, Centre leaders, administration and politicians) aiming at inventing structures and practices, which could support and preserve ‘the good daycare’. An analysis of the existing practices showed that the system in all its layers and interconnections predominantly was built on static ontologies. This included the guiding principles for children’s learning and development, the educational programmes and manuals as well as the formats of documentation and evaluation. Ambitiously, we suggested a change towards a processual ontology, in which dialogues between all groups fed into the establishment of a new managerial order, built on multi-voiced meaningful premises. We thus aimed at supporting the construction of new kind of knowledge, moving from abstract generalized to concrete generalized. The concrete generalized evolved through dialogues and interactions as collaborative strategies, guiding conceptualizations and procedures as well as a common care for the ‘we’ and the object of the shared attention: The good daycare. These processes are presented and discussed in the paper.

The article asks whether daycare can alleviate work-family tensions in the dual-earner society or if perceptions of 'care-gaps' will hamper women's careers. Using survey data from Swedish parents with pre-school children (n ≈ 2 250) and qualitative interviews of survey respondents (n≈40), we explore how children’s daycare hours and parents’ reflections on daycare hours are related to mothers’ and fathers’ involvement in paid and unpaid work and to their perceptions of stress. The results show that parents have a strong ambition to limit daycare hours. This ambition provides a stressful dilemma for mothers but for fathers, daycare is not a source of stress. Maternal part-time work is an important tool for managing daycare hours, but collides with ideals of gender equality. Full-time work can be combined with short daycare hours, provided that the parents take shifts in the home and share care responsibilities. Sharing of care work also reduces mothers' stress. However, such arrangements require flexible schedules which are more available to parents in high-skill jobs. Single parents have little opportunity to keep daycare hours short.

The goal of this paper is to analyze and discuss the data produced by the researchers regarding their experiences in inclusive education with children from ages zero to three. It is a qualitative study, of which 46 daycare teachers participated, all from public daycares of a city at the coast of São Paulo. They answered a semi-open questionnaire, where they reported their experiences and difficulties regarding educational inclusion of that age group. The results, presented based on analyzes of thematic content, discuss the hardships regarding experiences with school inclusion and the successful experiences as told by the participants. Our belief is that this study may contribute for the discussion about accessible daycare education, and that it may promote discussions in related areas., O objetivo desse artigo é analisar e discutir os dados produzidos por professoras em relação às suas experiências em educação inclusiva com crianças de zero a três anos. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, do qual participaram 46 professoras de creches públicas de uma cidade de médio porte do litoral paulista, que responderam um questionário semiaberto, relatando suas experiências e dificuldades com relação à inclusão escolar nessa faixa etária. Os resultados apresentados, com base na análise de conteúdo temático, discutem as dificuldades quanto às experiências com inclusão escolar e as experiências bem sucedidas descritas pelas participantes. Acredita-se que este estudo pode contribuir para a discussão sobre a educação para todos na creche e para fomentar reflexões e novos estudos na área., El objetivo de este artículo es discutir los datos producidos por las maestras con relación a sus experiencias en educación inclusiva con niños de cero a tres años. Tratase de un estudio cualitativo de lo cual han participado 46 maestras de guarderías públicas de una ciudad del litoral de San Pablo que han respondido a una encuesta medio abierta, por medio de cual han relatado sus experiencias y dificultades en relación a la inclusión escolar en esta franja etaria. Los resultados presentados con base en el análisis del contenido temático hablan de las dificultades en las experiencias con inclusión escolar y de las experiencias exitosas descritas por las participantes. Créese que este estudio puede contribuir para la discusión acerca de la educación para todos en las guarderías y que puede promover reflexiones para los campos afines.

Society lacks a thorough understanding of the concept of aging. By the time Americans reach their senior years, they have little concept of what life will become as an aging adult. Older adults begin to grow isolated from society both physically and mentally. Health limitations, technological or transportation limitations, and spatial discrepancies generate barriers to seniors, perpetuating a cycle of isolation and loneliness. As the senior population rapidly increases with the aging of Baby Boomers, can architecture break this cycle and stimulate the creation of a society of intertwined generations? This thesis challenges the design of senior housing to become a vehicle through which seniors might reconnect with society through intellectual, physical, and social engagement. Designing spaces that foster new paradigms of intergenerational relationships may become the tool through society is exposed to the beauty and importance of aging.

Difficulties about parenting for working parents and how to stimulate the growth of children's development are a challenge to the business. Parents who entrust children expect to be well cared for by care for health. Griya Sehat Bayi dan Balita is an effort that provides comprehensive services to the needs of parents to monitor and develop the growth and development of infants or toddlers. The specific target this program is to provide a vehicle for universities to develop the application of technology in the health and nursing of infants/toddlers based on the results of research and community service. The service provided is a child care center with online CCTV service, assessment, and stimulation of growth and development of SPA for a toddler. Griya Sehat Bayi dan Balita gives job opportunities for alumni and becomes a place of internship for the student of STIKES Dirgahayu Samarinda. The daycare unit opened in March with a capacity of 10 children with four sitter-in. SPA units operate from May 2018 with a therapist, an admin, and four volunteers. The parent's evaluation of daycare in the 80% is satisfied and 20% stated very satisfyingly. Greeting, friendliness, speed of response and completeness of the facility is considered very satisfactory. Clarity type of service, cleanliness, and comfort is considered satisfactory by the customer.

Difficulties about parenting for working parents and how to stimulate the growth of children's development are a challenge to the business. Parents who entrust children expect to be well cared for by care for health. Griya Sehat Bayi dan Balita is an effort that provides comprehensive services to the needs of parents to monitor and develop the growth and development of infants or toddlers. The specific target this program is to provide a vehicle for universities to develop the application of technology in the health and nursing of infants/toddlers based on the results of research and community service. The service provided is a child care center with online CCTV service, assessment, and stimulation of growth and development of SPA for a toddler. Griya Sehat Bayi dan Balita gives job opportunities for alumni and becomes a place of internship for the student of STIKES Dirgahayu Samarinda. The daycare unit opened in March with a capacity of 10 children with four sitter-in. SPA units operate from May 2018 with a therapist, an admin, and four volunteers. The parent's evaluation of daycare in the 80% is satisfied and 20% stated very satisfyingly. Greeting, friendliness, speed of response and completeness of the facility is considered very satisfactory. Clarity type of service, cleanliness, and comfort is considered satisfactory by the customer.

This study is aimed to investigate service standard at daycare Yayasan Buah Hati (TPA YBH) and analyze the appropriateness of it to national service standard. This study applied case study to investigate the unit of analysis, that is service standard at TPA YBH by using four dimension of national service standard of daycare, they are: standard of child growth achievement, standard of infrastructure, management, and financing, standard of education personnels, standard of content, process, and evaluation. The data was collected by conducting in-depth interview, observation, and documentation. Then, all data was analyzed by implementing descriptive qualitative analysis. The result of this study shows that service standard at TPA YBH has included all dimension of national service standard of daycare in Indonesia. Yet, practically, TPA YBH implemented service standards of daycare in which have not fulfilling the national standard. For instance, in determining the maximum age of children, TPA YBH determined 9 years as maximum age that can be registered at TPA YBH; while national standard said that maximum age is 6 years old. In financing sector, TPA YBH has not used government subsidy, while in nation standard, a daycare can use government subsidy as the financial sources. Overall, TPA YBH has been fulfilled the national standard for the dimension standard of infrastructure and management, standard of education personals, standard of content, process, and evaluation.

IntroductionAsthma is a common health condition for children in childcare. National recommendations for asthma in childcare exist. However, no studies have investigated the extent to which childcare centers adhere to these recommendations. We aimed to assess childcare center adherence to National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) recommendations for asthma care and preparedness and to identify characteristics associated with increased adherence to national asthma recommendations.MethodsWe developed a standardized instrument. Each childcare center received a score of 0 through 7 based on number of recommendations met. We conducted t-tests, chi square tests and linear regression to identify childcare center factors associated with increased asthma preparedness.Results36 out of 40 eligible childcare centers (90%) participated. These sites served 1570 children primarily between the ages of 2 to 5 years. On average, centers met 3.8 out of 7 (SD = 1.3) recommendations. Staff familiarity caring for children with asthma (p < 0.001) and the center's asthma prevalence (p = 0.01) was positively associated with the center's asthma preparedness. The 3 areas most in need of improvement related to asthma medications, asthma action plans and asthma policies. None of the managers reported being familiar with the NAEPP recommendations.DiscussionThere is room for improvement in the asthma care and preparedness of childcare centers. The 3 areas in which centers performed poorly (appropriate asthma medication management, use of asthma action plans, and presence of appropriate asthma policies) suggest that closer collaboration between clinicians and childcare centers may be a key to improving asthma management for young children.

This study is aimed to investigate service standard at daycare Yayasan Buah Hati (TPA YBH) and analyze the appropriateness of it to national service standard. This study applied case study to investigate the unit of analysis, that is service standard at TPA YBH by using four dimension of national service standard of daycare, they are: standard of child growth achievement, standard of infrastructure, management, and financing, standard of education personnels, standard of content, process, and evaluation. The data was collected by conducting in-depth interview, observation, and documentation. Then, all data was analyzed by implementing descriptive qualitative analysis. The result of this study shows that service standard at TPA YBH has included all dimension of national service standard of daycare in Indonesia. Yet, practically, TPA YBH implemented service standards of daycare in which have not fulfilling the national standard. For instance, in determining the maximum age of children, TPA YBH determined 9 years as maximum age that can be registered at TPA YBH; while national standard said that maximum age is 6 years old. In financing sector, TPA YBH has not used government subsidy, while in nation standard, a daycare can use government subsidy as the financial sources. Overall, TPA YBH has been fulfilled the national standard for the dimension standard of infrastructure and management, standard of education personals, standard of content, process, and evaluation.

An overview of the representation of men in early childhood education, from the perspective of a local, VT affiliated, daycare (Rainbow Riders of Blacksburg, VA). The article shows how the events of April 16th led to one man ending up as a preschool teacher in a female dominated field.

This thesis examines student activism against reproductive oppression in Calgary and Lethbridge during the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose is to highlight the strong and multi-facetted character of student activists’ fight against reproductive oppression, including issues of sexuality and marriage, birth control, (hetero)sexual liberation, reproductive rights, women’s health, and daycare. Using reproductive justice as an analytic lens, relevant articles published in student newspapers from the University of Calgary, the University of Lethbridge, Mount Royal Junior College, and Lethbridge Junior College are used as sources in addition to eight in-depth, semi-structured oral history interviews conducted with five narrators. My research revises conventional perspectives on student activism in Canada during these decades to determine student activism as intergenerational and multi-facetted. Additionally, my thesis challenges the representations and perceptions of Alberta as religiously, politically, and socially conservative emphasizing the significance of student activism that existed and thrived in the province during this era.

This thesis examines student activism against reproductive oppression in Calgary and Lethbridge during the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose is to highlight the strong and multi-facetted character of student activists’ fight against reproductive oppression, including issues of sexuality and marriage, birth control, (hetero)sexual liberation, reproductive rights, women’s health, and daycare. Using reproductive justice as an analytic lens, relevant articles published in student newspapers from the University of Calgary, the University of Lethbridge, Mount Royal Junior College, and Lethbridge Junior College are used as sources in addition to eight in-depth, semi-structured oral history interviews conducted with five narrators. My research revises conventional perspectives on student activism in Canada during these decades to determine student activism as intergenerational and multi-facetted. Additionally, my thesis challenges the representations and perceptions of Alberta as religiously, politically, and socially conservative emphasizing the significance of student activism that existed and thrived in the province during this era.

This thesis examines student activism against reproductive oppression in Calgary and Lethbridge during the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose is to highlight the strong and multi-facetted character of student activists’ fight against reproductive oppression, including issues of sexuality and marriage, birth control, (hetero)sexual liberation, reproductive rights, women’s health, and daycare. Using reproductive justice as an analytic lens, relevant articles published in student newspapers from the University of Calgary, the University of Lethbridge, Mount Royal Junior College, and Lethbridge Junior College are used as sources in addition to eight in-depth, semi-structured oral history interviews conducted with five narrators. My research revises conventional perspectives on student activism in Canada during these decades to determine student activism as intergenerational and multi-facetted. Additionally, my thesis challenges the representations and perceptions of Alberta as religiously, politically, and socially conservative emphasizing the significance of student activism that existed and thrived in the province during this era.

This thesis examines student activism against reproductive oppression in Calgary and Lethbridge during the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose is to highlight the strong and multi-facetted character of student activists’ fight against reproductive oppression, including issues of sexuality and marriage, birth control, (hetero)sexual liberation, reproductive rights, women’s health, and daycare. Using reproductive justice as an analytic lens, relevant articles published in student newspapers from the University of Calgary, the University of Lethbridge, Mount Royal Junior College, and Lethbridge Junior College are used as sources in addition to eight in-depth, semi-structured oral history interviews conducted with five narrators. My research revises conventional perspectives on student activism in Canada during these decades to determine student activism as intergenerational and multi-facetted. Additionally, my thesis challenges the representations and perceptions of Alberta as religiously, politically, and socially conservative emphasizing the significance of student activism that existed and thrived in the province during this era.

This thesis examines student activism against reproductive oppression in Calgary and Lethbridge during the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose is to highlight the strong and multi-facetted character of student activists’ fight against reproductive oppression, including issues of sexuality and marriage, birth control, (hetero)sexual liberation, reproductive rights, women’s health, and daycare. Using reproductive justice as an analytic lens, relevant articles published in student newspapers from the University of Calgary, the University of Lethbridge, Mount Royal Junior College, and Lethbridge Junior College are used as sources in addition to eight in-depth, semi-structured oral history interviews conducted with five narrators. My research revises conventional perspectives on student activism in Canada during these decades to determine student activism as intergenerational and multi-facetted. Additionally, my thesis challenges the representations and perceptions of Alberta as religiously, politically, and socially conservative emphasizing the significance of student activism that existed and thrived in the province during this era.

This thesis examines student activism against reproductive oppression in Calgary and Lethbridge during the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose is to highlight the strong and multi-facetted character of student activists’ fight against reproductive oppression, including issues of sexuality and marriage, birth control, (hetero)sexual liberation, reproductive rights, women’s health, and daycare. Using reproductive justice as an analytic lens, relevant articles published in student newspapers from the University of Calgary, the University of Lethbridge, Mount Royal Junior College, and Lethbridge Junior College are used as sources in addition to eight in-depth, semi-structured oral history interviews conducted with five narrators. My research revises conventional perspectives on student activism in Canada during these decades to determine student activism as intergenerational and multi-facetted. Additionally, my thesis challenges the representations and perceptions of Alberta as religiously, politically, and socially conservative emphasizing the significance of student activism that existed and thrived in the province during this era.

This thesis examines student activism against reproductive oppression in Calgary and Lethbridge during the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose is to highlight the strong and multi-facetted character of student activists’ fight against reproductive oppression, including issues of sexuality and marriage, birth control, (hetero)sexual liberation, reproductive rights, women’s health, and daycare. Using reproductive justice as an analytic lens, relevant articles published in student newspapers from the University of Calgary, the University of Lethbridge, Mount Royal Junior College, and Lethbridge Junior College are used as sources in addition to eight in-depth, semi-structured oral history interviews conducted with five narrators. My research revises conventional perspectives on student activism in Canada during these decades to determine student activism as intergenerational and multi-facetted. Additionally, my thesis challenges the representations and perceptions of Alberta as religiously, politically, and socially conservative emphasizing the significance of student activism that existed and thrived in the province during this era.

This thesis examines student activism against reproductive oppression in Calgary and Lethbridge during the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose is to highlight the strong and multi-facetted character of student activists’ fight against reproductive oppression, including issues of sexuality and marriage, birth control, (hetero)sexual liberation, reproductive rights, women’s health, and daycare. Using reproductive justice as an analytic lens, relevant articles published in student newspapers from the University of Calgary, the University of Lethbridge, Mount Royal Junior College, and Lethbridge Junior College are used as sources in addition to eight in-depth, semi-structured oral history interviews conducted with five narrators. My research revises conventional perspectives on student activism in Canada during these decades to determine student activism as intergenerational and multi-facetted. Additionally, my thesis challenges the representations and perceptions of Alberta as religiously, politically, and socially conservative emphasizing the significance of student activism that existed and thrived in the province during this era.

This thesis examines student activism against reproductive oppression in Calgary and Lethbridge during the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose is to highlight the strong and multi-facetted character of student activists’ fight against reproductive oppression, including issues of sexuality and marriage, birth control, (hetero)sexual liberation, reproductive rights, women’s health, and daycare. Using reproductive justice as an analytic lens, relevant articles published in student newspapers from the University of Calgary, the University of Lethbridge, Mount Royal Junior College, and Lethbridge Junior College are used as sources in addition to eight in-depth, semi-structured oral history interviews conducted with five narrators. My research revises conventional perspectives on student activism in Canada during these decades to determine student activism as intergenerational and multi-facetted. Additionally, my thesis challenges the representations and perceptions of Alberta as religiously, politically, and socially conservative emphasizing the significance of student activism that existed and thrived in the province during this era.

This thesis examines student activism against reproductive oppression in Calgary and Lethbridge during the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose is to highlight the strong and multi-facetted character of student activists’ fight against reproductive oppression, including issues of sexuality and marriage, birth control, (hetero)sexual liberation, reproductive rights, women’s health, and daycare. Using reproductive justice as an analytic lens, relevant articles published in student newspapers from the University of Calgary, the University of Lethbridge, Mount Royal Junior College, and Lethbridge Junior College are used as sources in addition to eight in-depth, semi-structured oral history interviews conducted with five narrators. My research revises conventional perspectives on student activism in Canada during these decades to determine student activism as intergenerational and multi-facetted. Additionally, my thesis challenges the representations and perceptions of Alberta as religiously, politically, and socially conservative emphasizing the significance of student activism that existed and thrived in the province during this era.

Japan is facing a great demographic shift, where by 2050 more than 40% of it's inhabitants will be over the age of 65 years. The womens emencipation from the role of stay at home mothers has allowed them to have careers of their own, although a good thing it does not leave a lot of room for starting a family in Japan's hard working climate. This new cultural norm has collided with the the long tradition of family care and Japan is now facing a large cultural collision, where there is a great lack of working solutions for child and senior care. The project suggests a prototypical intergenerational day care center for elderly and children in Tokyos dense now-rise residential neighborhoods. This form of care started being built in America during the 90's and has prooven to provide some of the best care availible for elderly and children., Japan möter i dagsläget ett stort demografiskt skifte, till år 2050 kommer mer än 40% av befolkningen att vara över 65 år gamla. Kvinnornas frigörelse från hemmet har tillåtit dem att påbörja egna arbetsliv och karriärer, vilket inte lämnar mycket rum för att starta egen familj i Japans hårda arbetsklimat. Denna nya kulturella norm har kolliderat med den traditionella familjevården och Japan står idag utan en bra lösning för barn- och äldrevård. Det föreslagna projektet är ett prototypiskt intergenerationellt dagvårdscenter för barn och seniorer i Tokyos täta lågbebyggda bostadsområden. Intergenerationell vård började byggas under 90-talet i USA och har visat sig ge bland den bästa vården tillgänglig för barn och äldre.

An elementary school in the Stockholm suburb Mariehäll, for children aged 6-11 as well as a daycare centre. The school will cater to approximately 700 students and a centre for art and culture, which will be available to the public. The school is located in the new residential area Annedal, adjacent to the local park and Bullerbytorget. This project explores the correlation between architecture and learning, with the purpose of creating an environment that meets the needs of students with difficulties in concentrating. This has influenced the orientation of the building and the classrooms, the organisation of the plan and the materials and colours used in the various rooms. The program is divided into two volumes – one which houses the actual school and daycare centre, and one which consists of administration and the centre for art and culture. These are connected by a souterrain storey which contains the school cafeteria, and entrances from the street and the square. The school grounds are located four meters above street level, which allows the roof of the lower volume to function as a part of the playground., En grundskola i stadsdelen Mariehäll i Stockholm, för årskurs F-5, samt förskola. Skolan ska inhysa cirka 700 elever samt ett uthyrningsbart kulturcentrum. Skolan är placerad centralt i det nybyggda bostadsområdet Annedal, mellan Annedalsparken, Bullerbytorget och Tappvägen. Detta projekt utforskar samspelet mellan arkitekturen och inlärningsmiljön, och syftar till att skapa en skola som möter de behov som finns hos elever med koncentrationssvårigheter. Detta har påverkat orienteringen av byggnaden och lärosalarna, organisationen av planen, samt färgsättning och materialval i de olika rummen. Programmet är uppdelat i två volymer – en som inhyser själva skolan och förskolan, och en som utgörs av administration samt kulturcentrum. Dessa kopplas samman av ett suterrängplan, som innehåller skolrestaurang, samt entréer från torg och gata. Skolgården ligger fyra meter över gatunivån, och den låga volymens tak blir således en del av skolgården.

Japan is facing a great demographic shift, where by 2050 more than 40% of it's inhabitants will be over the age of 65 years. The womens emencipation from the role of stay at home mothers has allowed them to have careers of their own, although a good thing it does not leave a lot of room for starting a family in Japan's hard working climate. This new cultural norm has collided with the the long tradition of family care and Japan is now facing a large cultural collision, where there is a great lack of working solutions for child and senior care. The project suggests a prototypical intergenerational day care center for elderly and children in Tokyos dense now-rise residential neighborhoods. This form of care started being built in America during the 90's and has prooven to provide some of the best care availible for elderly and children., Japan möter i dagsläget ett stort demografiskt skifte, till år 2050 kommer mer än 40% av befolkningen att vara över 65 år gamla. Kvinnornas frigörelse från hemmet har tillåtit dem att påbörja egna arbetsliv och karriärer, vilket inte lämnar mycket rum för att starta egen familj i Japans hårda arbetsklimat. Denna nya kulturella norm har kolliderat med den traditionella familjevården och Japan står idag utan en bra lösning för barn- och äldrevård. Det föreslagna projektet är ett prototypiskt intergenerationellt dagvårdscenter för barn och seniorer i Tokyos täta lågbebyggda bostadsområden. Intergenerationell vård började byggas under 90-talet i USA och har visat sig ge bland den bästa vården tillgänglig för barn och äldre.

Dementia family caregiving is linked with significant negative consequences for caregivers’ psychological and physical health. Even though the term “career” has been used as a metaphor that describes the different caregiving transitions, it is not frequent to find in the caregiving literature information about interventions that may be especially useful in specific caregiving contexts or situations. In this work we review interventions that may help caregivers in different settings. Specifically, we review interventions aimed at training caregivers in self-care strategies, interventions that may help caregivers to optimize day care use, interventions for family caregivers who are in the process of institutionalizing their relative or whose relative is institutionalized and, finally, interventions for bereaved caregivers facing the death of their relative. Considering the important percentage of population who are primary caregivers in our country, and the shortage or resources available to them, it seems very important to devote important efforts and esources to the development, assessment, and implementation of psychological interventions for caregivers, specifically targeted to the different situations and contexts they face., El cuidado familiar de una persona con demencia se asocia con importantes consecuencias negativas para la salud psicológica y física de los cuidadores. Si bien se ha utilizado el término “carrera” como metáfora que permite describir las diferentes etapas por la que suelen pasar las personas que cuidan, la realidad es que no es frecuente en la literatura científica que se realice una distinción sobre intervenciones específicas para las diferentes condiciones contextuales o situacionales en las que se encuentra un cuidador. En el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis de intervenciones específicas que pueden ayudar a los cuidadores en diferentes escenarios. Específicamente, se revisan intervenciones para entrenar a los cuidadores en habilidades para el cuidado y el autocuidado, intervenciones con cuidadores que faciliten y optimicen el uso de centros de día, intervenciones para familias que se encuentren en el proceso de institucionalización del familiar en contextos residenciales y, finalmente, se revisan las posibilidades de actuación psicológica para el afrontamiento del duelo de los cuidadores. Dado el importante número de cuidadores que hay (y habrá) en nuestro país, que contrasta con la escasez de recursos disponibles para cuidadores, parece importante destinar importantes esfuerzos y recursos al desarrollo, evaluación e implantación de intervenciones para cuidadores en los diferentes contextos en los que estos se pueden beneficiar de las mismas

An elementary school in the Stockholm suburb Mariehäll, for children aged 6-11 as well as a daycare centre. The school will cater to approximately 700 students and a centre for art and culture, which will be available to the public. The school is located in the new residential area Annedal, adjacent to the local park and Bullerbytorget. This project explores the correlation between architecture and learning, with the purpose of creating an environment that meets the needs of students with difficulties in concentrating. This has influenced the orientation of the building and the classrooms, the organisation of the plan and the materials and colours used in the various rooms. The program is divided into two volumes – one which houses the actual school and daycare centre, and one which consists of administration and the centre for art and culture. These are connected by a souterrain storey which contains the school cafeteria, and entrances from the street and the square. The school grounds are located four meters above street level, which allows the roof of the lower volume to function as a part of the playground., En grundskola i stadsdelen Mariehäll i Stockholm, för årskurs F-5, samt förskola. Skolan ska inhysa cirka 700 elever samt ett uthyrningsbart kulturcentrum. Skolan är placerad centralt i det nybyggda bostadsområdet Annedal, mellan Annedalsparken, Bullerbytorget och Tappvägen. Detta projekt utforskar samspelet mellan arkitekturen och inlärningsmiljön, och syftar till att skapa en skola som möter de behov som finns hos elever med koncentrationssvårigheter. Detta har påverkat orienteringen av byggnaden och lärosalarna, organisationen av planen, samt färgsättning och materialval i de olika rummen. Programmet är uppdelat i två volymer – en som inhyser själva skolan och förskolan, och en som utgörs av administration samt kulturcentrum. Dessa kopplas samman av ett suterrängplan, som innehåller skolrestaurang, samt entréer från torg och gata. Skolgården ligger fyra meter över gatunivån, och den låga volymens tak blir således en del av skolgården.

The aim of this study was to describe peripheral vascular patients´experiences of quality of care in connection whith ambulatory care, and to identify if ambulatory treatment responded to patients´expectations., Syftet med studien var att beskriva perifert kärlsjuka patienters erfarenheter av vårdkvalitet i samband med dagkirurgisk vård och identifiera om dagkirurgisk behandling motsvarade patienters förväntningar. Detta mättes med hjälp av frågeformuläret Kvalitet Ur Patientens Perspektiv - KUPP. Designen var en beskrivande empirisk studie med kvantitativ ansats. Patienterna valdes konsekutivt och bestod av 47 respondenter (22 män och 25 kvinnor). Samtliga patienter vårdades elektivt där intentionen varit dagsjukvård. Resultatet visade att patienterna generellt varit nöjda med vårdkvaliteten. Balans eller övergod kvalitet skattades på frågor inom dimensionen fysiskt - tekniska förutsättningar och inom dimensionen kontextspecifik där påståenden om dagsjukvård besvarats. Vårdkvaliteten bedömdes även hög vad gäller medicinsk vård och väntetid, läkarens och sjuksköterskans engagemang och visad respekt och att patienterna fått tillräcklig information om själva ingreppet före behandlingen. Brister identifierades vad gäller patienternas erfarenheter av information om resultatet efter behandling. På frågor som berörde läkares och sjukaköterskors empatieka kvaliteter bedömdes vårdkvaliteten vara hög men på andra frågor inom dimensionen identitetsorienterat förhållningssätt bedömdes vårdkvaliteten bristande. detta gällde frågor som berörde information om ansvarig person, delaktighet och information/undervisning i egenvård. Slutsatsen blev att patienterna generellt var nöjda med vårdkvaliteten men att det fanns frågor där kvalitetsförbättrande åtgärder bör ges prioritet.

The aim of this study was to describe peripheral vascular patients´experiences of quality of care in connection whith ambulatory care, and to identify if ambulatory treatment responded to patients´expectations., Syftet med studien var att beskriva perifert kärlsjuka patienters erfarenheter av vårdkvalitet i samband med dagkirurgisk vård och identifiera om dagkirurgisk behandling motsvarade patienters förväntningar. Detta mättes med hjälp av frågeformuläret Kvalitet Ur Patientens Perspektiv - KUPP. Designen var en beskrivande empirisk studie med kvantitativ ansats. Patienterna valdes konsekutivt och bestod av 47 respondenter (22 män och 25 kvinnor). Samtliga patienter vårdades elektivt där intentionen varit dagsjukvård. Resultatet visade att patienterna generellt varit nöjda med vårdkvaliteten. Balans eller övergod kvalitet skattades på frågor inom dimensionen fysiskt - tekniska förutsättningar och inom dimensionen kontextspecifik där påståenden om dagsjukvård besvarats. Vårdkvaliteten bedömdes även hög vad gäller medicinsk vård och väntetid, läkarens och sjuksköterskans engagemang och visad respekt och att patienterna fått tillräcklig information om själva ingreppet före behandlingen. Brister identifierades vad gäller patienternas erfarenheter av information om resultatet efter behandling. På frågor som berörde läkares och sjukaköterskors empatieka kvaliteter bedömdes vårdkvaliteten vara hög men på andra frågor inom dimensionen identitetsorienterat förhållningssätt bedömdes vårdkvaliteten bristande. detta gällde frågor som berörde information om ansvarig person, delaktighet och information/undervisning i egenvård. Slutsatsen blev att patienterna generellt var nöjda med vårdkvaliteten men att det fanns frågor där kvalitetsförbättrande åtgärder bör ges prioritet.

Background: Daycare infants have more infectious episodes, see a physician more often, and are prescribed antibiotics more often than home care infants. Aim: To compare physician consultations and antibiotic prescription in daycare children and home care children taking number of symptom days, sociodemographic factors, concern about infectious illness and antibiotic knowledge into account. Methods: For a cohort of Swedish 18-month-old children all infectious symptoms, physician consultation and antibiotic prescriptions were registered during 1 month. Results: 561 infants with daycare outside the home and 278 with daycare at home were included. Of the daycare infants, 23.2% saw a physician and 11.4% were prescribed antibiotics, as compared with 10.8% physician consultations and 5.0% antibiotic prescription for the home care infants. For daycare infants the crude odds ratio for physician consultation were 2.49 (1.63-3.82) and for antibiotic prescription 2.43 (1.34-4.41) compared with home care infants. However, these differences were no longer statistically significant when background data, concern about infectious illness and reported symptoms were taken into account. Conclusion: When background data, concern about infectious illness and reported infectious symptoms were taken into account daycare infants saw a physician and was prescribed antibiotics in the same way as home care infants © 2007 The Author(s).

Infectious symptoms in infants and their families are common. With rising age the number of symptom day decreases, but increases again for the parents of infants. About one quarter of the symptom days lead to absence from daycare among the infants but the social remuneration system was used by the parents only in 1/3 of the absence days. Among the adults 12% of the symptoms days lead to absence from work and, here the social insurance system was used in 75% of the symptom days. A small proportion of the symptom episodes leads to a physician consultation and antibiotic prescription. The differences in antibiotic prescription to small children between different communities in Sweden could not be explained by differences in reported infectious symptoms, differences in socioeconomic factors, daycare, ?concern about infectious illness? in the family or physician consultations. This indicates that physicians? habits are of importance. Infectious symptoms are more common among infants in daycare than among infants in home care. When infants in daycare are taken to consult a physician they are treated in the same way as infants in home care as regards antibiotic prescription It is possible with little additional effort to inform and train personnel at daycare centres and parents about infections and how they are spread, within the framework of ordinary preschool activities. There was a greater understanding of when a child should be kept at home and when a physician should be consulted. In the small interventional study there was a trend towards lower sickness absence, fewer physician consultations and fewer antibiotic prescriptions to the children.