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31 results on '"Davies, Kevin A."'

1. Adaptability, creativity and ingenuity in disaster education : curriculum challenges in healthcare provision

Author

Davies, Kevin and Kenkre, Joyce

Subjects
375
Abstract

By their very nature disasters are emotive, challenging and dynamic events. This thesis is focused on the education, training and preparedness of healthcare professionals for deployment to some of the most demanding and potentially dangerous areas of the world. Education action research forms the conceptual framework that underpins the articulation of this PhD by portfolio. This thesis explores, analyses and evaluates the evolution of a curriculum that has significantly enhanced the preparation of healthcare professionals within this domain. The assessment phase of this process involved the identification of a dichotomy between the essential preparation of healthcare professionals who had undergone predominantly field based training versus higher education based preparation; neither of which on their own adequately prepared the practitioner for deployment to the field. This subsequently informed the curriculum planning process which was underpinned by the development of an eclectic curriculum focussed on constructivist and situated approaches. A cognitive apprenticeship framework was utilised to articulate the curriculum incorporating modelling of expertise in practice and the progressive Grafting of knowledge and skills for the most demanding of situations that practitioners may face in the field. The three projects presented here centre on the preamble to and evolution of the curriculum, the evaluation of the education strategies employed within the curriculum and students construction of requisite knowledge and skills. The third project focuses on the evaluation of the mandatory field placement where students apply the knowledge constructed in the domains of leadership, strategic and operational management and rigorous evaluation of the healthcare delivered. Graduates of this programme have deployed to every continent on the globe. Their significant contribution in the field of disaster healthcare is evidenced by the multinational roles that they are undertaking. In the true spirit and recursive and cyclical nature of action research these practitioners continue to inform the evolution of this curriculum.

Published
2009

4. Reactions to the National Academies/Royal Society Report on Heritable Human Genome Editing.

Author

Angrist, Misha, Angrist, Misha, Barrangou, Rodolphe, Baylis, Françoise, Brokowski, Carolyn, Burgio, Gaetan, Caplan, Arthur, Chapman, Carolyn Riley, Church, George M, Cook-Deegan, Robert, Cwik, Bryan, Doudna, Jennifer A, Evans, John H, Greely, Henry T, Hercher, Laura, Hurlbut, J Benjamin, Hynes, Richard O, Ishii, Tetsuya, Kiani, Samira, Lee, LaTasha Hoskins, Levrier, Guillaume, Liu, David R, Lunshof, Jeantine E, Macintosh, Kerry Lynn, Mathews, Debra JH, Meslin, Eric M, Mills, Peter HR, Montoliu, Lluis, Musunuru, Kiran, Nicol, Dianne, O'Neill, Helen, Qiu, Renzong, Ranisch, Robert, Sherkow, Jacob S, Soni, Sheetal, Terry, Sharon, Topol, Eric, Williamson, Robert, Zhang, Feng, Davies, Kevin, Angrist, Misha, Angrist, Misha, Barrangou, Rodolphe, Baylis, Françoise, Brokowski, Carolyn, Burgio, Gaetan, Caplan, Arthur, Chapman, Carolyn Riley, Church, George M, Cook-Deegan, Robert, Cwik, Bryan, Doudna, Jennifer A, Evans, John H, Greely, Henry T, Hercher, Laura, Hurlbut, J Benjamin, Hynes, Richard O, Ishii, Tetsuya, Kiani, Samira, Lee, LaTasha Hoskins, Levrier, Guillaume, Liu, David R, Lunshof, Jeantine E, Macintosh, Kerry Lynn, Mathews, Debra JH, Meslin, Eric M, Mills, Peter HR, Montoliu, Lluis, Musunuru, Kiran, Nicol, Dianne, O'Neill, Helen, Qiu, Renzong, Ranisch, Robert, Sherkow, Jacob S, Soni, Sheetal, Terry, Sharon, Topol, Eric, Williamson, Robert, Zhang, Feng, and Davies, Kevin

Abstract

In September 2020, a detailed report on Heritable Human Genome Editing was published. The report offers a translational pathway for the limited approval of germline editing under limited circumstances and assuming various criteria have been met. In this perspective, some three dozen experts from the fields of genome editing, medicine, bioethics, law, and related fields offer their candid reactions to the National Academies/Royal Society report, highlighting areas of support, omissions, disagreements, and priorities moving forward.

Published
2020

5. Two loci, RiAF3 and RiAF4, contribute to the annual-fruiting trait in Rubus

Author

Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment (New Zealand), Jibran, Rubina, Spencer, Jessica, Fernández, Gina, Monfort, Amparo, Mnejja, Mourad, Dzierzon, Helge, Tahir, Jibran, Davies, Kevin, Chagné, David, Foster, Toshi M., Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment (New Zealand), Jibran, Rubina, Spencer, Jessica, Fernández, Gina, Monfort, Amparo, Mnejja, Mourad, Dzierzon, Helge, Tahir, Jibran, Davies, Kevin, Chagné, David, and Foster, Toshi M.

Abstract

Most Rubus species have a biennial cycle of flowering and fruiting with an intervening period of winter dormancy, in common with many perennial fruit crops. Annual-fruiting (AF) varieties of raspberry (Rubus idaeus and Rubus occidentalis L.) and blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus) are able to flower and fruit in one growing season, without the intervening dormant period normally required in biennial-fruiting (BF) varieties. We used a red raspberry (R. idaeus) population segregating for AF obtained from a cross between NC493 and ‘Chilliwack’ to identify genetic factors controlling AF. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used to generate saturated linkage maps in both parents. Trait mapping in this population indicated that AF is controlled by two newly identified loci (RiAF3 and RiAF4) located on Rubus linkage groups (LGs) 3 and 4. The location of these loci was analyzed using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on independent red raspberry and blackberry populations segregating for the AF trait. This confirmed that AF in Rubus is regulated by loci on LG 3 and 4, in addition to a previously reported locus on LG 7. Comparative RNAseq analysis at the time of floral bud differentiation in an AF and a BF variety revealed candidate genes potentially regulating the trait.

Published
2019

6. Hypermobility and sports injury

Author

Nathan, Joseph Alexander, Davies, Kevin, Swaine, Ian, Nathan, Joseph Alexander, Davies, Kevin, and Swaine, Ian

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether there is an association between hypermobility and sports injury. Method: A quantitative observational approach using a cross sectional survey was adopted. Individuals were identified as hypermobile or not. All participants were asked to complete two questionnaires; one asking demographic information; the other injury specific. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results: 114 individuals participated in the study. 62 women and 52 men. 26% of participants were hypermobile. There was no significant association between hypermobility and sports injury (p = 0.66). There was a significant increase in joint and ligament sprain amongst the non-hypermobile (NH) group covering all sports (p = 0.03). Joint dislocation was found exclusively amongst hypermobile individuals. Duration of injury in hypermobile individuals was higher than NH. Oral painkillers or anti-inflammatories in the semi-professional group was greater than the general population. Conclusion: Hypermobility is relatively common amongst individuals and there is a lot of anecdotal evidence associating it with increased rates of injuries. This project finds that NH individuals are more likely to sustain a ligament or joint sprain in sports. This is due to increased joint laxity and flexibility preventing injury. There were important limitations in this study which will be addressed in further work. These limitations include; assessing for pauci-articular hypermobility, focusing on one sport to investigate its association with sports injury in those that were hypermobile or not and it would also be important to focus on one specific joint, assessing it’s flexibility and association with injury

Published
2018

7. Basic Concepts and Current Challenges of Public Health in Humanitarian Action

Author

Heintze, Hans-Joachim, Thielbörger, Pierre, Tellier, Siri, Kiaby, Andreas, Nissen, Lars Peter, Ohlsen, Jonas Torp, Doedens, Wilma, Davies, Kevin, Petersen, Dan Brun, Christensen, Vibeke Brix, Roche, Niall, Heintze, Hans-Joachim, Thielbörger, Pierre, Tellier, Siri, Kiaby, Andreas, Nissen, Lars Peter, Ohlsen, Jonas Torp, Doedens, Wilma, Davies, Kevin, Petersen, Dan Brun, Christensen, Vibeke Brix, and Roche, Niall

Published
2018

8. Davies, Kevin

Author

Davies, Kevin and Davies, Kevin

Published
2018

9. Insights into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha Genome

Author

40202056, 00378770, 70283455, 10839179, 00273433, 30183924, 20805931, 60280939, 60514156, 20598601, 10796163, 00191099, Bowman, John L., Kohchi, Takayuki, Yamato, Katsuyuki T., Jenkins, Jerry, Shu, Shengqiang, Ishizaki, Kimitsune, Yamaoka, Shohei, Nishihama, Ryuichi, Nakamura, Yasukazu, Berger, Frédéric, Adam, Catherine, Yokoyama, Ryusuke, Yoshitake, Yoshihiro, Aki, Shiori Sugamata, Zachgo, Sabine, Schmutz, Jeremy, Althoff, Felix, Araki, Takashi, Arteaga-Vazquez, Mario A., Balasubrmanian, Sureshkumar, Barry, Kerrie, Briginshaw, Liam, Bauer, Diane, Boehm, Christian R., Chen, Feng, Caballero-Perez, Juan, Catarino, Bruno, Chiyoda, Shota, Chovatia, Mansi, Davies, Kevin M., Delmans, Mihails, Demura, Taku, Dierschke, Tom, Dolan, Liam, Florent, Stevie N., Dorantes-Acosta, Ana E., Eklund, D. Magnus, Fukuzawa, Hideya, Flores-Sandoval, Eduardo, Fujiyama, Asao, Galik, Bence, Grimanelli, Daniel, Grimwood, Jane, Grossniklaus, Ueli, Hamada, Takahiro, Haseloff, Jim, Hetherington, Alexander J., Hundley, Hope N., Higo, Asuka, Hirakawa, Yuki, Inoue, Shin-ichiro, Ikeda, Yoko, Inoue, Keisuke, Ishida, Sakiko, Jia, Qidong, Kakita, Mitsuru, Kanazawa, Takehiko, Kawai, Yosuke, Kawashima, Tomokazu, Kennedy, Megan, Kohara, Yuji, Kinose, Keita, Kinoshita, Toshinori, Kopischke, Sarah, Koide, Eri, Komatsu, Kenji, Kubo, Minoru, Kyozuka, Junko, Lagercrantz, Ulf, Lin, Shih-Shun, Lindquist, Erika, Lipzen, Anna M., Lu, Chia-Wei, Minamino, Naoki, De Luna, Efraín, Martienssen, Robert A., Mochizuki, Nobuyoshi, Mizutani, Masaharu, Mizutani, Miya, Monte, Isabel, Mosher, Rebecca, Nagasaki, Hideki, Nakagami, Hirofumi, Naramoto, Satoshi, Nishitani, Kazuhiko, Ohtani, Misato, Phillips, Jeremy, Okamoto, Takashi, Okumura, Masaki, Rövekamp, Moritz, Pollak, Bernardo, Reinders, Anke, Sano, Ryosuke, Sawa, Shinichiro, Schmid, Marc W., Shirakawa, Makoto, Solano, Roberto, Spunde, Alexander, Suetsugu, Noriyuki, Sun, Rui, Sugano, Sumio, Sugiyama, Akifumi, Takezawa, Daisuke, Suzuki, Yutaka, Takenaka, Mizuki, Tomogane, Hirokazu, Tsuzuki, Masayuki, Ueda, Takashi, Umeda, Masaaki, Ward, John M., Watanabe, Yuichiro, Yazaki, Kazufumi, Yotsui, Izumi, 40202056, 00378770, 70283455, 10839179, 00273433, 30183924, 20805931, 60280939, 60514156, 20598601, 10796163, 00191099, Bowman, John L., Kohchi, Takayuki, Yamato, Katsuyuki T., Jenkins, Jerry, Shu, Shengqiang, Ishizaki, Kimitsune, Yamaoka, Shohei, Nishihama, Ryuichi, Nakamura, Yasukazu, Berger, Frédéric, Adam, Catherine, Yokoyama, Ryusuke, Yoshitake, Yoshihiro, Aki, Shiori Sugamata, Zachgo, Sabine, Schmutz, Jeremy, Althoff, Felix, Araki, Takashi, Arteaga-Vazquez, Mario A., Balasubrmanian, Sureshkumar, Barry, Kerrie, Briginshaw, Liam, Bauer, Diane, Boehm, Christian R., Chen, Feng, Caballero-Perez, Juan, Catarino, Bruno, Chiyoda, Shota, Chovatia, Mansi, Davies, Kevin M., Delmans, Mihails, Demura, Taku, Dierschke, Tom, Dolan, Liam, Florent, Stevie N., Dorantes-Acosta, Ana E., Eklund, D. Magnus, Fukuzawa, Hideya, Flores-Sandoval, Eduardo, Fujiyama, Asao, Galik, Bence, Grimanelli, Daniel, Grimwood, Jane, Grossniklaus, Ueli, Hamada, Takahiro, Haseloff, Jim, Hetherington, Alexander J., Hundley, Hope N., Higo, Asuka, Hirakawa, Yuki, Inoue, Shin-ichiro, Ikeda, Yoko, Inoue, Keisuke, Ishida, Sakiko, Jia, Qidong, Kakita, Mitsuru, Kanazawa, Takehiko, Kawai, Yosuke, Kawashima, Tomokazu, Kennedy, Megan, Kohara, Yuji, Kinose, Keita, Kinoshita, Toshinori, Kopischke, Sarah, Koide, Eri, Komatsu, Kenji, Kubo, Minoru, Kyozuka, Junko, Lagercrantz, Ulf, Lin, Shih-Shun, Lindquist, Erika, Lipzen, Anna M., Lu, Chia-Wei, Minamino, Naoki, De Luna, Efraín, Martienssen, Robert A., Mochizuki, Nobuyoshi, Mizutani, Masaharu, Mizutani, Miya, Monte, Isabel, Mosher, Rebecca, Nagasaki, Hideki, Nakagami, Hirofumi, Naramoto, Satoshi, Nishitani, Kazuhiko, Ohtani, Misato, Phillips, Jeremy, Okamoto, Takashi, Okumura, Masaki, Rövekamp, Moritz, Pollak, Bernardo, Reinders, Anke, Sano, Ryosuke, Sawa, Shinichiro, Schmid, Marc W., Shirakawa, Makoto, Solano, Roberto, Spunde, Alexander, Suetsugu, Noriyuki, Sun, Rui, Sugano, Sumio, Sugiyama, Akifumi, Takezawa, Daisuke, Suzuki, Yutaka, Takenaka, Mizuki, Tomogane, Hirokazu, Tsuzuki, Masayuki, Ueda, Takashi, Umeda, Masaaki, Ward, John M., Watanabe, Yuichiro, Yazaki, Kazufumi, and Yotsui, Izumi

Abstract

The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires of signaling pathways, and increased diversity in some transcription factor families. Compared with other sequenced land plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy in most regulatory pathways, with this portion of its genome resembling that predicted for the ancestral land plant.

Published
2017

10. Insights into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha Genome

Author

Bowman, John L, Kohchi, Takayuki, Yamato, Katsuyuki T, Jenkins, Jerry, Shu, Shengqiang, Ishizaki, Kimitsune, Yamaoka, Shohei, Nishihama, Ryuichi, Nakamura, Yasukazu, Berger, Frédéric, Adam, Catherine, Aki, Shiori Sugamata, Althoff, Felix, Araki, Takashi, Arteaga-Vazquez, Mario A, Balasubrmanian, Sureshkumar, Barry, Kerrie, Bauer, Diane, Boehm, Christian R, Briginshaw, Liam, Caballero-Perez, Juan, Catarino, Bruno, Chen, Feng, Chiyoda, Shota, Chovatia, Mansi, Davies, Kevin M, Delmans, Mihails, Demura, Taku, Dierschke, Tom, Dolan, Liam, Dorantes-Acosta, Ana E, Eklund, D. Magnus, Florent, Stevie N, Flores-Sandoval, Eduardo, Fujiyama, Asao, Fukuzawa, Hideya, Galik, Bence, Grimanelli, Daniel, Grimwood, Jane, Grossniklaus, Ueli, Hamada, Takahiro, Haseloff, Jim, Hetherington, Alexander J, Higo, Asuka, Hirakawa, Yuki, Hundley, Hope N, Ikeda, Yoko, Inoue, Keisuke, Inoue, Shin-Ichiro, Ishida, Sakiko, Jia, Qidong, Kakita, Mitsuru, Kanazawa, Takehiko, Kawai, Yosuke, Kawashima, Tomokazu, Kennedy, Megan, Kinose, Keita, Kinoshita, Toshinori, Kohara, Yuji, Koide, Eri, Komatsu, Kenji, Kopischke, Sarah, Kubo, Minoru, Kyozuka, Junko, Lagercrantz, Ulf, Lin, Shih-Shun, Lindquist, Erika, Lipzen, Anna M, Lu, Chia-Wei, De Luna, Efraín, Martienssen, Robert A, Minamino, Naoki, Mizutani, Masaharu, Mizutani, Miya, Mochizuki, Nobuyoshi, Monte, Isabel, Mosher, Rebecca, Nagasaki, Hideki, Nakagami, Hirofumi, Naramoto, Satoshi, Nishitani, Kazuhiko, Ohtani, Misato, Okamoto, Takashi, Okumura, Masaki, Phillips, Jeremy, Pollak, Bernardo, Reinders, Anke, Rövekamp, Moritz, Sano, Ryosuke, Sawa, Shinichiro, Schmid, Marc W, Shirakawa, Makoto, Solano, Roberto, Spunde, Alexander, Suetsugu, Noriyuki, Sugano, Sumio, Sugiyama, Akifumi, Sun, Rui, Suzuki, Yutaka, Takenaka, Mizuki, Takezawa, Daisuke, Tomogane, Hirokazu, Tsuzuki, Masayuki, Ueda, Takashi, Umeda, Masaaki, Ward, John M, Watanabe, Yuichiro, Yazaki, Kazufumi, Yokoyama, Ryusuke, Yoshitake, Yoshihiro, Yotsui, Izumi, Zachgo, Sabine, Schmutz, Jeremy, Bowman, John L, Kohchi, Takayuki, Yamato, Katsuyuki T, Jenkins, Jerry, Shu, Shengqiang, Ishizaki, Kimitsune, Yamaoka, Shohei, Nishihama, Ryuichi, Nakamura, Yasukazu, Berger, Frédéric, Adam, Catherine, Aki, Shiori Sugamata, Althoff, Felix, Araki, Takashi, Arteaga-Vazquez, Mario A, Balasubrmanian, Sureshkumar, Barry, Kerrie, Bauer, Diane, Boehm, Christian R, Briginshaw, Liam, Caballero-Perez, Juan, Catarino, Bruno, Chen, Feng, Chiyoda, Shota, Chovatia, Mansi, Davies, Kevin M, Delmans, Mihails, Demura, Taku, Dierschke, Tom, Dolan, Liam, Dorantes-Acosta, Ana E, Eklund, D. Magnus, Florent, Stevie N, Flores-Sandoval, Eduardo, Fujiyama, Asao, Fukuzawa, Hideya, Galik, Bence, Grimanelli, Daniel, Grimwood, Jane, Grossniklaus, Ueli, Hamada, Takahiro, Haseloff, Jim, Hetherington, Alexander J, Higo, Asuka, Hirakawa, Yuki, Hundley, Hope N, Ikeda, Yoko, Inoue, Keisuke, Inoue, Shin-Ichiro, Ishida, Sakiko, Jia, Qidong, Kakita, Mitsuru, Kanazawa, Takehiko, Kawai, Yosuke, Kawashima, Tomokazu, Kennedy, Megan, Kinose, Keita, Kinoshita, Toshinori, Kohara, Yuji, Koide, Eri, Komatsu, Kenji, Kopischke, Sarah, Kubo, Minoru, Kyozuka, Junko, Lagercrantz, Ulf, Lin, Shih-Shun, Lindquist, Erika, Lipzen, Anna M, Lu, Chia-Wei, De Luna, Efraín, Martienssen, Robert A, Minamino, Naoki, Mizutani, Masaharu, Mizutani, Miya, Mochizuki, Nobuyoshi, Monte, Isabel, Mosher, Rebecca, Nagasaki, Hideki, Nakagami, Hirofumi, Naramoto, Satoshi, Nishitani, Kazuhiko, Ohtani, Misato, Okamoto, Takashi, Okumura, Masaki, Phillips, Jeremy, Pollak, Bernardo, Reinders, Anke, Rövekamp, Moritz, Sano, Ryosuke, Sawa, Shinichiro, Schmid, Marc W, Shirakawa, Makoto, Solano, Roberto, Spunde, Alexander, Suetsugu, Noriyuki, Sugano, Sumio, Sugiyama, Akifumi, Sun, Rui, Suzuki, Yutaka, Takenaka, Mizuki, Takezawa, Daisuke, Tomogane, Hirokazu, Tsuzuki, Masayuki, Ueda, Takashi, Umeda, Masaaki, Ward, John M, Watanabe, Yuichiro, Yazaki, Kazufumi, Yokoyama, Ryusuke, Yoshitake, Yoshihiro, Yotsui, Izumi, Zachgo, Sabine, and Schmutz, Jeremy

Abstract

The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires of signaling pathways, and increased diversity in some transcription factor families. Compared with other sequenced land plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy in most regulatory pathways, with this portion of its genome resembling that predicted for the ancestral land plant. PAPERCLIP.

Published
2017
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11. Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida

Author

Bombarely, Aureliano, Moser, Michel, Amrad, Avichai, Bao, Manzhu, Bapaume, Laure, Barry, Cornelius S., Bliek, Mattijs, Boersma, Maaike R., Borghi, Lorenzo, Bruggmann, Remy, Bucher, Marcel, D'Agostino, Nunzio, Davies, Kevin, Druege, Uwe, Dudareva, Natalia, Egea-Cortines, Marcos, Delledonne, Massimo, Fernandez-Pozo, Noe, Franken, Philipp, Grandont, Laurie, Heslop-Harrison, J. S., Hintzsche, Jennifer, Johns, Mitrick, Koes, Ronald, Lv, Xiaodan, Lyons, Eric, Malla, Diwa, Martinoia, Enrico, Mattson, Neil S., Morel, Patrice, Mueller, Lukas A., Muhlemann, Joelle, Nouri, Eva, Passeri, Valentina, Pezzotti, Mario, Qi, Qinzhou, Reinhardt, Didier, Rich, Melanie, Richert-Poeggeler, Katja R., Robbins, Tim P., Schatz, Michael C., Schranz, M. Eric, Schuurink, Robert C., Schwarzacher, Trude, Spelt, Kees, Tang, Haibao, Urbanus, Susan L., Vandenbussche, Michiel, Vijverberg, Kitty, Villarino, Gonzalo H., Warner, Ryan M., Weiss, Julia, Yue, Zhen, Zethof, Jan, Quattrocchio, Francesca, Sims, Thomas L., Kuhlemeier, Cris, Bombarely, Aureliano, Moser, Michel, Amrad, Avichai, Bao, Manzhu, Bapaume, Laure, Barry, Cornelius S., Bliek, Mattijs, Boersma, Maaike R., Borghi, Lorenzo, Bruggmann, Remy, Bucher, Marcel, D'Agostino, Nunzio, Davies, Kevin, Druege, Uwe, Dudareva, Natalia, Egea-Cortines, Marcos, Delledonne, Massimo, Fernandez-Pozo, Noe, Franken, Philipp, Grandont, Laurie, Heslop-Harrison, J. S., Hintzsche, Jennifer, Johns, Mitrick, Koes, Ronald, Lv, Xiaodan, Lyons, Eric, Malla, Diwa, Martinoia, Enrico, Mattson, Neil S., Morel, Patrice, Mueller, Lukas A., Muhlemann, Joelle, Nouri, Eva, Passeri, Valentina, Pezzotti, Mario, Qi, Qinzhou, Reinhardt, Didier, Rich, Melanie, Richert-Poeggeler, Katja R., Robbins, Tim P., Schatz, Michael C., Schranz, M. Eric, Schuurink, Robert C., Schwarzacher, Trude, Spelt, Kees, Tang, Haibao, Urbanus, Susan L., Vandenbussche, Michiel, Vijverberg, Kitty, Villarino, Gonzalo H., Warner, Ryan M., Weiss, Julia, Yue, Zhen, Zethof, Jan, Quattrocchio, Francesca, Sims, Thomas L., and Kuhlemeier, Cris

Abstract

Petunia hybrida is a popular bedding plant that has a long history as a genetic model system. We report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of inbred derivatives of its two wild parents, P. axillaris N and P. inflata S6. The assemblies include 91.3% and 90.2% coverage of their diploid genomes (1.4 Gb; 2n = 14) containing 32,928 and 36,697 protein-coding genes, respectively. The genomes reveal that the Petunia lineage has experienced at least two rounds of hexaploidization: the older gamma event, which is shared with most Eudicots, and a more recent Solanaceae event that is shared with tomato and other solanaceous species. Transcription factors involved in the shift from bee to moth pollination reside in particularly dynamic regions of the genome, which may have been key to the remarkable diversity of floral colour patterns and pollination systems. The high-quality genome sequences will enhance the value of Petunia as a model system for research on unique biological phenomena such as small RNAs, symbiosis, self-incompatibility and circadian rhythms.

Published
2016

12. Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida

Author

Swiss National Science Foundation, 0000-0002-6489-5566, 0000-0001-5652-5015, Bombarely, Aureliano, Moser, Michel, Amrad, Avichai, Bao, Manzhu, Bapaume, Laure, Barry, Cornelius S, Bliek, Mattijs, Boersma, Maaike R, Borghi, Lorenzo, Bruggmann, Rémy, Bucher, Marcel, D'Agostino, Nunzio, Davies, Kevin, Druege, Uwe, Dudareva, Natalia, Egea-Cortines, Marcos, Delledonne, Massimo, Fernández-Pozo, Noé, Franken, Philipp, Grandont, Laurie, Heslop-Harrison, J S, Hintzsche, Jennifer, Johns, Mitrick, Koes, Ronald, Lv, Xiaodan, Lyons, Eric, Malla, Diwa, Martinoia, Enrico, Mattson, Neil S, Morel, Patrice, Mueller, Lukas A, Muhlemann, Joëlle, Nouri, Eva, Passeri, Valentina, Pezzotti, Mario, Qi, Qinzhou, Reinhardt, Didier, Rich, Melanie, Richert-Pöggeler, Katja R, Robbins, Tim P, Schatz, Michael C, Schranz, M Eric, Schuurink, Robert C, Schwarzacher, Trude, Spelt, Kees, Tang, Haibao, Urbanus, Susan L, Vandenbussche, Michiel, Vijverberg, Kitty, Villarino, Gonzalo H, Warner, Ryan M, Weiss, Julia, Yue, Zhen, Zethof, Jan, Quattrocchio, Francesca, Sims, Thomas L, Kuhlemeier, Cris, Swiss National Science Foundation, 0000-0002-6489-5566, 0000-0001-5652-5015, Bombarely, Aureliano, Moser, Michel, Amrad, Avichai, Bao, Manzhu, Bapaume, Laure, Barry, Cornelius S, Bliek, Mattijs, Boersma, Maaike R, Borghi, Lorenzo, Bruggmann, Rémy, Bucher, Marcel, D'Agostino, Nunzio, Davies, Kevin, Druege, Uwe, Dudareva, Natalia, Egea-Cortines, Marcos, Delledonne, Massimo, Fernández-Pozo, Noé, Franken, Philipp, Grandont, Laurie, Heslop-Harrison, J S, Hintzsche, Jennifer, Johns, Mitrick, Koes, Ronald, Lv, Xiaodan, Lyons, Eric, Malla, Diwa, Martinoia, Enrico, Mattson, Neil S, Morel, Patrice, Mueller, Lukas A, Muhlemann, Joëlle, Nouri, Eva, Passeri, Valentina, Pezzotti, Mario, Qi, Qinzhou, Reinhardt, Didier, Rich, Melanie, Richert-Pöggeler, Katja R, Robbins, Tim P, Schatz, Michael C, Schranz, M Eric, Schuurink, Robert C, Schwarzacher, Trude, Spelt, Kees, Tang, Haibao, Urbanus, Susan L, Vandenbussche, Michiel, Vijverberg, Kitty, Villarino, Gonzalo H, Warner, Ryan M, Weiss, Julia, Yue, Zhen, Zethof, Jan, Quattrocchio, Francesca, Sims, Thomas L, and Kuhlemeier, Cris

Abstract

Petunia hybrida is a popular bedding plant that has a long history as a genetic model system. We report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of inbred derivatives of its two wild parents, P. axillaris N and P. inflata S6. The assemblies include 91.3% and 90.2% coverage of their diploid genomes (1.4 Gb; 2n = 14) containing 32,928 and 36,697 protein-coding genes, respectively. The genomes reveal that the Petunia lineage has experienced at least two rounds of hexaploidization: the older gamma event, which is shared with most Eudicots, and a more recent Solanaceae event that is shared with tomato and other solanaceous species. Transcription factors involved in the shift from bee to moth pollination reside in particularly dynamic regions of the genome, which may have been key to the remarkable diversity of floral colour patterns and pollination systems. The high-quality genome sequences will enhance the value of Petunia as a model system for research on unique biological phenomena such as small RNAs, symbiosis, self-incompatibility and circadian rhythms.

Published
2016

13. In the Solanaceae, a hierarchy of bHLHs confer distinct target specificity to the anthocyanin regulatory complex

Author

Montefiori, Mirco, Brendolise, Cyril, Dare, Andrew, Lin-Wang, Kui, Davies, Kevin, Hellens, Roger, Allan, Andrew, Montefiori, Mirco, Brendolise, Cyril, Dare, Andrew, Lin-Wang, Kui, Davies, Kevin, Hellens, Roger, and Allan, Andrew

Abstract

The anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway is regulated by a transcription factor complex consisting of an R2R3 MYB, a bHLH, and a WD40. Although R2R3 MYBs belonging to the anthocyanin-activating class have been identified in many plants, and their role well elucidated, the subgroups of bHLH implicated in anthocyanin regulation seem to be more complex. It is not clear whether these potential bHLH partners are biologically interchangeable with redundant functions, or even if heterodimers are involved. In this study, AcMYB110, an R2R3 MYB isolated from kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) showing a strong activation of the anthocyanin pathway in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) was used to examine the function of interacting endogenous bHLH partners. Constitutive expression of AcMYB110 in tobacco leaves revealed different roles for two bHLHs, NtAN1 and NtJAF13. A hierarchical mechanism is shown to control the regulation of transcription factors and consequently of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Here, a model is proposed for the regulation of the anthocyanin pathway in Solanaceous plants in which AN1 is directly involved in the activation of the biosynthetic genes, whereas JAF13 is involved in the regulation of AN1 transcription.

Published
2015

14. Failure to launch: the self-regulating Md-MYB10 R6gene from apple is active in flowers but not leaves of Petunia

Author

Boase, Murray, Brendolise, Cyril, Wang, Lei, Ngo, Hahn, Espley, Richard, Hellens, Roger, Schwinn, Kathy, Davies, Kevin, Albert, Nick, Boase, Murray, Brendolise, Cyril, Wang, Lei, Ngo, Hahn, Espley, Richard, Hellens, Roger, Schwinn, Kathy, Davies, Kevin, and Albert, Nick

Abstract

Coloured foliage due to anthocyanin pigments (bronze/red/black) is an attractive trait that is often lacking in many bedding, ornamental and horticultural plants. Apples (Malus × domestica) containing an allelic variant of the anthocyanin regulator, Md-MYB10R6, are highly pigmented throughout the plant, due to autoregulation by MYB10 upon its own promoter. We investigated whether Md-MYB10R6 from apple is capable of functioning within the heterologous host Petunia hybrida to generate plants with novel pigmentation patterns. The Md-MYB10R6 transgene (MYB10–R6pro:MYB10:MYB10term) activated anthocyanin synthesis when transiently expressed in Antirrhinumroseadorsea petals and petunia leaf discs. Stable transgenic petunias containing Md-MYB10R6 lacked foliar pigmentation but had coloured flowers, complementing the an2 phenotype of ‘Mitchell’ petunia. The absence of foliar pigmentation was due to the failure of the Md-MYB10R6 gene to self-activate in vegetative tissues, suggesting that additional protein partners are required for Md-MYB10 to activate target genes in this heterologous system. In petunia flowers, where endogenous components including MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) proteins were present, expression of the Md-MYB10R6 promoter was initiated, allowing auto-regulation to occur and activating anthocyanin production. Md-MYB10 is capable of operating within the petunia MBW gene regulation network that controls the expression of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, AN1 (bHLH) and MYBx (R3-MYB repressor) in petals.

Published
2015

15. Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics in savanna vegetation phenology across the North Australian Tropical Transect

Author

Ma, Xuanlong, Huete, Alfredo, Yu, Qiang, Coupe, Natalia, Davies, Kevin, Broich, Mark, Ratana, Piyachat, Beringer, Jason, Hutley, Lindsay, Cleverly, James, Boulain, Nicolas, Eamus, Derek, Ma, Xuanlong, Huete, Alfredo, Yu, Qiang, Coupe, Natalia, Davies, Kevin, Broich, Mark, Ratana, Piyachat, Beringer, Jason, Hutley, Lindsay, Cleverly, James, Boulain, Nicolas, and Eamus, Derek

Published
2013

16. An R2R3 MYB transcription factor determines red petal colour in an Actinidia (kiwifruit) hybrid population

Author

Fraser, Lena, Seal, Alan, Montefiori, Mirco, McGhie, Tony, Tsang, Gianna, Datson, Paul, Hilario, Elena, Marsh, Hinga, Dunn, Juanita, Hellens, Roger, Davies, Kevin, McNeilage, Mark, De Silva, H, Allan, Andrew, Fraser, Lena, Seal, Alan, Montefiori, Mirco, McGhie, Tony, Tsang, Gianna, Datson, Paul, Hilario, Elena, Marsh, Hinga, Dunn, Juanita, Hellens, Roger, Davies, Kevin, McNeilage, Mark, De Silva, H, and Allan, Andrew

Abstract

Background Red colour in kiwifruit results from the presence of anthocyanin pigments. Their expression, however, is complex, and varies among genotypes, species, tissues and environments. An understanding of the biosynthesis, physiology and genetics of the anthocyanins involved, and the control of their expression in different tissues, is required. A complex, the MBW complex, consisting of R2R3-MYB and bHLH transcription factors together with a WD-repeat protein, activates anthocyanin 3-O-galactosyltransferase (F3GT1) to produce anthocyanins. We examined the expression and genetic control of anthocyanins in flowers of Actinidia hybrid families segregating for red and white petal colour. Results Four inter-related backcross families between Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. chinensis and Actinidia eriantha Benth. were identified that segregated 1:1 for red or white petal colour. Flower pigments consisted of five known anthocyanins (two delphinidin-based and three cyanidin-based) and three unknowns. Intensity and hue differed in red petals from pale pink to deep magenta, and while intensity of colour increased with total concentration of anthocyanin, no association was found between any particular anthocyanin data and hue. Real time qPCR demonstrated that an R2R3 MYB, MYB110a, was expressed at significant levels in red-petalled progeny, but not in individuals with white petals. A microsatellite marker was developed that identified alleles that segregated with red petal colour, but not with ovary, stamen filament, or fruit flesh colour in these families. The marker mapped to chromosome 10 in Actinidia. The white petal phenotype was complemented by syringing Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying Actinidia 35S::MYB110a into the petal tissue. Red pigments developed in white petals both with, and without, co-transformation with Actinidia bHLH partners. MYB110a was shown to directly activate Actinidia F3GT1 in transient assays. Conclusions The transcription factor, MYB110a, reg

Published
2013

17. Optimising the use of electronic health records to estimate the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in primary care:what information is hidden in free text?

Author

Ford, Elizabeth, Nicholson, Amanda, Koeling, Rob, Tate, A Rosemary, Carroll, John, Axelrod, Lesley, Smith, Helen E, Rait, Greta, Davies, Kevin A, Petersen, Irene, Williams, Tim, Cassell, Jackie A, Ford, Elizabeth, Nicholson, Amanda, Koeling, Rob, Tate, A Rosemary, Carroll, John, Axelrod, Lesley, Smith, Helen E, Rait, Greta, Davies, Kevin A, Petersen, Irene, Williams, Tim, and Cassell, Jackie A

Abstract

Primary care databases are a major source of data for epidemiological and health services research. However, most studies are based on coded information, ignoring information stored in free text. Using the early presentation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as an exemplar, our objective was to estimate the extent of data hidden within free text, using a keyword search.

Published
2013

18. Optimising use of electronic health records to describe the presentation of rheumatoid arthritis in primary care:a strategy for developing code lists

Author

Nicholson, Amanda, Ford, Elizabeth, Davies, Kevin A, Smith, Helen E, Rait, Greta, Tate, A Rosemary, Petersen, Irene, Cassell, Jackie, Nicholson, Amanda, Ford, Elizabeth, Davies, Kevin A, Smith, Helen E, Rait, Greta, Tate, A Rosemary, Petersen, Irene, and Cassell, Jackie

Abstract

Research using electronic health records (EHRs) relies heavily on coded clinical data. Due to variation in coding practices, it can be difficult to aggregate the codes for a condition in order to define cases. This paper describes a methodology to develop 'indicator markers' found in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA); these are a broader range of codes which may allow a probabilistic case definition to use in cases where no diagnostic code is yet recorded.

Published
2013

19. Hawaii Energy and Environmental Technologies (HEET) Initiative

Author

HAWAII UNIV HONOLULU SCHOOL OF OCEAN AND EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Rocheleau, Richard E., Bethune, Keith, Davies, Kevin, Virji, Maheboob, Antal, Jr, Michael J., Cooney, Michael J., Liaw, Bor Yann, Masutani, Stephen M., HAWAII UNIV HONOLULU SCHOOL OF OCEAN AND EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Rocheleau, Richard E., Bethune, Keith, Davies, Kevin, Virji, Maheboob, Antal, Jr, Michael J., Cooney, Michael J., Liaw, Bor Yann, and Masutani, Stephen M.

Abstract

This report covers efforts by the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute of the University of Hawaii under the ONR-funded HEET Initiative that addresses critical technology needs for exploration/utilization of seabed methane hydrates and development/testing of advanced fuel cells and fuel cell systems. Methane hydrates work included: hydrate thermochemistry and kinetics; environmental impacts of methane release from seafloor hydrates; hydrate engineering applications; and international collaborative R&D. For fuel cells accomplishments included: test stand and infrastructure upgrades to the Hawaii Fuel Cell Test Facility; work on understanding the S02 contamination mechanism and S02 contamination recovery; preliminary testing of Protonex H2/air stacks under pure oxygen in support of NUWC; and fuel contamination efforts via a Modelica model which worked with previous experimental results of CO poisoning. Fuel processing and purification work included testing of a reverse-vortex-flow non-thermal plasma reactor to study methane reforming. Further work was also carried out with novel fuel cell concepts including biocarbons and bio-fuel cells.

Published
2010

20. Identification of Mendel's white flower character

Author

Hellens, Roger, Moreau, Carol, Lin-Wang, Kui, Schwinn, Kathy, Thomson, Susan, Fiers, Mark, Frew, Tonya, Murray, Sarah, Hofer, Julie, Jacobs, Jeanne, Davies, Kevin, Allan, Andrew, Bendahmane, Abdelhafid, Coyne, Clarice, Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail, Ellis, Noel, Hellens, Roger, Moreau, Carol, Lin-Wang, Kui, Schwinn, Kathy, Thomson, Susan, Fiers, Mark, Frew, Tonya, Murray, Sarah, Hofer, Julie, Jacobs, Jeanne, Davies, Kevin, Allan, Andrew, Bendahmane, Abdelhafid, Coyne, Clarice, Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail, and Ellis, Noel

Abstract

Background The genetic regulation of flower color has been widely studied, notably as a character used by Mendel and his predecessors in the study of inheritance in pea. Methodology/Principal Findings We used the genome sequence of model legumes, together with their known synteny to the pea genome to identify candidate genes for the A and A2 loci in pea. We then used a combination of genetic mapping, fast neutron mutant analysis, allelic diversity, transcript quantification and transient expression complementation studies to confirm the identity of the candidates. Conclusions/Significance We have identified the pea genes A and A2. A is the factor determining anthocyanin pigmentation in pea that was used by Gregor Mendel 150 years ago in his study of inheritance. The A gene encodes a bHLH transcription factor. The white flowered mutant allele most likely used by Mendel is a simple G to A transition in a splice donor site that leads to a mis-spliced mRNA with a premature stop codon, and we have identified a second rare mutant allele. The A2 gene encodes a WD40 protein that is part of an evolutionarily conserved regulatory complex.

Published
2010

21. Reaction Volumes of Photoinitiated Reactions, and Their Use As Probes of Reactive Intermediates

Author

Davies, Kevin William and Davies, Kevin William

Abstract

Photoacoustic calorimetry is a sensitive method for measuring the enthalpies, kinetics, and changes in volumes for reactions that generate transient intermediates through photoexcitation. This work focuses on building a better understanding of ΔVrxn, to ascertain the importance of accounting for ΔVrxn when measuring enthalpies of reaction via photoacoustic methods. ΔVrxn for three metal carbonyls has been measured. The results presented herein show that to obtain high-quality thermochemical information from photoacoustic measurements, it is necessary to account for the contribution of ΔVrxn. Neither the magnitude nor the sign of this contribution may be predicted without either the direct measurement of ΔVrxn or (as an outcome of the research described in this dissertation) computationally. Failure to account for this contribution may results in errors in the measured ΔHrxn by as much as 79% [e.g. (CH3OC)Mn(CO)5 in octane].This dissertation also lays the groundwork for the use of ΔVrxn to distinguish between possible structures of short-lived intermediates though a combination of photoacoustic measurements and computational chemistry. A protocol is described that will allow molecular dynamics simulations to be used to determine the solvated volume of a molecule, and to combine several of these measurements to allow the volume change accompanying a reaction to be determined computationally. Simulations conducted via this protocol are in good agreement with our experimental results. These simulations will allow experimental results to provide a new window into the nature of short-lived intermediates, and the mechanistic of their reactions. Several unsuccessful molecular dynamics simulations are also described in order to identify cases where simulations may not provide accurate data and how these issues may be addressed.

Published
2009

22. Betalains

Author

Davies Kevin M, (ed.), Zrÿd JP, Christinet, L, Davies Kevin M, (ed.), Zrÿd JP, and Christinet, L

Published
2004

24. Warren County Courthouse

Author

Burnworth, Terry; Kronewitter, Brian; Nix, Jerome; Munn, Eric; Jakalski, Jef; Voight, John; West, Dave; McDonald, James; Strycker, Jeff; Davies, Kevin W.; Ball State University. College of Architecture and Planning, Royer, Jospeh William, 1873-1954, Burnworth, Terry; Kronewitter, Brian; Nix, Jerome; Munn, Eric; Jakalski, Jef; Voight, John; West, Dave; McDonald, James; Strycker, Jeff; Davies, Kevin W.; Ball State University. College of Architecture and Planning, and Royer, Jospeh William, 1873-1954

Abstract

Measured drawings., State Road 28 at Monroe, This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Published
1907

25. Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida

Author

Bombarely, Aureliano, Moser, Michel, Amrad, Avichai, Bao, Manzhu, Bapaume, Laure, Barry, Cornelius S., Bliek, Mattijs, Boersma, Maaike R., Borghi, Lorenzo, Bruggmann, Rémy, Bucher, Marcel, D'Agostino, Nunzio, Davies, Kevin, Druege, Uwe, Dudareva, Natalia, Egea-Cortines, Marcos, Delledonne, Massimo, Fernandez-Pozo, Noe, Franken, Philipp, Grandont, Laurie, Heslop-Harrison, J. S., Hintzsche, Jennifer, Johns, Mitrick, Koes, Ronald, Lv, Xiaodan, Lyons, Eric, Malla, Diwa, Martinoia, Enrico, Mattson, Neil S., Morel, Patrice, Mueller, Lukas A., Muhlemann, Joëlle, Nouri, Eva, Passeri, Valentina, Pezzotti, Mario, Qi, Qinzhou, Reinhardt, Didier, Rich, Melanie, Richert-Pöggeler, Katja R., Robbins, Tim P., Schatz, Michael C., Schranz, M. Eric, Schuurink, Robert C., Schwarzacher, Trude, Spelt, Kees, Tang, Haibao, Urbanus, Susan L., Vandenbussche, Michiel, Vijverberg, Kitty, Villarino, Gonzalo H., Warner, Ryan M., Weiss, Julia, Yue, Zhen, Zethof, Jan, Quattrocchio, Francesca, Sims, Thomas L., Kuhlemeier, Cris, Bombarely, Aureliano, Moser, Michel, Amrad, Avichai, Bao, Manzhu, Bapaume, Laure, Barry, Cornelius S., Bliek, Mattijs, Boersma, Maaike R., Borghi, Lorenzo, Bruggmann, Rémy, Bucher, Marcel, D'Agostino, Nunzio, Davies, Kevin, Druege, Uwe, Dudareva, Natalia, Egea-Cortines, Marcos, Delledonne, Massimo, Fernandez-Pozo, Noe, Franken, Philipp, Grandont, Laurie, Heslop-Harrison, J. S., Hintzsche, Jennifer, Johns, Mitrick, Koes, Ronald, Lv, Xiaodan, Lyons, Eric, Malla, Diwa, Martinoia, Enrico, Mattson, Neil S., Morel, Patrice, Mueller, Lukas A., Muhlemann, Joëlle, Nouri, Eva, Passeri, Valentina, Pezzotti, Mario, Qi, Qinzhou, Reinhardt, Didier, Rich, Melanie, Richert-Pöggeler, Katja R., Robbins, Tim P., Schatz, Michael C., Schranz, M. Eric, Schuurink, Robert C., Schwarzacher, Trude, Spelt, Kees, Tang, Haibao, Urbanus, Susan L., Vandenbussche, Michiel, Vijverberg, Kitty, Villarino, Gonzalo H., Warner, Ryan M., Weiss, Julia, Yue, Zhen, Zethof, Jan, Quattrocchio, Francesca, Sims, Thomas L., and Kuhlemeier, Cris

Abstract

Petunia hybrida is a popular bedding plant that has a long history as a genetic model system. We report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of inbred derivatives of its two wild parents, P. axillaris N and P. inflata S6. The current assemblies include 91.3% and 90.2% coverage of their diploid genomes (1.4 Gb; 2n=14) containing 32,928 and 36,697 protein-coding genes, respectively. The Petunia lineage has experienced at least two rounds of paleohexaploidization, the older gamma hexaploidy event, which is shared with other Eudicots, and the more recent Solanaceae paleohexaploidy event that is shared with tomato and other Solanaceae species. Transcription factors that were targets of selection during the shift from bee- to moth pollination reside in particularly dynamic regions of the genome, which may have been key to the remarkable diversity of floral color patterns and pollination systems. The high quality genome sequences will enhance the value of Petunia as a model system for basic and applied research on a variety of unique biological phenomena.

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26. Floral, resin-secreting trichomes in Maxillaria dichroma Rolfe (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae)

Author

Stpiczyńska, Małgorzata, Davies, Kevin L., Stpiczyńska, Małgorzata, and Davies, Kevin L.

Abstract

Resin-secreting, sunken, glandular trichomes have been described from the vegetative organs of Maxillaria and certain related taxa. However, until now, these hairs have not been recorded for Maxillaria flowers, nor have they been examined at the ultrastructural level for any part of the plant. Here for the first time, these hairs are described using LM, SEM and TEM, and their possible functions discussed.

27. Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida

Author

Bombarely, Aureliano, Moser, Michel, Amrad, Avichai, Bao, Manzhu, Bapaume, Laure, Barry, Cornelius S., Bliek, Mattijs, Boersma, Maaike R., Borghi, Lorenzo, Bruggmann, Rémy, Bucher, Marcel, DAgostino, Nunzio, Davies, Kevin, Druege, Uwe, Dudareva, Natalia, Egea-Cortines, Marcos, Delledonne, Massimo, Fernandez-Pozo, Noe, Franken, Philipp, Grandont, Laurie, Heslop-Harrison, J. S., Hintzsche, Jennifer, Johns, Mitrick, Koes, Ronald, Lv, Xiaodan, Lyons, Eric, Malla, Diwa, Martinoia, Enrico, Mattson, Neil S., Morel, Patrice, Mueller, Lukas A., Muhlemann, Joëlle, Nouri, Eva, Passeri, Valentina, Pezzotti, Mario, Qi, Qinzhou, Reinhardt, Didier, Rich, Melanie, Richert-Pöggeler, Katja R., Robbins, Tim P., Schatz, Michael C., Schranz, M. Eric, Schuurink, Robert C., Schwarzacher, Trude, Spelt, Kees, Tang, Haibao, Urbanus, SusanL., Vandenbussche, Michiel, Vijverberg, Kitty, Villarino, Gonzalo H., Warner, RyanM., Weiss, Julia, Yue, Zhen, Zethof, Jan, Quattrocchio, Francesca, Sims, Thomas L., Kuhlemeier, Cris, Bombarely, Aureliano, Moser, Michel, Amrad, Avichai, Bao, Manzhu, Bapaume, Laure, Barry, Cornelius S., Bliek, Mattijs, Boersma, Maaike R., Borghi, Lorenzo, Bruggmann, Rémy, Bucher, Marcel, DAgostino, Nunzio, Davies, Kevin, Druege, Uwe, Dudareva, Natalia, Egea-Cortines, Marcos, Delledonne, Massimo, Fernandez-Pozo, Noe, Franken, Philipp, Grandont, Laurie, Heslop-Harrison, J. S., Hintzsche, Jennifer, Johns, Mitrick, Koes, Ronald, Lv, Xiaodan, Lyons, Eric, Malla, Diwa, Martinoia, Enrico, Mattson, Neil S., Morel, Patrice, Mueller, Lukas A., Muhlemann, Joëlle, Nouri, Eva, Passeri, Valentina, Pezzotti, Mario, Qi, Qinzhou, Reinhardt, Didier, Rich, Melanie, Richert-Pöggeler, Katja R., Robbins, Tim P., Schatz, Michael C., Schranz, M. Eric, Schuurink, Robert C., Schwarzacher, Trude, Spelt, Kees, Tang, Haibao, Urbanus, SusanL., Vandenbussche, Michiel, Vijverberg, Kitty, Villarino, Gonzalo H., Warner, RyanM., Weiss, Julia, Yue, Zhen, Zethof, Jan, Quattrocchio, Francesca, Sims, Thomas L., and Kuhlemeier, Cris

Abstract

Petunia hybrida is a popular bedding plant that has a long history as a genetic model system. We report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of inbred derivatives of its two wild parents, P. axillaris N and P. inflata S6. The assemblies include 91.3% and 90.2% coverage of their diploid genomes (1.4 Gb; 2n = 14) containing 32,928 and 36,697 protein-coding genes, respectively. The genomes reveal that the Petunia lineage has experienced at least two rounds of hexaploidization: the older gamma event, which is shared with most Eudicots, and a more recent Solanaceae event that is shared with tomato and other solanaceous species. Transcription factors involved in the shift from bee to moth pollination reside in particularly dynamic regions of the genome, which may have been key to the remarkable diversity of floral colour patterns and pollination systems. The high-quality genome sequences will enhance the value of Petunia as a model system for research on unique biological phenomena such as small RNAs, symbiosis, self-incompatibility and circadian rhythms.

28. Effects of oxidative stress on expression and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in primary human monocytes

Author

Alberts, Ben, Mullen, Lisa, Davies, Kevin A., and Ghezzi, Pietro

Abstract

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine and an important component of innate immunity. However, overproduction of IL-1β is implicated in a number of autoinflammatory diseases. The discovery of the nucleotide binding oligomerisation domain (NOD)-like receptor containing a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome provided crucial insight into how IL-1β processing is regulated, but despite decades of research the exact mechanisms by which the inflammasome can be activated are not fully understood. One hypothesis is that increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as occurs during oxidative stress, leads to activation of the inflammasome but the available data are contradictory. The association between inflammation and oxidative stress is well-known and it is possible that the NLRP3 inflammasome could function as an important mechanistic link between ROS, oxidative stress and inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of ROS in NLRP3 activation in primary human monocytes - an innate immune cell that extravasates into inflamed tissues and secretes IL-1β, thus playing a significant role in innate immunity, inflammation and disease. ROS production was measured in primary human monocytes that were exposed to monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals together with toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand Pam3Csk4. Both type of crystal induced NLRP3- dependent IL-1β secretion, but only MSU induced significant increases in ROS, suggesting that the production of ROS is not necessary for inflammasome activation. These findings were subsequently confirmed using small molecule antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes which inhibited ROS production but had no effect on MSU-induced IL-1β secretion. The effects of more subtle changes in redox homeostasis on the activation of NLRP3 were then assessed. Uric acid is one of the major antioxidants in the blood and when present at high concentrations is the greatest risk factor for the development of gout - an inflammatory disease driven by MSU-induced IL-β secretion. Uric acid had no effect on activation of the inflammasome nor did it influence gene expression of inflammasome components in human monocytes. Although differences were observed in antioxidant capacity in sera and monocytes from individuals with gout, chronic kidney disease and rheumatoid arthritis, there were no correlations between intra- or extracellular redox state and IL-1b secretion from monocytes, suggesting that inflammasome activation is redox-independent. The results of this work demonstrate that activation of NLRP3 in primary human monocytes is not affected by ROS and thus the inflammasome is unlikely to be redox-regulated in these cells. This is an important finding for understanding the complex relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress, and indicates that this relationship is not always causal in nature in human monocytic cells.

Published
2019

29. Understanding late diagnosis of HIV in people aged 50 and above

Author

Youssef, Elaney Karima, Wright, Juliet, Davies, Kevin A., De-Visser, Richard, and Delpech, Valerie

Subjects
616.97
Abstract

Background: Despite a decrease in the number of new HIV diagnoses in the UK generally, the number and proportion of new diagnoses among individuals aged ≥50 years have continued to increase. This group are disproportionately affected by late diagnosis, and poorer health outcomes. Primary aim: To better understand the reasons for late diagnosis of HIV in people aged ≥50 years. Methods: Four studies were undertaken: a secondary data analysis of national surveillance data; a systematic review of literature; a qualitative study with patients diagnosed late with HIV aged ≥50 years; and a qualitative study with clinicians who had been involved in the care of a patient participant in the three years prior to their HIV diagnosis. Results: Late diagnosis, and increased morbidity and short-term mortality are associated with an HIV diagnosis in older age. Individuals diagnosed in older age are more ethnically diverse, and the majority likely acquired HIV in the UK regardless of region of birth. Seven patient-related themes were identified as associated with undergoing testing for HIV in older age: experience of early HIV/AIDS campaigns; knowledge prior to HIV diagnosis; presence of symptoms and symptom attribution; risk and risk perception; generational approach to health and sexual health; stigma; type of testing and testing venue. Seven clinician-related themes associated with offering HIV tests to an older patient were identified: knowledge; stigma; stereotyping and perception of risk; symptom attribution; discussing HIV with patients; consent procedures; practical issues. Conclusion: There are several unique factors associated with undergoing HIV testing in older age including: a double burden of stigma associated with a diagnosis in older age; lower risk perception often as a result of perceived asexuality in older age; outdated HIV-related knowledge; and misattribution of symptoms, often to something age-related. Successful interventions will have to address both patient- and clinician-related factors.

Published
2019

30. Bone mineral status and renal tubular dysfunction in HIV-positive men

Author

Samarawickrama, Amanda and Davies, Kevin A.

Abstract

Background: As HIV-positive patients live longer, they are experiencing age-related comorbidities, including bone and renal disease. The aetiology is multifactorial, comprising traditional and HIV-related factors, including antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, whether reduced bone mineral density (BMD) translates into a higher fracture risk remains unclear. Aims: My main aim in my thesis was to conduct a cross-sectional study with changes over time to investigate BMD and renal tubular dysfunction (RTD) in a relatively homogenous group of white, ART-experienced HIV-positive men in the UK, who were mostly men who have sex with men (MSM) and mainly on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). The aims I investigated were: 1. The prevalence and risk factors associated with reduced BMD at baseline and the change in BMD over 12 months and the factors associated with loss of BMD. 2. The utility of the FRAX® score and peripheral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (pDXA) as screening tools. 3. The utility of albumin/protein ratio (APR) in differentiating RTD from other proteinuria and the relationship between RTD and bone. Methods: I designed a prospective cohort study of HIV-positive men attending an HIV outpatient clinic. Participants underwent central DXA (cDXA) and pDXA, fasting blood and urine tests (including bone turnover markers [BTMs] and retinol binding protein creatinine ratio [RBPCR]) and completed a questionnaire at baseline and at 12 months. Results: I found a low prevalence of reduced BMD. Mainly ‘traditional’ risk factors were associated with reduced BMD. The change seen in absolute BMD at 12 months was small, reflecting the short follow-up period. The only factor associated with a greater than smallest detectable difference (SDD) reduction in BMD was a detectable HIV viral load. FRAX® was not sensitive enough as a screening tool, and pDXA was slightly more sensitive, although combining FRAX® and pDXA was not much better than FRAX® alone. RTD prevalence was too low to conduct meaningful analyses. Overall, 20.7% had RBPCR-defined RTD and there was a borderline association between severe RTD and BMD at the lumbar spine, but not with BTMs. Conclusions: In my cohort of mainly white, ART-experienced (mainly exposed to TDF) HIVpositive MSM in the UK, the prevalences of reduced BMD and RTD were low. The factors associated with reduced BMD were mainly ‘traditional’ factors and probably reflects a ‘return to health’ with ART in these men. There was not much change in BMD over 12 months, which is probably reflective of the short follow-up period. Using FRAX® and pDXA may be useful as screening tools, but further work is needed before any firm conclusions can be made in this cohort. Although one-fifth had RBPCR-defined RTD, the clinical significance of these findings and the impact on bone health is yet to be fully elucidated.

Published
2018

31. Impact of medication-related harm in older adults following hospital discharge

Author

Parekh, Nikesh, Ali, Khalid, Rajkumar, Chakravarthi, Davies, Kevin A., Bremner, Stephen, and Ward, Elizabeth

Abstract

Reducing medication-related harm (MRH) is a World Health Organisation patient safety campaign, with transitions of care a focus. Medication-related harm includes adverse drug reactions, and harm from poor adherence and medication errors. The aim of my research was to investigate the epidemiology of MRH in older adults (≥65 years) following hospital discharge, and examine if this harm can be predicted. The thesis consists of six data chapters based on three studies. The first was a systematic review of studies internationally that investigated the incidence of MRH in older patients following hospital discharge. No studies had been conducted in the UK, and methodological heterogeneity of the included studies limited the scope to draw conclusions on the burden of MRH post-discharge. The second study was qualitative, involving semi-structured interviews and focus groups with a purposive sample of independent and housebound older adults. This research explored the lived experience and impact of MRH on patients, and risk factors from the patient perspective. Four predominant themes around patient experience of the healthcare system, practicalities of using medicines, management of medication problems and personal beliefs were identified. The third study was a multicentre, prospective cohort study of 1280 older patients discharged from five hospitals in England. This cohort was followed up for eight weeks to identify MRH and associated health service utilisation, using three data sources; hospital readmissions, patient interviews and primary care records. Out of 1116 patients that completed follow-up, 37% experienced MRH and half the cases were potentially preventable. High-risk medicine groups were opiates, antibiotics, and benzodiazepines. The cost to the National Health Service of healthcare use due to MRH was estimated at £396 million annually. An investigation of whether discharging doctors in hospitals could predict the occurrence of MRH showed no association between the prediction and outcome, irrespective of clinical experience. Using data from the PRIME study, a risk prediction tool was developed through a multivariable stepwise regression using Akaike's Information Criterion. The tool was internally validated using a bootstrap resampling method and has a discrimination C-statistic of 0.66 with good calibration. The tool now requires external validation prior to clinical implementation.

Published
2018

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