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Australia has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and part of that commitment is the enactment of the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000 (Cth) (the REE Act). This article focuses on the Australian renewable Energy Target and how the REE Act impacts on the electrical generation industry to dilute greenhouse gas emissions. The research examines the market of trading ‘carbon credits’ produced under the provisions of the REE Act, which are known as Renewable Energy Credits (RECs), and views this as a taxation and subsidisation system. It aims to develop a clear understanding of the operations of the REE Act: how the REC system interacts with Australia’s two other main taxes – Income Tax and Goods and Services Tax; and how the trade in RECs may be treated in the accounts of the respective trading entities – the liable parties and the renewable energy electricity generators.

Michael J Fliotsos,1 Donovan Stephen Reed,2 Gregory Giles,3 Adam HH Altman,2 Joseph A Santamaria,2 Sidra Zafar,1 Darrel K Carlton,3 Anthony J Johnson,3 Brett W Davies,2 Gary L Legault,3,4 Fasika A Woreta,1 Grant A Justin3,4 1Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Wilford Hall Eye Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; 4Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USACorrespondence: Michael J FliotsosWilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USATel +1-260-409-7314Email michael.fliotsos@yale.eduPurpose: To describe the frequency and type of eye injuries in fighters in mixed martial arts (MMA) competition.Methods: Fight result data were collected from the Nevada Athletic Commission database from 2001 to 2020. Any fighters in a professional mixed martial arts (MMA) contest with an eye injury were included. Main outcome measures included frequency and rate of eye injuries per fight and the types of eye injuries. Secondary outcome measures were gender, laterality, decision type, and length of no-contact recommended.Results: Of the 256 MMA events in the database, 187 events (73.3%) had at least one eye injury. Of a total 2208 fights at these events, there were 363 fighters who sustained 369 eye injuries, with the yearly rate of eye injuries per 100 fighters ranging from 2.56 to 12.22. The most common injuries were eyebrow and eyelid lacerations (n=160, 43%), lacerations around the eye (n=98, 27%), and orbital fractures (n=62, 17%). Most eye injuries were right sided (n=197, 53.3%) and the majority of fighters with eye injuries lost their match (n=228, 62.8%). Fifty-seven fighters were recommended for further ophthalmology clearance after the match. The most common reasons for recommended ophthalmology follow

Changes in population trends mean that practitioners working in Australian hospital health care settings provide services for an increasingly diverse multicultural consumer base. As population trending diversifies, emerging patterns of health care call for expanded consumer engagement in ongoing patient care management, especially in relation to chronic health conditions. This increases the need to embed culturally relevant practices and to engage in effective partnership with diverse consumers, communities and professionals across the continuum of health care. In this context, health care services and staff must adapt, accessing new knowledge and developing skills and capability to ensure effectiveness. Hospital placements for social work students have potential to provide students with opportunities to develop knowledge and skills for recognising and responding to emerging client needs and contexts. To explore this potential, a hospital social work department and a state-wide social work and welfare clinical education program partnered with an Australian university to design a placement for students to work with Maori and Pasifika people accessing a specialist hospital renal care unit. The design engaged students in integrative learning which developed their abilities to make connections between research and practice knowledge and skills to address challenges, needs, and organisational goals with a specific client group. This article reports on findings from a study of student experiences of integrative learning on placement.