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The Influence of the German Language on Czech and Upper Sorbian Phraseology: Czech-Upper Sorbian Parallels The article is an attempt to assess the influence of the German language on Czech and Upper Sorbian phraseology. Research on this topic is motivated by the fact of the very long contact of Czech and the constant contact of Upper Sorbian with German, as well as Upper Sorbian-Czech contacts. The study analyses idioms of German origin in contemporary Upper Sorbian and Czech languages – primarily calques, but also semi-calques and idioms containing a German component. A separate place is devoted to the so-called winged words of German origin belonging to the phraseological resources of these two languages. The collected material shows that all the mentioned types of idioms significantly enrich these resources. Wpływ języka niemieckiego na czeską i górnołużycką frazeologię: czesko-górnołużyckie paralele Artykuł jest próbą oceny wpływu języka niemieckiego na czeską i górnołużycką frazeologię. Do podjęcia tego tematu skłania bardzo długi kontakt czeszczyzny i stały kontakt górnołużycczyzny z językiem niemieckim, a także kontakty górnołużycko-czeskie. Przedmiotem analizy są frazeologizmy pochodzenia niemieckiego we współczesnych językach górnołużyckim i czeskim – przede wszystkim kalki, ale także półkalki i frazeologizmy zawierające komponent niemiecki. Osobne miejsce poświęca się tzw. skrzydlatym słowom pochodzenia niemieckiego należącym do zasobów frazeologicznych tych dwóch języków. Zgromadzony materiał pokazuje, że wszystkie wymienione typy frazeologizmów istotnie te zasoby wzbogacają.

Does the Presuppositional Imperfective Exist in Russian (and Slavic)? This paper discusses data which are problematic for the hypothesis that the presupposition that an action has taken place directly motivates the use of the imperfective aspect in statements of fact in Russian, and by extension in other Slavic languages. It argues that while imperfective statements of fact occur in presuppositional contexts, such usage is instead motivated by particular semantic elements/discourse effects, such as the construal of a situation as an aterminative process or as repeatable, construals which also motivate non-presuppositional imperfective statements of fact. Similarly, it discusses cases of presuppositional perfective usage, which are likewise triggered by semantic elements that have been independently motivated for non-presuppositional perfective usage. It is further suggested that presuppositional imperfectives can be explained as cases in which the speaker ignores the original causal chain of an action and mentions the event with some orthogonal purposes in mind. In contrast, the perfective tracks the event in its originally intended causal chain. Lastly, it presents data indicating that presuppositional imperfectives in Czech and Croatian reflect the construal of an action as a process. Czy w języku rosyjskim (i słowiańszczyźnie) istnieje imperfektyw presupozycyjny? W artykule omówiono dane, które są problematyczne z punktu widzenia hipotezy, że presupozycja, iż działanie miało miejsce, bezpośrednio motywuje użycie aspektu niedokonanego w stwierdzeniach faktu w języku rosyjskim, a tym samym w innych językach słowiańskich. Autor argumentuje, że imperfektywne stwierdzenia faktu występują w kontekstach presupozycyjnych, a takie użycie jest motywowane przez określone elementy semantyczne / efekty dyskursu, takie jak interpretacja sytuacji jako procesu aterminatywnego lub powtarzalnego, co również motywuje niepresupozycyjne imperfektywne stwierdzenia faktu. Omówione zo

Závěrečná práce doplňkového pedagogického studia je zaměřena na přípravu učebního textu zaměřeného na české národní obrození. Učební text je určen pro předmět český jazyk a literatura k využití na druhém stupni základních škol. Cílem této závěrečné práce je představit žákům klíčové události, nejvýznamnější osobnosti a díla, která s tímto obdobím souvisejí, a poskytnout jim tak komplexní pohled na jeho význam a vliv na vývoj naší kultury. Práce je rozdělena na teoretickou a praktickou část a vlastní didaktický rozbor navrženého didaktického textu., The final thesis of the supplementary pedagogical study is focused on the preparation of a teaching text focused on the Czech National Revival. The text is intended for the subject of Czech language and literature to be used at the lower-secondary schools. The aim of this thesis is to present to pupils the key events, the most important figures and works related to this period and in this way to provide a comprehensive view of its significance and influence on the development of our culture. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts and the actual didactic analysis of the proposed didactic text.

This article investigates kynonyms, which constitute one of the most prominent categories of zoonyms. The research material was obtained with the use of an 11-point survey and encompasses the West-Slavic languages: Polish, Czech and Slovak. The study aims to indicate the core tendencies in how dogs are named in these languages, as well as potential regularities or inconsistencies therein. The article encompasses a theoretical component, a discussion on terminology and an exploration of the research material (through semantic and formal means). Most kynonyms are created through the use of: names or surnames of fictional characters known from television and films; pragmatic names; and a characteristic of the animal itself. Only approximately 6.5% of the researchmaterial includes the names derived through word formation; the other names involve metaphorical references. The study also incorporates a stratification of the dog’s image; however, the only correlation uncovered was the relationship between the race of the dog (small or large) and the type of accommodation in which that dog stayed., This article investigates kynonyms, which constitute one of the most prominent categories of zoonyms. The research material was obtained with the use of an 11-point survey and encompasses the West-Slavic languages: Polish, Czech and Slovak. The study aims to indicate the core tendencies in how dogs are named in these languages, as well as potential regularities or inconsistencies therein. The article encompasses a theoretical component, a discussion on terminology and an exploration of the research material (through semantic and formal means). Most kynonyms are created through the use of: names or surnames of fictional characters known from television and films; pragmatic names; and a characteristic of the animal itself. Only approximately 6.5% of the researchmaterial includes the names derived through word formation; the other names involve metaphorical references. The study also incorporates a stratification of the dog’s image; however, the only correlation uncovered was the relationship between the race of the dog (small or large) and the type of accommodation in which that dog stayed.

The focus of this chapter is the possible dehumanization or infra-humanization of transgender individuals through grammatical means in the Czech language. This language is rich in these features and uses a grammatical gender for persons (not based on the sex of a subject), as opposed to some, more commonly studied, languages (like English) that mark gender exclusively in pronouns. The research questions concern whether there is any misgendering by morphosyntactic means, and if so, how it is constructed, but also how misgendering is constructed, if not by morphosyntactic means. The material consists of four corpora, one in-group, one out-group, one with news texts and one with online posts of different kinds. To detect cases of misgendering in our corpora the authors look at morphosyntactic alignment within the same clauses as well as in a wider context. The result shows that the neuter pronoun ‘it’, or other neuter misgenderings, are rarely used for trans persons in Czech. Misgendering is constructed mainly by subject–predicate disagreement, but also by predicative nouns such as ‘trans men are women’. When looking for insulting expressions in Czech, the search strategy might thus require complementary parameters compared to e.g. English, enhancing the search for specific morphosyntactic features.

This article takes a bird’s eye view on how positive or negative sentiments in the news press about countries and nationality nouns seem to reflect the country’s general income groups. The study focuses on the four income groups classified by the World Bank and their co-occurrence with positively and negatively classified adjectives from the Subjectivity Lexicon for Czech. A search in the journalistic subcorpus of the SYN series, release 8 of the Czech National Corpus, results in a time line covering three decades. Previous research on subjectivity has either focused on other parts of the Subjectivity Lexicon or on fewer adjectives from other languages. In this article, it is argued that the income groups are treated in descending order, i.e. the higher the income, the more positive the sentiment. Even when the most influential groups in the top and bottom are removed, the result remains. A discourse concerning global war and peace, and the security of different nations, is also revealed as a result.

Named Entity Recognition (NER) focuses on finding named entities in text and classifying them into one of the entity types. Modern state-of-the-art NER approaches avoid using hand-crafted features and rely on feature-inferring neural network systems based on word embeddings. The paper analyzes the impact of different aspects related to word embeddings on the process and results of the named entity recognition task in Czech, which has not been investigated so far. Various aspects of word vectors preparation were experimentally examined to draw useful conclusions. The suitable settings in different steps were determined, including the used corpus, number of word vectors dimensions, used text preprocessing techniques, context window size, number of training epochs, and word vectors inferring algorithms and their specific parameters. The paper demonstrates that focusing on the process of word vectors preparation can bring a significant improvement for NER in Czech even without using additional language independent and dependent resources., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Abstrakt z międzynarodowej konferencji Komisji Słowotwórczej przy Międzynarodowym Komitecie Slawistów "Słowotwórstwo w przestrzeni komunikacyjnej" (Warszawa, 8-10.09.2020) ‒ zadanie finansowane przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w ramach konkursu Doskonała nauka.

Drawing its methodological inspiration from A History of New Modernism. Czech Literature, 1905–1923 (2010), this study aims to present the development of Czech literature over the course of a single year: 1929. The objective, however, is not to portray the literary events and literary production of this year in the manner of a chronicle, nor in their entirety, but to capture certain ‘nodal’ characteristics of the imagination and literary language. There is one event that allows the author to take this approach — i.e. to identify themes, images and figures that are typical of the artistic discourse of the period —, namely the publication of Richard Weiner’s The Barber-Surgeon. The themes, motives, and figures found in this text (dream and dream writing, language, failure, literary polemics) constitute a point of departure for grasping the dominant features of a literary period which is otherwise rather amorphous. By virtue of Weiner’s poetics, a thread of sense begins to emerge, and eventually the ‘story’ or ‘drama’ of 1929, out of the re-constructed configurations and correlations of several different literary texts. Through its ‘otherness’, Weiner’s ‘dream poetics’ separated itself from the universalizing aesthetic concept of its time, thus falling ‘out of the picture’ from the perspective of literary history. By contrast, the author considers it as the central feature of a network of relations among a number of texts published in 1929: the short story AM from Jakub Deml’s collection My Purgatory; the poem The New Icarus by Konstantin Biebl; Karel Čapek’s Tales from Two Pockets; Jaroslav Durych’s essay on Poetics; and Vladislav Vančura’s novel The Last Judgement. The themes and figures under consideration here — poetics, dreams, dream writing and literary polemics — are all related to the writer’s self-consciousness in the creative process and the attention paid by the writer to material elements of the work. This manifests itself as an interest in the question of

The Swedish modal verbs böra and töra are very often lost in translation. This is an overview of 100 years of translations of these verbs in fictional texts from Swedish to Czech, using InterCorp version 11 from the Czech National Corpus in comparison with dictionaries from the 20th and 21st centuries as well as some findings from selected Swedish Korp corpora. When comparing the corpus results with some of the larger, and a few smaller, dictionaries, it becomes clear why any new Swedish–Czech dictionary would need to take corpus findings into account. A brief comparison between fiction and non-fiction also shows that especially the verb töra is used more often in e.g. instructional and administrative text types, which leaves room for improvement both in research and in lexicography.

This article describes the development of the linguistic situation in the border region of Těšín Silesia throughout its history, with particular emphasis on the so-called ponašymu – a mixed language code used in the Czech part of the region. It is based on a random combination of forms of the traditional Těšín dialect with the standard Czech language and, to a lesser extent, elements borrowed from the Polish and Slovak languages and from neighbouring Moravian dialects. An important element of the study is the analysis of selected material collected by the author during fieldwork in August 2018., Artykuł opisuje rozwój sytuacji językowej w pogranicznym regionie Śląska Cieszyńskiego na przestrzeni dziejów, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tzw. ponašymu – mieszanego kodu językowego używanego w czeskiej części regionu. Oparty jest on na dowolnym łączeniu form tradycyjnego śląskiego dialektu cieszyńskiego ze standardowym językiem czeskim i w mniejszym stopniu elementami zapożyczonymi z języka polskiego, słowackiego i sąsiednich gwar morawskich. Ważnym elementem pracy jest analiza wybranych materiałów zebranych przeze mnie w trakcie badań terenowych w sierpniu 2018 r.

This article deals with cognitive aspects of artistic translation based on the example of translations of Herta Müller’s oeuvre into Polish and Czech. The reader of Herta Müller’s novels in translation seeks to get to know / acquaint onself with otherness in / through translation, which will be familiar to him or her in a manner consistent with the idiomaticity of the source language. Cognitive values are especially present in the topic offered by Herta Müller, that is, what living in a communist dictatorship means: constant fear of the secret police, reporting to authorities, individual incapacitation, censorship, thus — topics known to Czech and Polish readers from their own history.

The article is devoted to Russian, Polish and Czech univerbs with “universal” suffixes -K(q)/-k(a), -oeK(q)/-owk(q)/ -ovk(q) detected using the search engines YANDEX and GOOGLE. The thematic groups of the univerbs are examined in a comparative plan, the peculiarities of the univerbs are revealed, the “clean” and “complicated” types of the univerbation are defined.

The reviewed book examines Polish, Czech, Slovak (partially), and Russian proper names of various onomastic classes related to the sphere of railway: namely, anthroponyms (especially nicknames), names of animals, names of railway terminals, stations and other place names, names of trains, locomotives, cars, railway lines, and other chrematonyms. All onomastic units are classifi ed as formal or informal, each group characterized by its own specifi city of usage, linguistic and cultural semantics. The book consists of an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter discusses the works by Czech, Slovak, Polish, and Russian onomatologists focused on the functioning of names in communication practices related to the railway sphere. The second chapter analyses the offi cial names of objects on the railway. The third chapter deals with informal names related to rail transport. A thorough analysis of the origins of railway onyms and their variations in folk speech is based on a profound knowledge of the functions of these onomastic units in the social space of the four peoples, which constitutes a valuable contribution to Slavic ethnolinguistics. The book may serve as an example for describing peculiar traits of railway onomastics intrinsic to other Slavic peoples and undertaking a further study of proper names used on the railway in Russia., Рецензируемая книга посвящена анализу польских, чешских, словацких (отчасти) и русских собственных имен различных ономастических разрядов, связанных с деятельностью железной дороги: рассматриваются антропонимы (прежде всего прозвища), зоонимы, названия вокзалов и станций и другие топонимы, названия поездов, локомотивов, вагонов, железнодорожных линий и другие хрематонимы. Все ономастические единицы разделяются на официальные и неофициальные, каждая из групп обладает спецификой функционирования и лингвокультурной семантики. Монография состоит из введения, трех глав и заключения. В первой главе анализируются труды чешских, словацких, польских и российских ономатологов, касающиеся вопросов функционирования онимов при железнодорожных коммуникациях. Вторая глава посвящена анализу официальных названий объектов на железной дороге. В третьей главе рассматриваются неофициальные названия, связанные с железнодорожными перевозками. Обстоятельный анализ возникновения железнодорожных онимов и их варьирования в народной речи опирается на глубокое знание функций этих ономастических единиц в социальном пространстве четырех народов, что является вкладом в славянскую этнолингвистику. Книга может послужить образцом для описания железнодорожной ономастики других славянских народов и более глубокого изучения имен собственных, функционирующих на железной дороге в России.

This article addresses the toponymy of the North Bohemian city of Most, Czech Republic, and its development during the second half of the 20th century. The city of Most makes a unique case, as the old city, first documented in the 11th century, was demolished between 1964 and 1982 to pave the way for coal mining, and replaced by a new one of the same name built by 1987 to the south of the original city area. The article focuses on the urban toponymy of the newly built city of Most (a typical example of a Socialist modernist city), particularly on unoffi cial (popular) forms of urban names as compared to offi cial street name forms, on the transfer of place names and chrematonyms from the old city to the new one, and on the role of place names in the preservation and creation of the local identity and collective memory. The author shows that the support for saving the old city memory on behalf of the state and local authorities has been a threefold initiative implemented through the conservation of the city name, the transfer of street names, and the use of chrematonyms (mostly names of pubs) specific to the old city. The analysis of urban place names is based on archival sources (predominantly maps), on a fi eld survey, and on individual and group face-to-face interviews with inhabitants of the city performed in the course of 2014 and 2015., Статья посвящена топонимии города Мост (Северная Богемия, Чешская республика) и ее эволюции на протяжении второй половины ХХ в. В историческом плане рассматриваемый случай уникален: по решению властей в 1964–1982 гг. исторический город Мост, известный с XI в., был разрушен, чтобы освободить место для угольных шахт. Одновременно с этим к 1987 г. к югу от местоположения исторического Моста был построен новый город с тем же названием. В статье рассматривается топонимия вновь построенного города, являющего собой типичный пример социалистического модерна, и в особенности — функционирование неофициальных (народных) топонимов, рассматриваемых в сопоставлении с официальными урбанонимами. При этом автор уделяет особое внимание феномену переноса топонимов и хрематонимов из старого города в новый, а также роли топонимии в формировании и поддержании местной идентичности и коллективной памяти. Автор показывает, что сохранению памяти о старом городе способствовали инициативы государственной и местной власти, а именно: сохранение названия старого города, перенос некоторых названий улиц, а также использование хрематонимов (в основном названий питейных заведений), характерных для разрушенного Моста. Анализ топонимии основан на изучении архивных данных (главным образом карт), полевых исследованиях автора, а также индивидуальных и групповых интервью с жителями города, проведенных в 2014–2015 гг.

Review: Jana Marková, Religiöse Konzepte im tschechischen nationalen Diskurs (1860–1885), Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim – Zürich – New York 2016, 371 pp.The article reviews a book, which analyzes a portion of Czech national discourse of the second half of the 19th century, looking into the vocabulary it used to express concepts characteristic of the discourse of religion. The research material is constituted by the Czech texts from the period, concerning mostly two events of great importance to the Czech national movement. One of the events was the 1868 laying of the foundation stone for the National Theatre in Prague; the other – the 1873 centennial of the lexicographer, writer and linguist Josef Jungmann. Rec.: Jana Marková, Religiöse Konzepte im tschechischen nationalen Diskurs (1860–1885), Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim – Zürich – New York 2016, 371 ss.Artykuł stanowi recenzję książki, w której przedstawiono analizę tekstów będących częścią czeskiego dyskursu narodowego drugiej połowy XIX wieku pod kątem zawartego w nim słownictwa, które wyraża pojęcia charakterystyczne dla dyskursu religijnego. Materiału badawczego dostarczają pochodzące z epoki czeskojęzyczne teksty, które dotyczą głównie dwóch wydarzeń o doniosłym znaczeniu dla czeskiego ruchu narodowego. Pierwszym z nich jest uroczyście obchodzona ceremonia położenia w 1868 roku kamienia węgielnego pod budowę gmachu Teatru Narodowego w Pradze, drugim – przypadający w 1873 roku jubileusz stulecia urodzin leksykografa, pisarza i językoznawcy Josefa Jungmanna.

In the article we pay special attention to the presence of Czech female writing in Poland after 1989. In the latest Czech literature, women are becoming more and more significant. In recent years, books by Czech female writers, particularly of a young generation, have been translated. Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of field, capital and habitus, the article is concerned with the role of a translator as an active agent in literary communication.

The article deals with linguistic aspects of a Czech Biblical text originating in the period of the beginning of the Czech National Revival which has until recently been entirely forgotten. The text is a Tetraevangelion written by a Catholic priest František Novotný from Luže (1768–1826), an almost forgotten contemporary and collaborator of the great representatives of the Czech National Revival Josef Dobrovský and Josef Jungmann. Novotný was an expert on Latin, Greek, Church Slavonic and old and new Czech (he was also the author of the early grammar of Czech that was published in Czech). His four Gospels in Czech, published in 1810–1811, belong to the “learning type” translations. It continues the Czech Biblical translation tradition (at the turn of the 19th century represented primarily by the translation of the New Testament and of the entire Bible by František Faustin Procházka, which followed mainly the baroque Catholic St Wenceslas Bible and the Kralice Bible of the Moravian brethren), but has many specific features. The article focuses on the phenomenon that manifested itself (during the author's research of Novotný's text lasting several years) as its main and most interesting trait, namely, a strong influence of the Church Slavonic Biblical text, which is an absolutely rare phenomenon at the beginning of the Czech National Revival. The author, confronting the previous Biblical translation tradition with Novotný’s, reveals a number of innovations that were materialised in Novotný's translation and whose origin in the Church Slavonic Bible is certain or at least very probable. The innovations concern various levels of linguistic description, mainly syntax and lexicon, but also word formation and morphology. The most interesting of Novotný’s novelties is his usage of the adjectival past participle ending with -(v)ší, since this category was introduced into literary Czech in the period of the Czech Revival. It is also important that Church Slavonic is, with hig

The paper focuses on the scope of application of univerbation in new compound and quasicompound formations in Czech. The analysis is based on the comparison of parallel occurrence of multiple-word and one-word names (fotopapir - fotograficky papm, profiarmada - profesionalni armada) in representative corpora of the Czech National Corpus. The usage of multi-word names, potentially motivated one-word names, in the interpretation of semantics in monolingual (neological) dictionaries is considered a supportive criterion to evaluate analysed names as possible results of univerbation. The aim of the paper is also to assess (quasi)compound formation in terms of pattern (model) formation.

The purpose of this research is to introduce a typology of immigrant Slavic dialects spoken in the Russian Federation. The paper deals with two Czech and two Polish dialects located in the Northern Caucasus and in Siberia and with the West Ukrainian patois of Siberian Hollanders. The author outlines primarily the in ternal linguistic typology of those patois, including a comparative structural analysis. All of the dialects examined here show good preservation of their original dialectal systems and, at the same time, they have been strongly influenced by their language surroundings, first and foremost by regional varieties of Russian. In some aspects of their systems, however, certain developments indi cate evidence of the relatively high vitality of these patois.

The paper reviews the recent book by Marina Valentsova The Folk Calendar of Czechs and Slovaks investigating into the lexicographic, semantic, genetic and structural aspects of the study of folk calendar. The book pays special attention to Czech and Slovak chrononymy and, thus, is of interest for onomatologists. The reviewer acknowledges the abundance of the studied linguistic and ethno-cultural data retrieved from a large number of sources including those previously unpublished and describes the Czech and Slovak dictionaries presented in the book under review: according to the reviewer, one of the author's achievements is the elaboration of the structure of an encyclopedic article most appropriate for the ethnolinguistic interpretation of lexis. Such a structure enables not only to elicit the linguistic links of calendar terms, but also to describe the corresponding realia and their relations. The other parts of the book that discuss the key issues in the study of Czech and Slovak calendar terminology appear to be of no less value. All the studied materials are divided into fi ve groups: chrononyms as such; names of rites and ritual actions; names of ritual objects; names of actors; names of calendar folk elements. The author gives a comprehensive description of formal, semantic and symbolic properties of common nouns and proper names constituting these fi ve groups of lexis, focusing on the comparative analysis of the Czech and Slovak traditions. The reviewed work is characterized as an innovative research that offers new challenges for scholars from various fi elds of humanities., В рецензии представлен обзор монографии М. М. Валенцовой «Народный календарь чехов и словаков. Этнолингвистический аспект», в котором специальное внимание уделяется вопросам чешской и словацкой хрононимии. Подробно рассматривается структура работы, описывается ее объект (календарная терминология чехов и словаков, в том числе хрононимия) и предмет (лексикографический и семантический, символический, генетический, структурный аспекты изучения народного календаря). Отмечается богатство исследуемого языкового и этнокультурного материала. Высоко оценивается широкий охват источников материала, в том числе неопубликованных. Дается описание представленных в книге чешского и словацкого этнолингвистических словарей. Важной заслугой М. М. Валенцовой стала разработка структуры энциклопедической словарной статьи, наиболее подходящей для интерпретации этнокультурной лексики. Подобная микроструктура позволяет не только выявить языковые связи календарной терминологии, но и детально описать сами реалии и их отношения. Не менее ценными видятся и остальные разделы книги, в которых обозначены ключевые проблемы в изучении чешской и словацкой календарной терминологии и хрононимии. Весь материал разбивается на пять таксономических групп: собственно хрононимы; названия обрядов и обрядовых действий; названия обрядовых предметов; наименования исполнителей; названия календарных фольклорных элементов. Дается характеристика формальных и семантико-символических особенностей выделенных групп проприальной и апеллятивной лексики. Особое внимание уделяется сопоставительному изучению чешской и словацкой традиций. Рецензируемая монография отличается новизной и научной многогранностью и открывает множество перспектив для ученых из разных гуманитарных сфер.

The purpose of the paper is to show the problem of strategies in the political discourse of Presidents of the Czech Republic – Vaclav Havel and Vaclav Klaus and justify their use. This article is devoted to the study of means of manipulative influence in political discourse. The material of the study are articles by V. Havel and V. Klaus and Korpus DIALOG (National academy of sciences of the Czech Republic), published at different times (from 1990 to 2013).

The article deals with the Internet influence on the thinking of today's students and the formation of verbal-semantic level of the language personality structure. In comparative retrospective, linguistic elements of the zero model of language personality are presented. The linguistic personality is interpreted by the authors as a layer model consisting of three levels, each of which changes the effects of the overall content of the given language person. The students are expected to start the 21st century by being inevitably influenced by various electronic technologies, especially the Internet. The research was conducted on particular groups of international students., El artículo trata de la influencia de Internet sobre el pensamiento de los estudiantes contemporáneos y la formación del nivel léxico-semántico (NLS) en la estructura de la personalidad lingüística. Por la retrospección comparativa se presentan elementos lingüísticos del nivel cero del modelo (NLS) de la personalidad lingüística. Los autores del artículo describen la personalidad lingüística como un modelo de tres niveles. Los cambios que transcurren en cada nivel influyen el contenido completo de la personalidad lingüística. Se supone que en los principios del siglo XXI, los estudiantes están bajo la influencia de las tecnologías de información las que se propagan por Internet. El artículo analiza los ejemplos de la investigación de la personalidad lingüística realizada en grupos de los estudiantes universitarios de varios países

This article deals with the relevance of paratexts in translation based on the example of the afterword in the Czech translation of Herta Müller’s novel Herztier [The Land of Green Plums], titled Srdce bestie and written by Radka Denemarková, a writer and translator famous not only in her homeland. Firstly, the elucidation analyses the essentials of paratext as such, pointing out that translation is a specific type of paratext itself, not to mention the translator’s afterword which, in turn, constitutes — from the point of view of translation — another paratext. Furthermore, the attention of the reader is directed to the different functions of the afterword, especially as a commentary on the translator’s choices and, consequently, as an insight into the worldview inscribed into the original language. Thereby, a particular interest is paid to the translator who, in view of her literary predispositions that are clearly visible not only in the afterword, could be described as the “second author”. Finally, one of the most important issues is the very specific language used by the writer Herta Müller as she describes trivial things in an extraordinary way, using words in completely unexpected meanings and contexts.

Lucie Saicová Římalová The axiosphere of the child´s soul in the discourse of young mothers Values are often transferred by parents to children, therefore it is important to know what contemporary young parents and parents-to-be think and believe. The contribution discusses how young Czech speaking women see child´s soul and what values they ascribe to it. It also tries to demonstrate how these values are influenced by such factors as (e.g.) a specific “Czech” relation to religion or the fact whether the women already have a child. The data are taken from the discourse (mainly discussions) published on internet websites for mothers, pregnant women, women who plan to have a child etc. The analysis uses a combination of methodologies – selected theories of cognitive linguistics (esp. the theory of the linguistic picture of the world and conceptual metaphors) and critical discourse analysis. Aksjosfera duszy dziecka w dyskursie młodych matek Wartości są często przekazywane dzieciom przez rodziców, dlatego tak ważne dla badacza są informacje, co przyszli i współcześni młodzi rodzice myślą i w co wierzą. W wykładzie przedstawiono, jak młode czeskie kobiety widzą duszę dziecka i jakie wartości duszy dziecka przypisują. Wykład próbuje również pokazać, w jaki sposób na dane wartości wywierają wpływ takie czynniki, jak (np.) specyficzny „czeski” stosunek do religii lub fakt, czy kobiety już mają dziecko. Materiał analizy pochodzi z dyskursu (głównie dyskusji) opublikowanego na stronach internetowych dla matek, kobiet w ciąży, kobiet, które planują mieć dziecko itp. Analiza wykorzystuje kombinację metodologii – wybranych teorii lingwistyki kognitywnej (zwłaszcza teorii językowego obrazu świata i metafory konceptualnej) oraz krytyczną analizę dyskursu. Wykład będzie wygłoszony po angielsku.

The article analyzes nomina actoris in the Czech and Bulgarian language. The information of the article is taken from the Josef Jungmann’s Czech-German dictionary and the Nayden Gerov’s Bulgarian dictionary, both of which were written in the 19th century. These two works represent the richness of the Slavic languages. The suffixes of nomina actoris -ař /-ář and -ar, are widely accepted in the Czech and the Bulgarian language, wich nouns can be grouped into various semantic groups.

The article is based on the view that the dictionaries of the neologisms provide an appropriate basis for comparison of the new phenomena in the vocabulary of two closely related languages, the objective of which is the description of synchronous dynamics in both languages not only considering their genetically determined similarities, but also the typological differences between them. This statement is proved by analyzing material from Bulgarian and Czech academic dictionaries of new words.

This article focuses on the so-called headword autonomy in the new monolingual dictionary of contemporary Czech. The highest possible autonomy of headwords is in accordance with the current general lexicographic trend – dictionaries being user-friendly. The new Akademický slovník současné češtiny (ASSČ; Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech) that is being compiled at the moment has that very ambition. In ASSČ, apart from autonomy of the headword in the list of headwords, special attention is being paid to autonomy of explanations at headwords with sense explanations based on word formation. The latter kind of autonomy is usually problematic in dictionary making.

The article concerns lexicographical representation of both Bulgarian and Czech neologisms in the area of sports in the existing explanatory dictionaries of neologisms. It also analyzes the structure of the entry and specifies various entry zones.

A review of Renáta Zechová, Modelowanie obrazu kobiety w systemie kulturowym czesko-polskiego pogranicza na Śląsku, Ostrava: Universitas Ostraviensis, 2014, 169 s.

Thinking and speaking about events is a process tightly connected with time perception. We can express when an event has occurred with respect to other events, whether it was a durative or a one-time event, whether it was an ongoing or already finished event, etc. Every human language has its own way and extent to which this complex temporal structure of experienced events is expressed. Upon hearing a story we construct a mental representation of the communicated event (e.g. Givón 1992). Some studies show that this construction already evolves during online processing, thanks to instantly accessible language processing cues (Altman and Kamide 1999, Ferretti, McRae and Hatherell 2001, McRae, Ferretti and Amyote 1997). These cues are employed to capture the intricate temporal structure of the story, for instance. They arise from the interplay of the three basic linguistic components (structure, meaning and function) and as such are consistent with a constructional view of language (e.g. Fillmore 1988). Even subtle changes of any of the linguistic cues may lead to a different mental representation. Examples of the sources of grammatical markers and lexical categories from which the linguistic cues arise are grammatical and lexical aspect. In the linguistic field, a lot of attention has been paid to analyses of how those sources of temporal cues function within a language system. However, there is a lack of empirical data on how grammatical and lexical aspect interact, and what the effects of such an interaction are. The present study aims to investigate the link between the complex system of temporal cues and sensorimotor representation in Czech speakers, with specific focus on grammatical verb aspect and so-called event telicity, i.e. lexical aspect, all of which will be further described below.

Tom jest zbiorem artykułów poświęconych opracowaniom słownikowym materiałów gwarowych. Teksty ukazują różnorodne aspekty dorobku słowiańskiej leksykografii gwarowej i stanowią swego rodzaju syntezę dokonań językoznawców z obszaru Słowiańszczyzny. Prezentują one najnowsze osiągnięcia badawcze w zakresie prac nad słownictwem gwarowym. Przedstawiono m.in. koncepcje nowych słowników, a także zaawansowanie prac nad już opracowywanymi. Szczególnie ważne jest, że problemy te przedstawiają właśnie sami twórcy tych słowników. Istotne są też artykuły o charakterze przeglądowym szczegółowo omawiające spuściznę leksykograficzną poszczególnych krajów słowiańskich., The volume is a collection of articles dealing with the presentation of dialect material in the form of dictionaries. The texts describe various aspects of Slavic lexicography and constitute a synthesis of the achievement of scholars from the Slavic area. Presented are the latest accomplishments of research on Slavic vocabulary, including the conceptions of new dictionaries and the progress of those that are in the works. Importantly, these developments are discussed by the authors of the dictionaries. Also significant are the articles overviewing the lexicographical legacy of particular Slavic countries.

Bakalářská práce se zabývá tématem vzdělávání cizinců v Královéhradeckém kraji. Teoretická část se zabývá vymezením základní terminologie a legislativou související s pobytem cizinců. V další části se zabývá integrací cizinců a možnostmi vzdělávání dospělých cizinců žijících na území České republiky. Praktická část pomocí rozhovorů zjišťuje, jakým způsobem probíhá výuka cizinců v Královéhradeckém kraji., The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of education of foreigners in the Region of Hradec Králové. The theoretical part explains the basic terminology and legislation related to the stay of foreigners. The next section considers the integration of foreigners and the educational opportunities of adult foreigners living in the Czech Republic. The practical part by means of interviews detects the way of instruction of foreigners in the Region of Hradec Králové., Fakulta filozofická

Рад представља истраживање које се заснива на конфронтативној анализи глаголских префикса који изражавају семантичку црту квантитета, прецизније, велике и мале количине радње у чешком језику и њихових еквиваленaтa у српском језику са циљем да се открију међујезичке сличности и разлике у ова два језика на пољу функционисања глаголске префиксације и глаголских изведеница у систему чешког и српског језика. Као прво, издвајају се глаголски префикси који у чешком језику изражавају семантику квантитета, наводе се и анализирају њихова појединачна значења и утврђују еквиваленти у српском језику. Појединачна значења узимају се у обзир уколико се наводе у оквиру радње која је дефинисана као (velká/malá и слично) „míra děje“, (dlouhé/krátké и сл.) „trvání děje“ и (vyšší/nižší и сл.) „intenzita děje“, одн. (велика/мала и сл.) „мера/количина радње“, (дуго/кратко и сл.) „трајање радње“ и (јачи/слабији и сл.) „интензитет радње“..., Presented Dissertation submits the results of a research, being dedicated to contrastive analysis of verbal prefixes, expressing semantic features of a quantity, both respective large and small quantities of action in Czech and their equivalents in Serbian, as well. Target of this Dissertation herein was to reveal both inter-language coincidences and differences taking place in both above mentioned languages hereof within the framework of the verbal prefixation functioning and verbal derivatives, as well, in the linguistic system of Czech and Serbian languages. First we segregated verbal prefixes expressing in Czech language the semantics of quantity. Furthermore, we have presented and analyzed their partial meanings, specified thru appropriate equivalents in Serbian. Particular meanings are taken into account in case that was quoted in relevant literature within the framework of respective action, being defined as (large/small, etc.) “quantity of the action“, (long/short, etc.) “duration of the action“, and (higher/lower, etc.) “intensity of the action“...

Cílem této bakalářské práce je představit českého buditele, vlastence, kazatele a spisovatele Václava Beneše Třebízského (1849-1884) jako osobnost, která se svou činností významně podílela na sociálním přínosu pro společnost v období českého národního uvědomění, a upozornit tak na vazbu mezi sociálním působením Václava Beneše Třebízského a sociální pedagogikou. V teoretické části se z pohledu historického kontextu zaměřuje na dobu, ve které žil a období konce národního obrození, neboť události s tím spojené ovlivnily nejen jeho literární tvorbu, ale i výchovné, pedagogické i životní postoje a sociální cítění. Textová analýza několika literárních děl zjišťuje autorovo sociální zrání a hlavní myšlenky směřující k výchovnému procesu čtenáře. Praktická část práce je pomocí kvalitativního výzkumu prostřednictvím přímého strukturovaného rozhovoru zaměřena na získání názorů a postojů od jednotlivých respondentů k osobnosti Václava Beneše Třebízského a k jeho sociálnímu, výchovnému, vlasteneckému i literárnímu odkazu., This bachelor thesis deals with a Czech revivalist, patriot and writer Václav Beneš Třebízský (1849-1884) whose work significantly contributed to the social problematic in the period of the Czech national revival. It concentrates on the relation between a social activity of Václav Benše Třebízský and a social pedagogy. The theoretical part of the thesis concentrates on his life from a historical point of view and on the end of the national revival period because the surroundings influenced his writings, his educational, pedagogical and life attitudes and his social feeling. The aim of his writings' analysis is to show author's social maturing and his main ideas focused on an educational process of a reader. The practical part shows the results of a qualitative research, more precisely the results of a few direct structured interviews. Questions that the respondents were given aimed to obtain their personal attitudes to Třebízský's personality and to his social, educational, patriotic and literary legacy., Katedra pedagogiky a psychologie

A page listing all resources on The LINGUIST List website which are relevant to this language or language family.

Visually irresistible, but essentially unbearable, or on some of Czech adjectives and adverbsThe present contribution from the field of comparative Slavonic word for­ mation deals with a specific feature of the Czech language, namely its frequent (in comparison to other Slavonic tongues) use of adjectives of passive possibility (impossibility), which in Czech usually assume the suffix -telný (or ne-telný), and of so-called viewpoint adverbs, like cenově, vzhledově, and povahově. The article’s main focus is the situation of Czech from a diachronic perspective. Emphasis is also placed upon the differences between particular Slavonic languages as well as in academic traditions of linguistics in particular Slavonic nations. These theoretical remarks are illustrated with examples of different languages conveying the same message with means that are either synthetic (one word, e.g. adjective or adverb) or analytic (multi-word phrase). Vzhledově neodolatelný, ale povahově nesnesitelný, czyli o niektórych czeskich przymiotnikach i przysłówkachCelem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na specyficzną sytuację języka czeskiego, polegającą na wysokiej częstotliwości (w porównaniu z językiem polskim lub innymi językami słowiańskimi) tworzenia i używania przymiotników (nie)możliwościowych z formantem -telný (ew. ne–telný) oraz tzw. przysłówka względu typu cenově, vzhledově, povahově itd. Odwołując się do odpowiedniej literatury fachowej, autorka przedstawia omawiany temat w ujęciu diachronicznym, zwracając równocześnie uwagę na różnice w konkretnych językach słowiańskich oraz w interpretacjach prezentowanego zjawiska w tradycji lin­gwistycznej poszczególnych narodów słowiańskich. Uwagi natury teoretycznej ilustrowane są przykładami wyrażania tej samej treści – w zależności od danego języka – w sposób syntetyczny (w postaci przymiotnika/przysłówka) albo analityczny (w postaci konstrukcji wielowyrazowej).

Kosmač’s best prosaic works Spring Day, Tantadruj and Ballade on a Trumpet and a Cloud contain a great number of proper names, in particular, real toponyms from the South‑West of Slovenia, anthroponyms used in the village environment in the 1st half of the 20th century, and nicknames. Based on the analysis of the original texts and Benhart’s translation, we state that, when translating proper names, the translator used mostly transcription (loanwords), less frequently substitution, mainly for hypocorisms, and literal translation for nicknames. This approach maintains, even emphasizes, the atmosphere and color of the Slovenian environment, however, it also deprives readers of the organic elements of the original works.

Czech models for NameTag, providing recognition of named entities. The models are trained on Czech Named Entity Corpus 2.0 and 1.1., This work has been using language resources developed and/or stored and/or distributed by the LINDAT/CLARIN project of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic (project LM2010013). Czech models are trained on Czech Named Entity Corpus, which was created by Magda Ševčíková, Zdeněk Žabokrtský, Jana Straková and Milan Straka. The recognizer research was supported by the projects MSM0021620838 and LC536 of Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, 1ET101120503 of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, LINDAT/CLARIN project of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic (project LM2010013), and partially by SVV project number 267 314. The research was performed by Jana Straková, Zdeněk Žabokrtský and Milan Straka. Czech models use MorphoDiTa as a tagger and lemmatizer, therefore MorphoDiTa Acknowledgements (http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/morphodita#morphodita_acknowledgements) and Czech MorphoDiTa Model Acknowledgements (http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/morphodita/users-manual#czech-morfflex-pdt_acknowledgements) apply.

Czech models for MorphoDiTa, providing morphological analysis, morphological generation and part-of-speech tagging. The morphological dictionary is created from MorfFlex CZ and the PoS tagger is trained on PDT (Prague Dependency Treebank)., This work has been using language resources developed and/or stored and/or distributed by the LINDAT/CLARIN project of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic (project LM2010013). The Czech morphologic system was devised by Jan Hajič. The MorfFlex CZ dictionary was created by Jan Hajič and Jaroslava Hlaváčová. The morphologic guesser research was supported by the projects 1ET101120503 and 1ET101120413 of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and 100008/2008 of Charles University Grant Agency. The research was performed by Jan Hajič, Jaroslava Hlaváčová and David Kolovratník. The tagger algorithm and feature set research was supported by the projects MSM0021620838 and LC536 of Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, GA405/09/0278 of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic and 1ET101120503 of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The research was performed by Drahomíra "johanka" Spoustová, Jan Hajič, Jan Raab and Miroslav Spousta. The tagger is trained on morphological layer of Prague Dependency Treebank PDT 2.5, which was supported by the projects LM2010013, LC536, LN00A063 and MSM0021620838 of Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, and developed by Martin Buben, Jan Hajič, Jiří Hana, Hana Hanová, Barbora Hladká, Emil Jeřábek, Lenka Kebortová, Kristýna Kupková, Pavel Květoň, Jiří Mírovský, Andrea Pfimpfrová, Jan Štěpánek and Daniel Zeman.

A page listing all phonemic inventories in PHOIBLE Online for the language Czech.